이 프로토콜은 취리히의 로컬 인간 윤리위원회 (KEK 취리히)의 지침을 따른다. 1. 하드웨어 설치 (그림 1) <ol><li> (그리고 진행의 라인에) 약 1m의 간 설정 거리와 함께 복도를 만들 바닥 기반 바의 2 개의 10-M 세트를 사용하고 서로 평행하게 배치합니다. 참고 :이 거리가 8m까지 증가 할 수 있습니다. 각 막대 1m의 길이를 가지며, 96 광 다이오드로 구성된다. </li><li> 광 투과 우측 (T) 단위 및 왼쪽 수광 (R) 유닛을 배치하여 바의 설치를위한 광 투과 (T)와 수광부 (R) 단위 사이의 구별을 보행 방향에 대해 측면. 참고 : 첫 번째 미터 바​​ (T와 R 모두)은 드럼을 가지고있다. 나머지 9m에 배치 된 T와 R 바는 동등하고 상호 교환 모든입니다. </li><li> 캡 (무선)와 행의 모든​​ 막대를 연결합니다. 2 포웨를 사용하여R 공급 : 바 (T와 R)의 각 세트에 대해 하나. </li><li> USB 케이블로 노트북에 대한 첫 번째 R 줄을 연결합니다. </li><li> 다음 오프라인 검증의 첫 번째 줄 (예를 들어, 시작 피트)에 카메라를 배치하고, USB 케이블을 노트북에 연결합니다. </li><li> 전 트랙의 시작과 종료 후 마크 2m를 넣습니다. </li><li> 제 R 및 T 바의 온 - 오프 스위치를 이용한 광전 장치의 전환. </li><li> 모든 R 막대에있는 제어 LED가 녹색으로 켜져 있는지 확인합니다. 참고 : 그래서, 시스템이 올바르게 배치 및 테스트를 시작할 수있는 경우; 제어 하나 이상의 LED가 적색 인 경우 그러나, 시스템이 정확하게 위치 및 / 또는 접속되지 않는다. 그들이 완전히 제자리로 클릭 한 다음을 껐다가 다시 켜 시스템의 전원을 켤 것을 확인하여 모두 대문자를 제어 할 수 있습니다. </li></ol><img alt="그림 1" src="/files/ftp_upload/51878/51878fig1.jpg" /> 그림 1. PHOToelectric 시스템은 광 투과 (T)와 수광부 (R) 약 1m의 거리를두고 서로 평행하게 배치 된 단위로 구성된다. 카메라 가까이 제어 목적을위한 출발 영역이 설치된다. 노트북은 처음 R 표시 줄에 카메라에 USB 케이블로 연결되어있다. <a href="https://www.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/51878/51878fig1highres.jpg" target="_blank">이 그림의 더 큰 버전을 보려면 여기를 클릭하십시오.</a> 2. 소프트웨어 설치 및 시험 준비 <ol><li> www.optogait.com/Support/Downloads에서 광전 운영 체제 소프트웨어를로드합니다. 주 :이 프로토콜은 1.8.1 버전을 사용하여 설명한다. </li><li> 소프트웨어는 다음과 같은 새로운 테스트를 생성 보용 분석 처음 사용되는 경우 (다르게 2.3 단계로 진행) : <ol><li> 테스트는 다음에 클릭 정의 / 테스트를 수정합니다. 이제 보행 테스트를 클릭 선택하고 중복 검사를 선택합니다.테스트가 중복 될 수 있도록 팝업 창에서 확인을 클릭합니다. </li><li> 이름을 수정할 수있는 중복 시험을 두 번 클릭합니다 (예를 들면, 보행 시험 10 바)과 바의 수 (10)을 선택합니다. 그림 2에 제시되어 보행 테스트의 표준 매개 변수를 사용합니다. 마지막으로, 모든 수정 사항을 저장하려면 저장을 선택합니다. </li></ol></li><li> 데이터베이스에 새로운 환자를 추가합니다. / 삽입을 클릭, 환자를 선택 환자를 수정 한 다음 데이터를 입력 새로운 환자를 클릭합니다. 그런 다음 데이터를 저장합니다. </li></ol><img alt="그림 2" src="/files/ftp_upload/51878/51878fig2.jpg" /> 광전 시스템이 처음으로 사용될 때도 2 본 프로토콜에 기재된 바와 같이 10 바 보용 시험용 표준 설정. 이러한 설정이 정의된다. 이 프로토콜의 시작 발은 정의되어 있지 않습니다.시스템은 환자가 기록 영역에 진입 할 때 측정 시작하고 환자가 측정 유닛을 벗어나면 측정을 멈춘다. <a href="https://www.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/51878/51878fig2highres.jpg" target="_blank">이 도면의 더 큰 버전을 보려면 여기를 클릭하세요.</a> 3. 시험 절차 <ol><li> 항상 환자 (13)에 같은 지침을 제공합니다. <ol><li> 두 개의 서로 다른 속도에서 10 m의 산책로를 따라 평면 밑창 신발을 걷는 환자를 지시한다 : 평소보다 더 빠른 속도로 걸어 &quot;((&quot;당신을 위해 편안한 속도로 걸어 &quot;), 정상보다 더 빨리 당신은 일반적으로) &quot;걸을 것이다. </li><li> 도보 시험 동안 똑바로보고 환자에게 문의하십시오. </li><li> 더 나은 시험 조건을 표준화하기 위해 동일한 발 첫 번째 단계를 시작하는 환자에게 문의하십시오. </li><li> 제 1 광전 줄 전에 2m 걷기 시작하는 환자에게 물어 각각의 TR 결론일정한 보행 속도 (13)을 유지하기 위해 마지막 모음 후 2m를 IAL. </li></ol></li><li> 환자에게 정상 속도로 하나의 시험을 보여줍니다. </li><li> 각각의 속도에서 하나의 실험 시험 다음 세 가지 익숙해 시험을 수행하기 위해 환자를 요청합니다. 먼저 항상 완전한 정상 속도 시험. </li><li> 소프트웨어와 함께 준비 테스트를 클릭 한 후 생성 된 테스트와 측정을 시작하는 실행합니다. <ol><li> 확인을 클릭 한 다음 선택을 클릭 환자 선택에 의해 환자를 선택합니다. </li><li> , 보행 테스트 (10) 막대를 선택을 클릭하고 테스트 예를 선택하여 검사를 선택합니다. 오직이 테스트 측정을 위해 선택되어 있는지 확인합니다. </li><li> 그것은 전체 거리를 기록 할 수 있도록 카메라를 놓습니다. 노트북의 화면에 라이브 영상을 확인하면서 카메라의 위치를​​ 변경합니다. </li><li> 마지막으로, 클릭 실행다시. 참고 : 이제 소프트웨어가 측정 할 준비가되어 있습니다. 즉시 환자 바 들어갈 때, 시스템은 측정하기 시작하고, 팝업 윈도우가 시작 발 요구 나타난다. </li></ol></li><li> 보행 매개 변수가 올바르게 계산 될 수 있도록 적절한 발을 클릭합니다. 참고 : 카메라 기록을 자동으로 테스트가 시작되면. </li><li> 테스트를 저장합니다. </li></ol> 4. 데이터 분석 <ol><li> 완성 된 시험을 표시하는 결과를 클릭합니다. 그런 다음 시험 분석 섹션에 테스트 목록에서 테스트를 전송하기 위해 다음 관심의 시험에있는 화살표를 클릭합니다. 이제 선택된 테스트를 표시하려면보기를 클릭하십시오. 본 연구에서 수행 된 모든 테스트의 결과 섹션을 참조하십시오. 참고 : 모든 테스트 데이터가있는 창 (그림 3)이 나타납니다. 창 왼쪽에 다양한 기능 활성화를위한 몇 가지 명령 버튼이 있습니다. 윈도우의 다른 부분은 4 타이 선물현재 테스트에 관한 정보의 발소리. 각 정보 세트는 구성 명령을 사용하여 숨겨진 / 표시 할 수있다. 수치 데이터 및 광전 바 비디오, 결과를 표시하는 차트, 테이블 : 위에서 아래로 항목은 다음과 같습니다. </li><li> 보행 보고서 (그림 3)을 표시 보행 데이터를 클릭합니다. </li><li> 보고서를 인쇄하려면 인쇄 (보고서와 창이 나타납니다)을 클릭합니다. 참고 : 보고서는 그대로 인쇄 할 수 있습니다하거나 수정할 수 있습니다. 다른 시공간 파라미터를 들어, 다음과 같은 결과가보고에 제시되어있다 : 평균은 왼쪽 및 오른쪽의 ± 표준 편차 (SD)를 값, 좌측 사이의 변동 (CV) 보용 14,15 가변성 발현 및 퍼센트 차이의 계수 오른쪽 (비대칭). <ol><li> 필요한 경우 다음과 같은 보고서를 수정한다 (단계 4.3) 상술 한 바와 같이 리포트를 연다. 왼쪽 SID에보기 버튼을 클릭하거나 숨기기화면의 전자 보고서의 발표 데이터와 차트를 적용합니다. </li><li> 로고 및 / 또는 보고서 바닥 글을 변경하려면 다음 매개 변수를 수정하기 위해 각각의 버튼 (로고 변경 또는 변경 바닥 글)을 클릭합니다. </li></ol></li><li> 예를 들어, 다른 경우에 수행 두 개 이상의 테스트 이전을 비교하고 개입 후, 테스트 옆에있는 화살표를 클릭하여 결과 섹션에서 다른 테스트를 선택하고 비교 버튼을 클릭합니다. 참고 : 다른 테스트의 모든 매개 변수의 직접 비교에 보고서가 표시됩니다. </li></ol><img alt="그림 3" src="/files/ftp_upload/51878/51878fig3.jpg" /> 모든 테스트 데이터의 그림 3. 스크린 샷. 명령 버튼 (결국 수정할 수있는 보고서가 생성되는 인쇄를 클릭하여, 예를 들면) 창 왼쪽에 나타납니다. 다른차트 수치 데이터, 및 광전 바 결과, 표를 표시하는, 비디오 : 창 부분은 위에서 아래로, 현재 테스트에 관한 다음의 정보를 제공한다. 이러한 정보는 오른쪽 구성 버튼을 사용하여 숨겨진 / 표시 할 수있다. 데이터의 실제 뷰가 보행 데이터 또는 보행 보고서를 클릭하여 변경할 수 있습니다, 각각. <a href="https://www.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/51878/51878fig3highres.jpg" target="_blank">이 그림의 더 큰 버전을 보려면 여기를 클릭하십시오.</a>

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M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gait+variability:+methods,+modeling+and+meaning.">Gait variability: methods, modeling and meaning.</a> J. Neuroeng. Rehabil. 2, (2005).</li><li>Blin, O., Ferrandez, A. M., Serratrice, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantitative+analysis+of+gait+in+Parkinson+patients:+increased+variability+of+stride+length.">Quantitative analysis of gait in Parkinson patients: increased variability of stride length.</a> J. Neurol. Sci. 98, 91-97 (1990).</li><li>Webster, K. E., Merory, J. R., Wittwer, J. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gait+variability+in+community+dwelling+adults+with+Alzheimer+disease.">Gait variability in community dwelling adults with Alzheimer disease.</a> Alzheimer. Dis. Assoc. Disord. 20, 37-40 (2006).</li><li>Bejek, Z., Paroczai, R., Illyes, A., Kiss, R. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+influence+of+walking+speed+on+gait+parameters+in+healthy+people+and+in+patients+with+osteoarthritis.">The influence of walking speed on gait parameters in healthy people and in patients with osteoarthritis.</a> Knee Surg. Sports Traumatol. Arthrosc. 14, 612-622 (2006).</li></ol>

저자가 공개하는 게 없다.

여기에 제시된 프로토콜은 최근에 도입 된 광전 시스템 환자의 시공간적 보용 파라미터 (정형 외과, 신경, 심폐, 등) 및 건강한 노인을 평가할 수있다. 시스템의 전체 길이 및 폭은 가능한 공간 및 예산에 따라 조절 될 수있다. (유럽에서) 예상 비용은 약 2,800 10 미터 시스템에 대한 미터 당 미화 권장되는 최소 길이는 바닥 기반의 보행 분석을위한 3m이다. 광전 시스템의 새로운 기능은 최근함으로써...

걷기는 일상 생활에서 가장 중요한 신체 활동의 하나이며, 보행 악화로 제시 할 수있다 노인 환자 인구의 삶의 질의 주요 결정 요인이다. 보행 기능의 임상 적 평가는 노화 및 / 또는 신경 / 정형 병증에 의해 유도 된 전위 변화를 나타 내기 위해, 또한 처리의 기능적 이점을 증명하는 것이 중요하다. 다른 악기는 예를 들면 보행 매개 변수, 포스 플레이트, 비디오 기반의 3 차원 동작 분석, 신체에 장착 된 가속도계 (10, 11)의 정량적 평가를 위해 개발 및 산책로 매트 또는 러닝 머신 (12)을 계측하고있다. 그러나, 이들 시스템은 주로 운전할 복잡하기 때문에, 조사 연구를 위해 아닌 임상 용도로 사용 낮은 접근성, 깨지기 센서를 갖는다. 바닥 - 기반 광전 시스템은 최근에 유효한 칼을 제공 할 수있는, 도입 된시간 기능 및 보행 단계의 1 차원 공간 좌표의 culation. 이 측정 장치는 기존의 시스템에 비해 여러 가지 장점을 가지고, 취급이 용이하다 데이터가 매우 빠르게 수집, 그 상세한 리포트를 생성하는 간단한이며 시스템의 길이가 변경 될 수 있음을 의미 모듈러 시스템 . 따라서, 그룹 내의 종 평가 변화 및 ​​단면도의 비교에서 그룹간에 차이를 측정하는 안심하고 사용할 수있다. 기술 된 프로토콜의 목적은 장비 및 그 설치에 집중하고 객관적 직설적 노인과 환자 집단에서의 시공간 보용 파라미터를 평가하기위한 평가 절차를 설명한다.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="846">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:325px;">Name of Equipment</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Company</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Catalog Number</td>
			<td style="width:233px;">Comments/Description</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:325px;">-Optogait system (10 meters)</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Microgate, Bolzano, Italy</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td><a href="http://www.optogait.com/">www.optogait.com</a></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:325px;">-Optogait software</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>www.optogait.com/Support/Downloads</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:325px;">-Laptop</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:325px;"></td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:325px;">The Optogait system contains the following equipment:</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:325px;">-10 light-transmitting (T) bars (1 as a first meter)</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:325px;">-10 light-receiving (R) bars (1 as a first meter)</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:325px;">-18 caps to connect the bars within a set (9 for T and 9 for R bars) and 2 special caps for the last T and R bar</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:325px;">-1 camera with its tripod</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:22px;width:325px;">-1 cable for connecting the Optogait to the laptop</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:325px;">-1 cable for connecting the camera to the laptop</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:325px;">-2 power supplies (one for each set of bars)</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

clinical assessment of spatiotemporal gait parameters in patients and older adults

인간의 보행의 시공간적 특성은 가능한 한 자주 보행 주로 정형 외과 및 신경 학적 환자 1-4 장애,뿐만 아니라 건강한 노인 5,6 년을 식별하기 위해 평가됩니다. 이 프로토콜에서 설명 정량적 보행 분석은 (재료 표 참조)은, 휴대용 쉽게 설정할 수 있기 때문에 병원에서 사용될 가능성이있는 최근에 도입 된 광전 시스템 행한다 (어떠한 피사체 제제 검사 전에 필요 없다 ), 유지 보수 및 센서 교정을 필요로하지 않습니다. 광전자 시스템은 통로를 만들기 위해, 서로 평행하게 배치되고, 진행 (7)의 라인에 대해 수직 배향되는 발광 및 수광 다이오드 고밀도 바닥 계 광전지 시리즈로 구성된다. 시스템은 단순히 의한 기록 영역 내의 피트의 존재로 인해, 예를 들어, 광 신호의 중단을 검출한다. 시간적인걸음 걸이 매개 변수와 연속적인 단계의 1 차원 공간 좌표는 계속해서 같은 단계 길이, 단일 사지 지원 및 그 유효성 기준 악기에 대한 최근 7,9 입증 된 보행 속도 8, 일반적인 걸음 걸이 매개 변수를 제공하기 위해 계산됩니다. 측정 방법은 매우 간단하다; 한 명의 환자는 5 분 미만으로 테스트 할 수 있고, 종합적인보고는 1 분 미만으로 생성 될 수있다.

최근의 한 연구는 정형 외과 환자와 건강한 노인 컨트롤 (7)의 시공간 보행 매개 변수의 평가를위한 기준 장비 (검증 된 전자 보도)에 대해 광전 시스템의 유효성을 보여 주었다. 보용 변수 동일한 그룹간에 차이가 두 시스템에 의해 검출되었다. 동시 타당성이 0.933과 0.999 (P &lt;0.001) 사이의 범위 급내 상관 계수, 체계적인 바이어스 (P &lt;0.001)로, 우수한했지만 두 측정 기기 사이에 관찰되었?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Clinical Assessment of Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters in Patients and Older Adults at JoVE.com

Clinical Assessment of Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters in Patients and Older Adults

This protocol is used to evaluate spatial and temporal gait variables of neurological/orthopedic patients and older persons by means of a recently-introduced floor-based photocell system.

환자와 노인의 시공간 보행 매개 변수의 임상 평가

Spatial and temporal characteristics of human walking are frequently evaluated to identify possible gait impairments, mainly in orthopedic and ...

clinical-assessment-spatiotemporal-gait-parameters-patients-older

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JoVE Journal

Medicine

13.7K 조회수.  Schulthess Clinic. This protocol is used to evaluate spatial and temporal gait variables of neurological/orthopedic patients and older persons by means of a recently-introduced floor-based photocell system.

비디오: Clinical Assessment of Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters in Patients and Older Adults

Collecting Saliva and Measuring Salivary Cortisol and Alpha-amylase in Frail Community Residing Older Adults via Family Caregivers

Salivary measures have emerged in bio-behavioral research that are easy-to-collect, minimally invasive, and relatively inexpensive biologic markers of stress. This article we present the steps for collection and analysis of two salivary assays in research with frail, community residing older adults-salivary cortisol and salivary alpha amylase. The field of salivary bioscience is rapidly advancing and the purpose of this presentation is to provide an update on the developments for investigators interested in integrating these measures into research on aging. Strategies are presented for instructing family caregivers in collecting saliva in the home, and for conducting laboratory analyses of salivary analytes that have demonstrated feasibility, high compliance, and yield quality specimens. The protocol for sample collection includes: (1) consistent use of collection materials; (2) standardized methods that promote adherence and minimize subject burden; and (3) procedures for controlling certain confounding agents. We also provide strategies for laboratory analyses include: (1) saliva handling and processing; (2) salivary cortisol and salivary alpha amylase assay procedures; and (3) analytic considerations.

We demonstrate: (1) procedures for collection of salivary samples in cognitive impaired older adults by family caregivers in the home setting, (2) procedures for measuring stress activity via salivary cortisol and alpha amylase, and (3) representative profiles. Protocols that allow researchers to study stress-linked processes advance our understanding of biological sensitivity and susceptibility.

Salivary measures have emerged in bio-behavioral research  that are easy-to-collect, minimally invasive, and relatively inexpensive  biologic markers of ...

연구

의학

Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have significantly increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared to the general population, and this is only partially explained by traditional CVD risk factors. Vascular dysfunction is an important non-traditional risk factor, characterized by vascular endothelial dysfunction (most commonly assessed as impaired endothelium-dependent dilation [EDD]) and stiffening of the large elastic arteries. While various techniques exist to assess EDD and large elastic artery stiffness, the most commonly used are brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMDBA) and aortic pulse-wave velocity (aPWV), respectively. Both of these noninvasive measures of vascular dysfunction are independent predictors of future cardiovascular events in patients with and without kidney disease. Patients with CKD demonstrate both impaired FMDBA, and increased aPWV. While the exact mechanisms by which vascular dysfunction develops in CKD are incompletely understood, increased oxidative stress and a subsequent reduction in nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability are important contributors. Cellular changes in oxidative stress can be assessed by collecting vascular endothelial cells from the antecubital vein and measuring protein expression of markers of oxidative stress using immunofluorescence. We provide here a discussion of these methods to measure FMDBA, aPWV, and vascular endothelial cell protein expression.

The degree of vascular dysfunction and contributing physiological mechanisms can be assessed in patients with chronic kidney disease by measuring brachial artery flow-mediated dilation, aortic pulse-wave velocity, and vascular endothelial cell protein expression.

만성 신장 질환 환자에서 혈관 기능의 평가

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have significantly increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared to the general population, and this ...

A Detailed Protocol for Physiological Parameters Acquisition and Analysis in Neurosurgical Critical Patients

Intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring is now widely used in neurosurgical critical patients. Besides mean ICP value, the ICP derived parameters such as ICP waveform, amplitude of pulse (AMP), the correlation of ICP amplitude and ICP mean (RAP), pressure reactivity index (PRx), ICP and arterial blood pressure (ABP) wave amplitude correlation (IAAC), and so on, can reflect intracranial status, predict prognosis, and can also be used as guidance of proper treatment. However, most of the clinicians focus only on the mean ICP value while ignoring these parameters because of the limitations of the current devices. We have recently developed a multimodality monitoring system to address these drawbacks. This portable, user-friendly system will use a data collecting and storing device to continuously acquire patients&#39; physiological parameters first, i.e., ABP, ICP, and oxygen saturation, and then analyze these physiological parameters. We hope that the multimodality monitoring system will be accepted as a key measure to monitor physiological parameters, to analyze the current clinical status, and to predict the prognosis of the neurosurgical critical patients.

Recently, we have developed a portable multimodality monitoring system for the monitoring of various physiological parameters in neurosurgical critical patients. Detailed protocols on how to use this multimodality monitoring system are presented here.

생리 적인 매개 변수에 대 한 자세한 프로토콜 수집 및 신경외과 중요 한 환자 분석

Intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring is now widely used in neurosurgical critical patients. Besides mean ICP value, the ICP derived parameters such as ...

Severe Burn Injury in a Swine Model for Clinical Dressing Assessment

Wound healing is a dynamic repair process and is the most complex biological process in human life. In response to burn injury, alterations in biological pathways impair the inflammation response, resulting in delayed wound healing. Impaired wound healing frequently occurs in patients with diabetes leading to unfavorable outcomes such as amputation. Hence, dressings having beneficial effect in promoting burn wound repair are needed. However, studies on burn wound treatment are limited due to lack of proper animal models. Our previous study demonstrated wound-healing performance in rat and swine models using a minimally invasive surgical technique. This study aimed to demonstrate a swine model of severe burn injury that eliminates wound contraction and more closely approximates the human processes of re-epithelialization and new tissue formation. This protocol provides a detailed procedure for creating consistent burn wounds and examining the wound-healing performance under the treatment of an experimental dressing in a swine model. Six burn wounds were created symmetrically on the dorsum, which were covered with a clinical dressing composed of four layers: an inner contact layer of experimental materials, an inner intermediate layer of waterproof film, an outer intermediate layer of gauze, and an outer layer of adhesive plaster. Upon the completion of experiments, wound closure, wound area, and Vancouver Scar Scale score were examined. The samples of skin resected from each animal post-sacrifice were histologically prepared and stained using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Antibacterial activity of each dressing in the context of wound healing was also examined. The application of the clinical dressing to the wounds in swine model mimics the biological processes of human wound healing with respect to the processes of epithelialization, cellular proliferation, and angiogenesis. Therefore, this swine model provides an easy-to-learn, cost-effective, and robust method to assess the effect of clinical dressings in severe burn injury.

To closely mimic the mode of burn injuries requires the interplay between clinical observation and studies in animal models. In this study, a swine model of severe burn injury was established to assess an experimental dressing in physiological and pathophysiological settings.

임상 드레싱 평가 대 한 돼지 모델에서 가혹한 화상 상해

Wound healing is a dynamic repair process and is the most complex biological process in human life. In response to burn injury, alterations in biological ...

Measurements of Motor Function and Other Clinical Outcome Parameters in Ambulant Children with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

While the number of new treatment options tested in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is increasing, there is still no defining of the most reliable assessments regarding therapeutic efficacy. We present clinical and radiological outcome measures used in ambulatory patients participating in our trial &#34;Treatment with L-citrulline and metformin in Duchenne muscular dystrophy&#34;. The motor function measure is a validated test in patients with neuromuscular disorders that consists of 32 items and assesses all three dimensions of motor performance including standing and transfer (D1 subscore), axial and proximal motor function (D2 subscore), and distal motor function (D3 subscore). The test shows high intra- and inter-rater variability but only when strictly following guidelines of the materials, examination steps, and calculation of scores. The 6-minute walk test, timed 10-meter walk/run test, and supine-up time are commonly used timed functional tests that also sufficiently monitor changes in muscle function; however, they strongly depend on patient collaboration. Quantitative MRI is an objective and sensitive biomarker to detect subclinical changes, though the examination costs may be a reason for its limited use. In this study, a high correlation between all clinical assessments and quantitative MRI scans was found. The combinational use of these methods provides a better understanding about disease progression; however, longitudinal studies are needed to validate their reliability.

The aim of this study is to present the most reliable clinical outcome measures and their correlations with quantitative muscle MRI in ambulant patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

모터 기능 및 듀 켄 씨 근이 영양 증 Ambulant 어린이 다른 임상 결과 매개 변수 측정

While the number of new treatment options tested in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is increasing, there is still no defining of the most ...

Multi-Modal Home Sleep Monitoring in Older Adults

The gold standard for sleep monitoring is attended in-lab polysomnography; however, this method may be cost-prohibitive and inconvenient for patients and research participants. Home sleep testing has gained momentum in the field of sleep medicine due to its convenience and lower cost, as well as being more naturalistic. The accuracy and quality of home sleep testing, however, may be variable because studies are not monitored by sleep technologists. There has been some success in improving the accuracy of home sleep studies by having trained sleep technicians assist participants inside their homes with putting on the devices, but this can be intrusive and time-consuming for those involved. In this protocol, participants undergo at-home sleep monitoring with multiple devices: 1) a single-channel EEG device; 2) a home sleep test for sleep-disordered breathing and periodic limb movements; 3) actigraphy; and 4) sleep logs. A major challenge of this study is obtaining high-quality sleep monitoring data on the first attempt in order to minimize participant burden. This protocol describes the implementation of educational manuals with step-by-step instructions and photos. The goal is to improve the quality of home sleep testing.

Here, we present a protocol to improve the quality of data from home sleep testing by providing a method to enhance instructions through a structured participant visit. This protocol includes the implementation of a step-by-step educational manual with photos to ensure proper placement of equipment.

멀티 모달 집 수 면 노인에 모니터링

The gold standard for sleep monitoring is attended in-lab polysomnography; however, this method may be cost-prohibitive and inconvenient for patients and ...

Evaluation of Patients' Posture and Gait Profile After Lumbar Fusion Surgery by Video Rasterstereography and Treadmill Gait Analysis

This protocol provides guidance on how to perform high resolution video rasterstereography and treadmill gait analysis on patients after lumbar fusion surgery to obtain results about altered variables of gait and posture. These observed changes can then be correlated with the patient-reported outcome measure of pain relief. The rasterstereographic device projects lines of parallel light onto the surface of the tested subject&#39;s back. The deformation of these lines is recognized by the device. From these data, a special software then generates a 3-D profile based on the principle of triangulation. With an inaccuracy of only 0.2 mm it can measure changes in posture at very high precision. Gait and stance parameters are recorded using a treadmill equipped with an electric sensor mat that contains 10,200 miniature force sensors in the registering zone under the belt. Initial walking speed on the treadmill is 0.5 km/h. Speed is then gradually increased by increments of 0.1 km/h until each subject reaches his or her individual maximum well tolerable walking speed. At this speed, parameters are recorded during a 20 s measurement interval. Subjects are tested barefoot and without holding a handrail. Among various other parameters, stride width, step length, stance phase and foot rotation are measured. Both methods used reportedly have a high intra- and inter-observer reliability. The advantage of these highly accurate techniques is that they offer an objective and very detailed perspective on changes in the patient&#39;s posture and gait. Due to the amount of data generated, these techniques are, however, not so much suitable for everyday routine use, but rather interesting to scientifically evaluate long term alterations in posture and gait in patients like for example after lumbar fusion surgery.

Evaluation of Patients&#039; Posture and Gait Profile After Lumbar Fusion Surgery by Video Rasterstereography and Treadmill Gait Analysis

Here, we present a protocol to analyze the posture and the gait of patients after lumbar fusion surgery by means of high-resolution video rasterstereography and a treadmill equipped with an integrated sensor mat. Allowing critical functional postoperative evaluation on a less subjective level may enhance accuracy and reliability of indication for surgery.

환자의 자세와 걸음 걸이 프로필 비디오 Rasterstereography 및 디딜 방 아 걸음 걸이 분석 하 여 요 추 융합 수술 후의 평가

This protocol provides guidance on how to perform high resolution video rasterstereography and treadmill gait analysis on patients after lumbar fusion ...

Invasive Hemodynamic Assessment for the Right Ventricular System and Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Mice

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a chronic and severe cardiopulmonary disorder. Mice are a popular animal model used to mimic this disease. However, the evaluation of right ventricular pressure (RVP) and pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) remains technically challenging in mice. RVP and PAP are more difficult to measure than left ventricular pressure because of the anatomical differences between the left and right heart systems. In this paper, we describe a stable right heart hemodynamic measurement method and its validation using healthy and PAH mice. This method is based on open-chest surgery and mechanical ventilation support. It is a complicated procedure compared to closed chest procedures. While a well-trained surgeon is required for this surgery, the advantage of this procedure is that it can generate both RVP and PAP parameters at the same time, so it is a preferable procedure for the evaluation of PAH models.

Here, we present a protocol to perform an invasive hemodynamic assessment of the right ventricle and pulmonary artery in mice using an open-chest surgery approach.

마우스에 있는 우심실 시스템 및 저산소증 유도된 폐 동맥 고혈압을 위한 침략적인 혈역학 평가

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a chronic and severe cardiopulmonary disorder. Mice are a popular animal model used to mimic this disease. ...

A Training Program Using an Agility Ladder for Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Aging impairs physical and cognitive functions and limits daily activities. Agility training can improve or maintain physical functioning in older people. The purpose of this study is to report the physical fitness benefits of a training program for independent community-dwelling older adults using an agility ladder. Each training session lasted approximately 30 minutes, and the benefits were achieved with two sessions per week for 14 weeks. Training was timed and involved four different drills and varying levels of difficulty through time. The exercises were performed at the School of Physical Education of the University of Campinas, S&#227;o Paulo state, Brazil. The study participants (n = 16; mean age of 66.9 &#177; 5.0 years) were instructed to perform the exercises as quickly as possible without making mistakes and were assisted by a physical trainer when they made mistakes. Assessments were performed both before and after training using five functional tests (i.e., Illinois agility, five times sit-to-stand, timed up-and-go, walking usual speed, and one-leg stand). Although the study sample was not compared with a control group, the results indicate that training protocols using an agility ladder are easy and practical and improve physical function performance in older adults.

The aim of this study is to present an agility training program for older people. The feasibility of this program is described, and the training protocol demonstrated by video imaging.

지역 사회 거주 노인을위한 민첩성 사다리를 사용하는 교육 프로그램

Aging impairs physical and cognitive functions and limits daily activities. Agility training can improve or maintain physical functioning in older people. ...

Oral Health Assessment by Lay Personnel for Older Adults

Oral health is an often-undervalued contributor to overall health. The literature, however, underscores the myriad of systemic diseases influenced by oral health, including type II diabetes, heart disease, and atherosclerosis. Thus, assessments of oral health, called oral screenings, have a significant role in assessing risk of disease, managing disease, and even improving disease by oral care. Here we present a method to assess oral health quickly and consistently across time. The protocol is simple enough for non-oral health professionals such as students, family, and caregivers. Useful for any age of patient, the method is particularly key for older individuals who are often at risk of inflammation and chronic disease. Components of the method include existing oral health assessment scales and inventories, which are combined to produce a comprehensive assessment of oral health. Thus, oral characteristics assessed include intraoral and extraoral structures, soft and hard tissues, natural and artificial teeth, plaque, oral functions such as swallowing, and the impact this oral health status has on the patient&#39;s quality of life. Advantages of this method include its inclusion of measures and perceptions of both the observer and patient, and its ability to track changes in oral health over time. Results acquired are quantitative totals of questionnaire and oral screening items, which can be summed for an oral health status score. The scores of successive oral screenings can be used to track the progression of oral health across time and guide recommendations for both oral and overall health care.

The goal of this protocol is to enable non-dental professionals to assess oral health status for research or health-screening purposes. Aspects assessed include lips, tongue, soft and hard tissues, natural and artificial teeth, oral cleanliness, plaque, swallowing, and impact of oral health on quality of life.

노인을위한 평신도 직원에 의한 구강 건강 평가

Oral health is an often-undervalued contributor to overall health. The literature, however, underscores the myriad of systemic diseases influenced by oral ...