Name: physical, chemical and biological characterization of six biochars produced for the remediation of contaminated sites
Uploaded: 2014-11-28T15:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 9 min 39 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Physical, Chemical and Biological Characterization of Six Biochars Produced for the Remediation of Contaminated Sites at JoVE.com

This work was funded by the Government of Canada&#8217;s Federal Economic Development Agency (FedDev) Applied Research and Commercialization Extension to Queen&#8217;s University (Dr. Allison Rutter and Dr. Darko Matovic). Sincerest thank you to Burt&#8217;s Greenhouses (Odessa, ON) for providing the biochars. Special thanks to Yuxing Cui of the CBRN Protection Group at RMC and staff of the ASU and Zeeb Lab for their ongoing support.

The authors declare that they have no competing financial interests.

프로토콜에 나열된 모든 방법은 신중하게 검증 및 토양 널리 사용되어왔다. Biochar라고 특성이 아직 초기 단계로서, 탄소가 풍부한 기판이 방법의 효과는 크게 알려지지 않았다. 이러한 방법 자체가 새로운 것은 아니지만 따라서, 정기적으로 Biochar라고 특성을 그들의 응용 프로그램입니다. 품질 보증 / 품질 제어의 측면에서, 검출 한계 이하로되는 공백이나 표준 기준 재료에 대한 정확한 인 회수?...

Biochar라고는 유기 물질 (1)의 열분해시 생성되는 탄소가 풍부한 부산물이다. 볼거리 모두 공개적 학업, 토양에 Biochar라고 추가로, 토질과 식물 성장 (2, 3)을 개선하는 능력에서 유래, 지속 폐기물을 동시에 제공하는 대안 동안 탄소 4 및 SORB 해로운 오염 물질 2, 3, 5-7를 격리시키는 열분해에 의해 관리 및 에너지 생산. Biochars는 다른 열분해 시스템을 통해 전세계 수많은 기업과 조직에 의해 생산되고있다. Biochar라고 생산을 위해 사용되는 물질은 우드 칩, 동물 분뇨 및 건설 폐기물 하나를 포함 (이에 제한되지 않음). 이러한 차이 때문에, 기판을 향상 장기 안정성을 증진 및 흡착 성능을 향상시킬 수있는 능력을 biochars &#39;물리 화학적 특성을 변화시키고 것으로 예상된다. 또한, 열분해 과정 Biochar라고 엄마Y는 실수로 오염 된 원료 또는 부적절한 열분해 조건의 결과로 금속, PAHs의 PCBs에 오염된다. 따라서 Biochar라고는 토양 개량제로 환경에 대규모로인가되기 전에, 국제 Biochar라고 이니셔티브 제안한 오염, 비 표면적, 양이온 교환 용량, 지렁이 회피 발아 및 타인 Biochar라고 조심 특성화 (IBI) 수행해야합니다. 2013 년, 최초의 표준화 된 제품 정의 및 Biochar라고 물리적, 화학적 특성에 대한 표준을 설정 Biochar라고, 대한 제품 시험 가이드 라인, 출판 공개적으로 이용할 수있게했다. 연구 오데사 상업 온실에서 생산 된 Biochar라고 보여 주었다, ON, 캐나다는 상당히 강렬하게 성능이 저하 된 토양과 흡착하다 잔류성 유기 오염 물질 등의 PCB를 2, 3 등 (잔류성 유기 오염 물질)에서 식물의 성장을 향상시킬 수있는 능력을 가지고 있습니다.이 Biochar라고 세에서 생산 된발생 된 열은 겨울 동안 온실 동작을 따뜻하게하는 데 사용되는 보일러 시스템을 통해 다른 원료 (즉, 유기물 소스). 본 연구는 특성화 매스 보일러 Biochar라고의 생산 관련 데이터, 및 토양 개량제 Biochar라고의 용도를 제공한다. 이 연구의 목적은 철저하게 물리적, 화학적 및 표준화 된 제품 정의 및 제품 시험 가이드 라인 (버전 1.1) (2013)에 IBI가 설정 한 기준에 따라 여섯 biochars의 생물학적 특성을 특성화하는 것입니다. 이러한 특성은 농업 개정으로 각 Biochar라고의 성능과 오염 물질을 흡착 될 수있는 능력에, 가능한 경우, 연결됩니다.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Biochar</td><td>Burt&#039;s Greenhouses</td><td></td><td>All six biochars were produced at Burt&#039;s Greenhouses via BlueFlame Boiler system</td></tr><tr><td>NaOAc</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>E124-4</td><td>Dissolving 136.08 g of NaOAC&lt;sup&gt;.&lt;/sup&gt;3H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O in 750 ml distilled, deionized water (DDI water)</td></tr><tr><td>Acetic Acid</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>A38-212</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sodium Hydroxide</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>SS284-1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Isopropanol</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>A416P4</td><td>80% IPA: 800 ml IPA with 200 ml DDI water.</td></tr><tr><td>NH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;Cl</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>A649500</td><td>Dissolving 5.35 g NH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;Cl into 1 L DDI water.&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>Alumminum Drying Pan</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>08-732-110</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Drying Oven</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>508N0024</td><td>200 &amp;deg;C for 2 hr.</td></tr><tr><td>Desiccator</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>08-595A</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Balance</td><td>Mettler</td><td>1113032410</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Saturating Solution</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>06-664-25</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Vortex</td><td>Barnstead/Thermolyne</td><td>871000536389&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Centrifuge</td><td>International Equipment Company</td><td>24372808</td><td>3,000 x g for 5 min.</td></tr><tr><td>Rinsing Solution</td><td>Fisher Scientific (Ricca Chemistry Company)</td><td>06-664-24</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Conductivity Meter</td><td>WESCAN</td><td>88298</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Replacing Solution</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>06-664-24</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>ICP-AES</td><td>Varian</td><td>EL00053841</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>ASAP 2000 Surface Area Analyser&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Cavlon</td><td>885</td><td>Degassing at 120 &amp;deg;C for a minimum of 2 hr.</td></tr><tr><td>Muffle Furnace</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>806N0024</td><td>Heat for 16 hr covering at 420 &amp;deg;C.</td></tr><tr><td>pH Meter</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>1230185263</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sieve</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>2288926</td><td>4.7 mm sieve being at the top.</td></tr><tr><td>Sieve Skaker</td><td>Meinzer II</td><td>0414-02</td><td>Shake for 10 min.</td></tr><tr><td>Sodium Sulphate</td><td>VWR</td><td>EM-SX0761-5</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ottawa Sand</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>S23-3</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Soxhlet Apparatus</td><td>Fisher Scientific (Pyrex)</td><td>09-557A</td><td>4&amp;nbsp;hr at 4&amp;ndash;6&amp;nbsp;cycles/hr.</td></tr><tr><td>DCBP</td><td>Suprlco Analytical</td><td>48318&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Dichloromethane</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>40042-40855-U</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>6890 Plus Gas Chromatograph Micro 63 Ni ECD</td><td>Agilent</td><td>US00034778</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Helium</td><td>AlphaGaz</td><td>SPG-NIT1AL50SMART</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nitrogen</td><td>AlphaGaz</td><td>SPG-HEL1AL50SMART</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Mortor and Pestle</td><td>Fisher Scientific (CoorsTeh)</td><td>12-948G</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nitric Acid</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>351288212</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>No. 40 Filter Paper</td><td>Fisher Scientific (Whatman)</td><td>09-845A</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Quartz/Nickel weigh boats</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>11-474-210</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>DMA-80</td><td>ATS Scientific</td><td>5090264</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>98&amp;#8211;99% Formic Acid</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>33015-1L</td><td>1 L volumetric filled to 750 ml with DDI water add 20 ml formic acid and fill to volume with DDI water.</td></tr><tr><td>Sonicator</td><td>Fisher Sientific</td><td>15338284</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Rotating Shaker</td><td>New Brunswick Scientific (Innova 2100)</td><td>14-278-108</td><td>1 hr at 200 rpm.</td></tr><tr><td>No. 42 Filter Paper</td><td>Fisher Scientific (Whatman)</td><td>09-855A</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>WhirlPacks</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>R55048</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Potassium Dihydrogen Orthophospahte</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>181525</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2 M KCl</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>P282100</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Plastic Vials</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>03-337-20</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ammonium Chloride</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>PX05115</td><td>Allow to warm up to room temperature</td></tr><tr><td>Colour Reagent</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>361028260</td><td>Allow to warm up to room temperature</td></tr><tr><td>Colorimeter</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>13-642-400</td><td>Turn on to let the lamp warm up and run for 5 min.</td></tr><tr><td>ASEAL Auto Analyzer 2</td><td>SEAL</td><td>4723A12068</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Liquified Phenol</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>MPX05115</td><td>Alkaline Phenol: Measure 87 ml of liquefied phenol into 1-L volumetric filled 2/3 with DDI water. Add 34 g NaOH, make up to volume with DDI water.</td></tr><tr><td>NaOH</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>S318-3</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Commercial Bleach</td><td>Retail Store</td><td></td><td>Hypochlorite Solution: Using 100-ml graduated cylinder measure 31.5 ml of commercial bleach and fill to 100 ml with DDI water.</td></tr><tr><td>NaOH Pellets</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>S320-1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Disodium EDTA</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>E5124</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sodium Hyprchlorite</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>SS290-1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Triton (10%)</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>BP151-100</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sodium Nitroprusside</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>S350-100</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ammonium Salts</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>A637-10</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Phenoxide</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>AC388611000</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Eisenia Fetida</td><td>The Worm Factory</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Spade</td><td>Retail Store</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Bucket</td><td>Retail Store</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Potting Soil</td><td>Retail Store</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Avoidance Wheel</td><td>Environment Canada</td><td></td><td>Constructed by a modified design from Environment Canada&amp;rsquo;s Acute Avoidance Test.</td></tr><tr><td>Alumminum Foil</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>01-213-100</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Petri Dishes</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>08-757-11</td><td>8.5 cm in diameter.</td></tr><tr><td>Pumpkin Seeds</td><td>Ontario Seed Company (OSC)</td><td>2055</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Alfalpha Seeds</td><td>Ontario Seed Company (OSC)</td><td>6675</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Centrifuge Tubes (30 ml)</td><td>Fisher Scientific&amp;nbsp;</td><td>22-038-906</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Beakers (50&amp;nbsp;ml)</td><td>Fisher Scientific (Pyrex)</td><td>02-540G</td><td>Oven dry at 105 &amp;#176;C.</td></tr><tr><td>Beakers (30&amp;nbsp;ml)</td><td>Fisher Scientific (Pyrex)</td><td>20-540C</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Erlenmeyer Flasks (125&amp;nbsp;ml)</td><td>Fisher Scientific (Pyrex)</td><td>S76106C</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Volumetric Flask (100&amp;nbsp;ml)</td><td>Fisher Scientific (Pyrex)</td><td>10-211C</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Estuarine Sediment</td><td>National Insititute of Standards</td><td>1546A</td><td>Standard Reference Material</td></tr><tr><td>Bleach</td><td>Clorox Ultra (5&amp;#8211;10% sodium hypochlorite)</td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

physical, chemical and biological characterization of six biochars produced for the remediation of contaminated sites

Biochar라고의 물리적, 화학적 특성은 그것이 가능한 특정 기능 (예를 들어 탄소 격리, 토양 품질 개선, 또는 오염 물질 흡착)와 biochars을 설계 할 수있게, 공급 원료 소스와 생산 조건에 따라 달라집니다. 2013 년, 국제 Biochar라고 이니셔티브 (IBI)는 자신의 표준화 된 제품 정의 및 Biochar라고에 대한 물리적, 화학적 특성에 대한 표준을 설정 제품 시험 가이드 라인 (버전 1.1) 공개적으로 사용할. 세 가지 원료로부터 두 온도에서 이루어 식스 biochars은 토양 개량제로서의 용도에 관한 특성을 분석 하였다. 프로토콜은 원료 및 biochars의 분석을 설명하고 포함 양이온 교환 용량 (CEC), 비 표면적 (SSA), 유기 탄소 (OC) 및 수분 함유율, 산도, 입자 크기 분포, 및 근접하게하고 궁극적 분석. 또한 원료 및 Biochar라고의 분석은 프로토콜에 설명다환 방향족 탄화수소 (PAHs에), 폴리 염화 비 페닐 (PCB를), 금속 수은뿐만 아니라 영양분 (질소, 인, 아질산 및 질산 암모늄)을 포함한 오염 물질의. 프로토콜은 생물학적 시험 절차, 지렁이 회피 및 발아 분석을 포함한다. 품질 보증 / 품질 관리 (QA / QC) 공백, 중복, 표준 및 표준 물질의 결과를 바탕으로, 모든 방법 Biochar라고 및 원료 재료와 함께 사용하기에 적합 결정 하였다. 모든 원료는 biochars 및 IBI 의해 설정된 기준 내에서 잘되었고 건설 폐기물로부터 제조 Biochar라고의 경우를 제외 biochars 간의 작은 차이가 있었다. (오래 Biochar라고 라 함)이 Biochar라고 비소, 크롬, 구리, 납과의 상승 된 수준을 갖는 것으로 판정이고, 지렁이 회피 발아 분석법 실패. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로, 오래 Biochar라고 탄소 초간 토양 개량제로서 사용하기에 적합하지 않을 것equestration, 기판 품질 개선 또는 치료.

IBI (13)에 의해 설정된 기준에 대한 비교를 포함하는 모든 결과의 요약은 표 1 (요약), 2 (신규, 고, 저, 세 번째 공급 원료 및 High-2 biochars), 3 (올드 Biochar라고)에서 찾을 수 있습니다. 2012 년과 2013 년 (표 2)에 사용 된 모든 biochars 및 공급 원료는 IBI가 설정 한 기준 내에서 잘했고 biochars 사이에 약간의 차이가 있었다. 오래 Biochar라고 (표 3...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Physical, Chemical and Biological Characterization of Six Biochars Produced for the Remediation of Contaminated Sites at JoVE.com

Physical, Chemical and Biological Characterization of Six Biochars Produced for the Remediation of Contaminated Sites

Biochar라고는 지속 기판 품질 SORB 오염물을, 탄소를 개선하는 능력을 가진 토양 개량제로서 사용되는 탄소 리치 물질이다. 이 프로토콜은 환경에서 이러한 개정의 대규모 구현하기 전에 필요 Biochar라고의 특성, 사용 (17) 분석 방법에 대해 설명합니다.

물리, 화학에 대한 생산 식스 Biochars의 생물학적 특성 오염 된 사이트의 재조정

The physical and chemical properties of biochar vary based on feedstock sources and production conditions, making it possible to engineer biochars with ...

physical-chemical-biological-characterization-six-biochars-produced

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35.0K 조회수.  Royal Military College of Canada.  Biochar라고는 지속 기판 품질 SORB 오염물을, 탄소를 개선하는 능력을 가진 토양 개량제로서 사용되는 탄소 리치 물질이다. 이 프로토콜은 환경에서 이러한 개정의 대규모 구현하기 전에 필요 Biochar라고의 특성, 사용 (17) 분석 방법에 대해 설명합니다. 

비디오: Physical, Chemical and Biological Characterization of Six Biochars Produced for the Remediation of Contaminated Sites

Single-plant, Sterile Microcosms for Nodulation and Growth of the Legume Plant Medicago truncatula with the Rhizobial Symbiont Sinorhizobium meliloti

Rhizobial bacteria form symbiotic, nitrogen-fixing nodules on the roots of compatible host legume plants. One of the most well-developed model systems for studying these interactions is the plant Medicago truncatula cv. Jemalong A17 and the rhizobial bacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti 1021. Repeated imaging of plant roots and scoring of symbiotic phenotypes requires methods that are non-destructive to either plants or bacteria. The symbiotic phenotypes of some plant and bacterial mutants become apparent after relatively short periods of growth, and do not require long-term observation of the host/symbiont interaction. However, subtle differences in symbiotic efficiency and nodule senescence phenotypes that are not apparent in the early stages of the nodulation process require relatively long growth periods before they can be scored. Several methods have been developed for long-term growth and observation of this host/symbiont pair. However, many of these methods require repeated watering, which increases the possibility of contamination by other microbes. Other methods require a relatively large space for growth of large numbers of plants. The method described here, symbiotic growth of M. truncatula/S. meliloti in sterile, single-plant microcosms, has several advantages. Plants in these microcosms have sufficient moisture and nutrients to ensure that watering is not required for up to 9 weeks, preventing cross-contamination during watering. This allows phenotypes to be quantified that might be missed in short-term growth systems, such as subtle delays in nodule development and early nodule senescence. Also, the roots and nodules in the microcosm are easily viewed through the plate lid, so up-rooting of the plants for observation is not required.

Single-plant, Sterile Microcosms for Nodulation and Growth of the Legume Plant Medicago truncatula with the Rhizobial Symbiont Sinorhizobium meliloti

Growth of Medicago truncatula plants in symbiosis with the nitrogen-fixing bacteria Sinorhizobium meliloti in individual, sterile microcosms made from standard laboratory plates permits frequent examination of root systems and nodules without compromising sterility. Plants can be maintained in these growth chambers for up to 9 weeks.

유괴와 콩과 식물의 성장을위한 단일 공장, 무균 소우주<em&gt; 개자리 truncatula</em&gt; Rhizobi​​al 공생과<em&gt; Sinorhizobi​​um meliloti</em

Rhizobial  bacteria form symbiotic, nitrogen-fixing nodules on the roots of compatible host  legume plants.  One  of the most well-developed model systems ...

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환경과학

Evaluation of Integrated Anaerobic Digestion and Hydrothermal Carbonization for Bioenergy Production

Lignocellulosic biomass is one of the most abundant yet underutilized renewable energy resources. Both anaerobic digestion (AD) and hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) are promising technologies for bioenergy production from biomass in terms of biogas and HTC biochar, respectively. In this study, the combination of AD and HTC is proposed to increase overall bioenergy production. Wheat straw was anaerobically digested in a novel upflow anaerobic solid state reactor (UASS) in both mesophilic (37 &#176;C) and thermophilic (55 &#176;C) conditions. Wet digested from thermophilic AD was hydrothermally carbonized at 230 &#176;C for 6 hr for HTC biochar production. At thermophilic temperature, the UASS system yields an average of 165 LCH4/kgVS&#160;(VS: volatile solids) and 121 L CH4/kgVS&#160;at mesophilic AD over the continuous operation of 200 days. Meanwhile, 43.4 g of HTC biochar with 29.6 MJ/kgdry_biochar was obtained from HTC of 1 kg digestate (dry basis) from mesophilic AD. The combination of AD and HTC, in this particular set of experiment yield 13.2 MJ of energy per 1 kg of dry wheat straw, which is at least 20% higher than HTC alone and 60.2% higher than AD only.

A novel Upflow Anaerobic Solid State (UASS) reactor was used for biogas production from fibrous feedstock. Digestate from UASS reactor was hydrothermally carbonized into HTC biochar in a pressurized batch reactor. The integration of the two bioenergy concepts was applied in this study to increase overall bioenergy production.

바이오 에너지 생산을위한 통합 혐기성 소화 및 열수 탄화의 평가

Lignocellulosic biomass is one of the most abundant yet underutilized renewable energy resources. Both anaerobic digestion (AD) and hydrothermal ...

Physical Isolation of Endospores from Environmental Samples by Targeted Lysis of Vegetative Cells

Endospore formation is a survival strategy found among some bacteria from the phylum Firmicutes. During endospore formation, these bacteria enter a morpho-physiological resting state that enhances survival under adverse environmental conditions. Even though endospore-forming Firmicutes are one of the most frequently enriched and isolated bacterial groups in culturing studies, they are often absent from diversity studies based on molecular methods. The resistance of the spore core is considered one of the factors limiting the recovery of DNA from endospores. We developed a method that takes advantage of the higher resistance of endospores to separate them from other cells in a complex microbial community using physical, enzymatic and chemical lysis methods. The endospore-only preparation thus obtained can be used for re-culturing or to perform downstream analysis such as tailored DNA extraction optimized for endospores and subsequent DNA sequencing. This method, applied to sediment samples, has allowed the enrichment of endospores and after sequencing, has revealed a large diversity of endospore-formers in freshwater lake sediments. We expect that the application of this method to other samples will yield a similar outcome.

A method to single out bacterial endospores from complex microbial communities was developed to perform tailored culture or molecular studies of this group of bacteria.

식물 세포의 표적으로 용해하여 환경 시료에서 내생 포자의 물리적 분리

Endospore formation is a survival strategy found among some bacteria from the phylum Firmicutes. During endospore formation, these bacteria enter a ...

Characterization and Application of Passive Samplers for Monitoring of Pesticides in Water

Five different water passive samplers were calibrated under laboratory conditions for measurement of 124 legacy and current used pesticides. This study provides a protocol for the passive sampler preparation, calibration, extraction method and instrumental analysis. Sampling rates (RS) and passive sampler-water partition coefficients (KPW) were calculated for silicone rubber, polar organic chemical integrative sampler POCIS-A, POCIS-B, SDB-RPS and C18 disk. The uptake of the selected compounds depended on their physicochemical properties, i.e., silicone rubber showed a better uptake for more hydrophobic compounds (log octanol-water partition coefficient (KOW) &#62; 5.3), whereas POCIS-A, POCIS-B and SDB-RPS disk were more suitable for hydrophilic compounds (log KOW &#60; 0.70).

A protocol about the characterization and application of five different passive sampling devices is presented.

물에 농약의 모니터링을위한 특성화 및 패시브 샘플러의 응용 프로그램

Five different water passive samplers were calibrated under laboratory conditions for measurement of 124 legacy and current used pesticides. This study ...

Characterization, Quantification and Compound-specific Isotopic Analysis of Pyrogenic Carbon Using Benzene Polycarboxylic Acids (BPCA)

Fire-derived, pyrogenic carbon (PyC), sometimes called black carbon (BC), is the carbonaceous solid residue of biomass and fossil fuel combustion, such as char and soot. PyC is ubiquitous in the environment due to its long persistence, and its abundance might even increase with the projected increase in global wildfire activity and the continued burning of fossil fuel. PyC is also increasingly produced from the industrial pyrolysis of organic wastes, which yields charred soil amendments (biochar). Moreover, the emergence of nanotechnology may also result in the release of PyC-like compounds to the environment. It is thus a high priority to reliably detect, characterize and quantify these charred materials in order to investigate their environmental properties and to understand their role in the carbon cycle.
Here, we present the benzene polycarboxylic acid (BPCA) method, which allows the simultaneous assessment of PyC&#39;s characteristics, quantity and isotopic composition (13C and 14C) on a molecular level. The method is applicable to a very wide range of environmental sample materials and detects PyC over a broad range of the combustion continuum, i.e., it is sensitive to slightly charred biomass as well as high temperature chars and soot. The BPCA protocol presented here is simple to employ, highly reproducible, as well as easily extendable and modifiable to specific requirements. It thus provides a versatile tool for the investigation of PyC in various disciplines, ranging from archeology and environmental forensics to biochar and carbon cycling research.

Characterization, Quantification and Compound-specific Isotopic Analysis of Pyrogenic Carbon Using Benzene Polycarboxylic Acids BPCA

We present the benzene polycarboxylic acid (BPCA) method for assessing pyrogenic carbon (PyC) in the environment. The compound-specific approach uniquely provides simultaneous information about the characteristics, quantity and isotopic composition (13C and 14C) of PyC.

특성, 벤젠 폴리 카르 복실 산을 사용하여 발열 성 탄소의 정량 및 화합물 특정 동위 원소 분석 (BPCA)

Fire-derived, pyrogenic carbon (PyC), sometimes called black carbon (BC), is the carbonaceous solid residue of biomass and fossil fuel combustion, such as ...

화학

대형 Biochar 가마 운영 및 모범 사례 구현

Big Box Biochar Kiln Operation and Best Practices

Big Box biochar kilns are an alternative to open pile burning that allows for in-woods biochar production in a simple metal box with no moving parts. This approach is based on technology used by charcoal makers for centuries but with a modern, mechanized approach. A mini-excavator or other piece of machinery is used to load, tend, and empty the kilns. This article will outline Big Box biochar kiln best practices, including the design, transportation, placement, loading, lighting, quenching, and dumping procedures for beginners developing their own Big Box biochar kiln programs. 
Biochar production requires a low oxygen burning environment, and the Big Box kilns use a flame-cap (sometimes referred to as a flame-curtain) method to burn material with limited smoke production. These kilns have been designed to be easily transferred to the site using an adequately rated trailer. A mini-excavator or other piece of machinery is used to load, tend, and empty the kilns. The author is not aware of a more accessible means for people to sequester durable carbon on the farm, ranch, or in the backyard. This article outlines Big Box biochar kiln best practices, including the design, transportation, placement, loading, lighting, quenching, and dumping procedures for beginners developing their own Big Box biochar kiln programs.

Big Box Biochar 가마 설치 Biochar 생산용

The Utah Biomass Resources Group (UBRG) has scaled-up simple biochar kilns in an innovative approach to hazardous fuel reduction and biochar production using metal boxes, called Big Box kilns, that allow for in-woods biochar production. This article outlines Big Box biochar kiln operation and best practices.

빅 박스 Biochar 가마 작동 및 모범 사례

Big Box biochar kilns are an alternative to open pile burning that allows for in-woods biochar production in a simple metal box with no moving parts. This ...

현장 Biochar 생산을 통한 탄소 격리 및 토양 개선

Producing, Characterizing and Quantifying Biochar in the Woods Using Portable Flame Cap Kilns

One of the biggest challenges in utilizing non-commercial forest biomass is its widely distributed nature. The best solution to the biomass problem, to avoid expensive and carbon-intensive processing (chipping) and transportation costs, is to process it onsite. However, conventional burn piles have destructive impacts on forest soil and provide no benefits other than fuel reduction. Converting forest slash to biochar onsite has many ecological advantages over the current practice of slash disposal by incineration in burn piles, including reduced soil heating and particulate emissions, along with multiple benefits of the biochar to forest soil health and water holding capacity when left in place. Making biochar onsite in the woods is a way to return a pyrogenic carbon component to forest soils that has been missing due to the recent history of fire suppression. Biochar is also a leading method of carbon removal and sequestration for climate change mitigation. In this study, we document a method for making biochar using a portable biochar kiln. This low-cost method utilizes hand crews equipped with water for quenching kilns before the biochar burns to ash. Simple techniques for quantifying and characterizing the biochar produced are incorporated into the method for the purpose of measuring impact and qualifying for carbon removal certificates to help pay for the cost of the work. We describe the CM002 Component Methodology that provides standardized procedures for the quantification of GHG benefits during three stages of the process: waste biomass sourcing, biochar production, and biochar soil application. The CM002 Methodology is based on international best practices, including the most recent VCS methodology VM0044 Standards and EBC C-Sink Artisan Standards. Reliable quantification methods utilizing appropriate safety factors are the first essential step toward eligibility for carbon removal finance.

저자 스포트라이트: 임업의 목질 잔해 소각을 위한 현장 Biochar 생산 

New methods for disposing of forestry slash piles in place produce pyrogenic carbon for restoring forest soil health and for carbon removal and sequestration. Here, we present a biochar production method integrating a new carbon removal accounting methodology and a digital application.

휴대용 화염 캡 가마를 사용하여 숲에서 바이오 숯을 생산, 특성화 및 정량화합니다.

One of the biggest challenges in utilizing non-commercial forest biomass is its widely distributed nature. The best solution to the biomass problem, to ...

물리, 화학에 대한 생산 식스 Biochars의 생물학적 특성 오염 된 사이트의 재조정

요약

더 많은 비디오 탐색

이 비디오의 챕터

유괴와 콩과 식물의 성장을위한 단일 공장, 무균 소우주

바이오 에너지 생산을위한 통합 혐기성 소화 및 열수 탄화의 평가

식물 세포의 표적으로 용해하여 환경 시료에서 내생 포자의 물리적 분리

물에 농약의 모니터링을위한 특성화 및 패시브 샘플러의 응용 프로그램

특성, 벤젠 폴리 카르 복실 산을 사용하여 발열 성 탄소의 정량 및 화합물 특정 동위 원소 분석 (BPCA)

빅 박스 Biochar 가마 작동 및 모범 사례

빅 박스 Biochar 가마 작동 및 모범 사례

빅 박스 Biochar 가마 작동 및 모범 사례

휴대용 화염 캡 가마를 사용하여 숲에서 바이오 숯을 생산, 특성화 및 정량화합니다.

휴대용 화염 캡 가마를 사용하여 숲에서 바이오 숯을 생산, 특성화 및 정량화합니다.