This work was funded by National Health and Medical Research Project Grant APP1021582 and a Hunter Medical Research Institute grant sponsored by Sparke Helmore/NBN Triathlon and the Estate of the late Leslie Kenneth McFarlane.

이 프로토콜의 모든 동물의 작업 절차를 승인 뉴캐슬 동물 윤리위원회의 대학 엄격하게 준수하여 수행됩니다. 악기, 문화 미디어와 요리 1. 준비 <ol><li> 37 미리 따뜻한 미디어 199 (TC199) 또는 둘 베코의 수정 독수리 중간 (DMEM)는 미디어 기음. 사전 네이트 95 %, O2 / 5 % CO 2로 버블 링하여 매체. 매체가 7.3의 최종 pH가 있는지 확인합니다. </li><li> 각 주머니 두 5cm 섹션을 절단하여 봉합을 준비합니다. 루프 닫히지 않은 매듭에 봉합. </li></ol> 2. 해부 및 위장관의 제조 <ol><li> 안락사 전에 고체 음식을 12 시간 인출. 원하는 경우,이 기간 동안 영양 젤 보충에 동물을 배치합니다. </li><li> 나트륨 펜토 바르비 과다 복용에 의한 쥐를 안락사 ([200 ㎎ / ㎏, 복강 내 주사) 기관 윤리 프로토에 따라 자궁 경부 전위 다음COLS는 복부와 흉부에 70 % 에탄올을 스프레이. </li><li> 가위 사용하여 복부의 중앙에 수평 절개를하고 복막을 노출. </li><li> 분리 유문 괄약근의 위의 상부 소장을 절단하고 항문에서 대장을 절단하여 위장관을 제거하기 위해 진행합니다. 부드럽게 장간막을 제거하기 위해 집게를 사용합니다. 미리 예열, 산소 매체의 창자를 놓습니다. </li><li> 소장의 부분을 식별하는 투과성 (그림 1)에 대한 평가 및 장관의 나머지에서 무료로이 부분을 절단한다. <ol><li> 동물 사이의 일관성을 유지 위장, 십이지장 및 소장의 상대적인 부분을 측정하고, 맹장 및 결장 회장 상대적인 부분을 측정하기 위해. </li><li> 조직 세그먼트를 선택하는 경우, 이러한 패치 파이어 등 점막 - 관련 림프 조직의 존재를 참고. 이러한 작은 끄덕임으로 식별 될 수있다루멘의 장막 측 ules. </li><li> 1 ML의 주사기를 사용하여 부드럽게 예열 PBS (37 ° C)와 페트리 접시에 장 세그먼트의 내강 내용을 세척하십시오. 이 대변 내용에 폐기되거나 저장 될 수 -80 원하는대로 향후 분석을 위해 C를 °. </li></ol></li></ol> 장내 주머 니나 3. 준비 <ol><li> 시험 화합물 또는 분자의 300 μL 부피 1 mL를 주사기를 준비한다. 점막의 무결성, FITC - 덱스 트란 M.Wt.의 1 ㎎ / ㎖ 솔루션 4400이 사용될 수있다. 4,400-70,000 다에서 크기에 이르기까지 프로브가 증가 감도를 사용할 수있다. 안전하게 주사기에 작은 동물 혈관 카테터를 장착한다. </li><li> 장 세그먼트의 오프닝에서 5cm 측정 및 세그먼트를 묶어 안전하게이 시점에서 봉합 루프로 마감했다. 조심스럽게 소장의 개구부 주위에 미리 연결 봉합 루프를 배치하고 무딘 카테터를 삽입합니다. 장 세그먼트를 확보 할 수 있도록 폐쇄 올가미를 당겨모든 용액을 주입 보장, 소장에 주사기에서 300 μl의 볼륨을 놓습니다. </li><li> 동시에 장 낭의 폐쇄를 고정 봉합 올가미를 잡아 당기면서 부드럽게 카테터를 제거합니다. 소장에서 느슨한 장 주머니를 잘라 37로 예열 산소 매체의 20 ㎖로 가득 50 ML 원뿔 관에 배치 기음. </li></ol> 투수 4. 측정 <ol><li> 가열 된 물을 욕조에 장 주머니를 포함 장소 원뿔 튜브는 37로 설정 기음. 0, 30, 60, 90 및 120 분의 시점에서, 각각의 인스턴스에 신선한 매체와 함께 100 ㎕의 부피를 대체하는 96 웰 플레이트 원뿔 튜브 및 전송에서 100 μL 샘플을 취할. </li><li> 최종 샘플을 취한 후, 점막 표면을 노출시키는, 봉합사 시점과 세그먼트의 길이 아래로 열린 주머니를 잘랐다. </li><li> 각 장 세그먼트의 길이 및 폭을 측정한다. 다목적 경우빨강, 스냅 -80에서 세그먼트 저장을 동결 분자 분석을위한 RNA 안정화 용액에서 단백질 또는 생화학 적 분석, 또는 대안 적으로, 상점에 대한 C를 °. </li><li> 1 1 × 10 -6까지 FITC-태그 분자 로그 희석의 표준 곡선을 구축합니다. </li><li> 형광 플레이트 리더에 FITC에 대한 측정 시료와 표준, FITC 여기 / 방출 / 519 내지 495 나노 미터. </li></ol> 각 개인 소장 골목에 대한 명백한 투수 5. 계산 <ol><li> 초에 시간 단위로 변환합니다. </li><li> 각 타임 포인트에 대한 누적 농도, Q를 계산할 Q의 t = (C t의 *의 V r에) + (Q t 합 * V s의), 장소 : Q의 t = 시간 t에서 누적 농도 C의 t = 시간 t에서의 농도 수신 측에서 V의 R = 볼륨 이전의 모든 Q의 t의 Q T는 합계 = 합계 V S =볼륨 샘플링 </li><li> 플롯 시간 (T) 대 Q 및 기울기를 계산 : δQ / ΔT </li><li> 명백한 투과성을 계산 (P 응용 프로그램) P 앱 = (δQ / ΔT) / (A * 공동), 장소 : 조직의 면적 A = C 0 = 초기 농도 </li></ol>

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저자는 더 경쟁 재정적 이해 관계가 없음을 선언합니다.

여기서는 점막 장벽 기능 생체을 평가 단리 장내 주머니의 제조 상세한있다. 소장 SAC 제제는 주로 소장 전체 후보 약물의 흡수를 시험하는 제약 연구에서 사용되어왔다. 그러나 이러한 분석은 동일하게 장 질환의 연구를 위해 적합하다. 지역 및 투과성의 사이트에 특정 평가에 따라 크게 다를 수 있습니다 장 투과성은 소화 질환 점막의 무결성의 지역 중요성에 대한 이해를 할 수 있습니다....

위장관 장 상피 장벽 인간 성인 400 평방 미터로 추정 점막 표면적이다. 따라서, 지속적 미생물 섭취 약물, 영양분 및 박테리아 독소의 도전에 노출된다. 호스트는 허용 공생 박테리아 병원균 구분하지해야하지만 동시에 영양소 흡수를 허용하면서, 상피 장벽을 넘어에서 이러한 종의 분자 및 분비를 방지한다. 따라서, 장 상피 세포의 역할은 내강 내용 1 선택적 장벽으로 작용한다. 이 구성 적 및 유도 메커니즘이 이루어진 반응 시스템을 통해 생물학적 작용 점막 상피에서 타고난 방어 시스템에 의해 부분적으로 달성된다. 상피 장벽 기능의 상실은 위장관 질환의 특징 인 다수의 병리이다. 생체를상피 장벽 기능의 검사는 추적 분자의 구강 투여 이후 혈청 분석 (3)를 통해 평가 될 수있다. 그러나,이 기술은 장벽 기능 장애의 사이트에 같은 징후를 제공하지 않습니다. 생체 외 및 트랜스 웰 시스템 (3)를 사용하여 각각 챔버 4,5 Ussing transepithelial 저항의 생체 평가에서 일반적으로 상피 장벽 기능의 대리 지표로 사용하지만, 동물 모델 (6)의 기여 질병 생리학 부족합니다. 이 프로토콜에서는 다수의 레벨에서 점막 장벽 기능을 평가하는데 사용될 수있다 장 무결성 및 직접 지역화 평가 수 생체 조직 준비 모델을 설명한다. 중요한 것은,이 방법은 질환의 동물 모델에 적용 할 수 있거나, 또는 그의 약학 적 점막 방벽 기능 부전의 깊이 질의에서 허용하도록 조작 될 수있다.

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	<tbody>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:227px;">Dekantel&#160; Non-absorbable Silk suture</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">Braintree Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">SUT-S 116</td>
			<td style="width:227px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:227px;">Media 199 (TC199)&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">11043-023</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">No phenol red as this interferes with fluorescence</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:227px;">Dulbecco&#39;s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM)</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">21063-045</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">No phenol red as this interferes with fluorescence</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:227px;">N-acetylcysteine</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:227px;"></td>
			<td style="width:227px;">Use at 10mM in media</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:227px;">Small animal vascular cathether: Physiocath</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">Data Sciences International</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">277-1-002</td>
			<td style="width:227px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:227px;">FITC-Dextran 4400 MW</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">FD-4</td>
			<td style="width:227px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:227px;">FITC-Dextran 20,000 MW</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">FD-20</td>
			<td style="width:227px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:227px;">FITC-Dextran 70,000 MW</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">FD-70</td>
			<td style="width:227px;"></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
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ex vivo intestinal sacs to assess mucosal permeability in models of gastrointestinal disease

상피 장벽 위장관 제 타고난 방어 선택적 작은 상피 걸쳐 분자와 거의 상피 고분자 전송 금지의 이동을 제한하는 하부 조직 구획 루멘으로부터 수송을 조절한다. 이 선택은 친 유성 분자 양쪽 정점 수용체 상피 단단한 접합부 단백질 복합체의 전송을 제한 점액 겔 층에 의해 결정된다. 상피 세포의 시험 관내 세포 배양 모델은 편리하지만, 모델, 그들은 부족한 미생물, 점액 젤, 상피 세포와 면역 체계 사이의 상호 작용의 복잡성. 한편, 사이트 특이성 표시없이 장내 흡수 또는 투과율의 생체 내 평가를 수행 할 수 있지만, 이러한 분석은 전체 위장관 흡수를 측정한다. 생체 외 투과 검정을 &quot;장 주머니&quot;를 사용하여; 장 사이트 특이성의 추가적인 장점으로, 전체 장 무결성 또는 특정 분자의 비교 수송를 측정하는 신속하고 민감한 방법입니다. 여기에서 우리는 투과성 연구를위한 장 주머니의 준비 및 명백한 투자율 (P 응용 프로그램)의 계산을 설명 장 장벽을 가로 지르는 분자. 이 기술은 평가 약물 흡수의 방법으로 사용할 수도 있고, 위장관 질환의 동물 모델에서의 지역 상피 장벽 기능 장애를 조사.

이 프로토콜은 위장 질환의 동물 모델에서 장 장벽 기능 지역적 변화를 조사하기 위하여 사용될 수있다. 위장관 (7)의 다양한 영역에서의 점막 표면에 걸쳐 paracellular 프로브의 유량을 측정함으로써, 상피 꽉 접합 무결성을 평가할 수있다. 또한, 크기 (도 2) 또는 소수성 (도 3), 상피 섭동의 정도 또는 점막 겔층의 무결성을 paracellular 프로브?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Ex Vivo Intestinal Sacs to Assess Mucosal Permeability in Models of Gastrointestinal Disease at JoVE.com

Ex Vivo Intestinal Sacs to Assess Mucosal Permeability in Models of Gastrointestinal Disease

This protocol describes the use of excised intestinal tissue preparations or "intestinal sacs" as an ex vivo model of intestinal barrier function. This model may be used to assess integrity of both the epithelial barrier and the mucous gel layer at specific intestinal sites in animal models of digestive disease.

예 생체 내 창자 주머 니나는 위장 질환 모델에서 점막 투과성을 평가하는

The epithelial barrier is the first innate defense of the gastrointestinal tract and selectively regulates transport from the lumen to the underlying ...

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Medicine

Ex Vivo Intestinal Sacs to Assess Mucosal Permeability in Models of Gastrointestinal Disease

20.9K 조회수.  University of Newcastle. This protocol describes the use of excised intestinal tissue preparations or "intestinal sacs" as an ex vivo model of intestinal barrier function. This model may be used to assess integrity of both the epithelial barrier and the mucous gel layer at specific intestinal sites in animal models of digestive disease.

비디오: Ex Vivo Intestinal Sacs to Assess Mucosal Permeability in Models of Gastrointestinal Disease

An in vivo Assay to Test Blood Vessel Permeability

This method is based on the intravenous injection of Evans Blue in mice as the test animal model. Evans blue is a dye that binds albumin. Under physiologic conditions the endothelium is impermeable to albumin, so Evans blue bound albumin remains restricted within blood vessels. In pathologic conditions that promote increased vascular permeability endothelial cells partially lose their close contacts and the endothelium becomes permeable to small proteins such as albumin. This condition allows for extravasation of Evans Blue in tissues. A healthy endothelium prevents extravasation of the dye in the neighboring vascularized tissues. Organs with increased permeability will show significantly increased blue coloration compared to organs with intact endothelium. The level of vascular permeability can be assessed by simple visualization or by quantitative measurement of the dye incorporated per milligram of tissue of control versus experimental animal/tissue. Two powerful aspects of this assay are its simplicity and quantitative characteristics. Evans Blue dye can be extracted from tissues by incubating a specific amount of tissue in formamide. Evans Blue absorbance maximum is at 620 nm and absorbance minimum is at 740 nm. By using a standard curve for Evans Blue, optical density measurements can be converted into milligram dye captured per milligram of tissue. Statistical analysis should be used to assess significant differences in vascular permeability.

An in vivo Assay to Test Blood Vessel Permeability

We are presenting an in vivo assay to test blood vessel permeability. This assay is based on intravenous injection of a dye and subsequent visualization of its diffusion into interstitial spaces.

<em&gt; 생체 내</em혈관 투과율을 테스트하려면&gt; 분석

This method is based on the intravenous injection of Evans Blue in mice as the test animal model. Evans blue is a dye that binds albumin. Under ...

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Gene-environment Interaction Models to Unmask Susceptibility Mechanisms in Parkinson's Disease

Lipoxygenase (LOX) activity has been implicated in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer&#39;s disease, but its effects in Parkinson&#39;s disease (PD) pathogenesis are less understood. Gene-environment interaction models have utility in unmasking the impact of specific cellular pathways in toxicity that may not be observed using a solely genetic or toxicant disease model alone.&#160;To evaluate if distinct LOX isozymes selectively contribute to PD-related neurodegeneration, transgenic (i.e. 5-LOX and 12/15-LOX deficient) mice can be challenged with a toxin that mimics cell injury and death in the disorder.&#160;Here we describe the use of a neurotoxin, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), which produces a nigrostriatal lesion to elucidate the distinct contributions of LOX isozymes to neurodegeneration related to PD. The use of MPTP in mouse, and nonhuman primate, is well-established to recapitulate the nigrostriatal damage in PD.&#160;The extent of MPTP-induced lesioning is measured by HPLC analysis of dopamine and its metabolites and semi-quantitative Western blot analysis of striatum for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the rate-limiting enzyme for the synthesis of dopamine. To assess inflammatory markers, which may demonstrate LOX isozyme-selective sensitivity, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and Iba-1 immunohistochemistry are performed on brain sections containing substantia nigra, and GFAP Western blot analysis is performed on striatal homogenates.&#160;This experimental approach can provide novel insights into gene-environment interactions underlying nigrostriatal degeneration and PD.

Lipoxygenase (LOX) isozymes can generate products that may increase or decrease neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.&#160;A gene-environment interaction study could identify LOX isozyme-specific effects. Using the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) model of nigrostriatal damage in two LOX isozyme-deficient transgenic lines allows for comparison of the contribution of LOX isozymes on dopaminergic integrity and inflammation.

파킨슨 병에서 감수성 메커니즘을 마스크를 해제하는 유전자 환경 상호 작용 모델

Lipoxygenase (LOX) activity has been implicated in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer&#39;s disease, but its effects in Parkinson&#39;s disease ...

Adapting Human Videofluoroscopic Swallow Study Methods to Detect and Characterize Dysphagia in Murine Disease Models

This study adapted human videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) methods for use with murine disease models for the purpose of facilitating translational dysphagia research. Successful outcomes are dependent upon three critical components: test chambers that permit self-feeding while standing unrestrained in a confined space, recipes that mask the aversive taste/odor of commercially-available oral contrast agents, and a step-by-step test protocol that permits quantification of swallow physiology. Elimination of one or more of these components will have a detrimental impact on the study results. Moreover, the energy level capability of the fluoroscopy system will determine which swallow parameters can be investigated. Most research centers have high energy fluoroscopes designed for use with people and larger animals, which results in exceptionally poor image quality when testing mice and other small rodents. Despite this limitation, we have identified seven VFSS parameters that are consistently quantifiable in mice when using a high energy fluoroscope in combination with the new murine VFSS protocol. We recently obtained a low energy fluoroscopy system with exceptionally high imaging resolution and magnification capabilities that was designed for use with mice and other small rodents. Preliminary work using this new system, in combination with the new murine VFSS protocol, has identified 13 swallow parameters that are consistently quantifiable in mice, which is nearly double the number obtained using conventional (i.e., high energy) fluoroscopes. Identification of additional swallow parameters is expected as we optimize the capabilities of this new system. Results thus far demonstrate the utility of using a low energy fluoroscopy system to detect and quantify subtle changes in swallow physiology that may otherwise be overlooked when using high energy fluoroscopes to investigate murine disease models.

This study successfully adapted human videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) methods for use with murine disease models for the purpose of facilitating translational dysphagia research.

인간 Videofluoroscopic 삼키기 연구 방법을 적응하는 것은 검색 및 설치류 질병 모델에서 연하의 특성을

This study adapted human videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) methods for use with murine disease models for the purpose of facilitating ...

An Ex vivo Model to Study Hormone Action in the Human Breast

The study of hormone action in the human breast has been hampered by lack of adequate model systems. Upon in vitro culture, primary mammary epithelial cells tend to lose hormone receptor expression. Widely used hormone receptor positive breast cancer cell lines are of limited relevance to the in vivo situation. Here, we describe an ex vivo model to study hormone action in the human breast. Fresh human breast tissue specimens from surgical discard material such as reduction mammoplasties or mammectomies are mechanically and enzymatically digested to obtain tissue fragments containing ducts and lobules and multiple stromal cell types. These tissue microstructures kept in basal medium without growth factors preserve their intercellular contacts, the tissue architecture, and remain hormone responsive for several days. They are readily processed for RNA and protein extraction, histological analysis or stored in freezing medium. Fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) can be used to enrich for specific cell populations. This protocol provides a straightforward, standard approach for translational studies with highly complex, varied human specimens.

An Ex vivo Model to Study Hormone Action in the Human Breast

We have developed a novel ex vivo model to study hormone action in the human breast. It is based on tissue microstructures isolated from surgical breast tissue specimens which preserve tissue architecture, intercellular interactions, and paracrine signaling.

<em&gt; 생체 내</em&gt; 모델은 인간의 유방암에서 호르몬 행동을 연구하기 위해

The study of hormone action in the human breast has been hampered by lack of adequate model systems. Upon in vitro culture, primary mammary epithelial ...

In Vivo and Ex Vivo Approaches to Study Ovarian Cancer Metastatic Colonization of Milky Spot Structures in Peritoneal Adipose

High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC), the cause of widespread peritoneal metastases, continues to have an extremely poor prognosis; fewer than 30% of women are alive 5 years after diagnosis. The omentum is a preferred site of HGSC metastasis formation. Despite the clinical importance of this microenvironment, the contribution of omental adipose tissue to ovarian cancer progression remains understudied. Omental adipose is unusual in that it contains structures known as milky spots, which are comprised of B, T, and NK cells, macrophages, and progenitor cells surrounding dense nests of vasculature. Milky spots play a key role in the physiologic functions of the omentum, which are required for peritoneal homeostasis. We have shown that milky spots also promote ovarian cancer metastatic colonization of peritoneal adipose, a key step in the development of peritoneal metastases. Here we describe the approaches we developed to evaluate and quantify milky spots in peritoneal adipose and study their functional contribution to ovarian cancer cell metastatic colonization of omental tissues both in vivo and ex vivo. These approaches are generalizable to additional mouse models and cell lines, thus enabling the study of ovarian cancer metastasis formation from initial localization of cells to milky spot structures to the development of widespread peritoneal metastases.

In Vivo and Ex Vivo Approaches to Study Ovarian Cancer Metastatic Colonization of Milky Spot Structures in Peritoneal Adipose

We outline a protocol that implements both in vivo and ex vivo approaches to study ovarian cancer colonization of peritoneal adipose tissues, particularly the omentum. Furthermore, we present a protocol to quantitate and analyze immune cell-structures in the omentum known as milky spots, which promote metastases of peritoneal adipose.

생체 내 및 생체 외 복막 지방이에 밀키 스팟 구조의 난소 암 전이성 식민지를 연구하는 접근 방식

High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC), the cause of widespread peritoneal metastases, continues to have an extremely poor prognosis; fewer than 30% of ...

Use of Ultra-high Field MRI in Small Rodent Models of Polycystic Kidney Disease for In Vivo Phenotyping and Drug Monitoring

Several in vivo pre-clinical studies in Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD) utilize orthologous rodent models to identify and study the genetic and molecular mechanisms responsible for the disease, and are very convenient for rapid drug screening and testing of promising therapies. A limiting factor in these studies is often the lack of efficient non-invasive methods for sequentially analyzing the anatomical and functional changes in the kidney. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the current gold standard imaging technique to follow autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) patients, providing excellent soft tissue contrast and anatomic detail and allowing Total Kidney Volume (TKV) measurements.A major advantage of MRI in rodent models of PKD is the possibility for in vivo imaging allowing for longitudinal studies that use the same animal and therefore reducing the total number of animals required. In this manuscript, we will focus on using Ultra-high field (UHF) MRI to non-invasively acquire in vivo images of rodent models for PKD. The main goal of this work is to introduce the use of MRI as a tool for in vivo phenotypical characterization and drug monitoring in rodent models for PKD.

Use of Ultra-high Field MRI in Small Rodent Models of Polycystic Kidney Disease for In Vivo Phenotyping and Drug Monitoring

The use of ultra-high field MRI as a non-invasive way to obtain phenotypic information of rodent models for polycystic kidney disease and to monitor interventions is described. Compared with the traditional histological approach, MRI images can be acquired in vivo, allowing for longitudinal follow-up.

대한 다낭성 신장 질환의 작은 설치류 모델에서 매우 높은 필드 MRI의 사용<em&gt; 생체</em&gt; 표현형 의약품 모니터링

Several in vivo pre-clinical studies in Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD) utilize orthologous rodent models to identify and study the genetic and molecular ...

Using an Ingestible Telemetric Temperature Pill to Assess Gastrointestinal Temperature During Exercise

Exercise results in an increase in core body temperature (Tc), which may reduce exercise performance and eventually can lead to the development of heat-related disorders. Therefore, accurate measurement of Tc during exercise is of great importance, especially in athletes who have to perform in challenging ambient conditions. In the current literature a number of methods have been described to measure the Tc (esophageal, external tympanic membrane, mouth or rectum). However, these methods are suboptimal to measure Tc during exercise since they are invasive, have a slow response or are influenced by environmental conditions. Studies described the use of an ingestible telemetric temperature pill as a reliable and valid method to assess gastrointestinal temperature (Tgi), which is a representative measurement of Tc. Therefore, the goal of this study was to provide a detailed description of the measurement of Tgi using an ingestible telemetric temperature pill. This study addresses important methodological factors that must be taken into account for an accurate measurement. It is recommended to read the instructions carefully in order to ensure that the ingestible telemetric temperature pill is a reliable method to assess Tgi at rest and during exercise.

This study describes an accurate, reliable and non-invasive technique to continuously measure gastrointestinal temperature during exercise. The ingestible telemetric temperature pill is suitable to measure gastrointestinal temperature in laboratory settings as well as in field based settings.

Exercise results in an increase in core body temperature (Tc), which may reduce exercise performance and eventually can lead to the development of ...

Depletion of Mouse Cells from Human Tumor Xenografts Significantly Improves Downstream Analysis of Target Cells

The use of in vitro cell line models for cancer research has been a useful tool. However, it has been shown that these models fail to reliably mimic patient tumors in different assays1. Human tumor xenografts represent the gold standard with respect to tumor biology, drug discovery, and metastasis research 2-4. Tumor xenografts can be derived from different types of material like tumor cell lines, tumor tissue from primary patient tumors4 or serially transplanted tumors. When propagated in vivo, xenografted tissue is infiltrated and vascularized by cells of mouse origin. Multiple factors such as the tumor entity, the origin of xenografted material, growth rate and region of transplantation influence the composition and the amount of mouse cells present in tumor xenografts. However, even when these factors are kept constant, the degree of mouse cell contamination is highly variable.
Contaminating mouse cells significantly impair downstream analyses of human tumor xenografts. As mouse fibroblasts show high plating efficacies and proliferation rates, they tend to overgrow cultures of human tumor cells, especially slowly proliferating subpopulations. Mouse cell derived DNA, mRNA, and protein components can bias downstream gene expression analysis, next-generation sequencing, as well as proteome analysis 5. To overcome these limitations, we have developed a fast and easy method to isolate untouched human tumor cells from xenografted tumor tissue. This procedure is based on the comprehensive depletion of cells of mouse origin by combining automated tissue dissociation with the benchtop tissue dissociator and magnetic cell sorting. Here, we demonstrate that human target cells can be can be obtained with purities higher than 96% within less than 20 min independent of the tumor type.

Human tumor xenografts are vascularized and infiltrated by cells of mouse origin during the growth phase in vivo. To circumvent the bias caused by these contaminating cells during downstream analysis, we developed a method allowing for comprehensive depletion of all mouse cells by magnetic cell sorting.

인간 종양 이종 이식에서 마우스 세포의 고갈은 크게 대상 세포의 다운 스트림 분석을 향상

The use of in vitro cell line models for cancer research has been a useful tool. However, it has been shown that these models fail to reliably mimic ...

Assessment of Kidney Function in Mouse Models of Glomerular Disease

The use of murine models to mimic human kidney disease is becoming increasingly common. Our research is focused on the assessment of glomerular function in diabetic nephropathy and podocyte-specific VEGF-A knock-out mice; therefore, this protocol describes the full kidney work-up used in our lab to assess these mouse models of glomerular disease, enabling a vast amount of information regarding kidney and glomerular function to be obtained from a single mouse. In comparison to alternative methods presented in the literature to assess glomerular function, the use of the method outlined in this paper enables the glomerular phenotype to be fully evaluated from multiple aspects. By using this method, the researcher can determine the kidney phenotype of the model and assess the mechanism as to why the phenotype develops. This vital information on the mechanism of disease is required when examining potential therapeutic avenues in these models. The methods allow for detailed functional assessment of the glomerular filtration barrier through measurement of the urinary albumin creatinine ratio and individual glomerular water permeability, as well as both structural and ultra-structural examination using the Periodic Acid Schiff stain and electron microscopy. Furthermore, analysis of the genes dysregulated at the mRNA and protein level enables mechanistic analysis of glomerular function. This protocol outlines the generic but adaptable methods that can be applied to all mouse models of glomerular disease.

This protocol describes a full kidney work-up that should be carried out in mouse models of glomerular disease. The methods allow for detailed functional, structural, and mechanistic analysis of glomerular function, which can be applied to all mouse models of glomerular disease.

신장 기능 사 질병 마우스 모델에서의 평가

The use of murine models to mimic human kidney disease is becoming increasingly common. Our research is focused on the assessment of glomerular function ...

In Vivo Photolabeling of Cells in the Colon to Assess Migratory Potential of Hematopoietic Cells in Neonatal Mice

Enteric bacterial communities are established early in life and influence immune cell development and function. The neonatal microbiota is susceptible to numerous external influences including antibiotics use and diet, which impacts susceptibility to autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Disorders such as Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) are characterized by a massive influx of immune cells to the intestines. However, immune cells conditioned by the microbiota may additionally emigrate out of the intestines to influence immune responses at extra-intestinal sites. Thus, there is a need to identify and characterize cells that may carry microbial messages from the intestines to distal sites. Here, we describe a method to label cells in the colon of newborn mice in vivo that enables their identification at extra-intestinal sites after migration.

In Vivo Photolabeling of Cells in the Colon to Assess Migratory Potential of Hematopoietic Cells in Neonatal Mice

The protocol described here utilizes a photolabeling approach in newborn mice to specifically identify immune cells that emigrate from the colon to extra-intestinal sites. This strategy will be useful to study host-microbiome interactions in early life.

Vivo에서 Photolabeling 신생아 쥐에 있는 조 혈 모 세포의 이동성 잠재력을 평가 하는 콜론에 셀의

Enteric bacterial communities are established early in life and influence immune cell development and function. The neonatal microbiota is susceptible to ...