Funding for this research was provided by the Italian Ministry of Health under the frame of EuroNanoMed II (European Innovative Research &amp; Technological Development Projects in Nanomedicine, project title: ''InNaSERSS'').

금 나노 막대의 1. 합성 참고 : 전체에 고순도 물을 사용합니다. <ol><li> 금 씨의 준비 <ol><li> 이 솔루션은 분명해진다 때까지 40 ° C에서 초음파하에, 5 ㎖의 물에 헥사 데실 브로마이드 (CTAB)의 364.4 mg을 녹이고. CTAB 용액을 실온까지 냉각하자. </li><li> 별도로, 물 (0.5 밀리미터)에 테트라 클로로 산 (HAuCl 4) 5 ㎖를 준비합니다. </li><li> 27 ° C의 온도를 일정하게 유지하는 격렬하게 교반하면서 자성 CTAB 수용액에 HAuCl 4 용액을 첨가. </li><li> 수소화 붕소 나트륨의 600 μl를 (을 NaBH 4) 4 ° C에서 물 (10 밀리미터)의 솔루션을 준비합니다. 격렬한 교반 혼합물에이 솔루션을 추가합니다. 용액의 색이 즉시 갈색 노란색에서 변경되었는지 확인합니다. </li><li> 사용하기 전에 20 분 동안 정지를 저어. 객실 템페라에서 더 이상 24 이상의 시간 동안 씨앗 서스​​펜션을 저장사실. </li><li> 자외선 - 마주 분광 광도계를 사용하여 씨앗의 크기를 확인합니다. 종자가 충분히 (약 2 ㎚) UV 작은 가시 분광기에 의한 금 나노로드의 제조에 사용되는 것을 보장한다. 참고 : 스펙트럼은 그림 1에보고 된 것과 유사해야 사용할 수 없습니다 505-520 nm의 주위에 플라즈몬 피크의 존재에 의해 확인 된 큰 씨가 구형 나노 입자를 생성 할 가능성이 있기 때문이다.. </li></ol></li><li> 금 나노 막대의 &quot;성장 솔루션&quot;의 준비. <ol><li> 초음파를 이용하여 40 ° C에서 5 ml의 물에 22 mg의 하이드로 퀴논과 함께 182.2 mg의 CTAB를 녹여. 27 ° C에 대한 해결책을 냉각. </li><li> 4 mM의 실버 니트 레이트 (AGNO 3) 용액 200 μl를 준비합니다. </li><li> 별도로, 테트라 클로로 아우르 산의 1mM의 용액 5 ㎖ (HAuCl 4)을 준비한다. </li><li> 첫 번째 단계 1.2.2에서 제조 된 질산은 용액을 첨가. 그리고, 추가 HAuC4 리터 용액을 자기 교반하에 단계 1.2.1에서 제조 CTAB 하이드로 퀴논 용액 단계 1.2.3에서 제조. </li><li> 직후, 이전 프로토콜에 따라 제조 된 종자 현탁액의 12 μl의 단계 1.1에서보고 된 자기 교반하에 추가 반응 시작을 할 수 있습니다. 서스펜션은 약 30 분의 색상을 변경하는 경우 확인합니다. </li><li> 섹션 (4)에 5 분마다 한 바와 같이, 서스펜션의 UV 가시 스펙트럼을 확인하여 나노로드의 생성을 제어한다. 스펙트럼이 안정 될 때까지 진행합니다. 나노 막대의 전체 형성을 허용하려면, 추가로 30 분 (그림 2)에 대한 교반 현탁액을 둡니다. </li><li> 10 분 동안 10,000 XG에서 튜브의 서스펜션 (각 튜브 현탁액 1 ㎖) 및 원심 분리기를 나눈다. 금 나노로드는 상기 튜브의 하단에 진한 침전물을 형성한다. </li><li> 물 1 ㎖를 각 튜브의 침전물을 재현 탁. 튜브의 함량을 함께 믹스 및 저장 SUSP실온에서 금 나노로드의 ension. </li><li> (4) (그림 3)에 기술 된 바와 같이 자외선 - 가시 광선 분광 및 전송 전자 현미경에 의해 얻어진 나노 막대의 특징. </li></ol></li></ol> 의 Ag + 이온의 농도를 변화시킴으로써 나노 막대의 2. 조정 화면 비율 <ol><li> 3.4 mg을 물 3 AGNO 5 ml에 용해시키고, 4 mm의 농도를 갖는 실버 나이트 레이트 용액을 제조 하였다. </li><li> 섹션 1.2.1에 설명 된대로 세 가지 다른 유리 병 CTAB와 솔루션 하이드로 퀴논에서 준비 각각 100 μL, 150 μL 또는 질산은 용액 200 μl를 추가합니다. </li><li> 1.2.3 단계로 포인트 1.2.5에서 설명 된 바와 같이 금 나노 막대의 제조를 진행하기 위해 HAuCl 4 솔루션 준비있어서 추가합니다. </li><li> UV 가시 스펙트럼과 투과 전자 현미경에 의해 수득 된 나노로드의 특성. 의 Ag +의 낮은 양의 유리 병을 다시합니다짧은 나노 막대 당할 위험 (2 2.2의 종횡비 각각) (도 4). </li></ol> 3. CTAB의 농도를 변화시킴으로써, 나노로드의 애스펙트 비를 조정 <ol><li> 은 &quot;성장 솔루션&quot;의 CTAB의 서로 다른 농도의 금 나노 막대의 다른 배치를 준비합니다. 10 mM에서 100 mM로 사용 농도는 다른 크기 및 종횡비를 갖는 금 나노로드를 생성한다. 각각의 실험에 사용 CTAB의 농도는 사용 밀리그램 상응하는 양으로 표 1에 요약되어있다. 물 5 ㎖ 중의 하이드로 퀴논 22 mg을 항상 CTAB의 상이한 양을 녹인다. </li><li> 질산은 용액 200 μl를 추가 (준비 1.2.2 단계에 따라) 및 자기 교반하면서 각 유리 병 (단계 1.2.3에 기술 된 방법에 따라 제조) HAuCl 4 용액 5 ㎖. </li><li> 씨앗 현탁액의 12 μl를 추가하고 최종 혼합물의 색의 변화를 관찰한다. </li><li> 중지서스펜션의 색상과 자외선 가시 광선이 안정 교반; 반응 시간은, 성장 용액의 CTAB 농도에 의존한다. </li><li> 물에 10 분,에 resuspend 10,000 XG에 원심 분리기. </li><li> UV 가시 스펙트럼과 투과 전자 현미경에 의해 수득 된 나노로드의 특성. 고농도 긴하지만 큰 나노로드를 제공하면서 CTAB 낮은 농도 짧은 나노로드 될 것이다. 반대로 나노로드의 애스펙트 비는 40 ~ 50 mM의 주위 영역에서 더 높을 것이며, 낮고 높은 농도 (도 5 및도 6)에서 모두 감소된다. </li></ol> 금 나노 막대 4. 특성 <ol><li> 자외선 - 가시 광선 분광법 <ol><li> 플라스틱 마이크로 큐벳에 물 400 ㎕를 가진 나노로드 용액 100 ㎕로 희석하고 UV-가시 흡수 스펙트럼 획득 (파장 400 nm의 범위 내지 840)제조사의 프로토콜에 따라. </li><li> 반응의 동역학을 연구하기 위해, 성장 용액을 5 분마다 자외선 - 가시 광선 스펙트럼 (파장 범위 400 내지 840 나노 미터)를 수집한다. </li></ol></li><li> 투과 전자 현미경 (TEM) <ol><li> 크기의 측정 얻어진 나노로드의 애스펙트 비, 나노로드의 각 샘플의 TEM 이미지를 수집한다. 초박형 Formvar 코팅 200 메쉬 구리 그리드에 서스펜션 (4 μL) 한 방울을 배치하여 샘플을 준비하고 4 ℃에서 공기 중에서 건조 둡니다. 제조 업체의 프로토콜에 따라 200 kV로의 가속 전압을 사용하여 TEM에 샘플을 분석 할 수 있습니다. </li></ol></li></ol>

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The authors have nothing to disclose.

여기에 제시된 프로토콜은 금 나노 막대를 생산하는 하이드로 퀴논, 약한 환원 전위 특징으로하는 방향족 분자를 적용한다. 아스코르브 산의 사용에 기초하여, 가장 널리 사용되는 합성 경로쪽으로 본 프로토콜의 두 가지 장점이있다 : 첫 번째는 히드로퀴논이 거의 정량적으로 금 나노로드의 더 많은 양의 생산을 허용 금 이온을 감소시킬 수 있다는 점이다 (11)는. 후자는 그것의 낮은 CTAB ...

금 나노 입자 (AuNPs)를 생물 의학적 용도로 사용되는 가장 광범위 유망한 나노 구조물 중 하나이다. 이들의 사용은 체외 진단 제품 케어 포인트 많은 필수적이다 한 이들은 기타 다른 다수의 애플리케이션을위한 효과적인 수단으로 제안되었다 :. 촬상 과정에서 조영제로서,이 약물 전달 시스템으로 3 등 빛에 의한 온열 (또는 광열 치료)에 대한 약물. 4 AuNPs의 큰 잠재력이 지난 20 년 동안, 구동있다, 크기에 컨트롤을 증가 얻어진 형성 할 수있는 새로운 합성의 개발에 강한 연구. (5) AuNPs의 다른 종류는 특정 응용을위한 다른 것보다 더 적합 사실 때문이다. 다른 금 나노 구조 중, 금 나노 막대 (AuNRs)는 가장 흥미로운 시스템 중 하나로 등장했다. AuNRs 두 plasmo 특징종 방향 및 횡 방향 축을 따라 전자의 진동과 관련된 NIC 피크는 각각. 6로드의 애스펙트 비에 따라, 가장 강한 길이의 피크의 위치가 정밀하게 620 내지 800 nm의 동조 될 수있는 특히 중요 . 이 영역은 인간의 조직을 거의 AuNPs 관련된 생체 광자 다수의 애플리케이션의 개발을 가능하게 광을 흡수하지 않는 생물학적 창 7 일치한다. 나노 구조의 이러한 종류에 큰 관심 불구 AuNRs의 제조를위한 합성 프로토콜은 몇 가지 제한 겪는다. 대부분의 경우, 나노 막대는 사우 동료에 의해 ​​개발 된 두 단계의 방법에 따라 제조된다. (8) 자신의 프로토콜에서, 나노로드가 미리 형성된 금 씨앗,은 이온 및 다량 존재 아스코르브 산을 사용하여 금 이온의 환원에 의해 합성된다 헥사 데실 트리메틸 암모늄 브로마이드 (CTAB), ACationic 선형 계면 활성제. 이 프로토콜의 단점은 금 이온의 환원 수율이 비교적 낮은 (약 20 %) (9)와 있다는 CTAB, 합성 시약의 총 비용의 절반 이상을 차지하고 비싼 시약의 높은 양이, 필요하다. 새롭고 더 효율적인 합성 경로의 개발은 AuNRs 접근법에 기초하여 의치의 확산을 가능하게하는 중요한 필요로 거기서 여겨진다. 본 논문의 첫 번째 부분에서는 약 3의 종횡비를 갖는 AuNR의 제조를위한 최적의 프로토콜을 제시한다. 합성은 온화한 환원제로서 히드로퀴논의 사용에 기초하며 CTAB 감소 된 양의 사용을 금 이온의 거의 정량적 환원과 AuNR의 제조를 허용한다. 10을 AuNRs의 제조를위한 이러한 프로토콜을 기반으로한다 금 씨는 &quot;성장 졸에 사용되는 두 단계 접근법의 ution &quot;. 두 번째 부분에서 우리는 두 가지 방법으로 조정할 얻어진 AuNR의 크기와 화면 비율을 미세하게하는 방법을 보여줍니다. 아스코르브 산에 기초한 표준 프로토콜과 유사한 첫 번째 방법은, 상기 &quot;성장 용액&quot;에 존재하는은 이온의 양을 변화시키는 것이다. 두 번째 방법은 잘 정의 된 짧은 나노 막대를 얻었다 (공급자보고 임계 미셀 농도에 가까운) 10 mM의 농도까지 감소시킬 수 CTAB의 양의 변화에​​ 기초한다.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Gold(III) chloride trihydrate</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>520918</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Hydroquinone</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>H17902</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Silver Nitrate</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>209139</td><td>toxic</td></tr><tr><td>Sodium Borohydride</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>480886</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>H5882</td><td>Acute Tox. (oral). In this study we tested three different batches of CTAB (H5882) from Sigma Aldrich. Two of them were marked as made in China while one as made in India. In our experience only the batches marked as made in China were effective for the preparation of AuNR.</td></tr><tr><td>Spectrophotometer</td><td>Thermo scientific&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Nanodrop 2000C</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>TEM</td><td>JEOL</td><td>2100</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

hydroquinone based synthesis of gold nanorods

Gold nanorods are an important kind of nanoparticles characterized by peculiar plasmonic properties. Despite their widespread use in nanotechnology, the synthetic methods for the preparation of gold nanorods are still not fully optimized. In this paper we describe a new, highly efficient, two-step protocol based on the use of hydroquinone as a mild reducing agent. Our approach allows the preparation of nanorods with a good control of size and aspect ratio (AR) simply by varying the amount of hexadecyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and silver ions (Ag+) present in the "growth solution". By using this method, it is possible to markedly reduce the amount of CTAB, an expensive and cytotoxic reagent, necessary to obtain the elongated shape. Gold nanorods with an aspect ratio of about 3 can be obtained in the presence of just 50 mM of CTAB (versus 100 mM used in the standard protocol based on the use of ascorbic acid), while shorter gold nanorods are obtained using a concentration as low as 10 mM.

금 씨앗 UV 가시 스펙트럼은도 1에서 볼 수있다. 금 씨의 주사 후 다른 시간에 획득 UV 가시 스펙트럼도에 제시되어이. UV 가시 스펙트럼과 투과 전자 현미경 (TEM) 이미지가 얻어진 금 나노로드 도면에 도시되어 3.은 이온의 양을 변화시킴으로써 얻어진 다른 종횡비 금 나노로드의 UV 가시 스펙트럼과 투과 전자 현미경 (TEM) <s...

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Hydroquinone Based Synthesis of Gold Nanorods

이 논문은 환​​원제로서 히드로퀴논의 사용에 기초하여 금 나노로드의 합성을위한 프로토콜, 플러스 크기 및 종횡비를 제어하기위한 다른 메커니즘을 설명한다.

금 나노 막대의 하이드로 퀴논 기반 합성

Gold nanorods are an important kind of nanoparticles characterized by peculiar plasmonic properties. Despite their widespread use in nanotechnology, the ...

hydroquinone-based-synthesis-of-gold-nanorods

Research

JoVE Journal

Chemistry

13.7K 조회수.  Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS (Don Carlo Gnocchi Foundation).  이 논문은 환​​원제로서 히드로퀴논의 사용에 기초하여 금 나노로드의 합성을위한 프로토콜, 플러스 크기 및 종횡비를 제어하기위한 다른 메커니즘을 설명한다. 

비디오: Hydroquinone Based Synthesis of Gold Nanorods

Template Directed Synthesis of Plasmonic Gold Nanotubes with Tunable IR Absorbance

A nearly parallel array of pores can be produced by anodizing aluminum foils in acidic environments1, 2. Applications of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membranes have been under development since the 1990's and have become a common method to template the synthesis of high aspect ratio nanostructures, mostly by electrochemical growth or pore-wetting. Recently, these membranes have become commercially available in a wide range of pore sizes and densities, leading to an extensive library of functional nanostructures being synthesized from AAO membranes. These include composite nanorods, nanowires and nanotubes made of metals, inorganic materials or polymers 3-10. Nanoporous membranes have been used to synthesize nanoparticle and nanotube arrays that perform well as refractive index sensors, plasmonic biosensors, or surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates 11-16, as well as a wide range of other fields such as photo-thermal heating 17, permselective transport 18, 19, catalysis 20, microfluidics 21, and electrochemical sensing 22, 23. Here, we report a novel procedure to prepare gold nanotubes in AAO membranes. Hollow nanostructures have potential application in plasmonic and SERS sensing, and we anticipate these gold nanotubes will allow for high sensitivity and strong plasmon signals, arising from decreased material dampening 15.

Solution-suspendable gold nanotubes with controlled dimensions can be synthesized by electrochemical deposition in porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membranes using a hydrophobic polymer core. Gold nanotubes and nanotube arrays hold promise for applications in plasmonic biosensing, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, photo-thermal heating, ionic and molecular transport, microfluidics, catalysis and electrochemical sensing.

템플릿 조정할 IR의 흡광도와 Plasmonic 골드 나노 튜브의 합성을 감독

A nearly parallel array of pores can be produced by anodizing aluminum foils in acidic environments1, 2. Applications of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) ...

연구

화학

Gold Nanostar Synthesis with a Silver Seed Mediated Growth Method

The physical, chemical and optical properties of nano-scale colloids depend on their material composition, size and shape 1-5. There is a great interest in using nano-colloids for photo-thermal ablation, drug delivery and many other biomedical applications 6. Gold is particularly used because of its low toxicity 7-9. A property of metal nano-colloids is that they can have a strong surface plasmon resonance 10. The peak of the surface plasmon resonance mode depends on the structure and composition of the metal nano-colloids. Since the surface plasmon resonance mode is stimulated with light there is a need to have the peak absorbance in the near infrared where biological tissue transmissivity is maximal 11, 12.
We present a method to synthesize star shaped colloidal gold, also known as star shaped nanoparticles 13-15 or nanostars 16. This method is based on a solution containing silver seeds that are used as the nucleating agent for anisotropic growth of gold colloids 17-22. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of the resulting gold colloid showed that 70 % of the nanostructures were nanostars. The other 30 % of the particles were amorphous clusters of decahedra and rhomboids. The absorbance peak of the nanostars was detected to be in the near infrared (840 nm). Thus, our method produces gold nanostars suitable for biomedical applications, particularly for photo-thermal ablation.

We synthesized star shaped gold nanostars using a silver seed mediated growth method. The diameter of the nanostars ranges from 200 to 300 nm and the number of tips vary from 7 to 10. The nanoparticles have a broad surface plasmon resonance mode centered in the near infrared.

실버 씨앗 중재 성장 방법과 골드 Nanostar 합성

The physical, chemical and optical properties of nano-scale colloids depend on their material composition, size and shape 1-5. There is a great interest ...

생체공학

Synthesis, Characterization, and Functionalization of Hybrid Au/CdS and Au/ZnS Core/Shell Nanoparticles

Plasmonic nanoparticles are an attractive material for light harvesting applications due to their easily modified surface, high surface area and large extinction coefficients which can be tuned across the visible spectrum. Research into the plasmonic enhancement of optical transitions has become popular, due to the possibility of altering and in some cases improving photo-absorption or emission properties of nearby chromophores such as molecular dyes or quantum dots. The electric field of the plasmon can couple with the excitation dipole of a chromophore, perturbing the electronic states involved in the transition and leading to increased absorption and emission rates. These enhancements can also be negated at close distances by energy transfer mechanism, making the spatial arrangement of the two species critical. Ultimately, enhancement of light harvesting efficiency in plasmonic solar cells could lead to thinner and, therefore, lower cost devices. The development of hybrid core/shell particles could offer a solution to this issue. The addition of a dielectric spacer between a gold nanoparticles and a chromophore is the proposed method to control the exciton plasmon coupling strength and thereby balance losses with the plasmonic gains. A detailed procedure for the coating of gold nanoparticles with CdS and ZnS semiconductor shells is presented. The nanoparticles show high uniformity with size control in both the core gold particles and shell species allowing for a more accurate investigation into the plasmonic enhancement of external chromophores.

The synthesis of uniform gold nanoparticles coated with semiconductor shells of CdS or ZnS is performed. The semiconductor coating is conducted by first depositing a silver sulfide shell and exchanging the silver cations for zinc or cadmium cations.

합성, 특성 및 하이브리드 금 / CD 및 금 /은 ZnS 코어 / 쉘 나노 입자의 작용 화

Plasmonic nanoparticles are an attractive material for light harvesting applications due to their easily modified surface, high surface area and large ...

A Simple Method for the Size Controlled Synthesis of Stable Oligomeric Clusters of Gold Nanoparticles under Ambient Conditions

Reducing dilute aqueous HAuCl4 with sodium thiocyanate (NaSCN) under alkaline conditions produces 2 to 3 nm diameter nanoparticles. Stable grape-like oligomeric clusters of these yellow nanoparticles of narrow size distribution are synthesized under ambient conditions via two methods. The delay-time method controls the number of subunits in the oligoclusters by varying the time between the addition of HAuCl4 to alkaline solution and the subsequent addition of reducing agent, NaSCN. The yellow oligoclusters produced range in size from ~3 to ~25 nm. This size range can be further extended by an add-on method utilizing hydroxylated gold chloride (Na+[Au(OH4-x)Clx]-) to auto-catalytically increase the number of subunits in the as-synthesized oligocluster nanoparticles, providing a total range of 3 nm to 70 nm. The crude oligocluster preparations display narrow size distributions and do not require further fractionation for most purposes. The oligoclusters formed can be concentrated &#62;300 fold without aggregation and the crude reaction mixtures remain stable for weeks without further processing. Because these oligomeric clusters can be concentrated before derivatization they allow expensive derivatizing agents to be used economically. In addition, we present two models by which predictions of particle size can be made with great accuracy.

We describe a simple method for producing highly stable oligomeric clusters of gold nanoparticles via the reduction of chloroauric acid (HAuCl4) with sodium thiocyanate (NaSCN). The oligoclusters have a narrow size distribution and can be produced with a wide range of sizes and surface coats.

주변 조건에 따라 금 나노 입자의 안정 올리고머 클러스터의 크기 제어 합성을위한 간단한 방법

Reducing dilute aqueous HAuCl4 with sodium thiocyanate (NaSCN) under alkaline conditions produces 2 to 3 nm diameter nanoparticles. Stable grape-like ...

In Situ Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles without Aggregation in the Interlayer Space of Layered Titanate Transparent Films

Combinations of metal oxide semiconductors and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been investigated as new types of materials. The in situ synthesis of AuNPs within the interlayer space of semiconducting layered titania nanosheet (TNS) films was investigated here. Two types of intermediate films (i.e., TNS films containing methyl viologen (TNS/MV2+) and 2-ammoniumethanethiol (TNS/2-AET+)) were prepared. The two intermediate films were soaked in an aqueous tetrachloroauric(III) acid (HAuCl4) solution, whereby considerable amounts of Au(III) species were accommodated within the interlayer spaces of the TNS films. The two types of obtained films were then soaked in an aqueous sodium tetrahydroborate (NaBH4) solution, whereupon the color of the films immediately changed from colorless to purple, suggesting the formation of AuNPs within the TNS interlayer. When only TNS/MV2+ was used as the intermediate film, the color of the film gradually changed from metallic purple to dusty purple within 30 min, suggesting that aggregation of AuNPs had occurred. In contrast, this color change was suppressed by using the TNS/2-AET+ intermediate film, and the AuNPs were stabilized for over 4 months, as evidenced by the characteristic extinction (absorption and scattering) band from the AuNPs.

In Situ Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles without Aggregation in the Interlayer Space of Layered Titanate Transparent Films

Here, we present a protocol for the in situ synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) within the interlayer space of layered titanate films without the aggregation of AuNPs. No spectral change was observed even after 4 months. The synthesized material has expected applications in catalysis, photo-catalysis, and the development of cost-effective plasmonic devices.

계층화 된 티탄 투명 필름의 층간 공간에서 집계하지 않고 금 나노 입자의 제자리 합성에

Combinations of metal oxide semiconductors and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been investigated as new types of materials. The in situ synthesis of AuNPs ...

공학

Synthesis and Characterization of Amphiphilic Gold Nanoparticles

Gold nanoparticles covered with a mixture of 1-octanethiol (OT) and 11-mercapto-1-undecane sulfonic acid (MUS) have been extensively studied because of their interactions with cell membranes, lipid bilayers, and viruses. The hydrophilic ligands make these particles colloidally stable in aqueous solutions and the combination with hydrophobic ligands creates an amphiphilic particle that can be loaded with hydrophobic drugs, fuse with the lipid membranes, and resist nonspecific protein adsorption. Many of these properties depend on nanoparticle size and the composition of the ligand shell. It is, therefore, crucial to have a reproducible synthetic method and reliable characterization techniques that allow the determination of nanoparticle properties and the ligand shell composition. Here, a one-phase chemical reduction, followed by a thorough purification to synthesize these nanoparticles with diameters below 5 nm, is presented. The ratio between the two ligands on the surface of the nanoparticle can be tuned through their stoichiometric ratio used during synthesis. We demonstrate how various routine techniques, such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrometry, are combined to comprehensively characterize the physicochemical parameters of the nanoparticles.

Amphiphilic gold nanoparticles can be used in many biological applications. A protocol to synthesize gold nanoparticles coated by a binary mixture of ligands and a detailed characterization of these particles is presented.

합성 및 암화 금 나노 입자의 특성화

Gold nanoparticles covered with a mixture of 1-octanethiol (OT) and 11-mercapto-1-undecane sulfonic acid (MUS) have been extensively studied because of ...

Assembly of Gold Nanorods into Chiral Plasmonic Metamolecules Using DNA Origami Templates

The inherent addressability of DNA origami structures makes them ideal templates for the arrangement of metal nanoparticles into complex plasmonic nanostructures. The high spatial precision of a DNA origami-templated assembly allows controlling the coupling between plasmonic resonances of individual particles and enables tailoring optical properties of the constructed nanostructures. Recently, chiral plasmonic systems attracted a lot of attention due to the strong correlation between the spatial configuration of plasmonic assemblies and their optical responses (e.g., circular dichroism [CD]). In this protocol, we describe the whole workflow for the generation of DNA origami-based chiral assemblies of gold nanorods (AuNRs). The protocol includes a detailed description of the design principles and experimental procedures for the fabrication of DNA origami templates, the synthesis of AuNRs, and the assembly of origami-AuNR structures. In addition, the characterization of structures using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and CD spectroscopy is included. The described protocol is not limited to chiral configurations and can be adapted for the construction of various plasmonic architectures.

We describe the detailed protocol for the DNA origami-based assembly of gold nanorods into chiral plasmonic metamolecules with strong chiroptical responses. The protocol is not limited to chiral configurations and can be easily adapted for the fabrication of various plasmonic architectures.

DNA 종이 접기 서식 파일을 사용 하 여 키 랄 Plasmonic Metamolecules로 금 Nanorods의 조립

The inherent addressability of DNA origami structures makes them ideal templates for the arrangement of metal nanoparticles into complex plasmonic ...

Preparation and Photoacoustic Analysis of Cellular Vehicles Containing Gold Nanorods

Gold nanorods are attractive for a range of biomedical applications, such as the photothermal ablation and the photoacoustic imaging of cancer, thanks to their intense optical absorbance in the near-infrared window, low cytotoxicity and potential to home into tumors. However, their delivery to tumors still remains an issue. An innovative approach consists of the exploitation of the tropism of tumor-associated macrophages that may be loaded with gold nanorods in vitro. Here, we describe the preparation and the photoacoustic inspection of cellular vehicles containing gold nanorods. PEGylated gold nanorods are modified with quaternary ammonium compounds, in order to achieve a cationic profile. On contact with murine macrophages in ordinary Petri dishes, these particles are found to undergo massive uptake into endocytic vesicles. Then these cells are embedded in biopolymeric hydrogels, which are used to verify that the stability of photoacoustic conversion of the particles is retained in their inclusion into cellular vehicles. We are confident that these results may provide new inspiration for the development of novel strategies to deliver plasmonic particles to tumors.

We show the preparation and address the feasibility of cellular vehicles containing gold nanorods for the photoacoustic imaging of cancer.

금 나노 막대를 포함하는 세포 차량의 제조 및 광 음향 분석

Gold nanorods are attractive for a range of biomedical applications, such as the photothermal ablation and the photoacoustic imaging of cancer, thanks to ...

Gold Nanoparticle Synthesis

Gold nanoparticles (Au nanoparticles) that are ~12 nm in diameter were synthesized by rapidly injecting a solution of 150 mg (0.15 mmol) of tetrachloroauric acid in 3.0 g (3.7 mmol, 3.6 mL) of oleylamine (technical grade) and 3.0 mL of toluene into a boiling solution of 5.1 g (6.4 mmol, 8.7 mL) of oleylamine in 147 mL of toluene. While boiling and mixing the reaction solution for 2 hours, the color of the reaction mixture changed from clear, to light yellow, to light pink, and then slowly to dark red. The heat was then turned off, and the solution was allowed to gradually cool down to room temperature for 1 hour. The gold nanoparticles were then collected and separated from the solution using a centrifuge and washed three times; by vortexing and dispersing the gold nanoparticles in 10 mL portions of toluene, and then precipitating the gold nanoparticles by adding 40 mL portions of methanol and spinning them in a centrifuge. The solution was then decanted to remove any remaining byproducts and unreacted starting materials. Drying the gold nanoparticles in a vacuum environment produced a solid black pellet; which could be stored for long periods of time (up to one year) for later use, and then redissolved in organic solvents such as toluene.

A protocol for synthesizing ~12 nm diameter gold nanoparticles (Au nanoparticles) in an organic solvent is presented. The gold nanoparticles are capped with oleylamine ligands to prevent agglomeration. The gold nanoparticles are soluble in organic solvents such as toluene.

금 나노 입자 합성

Gold nanoparticles (Au nanoparticles) that are ~12 nm in diameter were synthesized by rapidly injecting a solution of 150 mg (0.15 mmol) of ...

Synthesis of Functionalized 10-nm Polymer-coated Gold Particles for Endothelium Targeting and Drug Delivery

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been used extensively in medical research due to their size, biocompatibility, and modifiable surface. Specific targeting and drug delivery are some of the applications of these AuNPs, but endothelial extracellular matrices&#39; defensive properties hamper particle uptake. To address this issue, we describe a synthesis method for ultrasmall gold nanoparticles to improve vascular delivery, with customizable functional groups and polymer lengths for further adjustments. The protocol yields 2.5 nm AuNPs that are capped with tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride (THPC). The replacement of THPC with hetero-functional polyethylene glycol (PEG) on the surface of the AuNP increases the hydrodynamic radius to 10.5 nm while providing various functional groups on the surface. The last part of the protocol includes an optional addition of a fluorophore to allow the AuNPs to be visualized under fluorescence to track nanoparticle uptake. Dialysis and lyophilization were used to purify and isolate the AuNPs. These fluorescent nanoparticles can be visualized in both in vitro and in vivo experiments due to the biocompatible PEG coating and fluorescent probes. Additionally, the size range of these nanoparticles render them an ideal candidate for probing the glycocalyx without disrupting normal vasculature function, which may lead to improved delivery and therapeutics.

We describe a method of synthesizing biocompatible 10-nm gold nanoparticles, functionalized by coating poly-ethylene glycol onto the surface. These particles can be used in vitro and in vivo for delivering therapeutics to nanoscale cellular and extracellular spaces that are difficult to access with conventional nanoparticle sizes.

기능성된 10 nm 폴리머-코팅 된 금 입자 피 대상에 대 한 및 약물 전달의 합성

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been used extensively in medical research due to their size, biocompatibility, and modifiable surface. Specific targeting ...