Name: evaluation of drug sorption to pvc- and non-pvc-based tubes in administration sets using a pump
Uploaded: 2017-03-11T14:00:00.000+00:00
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Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Evaluation of Drug Sorption to PVC- and Non-PVC-based Tubes in Administration Sets Using a Pump at JoVE.com

This work was supported by the Korea Ministry of Environment (MOE) as part of the "The advancement of scientific research and technological development in environmental science program (E315-00015-0414-2)."

관리 세트에서 튜브 1. 준비 참고 정확하게 약물 흡수에 튜브 길이 차이의 효과를 제거하는 절단 공정을 수행한다. <ol><li> 마커를 사용하여 튜브형과 튜브의 단부에 라벨 (예를 들면, PVC, 폴리 우레탄 (PU)을 폴리올레핀 (PO)). </li><li> 이러한 커넥터와 바늘 커버 모든 분리 액세서리를 제거합니다. </li><li> 날카로운 면도날을 사용하여 깨끗한 가장자리를 확인 드립 챔버의 연결에서 길이 1m에 튜브를 잘라. </li></ol> 약물 주입 2. 희석 참고 : 주입 된 약물 솔루션을 용기로 유리 병 (1 L)를 사용합니다. 정확하게 희석 단계를 수행합니다. 시판 제제의 조성을 확인하고, 전체 실험 세트의 동일한 배치 번호를 사용한다. <ol><li> 약물 이름 (예를 들어, 다이아 제팜 또는 타 크롤리 무스)와 라벨 병. </li><li> 약물 주입 희석5 % 포도당 용액의 5 밀리그램에서 / mL의 디아제팜 주사 (2 100 mL의 5 % 덱 스트로스 용액에 다이아 제팜 주입 mL)과 5 mg 내지 / mL의 타 크롤리 무스 주사 10 μg의 / mL의에 100 μg의 / mL의에 ( 5 % 덱 스트로스 용액 100 ㎖)에 주입 타크로리무스 200 μL. 참고 : 임상 사용량에 따라 약물과 용매의 시험 농도를 설정합니다. </li><li> 부드럽게 균질 약물 용액을 수득 소용돌이에 의해 병에 희석 용액을 혼합한다. </li><li> 유리를 사용하여 황색 유리 병에 수집 희석 용액 (1 ~ 10 mL)을 실린더를 졸업했다. </li><li> 단계 4에 기재된 바와 같이, 농도를 확인한다. 참고 : 시작 지점에서 농도로 약물의 이러한 농도를 사용합니다. </li></ol> 3. 운동 흡착 연구 주입 펌프를 사용하여 주 : 의한 튜브의 경도 수착 측정에 앞서, 펌프를 사용하는 튜브 따라 유량을 확인한다. 정확한 시점과 사용 GLA에서 샘플을 수집SS 병 및 유리 병은 저장 중에 추가로 약물 흡수를 방지합니다. 도 2에 도시 된 바와 같이 시험한다. 약물이 감광성이있는 경우 빛에 약액을 보호합니다. 세중의 실험을 수행합니다. <ol><li> 기포를 생성하지 않고, 주사기를 사용하여 튜브에 약물 희석액을 미리로드. <ol><li> 주사기에 튜브의 한쪽 끝을 연결합니다. </li><li> 병에 약액에 상기 튜브의 다른 쪽 끝을 넣는다. </li><li> 튜브가 완전히 약액 충전 될 때까지 주사기 플런저를 후퇴. </li></ol></li><li> 주입 펌프로 튜브를 설치합니다. <ol><li> 주입 펌프의 문을 열고 해제 레버를 누릅니다. </li><li> 주입 펌프에 미리로드 된 튜브를 삽입하고 똑바로 유지. </li><li> 설치 후, 튜브의 단부에 주사기를 제거한다. </li><li> 화학적 내성 붕 규산염 유리 튜브의 끝을 넣어 약물 오디오 솔루션을 수집하기 위해 실린더를 졸업이온은 튜브를 통과 한 후. </li></ol></li><li> 투여 세트의 튜브의 유형에 따라 유량 (PVC, PU, 또는 PO) 및 약물을 설정 (예를 들면, 디아제팜 1 ㎖ / 분, 타크로리무스 10 ㎖ / H). </li><li> 실온에서, 다양한 시점에서 황색 바이알에 샘플을 수집한다. <ol><li> 0.05에서 0.30, 0.55, 1.05 시간을 1 ML의 다이아 제팜 샘플을 수집합니다. </li><li> , 1.05에서 2.05, 3.05 및 4.05 시간을 10 ML의 타 크롤리 무스의 샘플을 수집합니다. </li></ol></li></ol> 약물 4. 분석하여 고성능 액체 크로마토 그래피 (HPLC) 주 : 약물 분석 용 HPLC 추천 방법은 참고 문헌 1, 8, 9에 기재되어있다. 다른 방법 (10), (11) 시료 전처리 후 탠덤 질량 분석 (MS / MS)와 면역를 사용합니다. 세중의 실험을 수행합니다.<ol><li> 약물을 달아 원액으로서 1 ㎎ / ㎖의 농도로 유기 용매에 용해들을. <ol><li> 때문에 5 % 덱 스트로스에서 다이아 제팜의 낮은 용해도에 다이아 제팜 원액을위한 용매로 메탄올을 사용합니다. </li><li> 때문에 5 % 포도당에 타 크롤리 무스의 낮은 용해도에 타 크롤리 무스의 원액을위한 용매로 아세토 니트릴을 사용합니다. </li></ol></li><li> 주식 솔루션을 희석하여 표준 용액을 준비합니다. <ol><li> , 0.3125 메탄올로 디아제팜 스톡 희석액 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, 20.0 μg의 / ㎖. </li><li> 5 % 덱 스트로스와 타크로리무스 스톡 희석액 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, 20.0 μg의 / ㎖. </li></ol></li><li> UV 검사 1, 8, 9로 HPLC 방법을 이용하여 표준 분석. 주 : 약물 분석에 적합한 검출 방법 (UV, 형광 등)를 사용합니다. <ol><li> 스탠의 10 μL를 주입dards는 C (18) 열 (250mm × 1.5 mm, 5 μm의)을 갖춘 UV 검출과의 HPLC 시스템에. 분석 조건은 표 1을 참조하십시오. </li><li> 특이성 및 선형성 1, 8, 9를 확인합니다. <ol><li> 특이성을 위해, 약물을 식별 (이 크로마토 그램에서 다른 피크로부터 분리되었는지, IE) 약물 피크를 모니터링한다. </li><li> (피크 면적 결과 농도에 정비례 여부 IE) 보정 범위에서 선형성을 확인한다. </li></ol></li><li> 교정 곡선을 얻습니다. <ol><li> 표준 1, 8, 9의 크로마토 그램에서 피크 면적 값에 비해 농도에 따라 그래프를 작성합니다. </li><li> 예를 들어 (교정 곡선 R 2 선형 회귀 방정식을 구 </em&gt; Y = AX + B, X : 약물, Y의 농도 피크 면적) 1, 8, 9. </li></ol></li></ol></li><li> 그들이 보정 범위 내에 있도록 적절히 타크로리무스위한 디아제팜 또는 5 % 덱 스트로스 메탄올로 흡착 ​​연구 중 샘플을 희석 직접 HPLC 시스템으로 희석 한 시료의 10 μL를 주입. </li></ol> 약물 농도와 흡착 레벨 5. 계산 <ol><li> 검량선 (미지의 x 및 공지 Y)를 사용하여 샘플의 약물 농도를 계산한다. </li><li> 다음 식을 이용하여 약물의 흡수 레벨을 계산한다 : <img alt="식 (1)" src="/files/ftp_upload/55086/55086eq1.jpg" /> 여기서, S : 수착 수준 (%) CO : 주사 희석 한 후 약물 농도 (μg의 / ㎖) CP : 튜브를 통과 약물 농도 (μg의 / ㎖) </li></ol>

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The authors have nothing to disclose.

관리 세트에 대한 약물 흡수는 정맥 주사 약물 전달에 예상치 못한 약물 손실의 원인이다. 흡착 동안 약물은 일반적으로 주입의 초기 단계에서 튜브 고분자 재료로 분할된다; 흡착 평형에 도달 한 후, 약물의 전달 양이 1 안정화된다. 약물의 흡수 수준을 평가하고 최소로 할 것. 약물 흡수에 대한 여러 평가 방법은 이러한 펌프 방법과 똑 방법으로서 연구되어왔다. 드립 방식에 비...

투여 세트는 스파이크, 드립 챔버 튜브 루어 어댑터 (커넥터) 및 보호 바늘 커버로 구성된다. 이러한기도 체크 밸브, 조절 클램프 인라인 필터 캡 (주입구)와 Y-관 및 바늘 등의 다른 보조 역시 투여 세트에 부착 될 수있다. 튜브에 약물 흡수는 주사제 1의 전달에서 중요한 문제입니다. 수착은 중합체 표면에 약물 및 중합체 매트릭스에 약물이 흡수의 흡착을 설명한다. 투여 세트의 튜브 약물 흡수 예측할 약물 손실이 발생하고 어려운 전달 약물 농도를 제어 할 수있다. 고분자 튜브에 약물 흡수 따라서 몸에 주사 약물의 정확한 전달에 큰 장애물이다. 그러나 관리 세트에서 튜브에 약물 흡수의 평가에 대한 표준 방법 또는 규제 가이드 라인이 없다. <html> 투여 세트의 튜브 약물 흡수의 수준은 다양한 평가 방법 1, 2, 3, 4, 5를 이용하여보고되었다. 시험 방법 및 모델 약물 흡수 평가의 핵심 요소입니다. 펌프 방법 1, 3, 드립 방식 -4,5- 널리 흡착 시험에 사용되었다. 일반적으로, 펌프에있어서의 주입 상태 낮은 농도와 낮은 유량으로 약물의 경우에 사용되어야한다. 및 관리 비 PVC 계 튜브는 3, 2, 1로 설정 - 다양한 평가 방법을 사용하여, 약물 흡수의 많은 연구는 폴리 염화 비닐 (PVC)에 대해보고 된&gt; 5. 많은 흡착 약물 투여 세트의 튜브 약물 흡수 가능성이 있는지 여부를 조사하기 위해 선택 될 수있다. 디아제팜 (도 1A) 1, 2, 타크로리무스 (도 1B) 5 글리세린 2 및 3 PVC- 높은 흡착 비 PVC 계 튜브 대표적인 약물 스포린이다. 튜브에 약물 흡수의 평가를 들면, 유량 및 약물 농도 시험 조건은 선택된 약물 1, 6, 7의 임상 사용에 기초한다. 디아제팜의 경우 100 μg의 / ㎖의 고농도 간질 중첩증 (1)의 처리에 대한 초기 투여 량을 모방 1 mL / 분의 유속으로 사용되었다. 10 μg의 / ㎖ 타크로리무스 들어, 농도10 ㎖ / h의 유량으로 공급 하였다. 덱 스트로스 용액 (5 %)에서 약물 주입의 희석에 사용하고, 튜브 길이 1m로 고정 하였다. 유리 병, 바이알 실험 및 저장 중에 추가로 흡착을 ​​방지하기 위해 사용되어야한다. 본 연구에서는 펌프의 방법을 사용하여, 모델 약물, 디아제팜 및 타크로리무스와 운동 흡착 연구를 실시 하였다. 이 프로토콜의 구체적인 내용은, 튜브 준비에서 흡착 평가, 이전에 설명했다. 약물 흡수를 평가하는 방법은 이미 주사제 약물의 성질을 확인하고에 투여 세트와 주사의 임상 적 사용을 권장하는데 사용 된 경우에 따라 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. 이 프로토콜은 표준으로 사용될 수있다투여 세트의 흡착 평가 방법. 튜브 약물 흡수의 평가를위한 국제 표준 약물 전달의 안전성 및 효능을 보장하기 위해 필요할 수있다.

<table><tbody><tr><td>PVC IV sets</td><td>Becton Dickinson&lt;br/&gt; (BD) Co. Ltd. (Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA)</td><td></td><td>Internal diameter: 2.54&amp;nbsp;mm</td></tr><tr><td>PU IV sets</td><td>Tianjin Hanaco Medical (THM) Co.Ltd.&lt;br/&gt; (Tianjin, China)</td><td></td><td>Non-PVC&lt;br/&gt;Internal diameter: 2.54&amp;nbsp;mm</td></tr><tr><td>Non-PVC Polyolefin IV sets</td><td>Polyscientech, Co. Ltd (Anseong, Korea)</td><td></td><td>Non-PVC [PE elastomer/PP elastomer/PB elastomer (25/50/25, weight ratio) blend]&lt;br/&gt;Internal diameter: 2.54&amp;nbsp;mm</td></tr><tr><td>Syringe</td><td>Korea Vaccine Co. Ltd. (Seoul, Korea)</td><td>KOVAX-SYRINGE 1 mL 26G 1/2&quot;</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Daewon diazepam injection</td><td>Daewon Pharma. Co. Ltd. (Hwaseong, Gyunggi, Korea)</td><td></td><td>5 mg/mL, total 2 mL&lt;br/&gt; Batch No.: P003&lt;br/&gt; Composition: diazepam, propylene glycol, ethanol, benzyl alcohol, sodium benzoate, bezoic acid, water for injection</td></tr><tr><td>Tacrobel injection</td><td>Chong Keun Dang, Co. Ltd. (Seoul, Korea)</td><td></td><td>5 mg/mL, total 1 mL&lt;br/&gt; Batch No.: AG002&lt;br/&gt; Composition: tacrolimus hydrate, polyoxyl 60 hydrogenated castor oil (HCO-60), dehydrated alcohol</td></tr><tr><td>5% Dextrose</td><td>JW Pharmaceutical (Seoul, Korea)</td><td>500 mL</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>5% Dextrose</td><td>Daehan Pharmaceutical (Seoul, Korea)</td><td>200 mL</td><td>Bottle (glass)</td></tr><tr><td>Amber vials</td><td></td><td>20 mL</td><td>Glass</td></tr><tr><td>Terumo infusion pump</td><td>Terumo (Medical Corp., USA)</td><td>TE-135</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>HPLC system with UV detector</td><td>Agilent (Santa Clara, CA, USA)</td><td>Agilent 1260</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>CAPCELL PAK C&lt;sub&gt;18&lt;/sub&gt; column&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Shiseido (Japan)</td><td>90404</td><td>1.5 mm x 250 mm, 5 &amp;mu;m</td></tr><tr><td>Diazepam</td><td></td><td></td><td>From Daewon Pharma. Co., Ltd.</td></tr><tr><td>Tacrolimus</td><td>Teva Czech industries&amp;nbsp; (Czech Republic)</td><td></td><td>From Chong Keun Dang, Co. Ltd.</td></tr><tr><td>Acetonitrile</td><td>Burdick and Jackson Co., Ltd. (MI, USA)</td><td>3/1/9017</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Methanol</td><td>Burdick and Jackson Co. Ltd. (MI, USA)</td><td>AH230-4</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Water</td><td>Burdick and Jackson Co. Ltd. (MI, USA)</td><td>3/1/4218</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sodium dihydrogen phosphate</td><td>Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Phosphoric acid</td><td>Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

evaluation of drug sorption to pvc- and non-pvc-based tubes in administration sets using a pump

관리 세트는 몸에 약물의 직접 응용 프로그램에 전달 도구와 스파이크, 드립 챔버, 튜브, 루어 어댑터 (커넥터) 보호를위한 바늘 커버, 및 기타 액세서리로 구성된다. 투여 세트의 튜브 약물 흡수는 안전성과 효능면에서 중요한 문제이다. 약물 흡수는 투여 세트의 품질에있어서 중요한 인자이지만, 튜브에 약물 흡수의 조절에 대한 표준화 된 평가 방법은 없다. 여기서는 투여 세트의 튜브로 약물 흡수에 대한 평가 프로토콜을 설명한다. 폴리 염화 비닐 (PVC)로 이루어지는 관 - 비 PVC 계 고분자 재료는 길이 1m로 절단 하였다. 다이아 제팜과 타 크롤리 무스는 모델 약물로 사용되었다. 운동 흡착 연구는 이러한 약물의 임상 적 사용에 따라 약물의 농도 및 유량을 선택했다. 유리 병에서 각 약제의 희석 후에, 희석 된 약액은 튜브를 통해 전달 된관리의 펌프를 사용하여 설정합니다. 샘플은 적절한 시점에서 호박색 튜브에 수집하고, 약물은 고성능 액체 크로마토 그래피를 이용하여 분석 하였다. 투여 세트의 튜브 약물 농도 및 흡수 수준을 계산 하였다. 관리 세트의 품질을 보장하기 위해 허용 기준이 권장됩니다.

관리 세트의 튜브에 흡착는 역학적 모델 약물, 다이아 제팜 (그림 1a) 및 타 크롤리 무스를 사용하여 측정 하였다 (그림 1b), 펌프 방식 (그림 2). 희석 약제 (도 2a) (도 2B)는 주입 펌프 (도 2C)를 이용하여 일정한 유량 PVC- 비 PVC 계 튜브에 통과시켰다. 유리 병은 투여 세트 튜브의 삽입을 허용하도록 약...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Evaluation of Drug Sorption to PVC- and Non-PVC-based Tubes in Administration Sets Using a Pump at JoVE.com

Evaluation of Drug Sorption to PVC- and Non-PVC-based Tubes in Administration Sets Using a Pump

우리는 펌프 모델 약물 (디아제팜 및 타 크롤리 무스)을 사용하여 약 흡착 평가하는 방법을보고한다. 투여 세트의 튜브에서 고성능 액체 크로마토 그래피, 약물 농도 및 수착 레벨을 사용하여 약물 분석 후 계산된다.

약 흡착의 평가 PVC- 및 관리에 튜브를 비 PVC 기반 펌프를 사용하여 세트

Administration sets are delivery tools for the direct application of drugs into the body and are composed of a spike, a drip chamber, tubes, Luer adapters ...

evaluation-drug-sorption-to-pvc-non-pvc-based-tubes-administration

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

10.6K 조회수.  Yonsei University.  우리는 펌프 모델 약물 (디아제팜 및 타 크롤리 무스)을 사용하여 약 흡착 평가하는 방법을보고한다. 투여 세트의 튜브에서 고성능 액체 크로마토 그래피, 약물 농도 및 수착 레벨을 사용하여 약물 분석 후 계산된다. 

비디오: Evaluation of Drug Sorption to PVC- and Non-PVC-based Tubes in Administration Sets Using a Pump

A Cost-effective and Reliable Method to Predict Mechanical Stress in Single-use and Standard Pumps

Pumps are mainly used when transferring sterile culture broths in biopharmaceutical and biotechnological production processes. However, during the pumping process shear forces occur which can lead to qualitative and/or quantitative product loss. To calculate the mechanical stress with limited experimental expense, an oil-water emulsion system was used, whose suitability was demonstrated for drop size detections in bioreactors1. As drop breakup of the oil-water emulsion system is a function of mechanical stress, drop sizes need to be counted over the experimental time of shear stress investigations. In previous studies, the inline endoscopy has been shown to be an accurate and reliable measurement technique for drop size detections in liquid/liquid dispersions. The aim of this protocol is to show the suitability of the inline endoscopy technique for drop size measurements in pumping processes. In order to express the drop size, the Sauter mean diameter d32 was used as the representative diameter of drops in the oil-water emulsion. The results showed low variation in the Sauter mean diameters, which were quantified by standard deviations of below 15%, indicating the reliability of the measurement technique.

Shear stress investigations on an oil-water emulsion system result in drop breakup over the experimental time. To count drop sizes in pumping processes, the suitability of inline endoscopy was successfully demonstrated in this protocol.

Pumps are mainly used when transferring sterile culture broths in biopharmaceutical and biotechnological production processes. However, during the pumping ...

연구

공학

Construction and Implantation of a Microinfusion System for Sustained Delivery of Neuroactive Agents.

Sustained delivery of neuroactive agents is widely used in neuroscience, but poses many technical challenges. It is necessary to deliver the agent with high precision while minimizing localized trauma and inflammation. Also, the ability to customize the system to accommodate animals of different species and sizes is desirable. This video presentation demonstrates the construction of an infusion system that can be fitted to any particular research animal. The delivery microcannula diameter is approximately 10-fold smaller than most infusion cannulas presently used. This translates into enhanced accuracy and reduced trauma to the brain region under study. The delivery cannula can also be sculpted to fit the contour of the surface of the animal's skull, thereby allowing closure of the scalp incision neatly over the infusion system, precluding the need for a skull-mounted pedestal, reducing risk of infection, and ensuring a greater level of comfort to the animal. The system is assembled in an air-free environment and requires the researcher to fashion glass micropipettes with a heat source. These construction methods require special skills that are best acquired, if not in person, using video instruction.  (This article is based on work first reported in J Neurosci Methods. 2008 Jan 30;167(2):213-20. Epub 2007 Aug 28.).

As neuroscience inquiry becomes more sophisticated, investigation of brain structures and circuitry requires improved levels of accuracy and higher resolution. We have developed a method for the preparation and implantation of a chronic infusion system within the brain utilizing a borosilicate microcannula with a tip diameter of 50 microns.

Neuroactive 대리점 지속 배달 Microinfusion 시스템의 구축 및 주입.

Sustained delivery of neuroactive agents is widely used in neuroscience, but poses many technical challenges. It is necessary to deliver the agent with ...

생물학

An Injectable and Drug-loaded Supramolecular Hydrogel for Local Catheter Injection into the Pig Heart

Regeneration of lost myocardium is an important goal for future therapies because of the increasing occurrence of chronic ischemic heart failure and the limited access to donor hearts. An example of a treatment to recover the function of the heart consists of the local delivery of drugs and bioactives from a hydrogel. In this paper a method is introduced to formulate and inject a drug-loaded hydrogel non-invasively and side-specific into the pig heart using a long, flexible catheter. The use of 3-D electromechanical mapping and injection via a catheter allows side-specific treatment of the myocardium. To provide a hydrogel compatible with this catheter, a supramolecular hydrogel is used because of the convenient switching from a gel to a solution state using environmental triggers. At basic pH this ureido-pyrimidinone modified poly(ethylene glycol) acts as a Newtonian fluid which can be easily injected, but at physiological pH the solution rapidly switches into a gel. These mild switching conditions allow for the incorporation of bioactive drugs and bioactive species, such as growth factors and exosomes as we present here in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. The in vitro experiments give an on forehand indication of the gel stability and drug release, which allows for tuning of the gel and release properties before the subsequent application in vivo. This combination allows for the optimal tuning of the gel to the used bioactive compounds and species, and the injection system.

Supramolecular hydrogelators based on ureido-pyrimidinones allow full control over the macroscopic gel properties and the sol&#8211;gel switching behavior using pH. Here, we present a protocol for formulating and injecting such a supramolecular hydrogelator via a catheter delivery system for local delivery directly in relevant areas in the pig heart.

돼지 심장에 현지 카테터 주입 용 주사 및 약물로드 초분자 히드로 겔

Regeneration of lost myocardium is an important goal for future therapies because of the increasing occurrence of chronic ischemic heart failure and the ...

생체공학

환경 미생물 배양을 위한 현장 시뮬레이션 혐기성 방법

A Set of In Situ Informed Simulated Medium Formats for Culturing Environmentally Acquired Anaerobic Microorganisms

Culture-dependent research of anaerobic microorganisms rests upon methodological competence. These methods must create and maintain suitable growth conditions (e.g., pH and carbon sources) for anaerobic microorganisms while also allowing samples to be extracted without compromising the artificial environment. To this end, methods that are informed by and simulate an in situ environment can be of great aid in culturing microorganisms from that environment. Here, we outline an in situ informed and simulated anaerobic method for culturing terrestrial surface and subsurface microorganisms, emphasizing anaerobic sample collection with minimal perturbation. This protocol details the production of a customizable anaerobic liquid medium, and the environmental&#160;acquisition and in vitro growth of anaerobic microorganisms. The protocol also covers critical components of an anaerobic bioreactor used for environmental simulations of sediment and anaerobic liquid media for environmentally acquired cultures. We have included preliminary Next Generation Sequencing data from a maintained microbiome over the lifespan of a bioreactor where the active culture dynamically adjusted in response to an experimental carbon source.

저자 스포트라이트: In Situ Culturing을 통해 미지의 환경에서 육상 혐기성 미생물의 미스터리 풀기

The focus of this paper is to detail best practices for making media for fastidious anaerobic microorganisms acquired from an environment. These methods help manage anaerobic cultures and can be applied to support the growth of elusive uncultured microorganisms, the "microbial dark matter."

환경적으로 획득한 혐기성 미생물을 배양하기 위한 In Situ Informed Simulated Medium 형식 세트

Culture-dependent research of anaerobic microorganisms rests upon methodological competence. These methods must create and maintain suitable growth ...

환경과학

A Novel Approach for the Administration of Medications and Fluids in Emergency Scenarios and Settings

The available routes of administration commonly used for medications and fluids in the acute care setting are generally limited to oral, intravenous, or intraosseous routes, but in many patients, particularly in the emergency or critical care settings, these routes are often unavailable or time-consuming to access. A novel device is now available that offers an easy route for administration of medications or fluids via rectal mucosal absorption (also referred to as proctoclysis in the case of fluid administration and subsequent absorption). Although originally intended for the palliative care market, the utility of this device in the emergency setting has recently been described. Specifically, reports of patients being treated for dehydration, alcohol withdrawal, vomiting, fever, myocardial infarction, hyperthyroidism, and cardiac arrest have shown success with administration of a wide variety of medications or fluids (including water, aspirin, lorazepam, ondansetron, acetaminophen, methimazole, and buspirone). Device placement is straightforward, and based on the observation of expected effects from the medication administrations, absorption is rapid. The rapidity of absorption kinetics are further demonstrated in a recent report of the measurement of phenobarbital pharmacokinetics. We describe here the placement and use of this device, and demonstrate methods of pharmacokinetic measurements of medications administered by this method.

This study presents a novel device that offers an easy route to quickly provide medications and fluids in patients with limited or difficult IV access. This small-diameter device is placed in the distal third of the rectum, allowing for ongoing medication and fluids administration.

The available routes of administration commonly used for medications and fluids in the acute care setting are generally limited to oral, intravenous, or ...

의학

Continuous Blood Sampling in Small Animal Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Enables the Measurement of the Arterial Input Function

For quantitative analysis and bio-kinetic modeling of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) data, the determination of the temporal blood time-activity concentration also known as arterial input function (AIF) is a key point, especially for the characterization of animal disease models and the introduction of newly developed radiotracers. The knowledge of radiotracer availability in the blood helps to interpret PET/CT-derived data of tissue activity. For this purpose, online blood sampling during the PET/CT imaging is advisable to measure the AIF. In contrast to manual blood sampling and image-derived approaches, continuous online blood sampling has several advantages. Besides the minimized blood loss, there is an improved resolution and a superior accuracy for the blood activity measurement. However, the major drawback of online blood sampling is the costly and time-consuming preparation to catheterize the femoral vessels of the animal. Here, we describe an easy and complete workflow for catheterization and continuous blood sampling during small animal PET/CT imaging and compared it to manual blood sampling and an image-derived approach. Using this highly-standardized workflow, the determination of the fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) AIF is demonstrated. Further, this procedure can be applied to any radiotracer in combination with different animal models to create fundamental knowledge of tracer kinetic and model characteristics. This allows a more precise evaluation of the behavior of pharmaceuticals, both for diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in the preclinical research of oncological, neurodegenerative and myocardial diseases.

Here a protocol for continuous blood sampling during PET/CT imaging of rats to measure the arterial input function (AIF) is described. The catheterization, the calibration and setup of the system and the data analysis of the blood radioactivity are demonstrated. The generated data provide input parameters for subsequent bio-kinetic modeling.

작은 동물 양전자 방출 단층 촬영 / 컴퓨터 단층 촬영에서 지속적인 혈액 샘플링은 동맥 입력 기능의 측정을 가능하게

For quantitative analysis and bio-kinetic modeling of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) data, the determination of the temporal ...

A Protocol to Set Up Needle-Free Connector with Positive Displacement on Central Venous Catheter in Intensive Care Unit

Needle-free connectors were initially designed and promoted to avoid blood exposure for healthcare workers. Some recent data suggest that the latest generation of connectors (with positive displacement) may be of interest for reducing central venous line infections. We have been using needle-free connectors for several years in our intensive care unit and here we present a protocol for installing these connectors on central venous catheters. After insertion of the catheter and control of the permeability of the lines, the connectors must be purged with 0.9% NaCl before being connected. The connectors replace all disposable caps used on infusion stopcocks and manifolds. All the connectors are changed every 7 days as recommended by the manufacturer (except when there is macroscopic contamination, which requires an immediate change of the connector). Before each injection, the connector must be disinfected for at least 3 seconds with 70% isopropyl alcohol. The connectors must not be disconnected (unless changed), as the injection is done through the device. Setting up the connectors slightly increases the total time required to place the catheter and there is no formal evidence that these connectors reduce the incidence of infectious or thrombotic complications. However, these devices simplify the management of central venous lines and prevent the catheter circuit from &#34;opening&#34; once it has been sterilely installed.

We present a protocol to show the installation of a needle-free connector with positive displacement on a central venous catheter.

Needle-free connectors were initially designed and promoted to avoid blood exposure for healthcare workers. Some recent data suggest that the latest ...

An In Vitro Hemodynamic Loop Model to Investigate the Hemocytocompatibility and Host Cell Activation of Vascular Medical Devices

In this study, the hemocompatibility of tubes with an inner diameter of 5 mm made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and coated with different bioactive conjugates was compared to uncoated PVC tubes, latex tubes, and a stent for intravascular application that was placed inside the PVC tubes. Evaluation of hemocompatibility was done using an in vitro hemodynamic loop model that is recommended by the ISO standard 10993-4. The tubes were cut into segments of identical length and closed to form loops avoiding any gap at the splice, then filled with human blood and rotated in a water bath at 37 &#176;C for 3 hours. Thereafter, the blood inside the tubes was collected for the analysis of whole blood cell count, hemolysis (free plasma hemoglobin), complement system (sC5b-9), coagulation system (fibrinopeptide A), and leukocyte activation (polymorphonuclear elastase, tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-6). Host cell activation was determined for platelet activation, leukocyte integrin status and monocyte platelet aggregates using flow cytometry. The effect of inaccurate loop closure was examined with x-ray microtomography and scanning electron microscopy, that showed thrombus formation at the splice. Latex tubes showed the strongest activation of both plasma and cellular components of the blood, indicating a poor hemocompatibility, followed by the stent group and uncoated PVC tubes. The coated PVC tubes did not show a significant decrease in platelet activation status, but showed an increased in complement and coagulation cascade compared to uncoated PVC tubes. The loop model itself did not lead to the activation of cells or soluble factors, and the hemolysis level was low. Therefore, the presented in vitro hemodynamic loop model avoids excessive activation of blood components by mechanical forces and serves as a method to investigate in vitro interactions between donor blood and vascular medical devices.

Presented here is a protocol for a standardized in vitro hemodynamic loop model. This model allows to test the hemocompatibility of perfusion tubes or vascular stents to be in accordance with ISO (International Organization for Standardization) standard 10993-4.

약 흡착의 평가 PVC- 및 관리에 튜브를 비 PVC 기반 펌프를 사용하여 세트

요약

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이 비디오의 챕터

A Cost-effective and Reliable Method to Predict Mechanical Stress in Single-use and Standard Pumps

Neuroactive 대리점 지속 배달 Microinfusion 시스템의 구축 및 주입.

돼지 심장에 현지 카테터 주입 용 주사 및 약물로드 초분자 히드로 겔

환경적으로 획득한 혐기성 미생물을 배양하기 위한 In Situ Informed Simulated Medium 형식 세트

환경적으로 획득한 혐기성 미생물을 배양하기 위한 In Situ Informed Simulated Medium 형식 세트

환경적으로 획득한 혐기성 미생물을 배양하기 위한 In Situ Informed Simulated Medium 형식 세트

A Novel Approach for the Administration of Medications and Fluids in Emergency Scenarios and Settings

작은 동물 양전자 방출 단층 촬영 / 컴퓨터 단층 촬영에서 지속적인 혈액 샘플링은 동맥 입력 기능의 측정을 가능하게

A Protocol to Set Up Needle-Free Connector with Positive Displacement on Central Venous Catheter in Intensive Care Unit

혈관 의료 기기의 혈혈성 호환성 및 호스트 세포 활성화를 조사하는 시험관 헤모역학 루프 모델