Name: measurement of quantum interference in a silicon ring resonator photon source
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Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Measurement of Quantum Interference in a Silicon Ring Resonator Photon Source at JoVE.com

This work was performed in part at the Cornell University NanoScale Science and Technology Facility, a member of the National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network, which is supported by the National Science Foundation (Grant ECCS-1542081). We acknowledge support for this work from the Air Force Research Lab (AFRL). This material is based upon work partially supported by the National Science Foundation under Award No. ECCS14052481.

NOTE: This protocol assumes that the photonic chip has already been fabricated. The chip described here (shown in Figure 1A) was fabricated at the Cornell University NanoScale Science &#38; Technology Facility using standard processing techniques for silicon photonic devices11. These include the use of silicon-on-insulator wafers (composed of a 220 nm-thick silicon layer, a 3-&#181;m layer of silicon dioxide, and a 525 &#181;m-thick silicon substrate), electron-beam lithography to...

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There are multiple challenges for the field of integrated photonics to overcome in order for complex and scalable systems of photonic devices to be feasible. These include, but are not limited to: tight fabrication tolerances, isolation from environmental instabilities, and minimization of all forms of loss. There are critical steps in the above protocol that help to minimize the loss of photonic devices.
One of the most crucial requirements in minimizing loss is closely matching the optical m...

Silicon is showing great promise as a photonics platform for quantum information processing1,2,3,4,5. One of the vital components of quantum photonic circuits is the photon source. Photon-pair sources have been developed from silicon in the form of micro-ring resonators made via a third-order nonlinear process, spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM)6,7,8. These sources are capable of producing pairs of indistinguishable photons, which are ideal for experiments involving photon entanglement9.
It is important to note that ring resonator sources can operate with both clockwise and counter-clockwise propagation, and the two different propagation directions are generally independent from one another. This allows a single ring to function as two sources. When optically pumped from both directions, these sources generate the following entangled state:
<img alt="Equation 1" src="/files/ftp_upload/55257/55257eq1.jpg" />
where <img alt="Equation 2" src="/files/ftp_upload/55257/55257eq2.jpg" /> and <img alt="Equation 3" src="/files/ftp_upload/55257/55257eq3.jpg" /> are the independent creation operators for clockwise- and counterclockwise-propagating bi-photons, respectively. This is a very desirable form of entangled state known as a N00N state (N=2)10.
Passing this state through an on-chip Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) results in the state:
<img alt="Equation 4" src="/files/ftp_upload/55257/55257eq4.jpg" />
This state oscillates between maximum coincidence and zero coincidence at twice the frequency of classical interference in an MZI, effectively doubling the sensitivity of the interferometer10. Here, we present the procedure used to test such an integrated photon source and MZI device.

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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:339px;">NIR Single Photon Detector</td>
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			<td>Low noise, free-running single photon detectors</td>
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			<td>Time-correlated single photon counting</td>
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			<td style="width:127px;">SMF-28</td>
			<td>standard single mode fiber</td>
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measurement of quantum interference in a silicon ring resonator photon source

Silicon photonic chips have the potential to realize complex integrated quantum information processing circuits, including photon sources, qubit manipulation, and integrated single-photon detectors. Here, we present the key aspects of preparing and testing a silicon photonic quantum chip with an integrated photon source and two-photon interferometer. The most important aspect of an integrated quantum circuit is minimizing loss so that all of the generated photons are detected with the highest possible fidelity. Here, we describe how to perform low-loss edge coupling by using an ultra-high numerical aperture fiber to closely match the mode of the silicon waveguides. By using an optimized fusion splicing recipe, the UHNA fiber is seamlessly interfaced with a standard single-mode fiber. This low-loss coupling allows the measurement of high-fidelity photon production in an integrated silicon ring resonator and the subsequent two-photon interference of the produced photons in a closely integrated Mach-Zehnder interferometer. This paper describes the essential procedures for the preparation and characterization of high-performance and scalable silicon quantum photonic circuits.

Individual photon counts from each detector, as well as the coincidence counts, were collected as the relative phase between the two paths was tuned. The individual counts (Figure 5A) show the classical interference pattern from an MZI with visibilities of 94.5 &#177; 1.6% and 94.9 &#177; 0.9%. The coincidence measurements (Figure 5B) show the quantum interference of the entangled state, as is evident by the oscillation at twice the frequency of the class...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Measurement of Quantum Interference in a Silicon Ring Resonator Photon Source at JoVE.com

Measurement of Quantum Interference in a Silicon Ring Resonator Photon Source

Silicon photonic chips have the potential to realize complex integrated quantum systems. Presented here is a method for preparing and testing a silicon photonic chip for quantum measurements.

Silicon photonic chips have the potential to realize complex integrated quantum information processing circuits, including photon sources, qubit ...

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