IR은 아즈 재단 박사 친목 수상에 대 한 감사.

<ol><li>Koski, K. J., Akhenblit, P., McKiernan, K., Yarger, J. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Non-invasive+determination+of+the+complete+elastic+moduli+of+spider+silks%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Nat.+Mater%22%5BJournal%5D)">Non-invasive determination of the complete elastic moduli of spider silks.</a> Nat. Mater. 12 (3), 262-267 (2013).</li>
<li>Palombo, F., Madami, M., Stone, N., Fioretto, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Mechanical+mapping+with+chemical+specificity+by+confocal+Brillouin+and+Raman+microscopy%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Analyst%22%5BJournal%5D)">Mechanical mapping with chemical specificity by confocal Brillouin and Raman microscopy.</a> Analyst. 139 (4), 729-733 (2014).</li>
<li>Scarcelli, G., Yun, S. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((In+vivo+Brillouin+optical+microscopy+of+the+human+eye%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Opt.+Exp%22%5BJournal%5D)">In vivo Brillouin optical microscopy of the human eye.</a> Opt. Exp. 20 (8), 9197-9202 (2012).</li>
<li>Scarcelli, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Noncontact+three-dimensional+mapping+of+intracellular+hydromechanical+properties+by+Brillouin+microscopy%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Nat.+Methods%22%5BJournal%5D)">Noncontact three-dimensional mapping of intracellular hydromechanical properties by Brillouin microscopy.</a> Nat. Methods. 12 (12), 1132-1134 (2015).</li>
<li>Traverso, A. J., Thompson, J. V., Steelman, Z. A., Meng, Z., Scully, M. O., Yakovlev, V. V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Dual+Raman-Brillouin+microscope+for+chemical+and+mechanical+characterization+and+imaging%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Anal.+Chem%22%5BJournal%5D)">Dual Raman-Brillouin microscope for chemical and mechanical characterization and imaging.</a> Anal. Chem. 87 (15), 7519-7523 (2015).</li>
<li>Antonacci, G., Foreman, M. R., Paterson, C., Török, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://mrforeman.com/downloads/pubs/pub023.pdf">Spectral broadening in Brillouin imaging.</a> Appl. Phys. Lett. 103 (22), 221105(2013).</li>
<li>Antonacci, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Quantification+of+plaque+stiffness+by+Brillouin+microscopy+in+experimental+thin+cap+fibroatheroma%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22J.+R.+Soc.+Interface%22%5BJournal%5D)">Quantification of plaque stiffness by Brillouin microscopy in experimental thin cap fibroatheroma.</a> J. R. Soc. Interface. 12 (112), 20150483(2015).</li>
<li>Grubbs, W. T., MacPhail, R. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://aip.scitation.org/doi/abs/10.1063/1.1144743">High resolution stimulated Brillouin gain spectrometer.</a> Rev. Sci. Instrum. 65 (1), 34-41 (1994).</li>
<li>Ballmann, C. W., Thompson, J. V., Traverso, A. J., Meng, Z., Scully, M. O., Yakovlev, V. V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Stimulated+Brillouin+scattering+microscopic+imaging%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Sci+Rep%22%5BJournal%5D)">Stimulated Brillouin scattering microscopic imaging.</a> Sci Rep. 5, 18139(2015).</li>
<li>Remer, I., Bilenca, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Background-free+Brillouin+spectroscopy+in+scattering+media+at+780+nm+via+stimulated+Brillouin+scattering%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Opt.+Lett%22%5BJournal%5D)">Background-free Brillouin spectroscopy in scattering media at 780 nm via stimulated Brillouin scattering.</a> Opt. Lett. 41 (5), 926-929 (2016).</li>
<li>Remer, I., Bilenca, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016APLP....1f1301R">High-speed stimulated Brillouin scattering spectroscopy at 780 nm.</a> APL Photonics. 1 (6), 061301(2016).</li>
<li>She, C. Y., Moosmüller, H., Herring, G. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00686451">Coherent light scattering spectroscopy for supersonic flow measurements.</a> Appl. Phys. B-Lasers O. 46 (4), 283-297 (1988).</li>
<li>Fiore, A., Zhang, j, Peng Shao,, Yun, S. H., Scarcelli, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((High-extinction+virtually+imaged+phased+array-based+Brillouin+spectroscopy+of+turbid+biological+media%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Appl.+Phys.+Lett%22%5BJournal%5D)">High-extinction virtually imaged phased array-based Brillouin spectroscopy of turbid biological media.</a> Appl. Phys. Lett. 108 (20), 203701(2016).</li>
<li>Taking a Measurement with Your Computer. , Available from:
 <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ni.com/webcast/1673/en">http://www.ni.com/webcast/1673/en</a> (2014).</li>
</ol>

저자는 공개 없다.

그림 1에 표시 된 시스템, 물 샘플의 배치를 용이 하 게 하는 광학 테이블에 수직으로 거치 될 수 있다 18 "x 24" 브레드보드는에 건설 하도록 설계 되었습니다. 결과적으로, 그것은 강력 하 게 모든 광학 및 기계 요소를 강화 하 고 펌프 및 프로브 광속 선적 및 꺼짐-축 형상에 샘플을 조명 하기 전에 다양 한 요소와 동심 인지 확인 하는 것이 중요.
신호를 얻이 자극된...

자연 스러운 브 릴 루 앵 분광학에에서 설립 되었습니다, 액체, 등 부드러운 재료의 기계적 분석에 대 한 귀중 한 접근 방식으로 최근 몇 년 동안 진짜 조직, 조직 환영 및 생물 세포1,2, 3,,45,,67. 이 방법에서는, 단일 레이저 조명 샘플 하 고는 inelastically 매체에 자발적인 열 음향 파도에서 흩어져 빛 샘플의 점 탄성 특성에 유용한 정보를 제공 하는 분석기에 의해 수집 됩니다. 자발적인 브 릴 루 앵 스펙트럼 음향 스톡 및 소재의 반대로 스톡 공명 두 브 릴 루 앵 봉우리와 레일리 피크 (탄력적 흩어져 빛) 때문에 조명 레이저 주파수에 포함 되어 있습니다. 브 릴 루 앵 backscattering 형상에 대 한 브 릴 루 앵 주파수 조명 레이저 주파수에서 여러 g h z로 이동 하 고 수백 MHz의 스펙트럼 폭.
최근의 기술 진보에 거의 위상 배열 (VIPA) 몇 군데 동안 Fabry 페로 분석기를 스캐닝의 시스템 소프트 문제1,2자발적인 브 릴 루 앵 스펙트럼을 얻기 위한 선택, 분석기는 적절 한 스펙트럼 해상도 (하위-g h z)3,,45,,67훨씬 빠른 (초) 브 릴 루 앵 측정을 사용할 수 있습니다. 이 프로토콜에서는 계의 다른, 고속, 높은 스펙트럼 분해능, 정확한 브 릴 루 앵 비 탁 하 고 혼 탁 한에서 continuous-wave-자극-브 릴 루 앵-산란 (CW-SBS) 빛의 검출에 따라 건설 소개 거의 다시 산란 기에 샘플입니다.
CW-SBS 분광학, 연속파 (CW) 펌프와 프로브 레이저, 약간 주파수에 detuned 청각 파를 자극 하는 샘플에 겹칩니다. 펌프 및 프로브 광속의 주파수 차이 일치 하는 자료의 특정 음향 공명, 증폭 또는 프로브 신호의 deamplification에 의해 제공 됩니다 자극된 브 릴 루 앵 이득 또는 손실 (SBG/SBL) 프로세스, 각각; 그렇지 않으면, 아무 SBS (de) 증폭8,,910,11을 발생합니다. 따라서, SBG (SBL) 스펙트럼 소재 브 릴 루 앵 공명을 통해 레이저의 주파수 차이 검색 하 고 증가 (감소), 검출에 의해 취득 될 수 있다 또는 이득 (손실), 프로브 강도 SBS 때문에. 달리 자발적인 브 릴 루 앵 산란에서 탄성 산란 배경은 기본적으로 결 석 브 릴 루 앵 대조에 필요한 VIPA로 레일리 거부 필터 없이 탁 하 고 혼 탁 한 비 샘플에서 사용 하는 SBS에서 분석기10,11,13.
CW-SBS 분석기의 주요 구성 요소는 펌프와 프로브 레이저와 자극된 브 릴 루 앵 이득/손실 검출기 있습니다. 높은 스펙트럼 분해능, 고속 CW-SBS 분광학, 레이저 해야 단일 주파수 (&#60; 10 MHz 선 폭) 충분히 넓은 파장 tunability (20-30 g h z)와 스캔 속도 (&#62; 200 g h z/s), 장기 주파수 안정성 (&#60; 50 MHz/h)와 낮은 강도 잡음. 또한, 선형 편광, 회절 제한 레이저 몇 백의 힘을 가진 광선 (수만) 샘플에 mW의 펌프 (프로브) 빔에 대 한 필요는. 마지막으로, 부드러운 문제에 약한 뒤 자극된 브 릴 루 앵 이득/손실 (SBG/SBL) 수준 (10-5 -10-6)를 안정적으로 감지 하 자극된 브 릴 루 앵 이득/손실 검출기를 설계 한다. 이러한 요구에 맞게, 우리는 분산된 피드백 (DFB) 다이오드 레이저 편광을 유지 하기 위해 결합을 선택 울트라-협대역 원자를 결합 하는 자극된 브 릴 루 앵 이득/손실 검출기 함께 섬유 증기 노치 필터 및 높은 주파수 단일 변조 잠금 증폭기 그림 1에서 그림으로. 이 탐지 체계는 원하는 SBG 신호는 포함된11프로브 강도, 노이즈를 크게 줄이면서 SBG 신호 강도 두배로 한다. 우리의 SBS 분석기에 사용 된 원자 증기 노치 필터의 역할은 감소 모두 감지 VIPA 분석기에서 탄성 산란 배경 보다는 크게 원치 않는 길 잃은 펌프 반사의 탐지를 줄이기 위해 note 자발적인 레일리와 브 릴 루 앵 흩어져 빛. 아래 상세한 프로토콜을 사용 하 여, CW-SBS 분석기 건설할 수 있다 SBG 레벨 10-6 에서 낮은 물과 조직 팬텀의 전송 스펙트럼을 취득의 기능 &#60; 35 MHz 브 릴 루 앵 시프트 측정 정밀도 및 100 밀리초 안에.
<img alt="Figure 1" src="/files/ftp_upload/55527/55527fig1.jpg"> 
그림 1: 연속파 자극 브 릴 루 앵 산란 (CW-SBS) 분석기. 2 연속파 펌프와 프로브 다이오드 레이저 (DL), 주파수 샘플의 브 릴 루 앵 shift 주위 detuned는 결합 분극-유지 싱글 모드 섬유에 지닌 C1 와 C2, 각각. 펌프-프로브 주파수 차이 섬유 스플리터 (FS), 빠른 매칭 (FPD)와 주파수 카운터 (FC)의 집합을 사용 하 여 펌프와 프로브 레이저에서 벗 겨 서 까 래 사이의 비트 주파수를 감지 하 여 측정 됩니다. S-편광 프로브 빔 (라이트 레드), Keplerian 빔 익 스팬 더 (L1 와 L2)는 바로 원형으로 분기 웨이브 플레이트 (λ1/4)에 의해 편광을 사용 하 여 확장 하 고 achromatic 렌즈 (L3)에 의해 샘플 (S)에 집중. 효과적인 SBS 상호 작용 및 광학 절연을 위해 Keplerian 빔 확장기 (L5 와 L6)를 사용 하 여 확장 펌프 빔 (딥 레드)은 먼저 P-편광 반 파 판 λ2/4를 사용 하 여), 편광을 통해 전송 빔 스플리터 (PBS), 그리고 마지막으로 왼쪽 원형으로 분기 웨이브 플레이트 (λ2/4)에 의해 편광 이며 achromatic 렌즈 (L4, L3와 동일) 샘플에 초점을 맞춘. Note는 펌프 및 프로브 광속 거의 반대 전파 샘플에서 하 고는 S 지향 편광판 (P) 프로브 입력에서 P-편광 펌프 빔 (λ1/4에서 나오는)를 방지 하기 위해 사용 된 레이저. 잠금 검색, 펌프 빔 사인 fm acousto 광학 변조기 (AOM)에서 조절 된다. SBG 신호를 주파수 fm 에서 강도 편차로 각 성 (삽입 참조)와 복조한 잠금 증폭기 (LIA) 큰 영역 포토 다이오드 (PD)에 의해 감지에 따라. 광다이오드에 길 잃은 펌프 반사의 중요 한 제거, 협대역 브래그 필터 (BF)와 펌프 파장 주위 원자 노치 필터 (85RB) 사용 된다 함께 빛 차단 아이리스 (I)와 함께. 데이터는 브 릴 루 앵 스펙트럼의 추가 분석을 위해 데이터 수집 카드 (DAQ) 개인용 컴퓨터 (PC)에 연결 하 여 기록 됩니다. 모든 접이식 거울 (M1-M6) 물 샘플의 배치를 촉진을 위한 광학 테이블에 수직으로 장착 된 18 ' × 24 ' 브레드보드에는 분석기에 맞게 사용 됩니다. <a href="http://ecsource.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/55527/55527fig1large.jpg" target="_blank">이 그림의 더 큰 버전을 보려면 여기를 클릭 하십시오.</a>

<table><tbody><tr><td>Probe diode laser head and controller</td><td>Toptica Photonics</td><td>SYST DL-100-DFB</td><td>Quantity: 1</td></tr><tr><td>Pump amplified diode laser and controller</td><td>Toptica Photonics</td><td>SYST TA-pro-DFB</td><td>Quantity: 1</td></tr><tr><td>FC/APC fiber dock</td><td>Toptica Photonics</td><td>FiberDock&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Quantity: 3</td></tr><tr><td>High power single mode polarization maintaining FC/APC fiber patchcord</td><td>Toptica Photonics</td><td>OE-000796</td><td>Quantity: 1</td></tr><tr><td>FC/APC fiber collimation with adjustable collimation optics</td><td>Toptica Photonics</td><td>FiberOut</td><td>Quantity: 1</td></tr><tr><td>FC/APC fiber fixed collimator</td><td>OZ Optics</td><td>HPUCO-33A-780-P-6.1-AS</td><td>Quantity: 1</td></tr><tr><td>Single mode polarization maintaining fiber splitter 33:67</td><td>OZ Optics</td><td>FOBS-12P-111-4/125-PPP-780-67/33-40-3A3A3A-3-1</td><td>Quantity: 1</td></tr><tr><td>Single mode polarization maintaining fiber splitter 50:50</td><td>OZ Optics</td><td>FOBS-12P-111-4/125-PPP-780-50/50-40-3S3A3A-3-1</td><td>Quantity: 1</td></tr><tr><td>f=25 mm, &amp;Oslash;1/2&quot; Achromatic Doublet, SM05-Threaded Mount, ARC: 650-1050 nm</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td>AC127-025-B-ML</td><td>Quantity: 1</td></tr><tr><td>f=30 mm, &amp;Oslash;1&quot; Achromatic Doublet, SM1-Threaded Mount, ARC: 650-1050 nm</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td>AC254-30-B-ML</td><td>Quantity: 2</td></tr><tr><td>f=50 mm, &amp;Oslash;1&quot; Achromatic Doublet, SM1-Threaded Mount, ARC: 650-1050 nm</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td>AC254-50-B-ML</td><td>Quantity: 1</td></tr><tr><td>f=100 mm, &amp;Oslash;1&quot; Achromatic Doublet, SM1-Threaded Mount, ARC: 650-1050 nm</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td> AC254-100-B-ML</td><td>Quantity: 1</td></tr><tr><td>f=200 mm, &amp;Oslash;1&quot; Achromatic Doublet, SM1-Threaded Mount, ARC: 650-1050 nm</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td> AC254-200-B-ML</td><td>Quantity: 1</td></tr><tr><td>&amp;Oslash;1/2&quot; Broadband Dielectric Mirror, 750-1100 nm</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td> BB05-E03</td><td>Quantity: 4</td></tr><tr><td>&amp;Oslash;1&quot; Broadband Dielectric Mirror, 750-1100 nm</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td> BB1-E03</td><td>Quantity: 2</td></tr><tr><td>1&quot; Polarizing beamsplitter cube, 780 nm</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td> PBS25-780</td><td>Quantity: 1</td></tr><tr><td>&amp;Oslash;1&quot; Linear polarizer with N-BK7 protective windows, 600-1100 nm</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td> LPNIRE100-B</td><td>Quantity: 1</td></tr><tr><td>Shearing Interferometer with a 1-3 mm Beam Diameter Shear Plate</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td>SI035</td><td>Quantity: 1</td></tr><tr><td>6-Axis Locking kinematic optic mount</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td> K6XS</td><td>Quantity: 4</td></tr><tr><td>Compact five-axis platform</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td> PY005</td><td>Quantity: 1</td></tr><tr><td>Pedestal mounting adapter for 5-axis platform</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td> PY005A2</td><td>Quantity: 1</td></tr><tr><td>Polaris low drift &amp;Oslash;1/2&quot; kinematic mirror mount, 3 adjusters</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td> POLARIS-K05</td><td>Quantity: 4</td></tr><tr><td>Lens mount for &amp;Oslash;1&quot; optics</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td> LMR1</td><td>Quantity: 5</td></tr><tr><td>Adapter with external SM1 threads and Internal SM05 threads, 0.40&quot; thick</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td> SM1A6T</td><td>Quantity: 1</td></tr><tr><td>Rotation mount for &amp;Oslash;1&quot; optics</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td> RSP1</td><td>Quantity: 2</td></tr><tr><td>1&quot; Kinematic prism mount</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td> KM100PM</td><td>Quantity: 1</td></tr><tr><td>Graduated ring-activated SM1 iris diaphragm</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td> SM1D12C</td><td>Quantity: 1</td></tr><tr><td>Post-mounted iris diaphragm, &amp;Oslash;12.0 mm max aperture</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td>ID12</td><td>Quantity: 2</td></tr><tr><td>1/2&quot; translation stage with standard micrometer</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td>MT1</td><td>Quantity: 3</td></tr><tr><td>&amp;Oslash;1&quot; Pedestal pillar post, 8-32 taps, L = 1&quot;</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td>RS1P8E</td><td>Quantity: 1</td></tr><tr><td>&amp;Oslash;1&quot; Pedestal pillar post, 8-32 taps, L = 1.5&quot;</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td>RS1.5P8E</td><td>Quantity: 2</td></tr><tr><td>&amp;Oslash;1&quot; Pedestal pillar post, 8-32 taps, L = 2&quot;</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td>RS2P8E</td><td>Quantity: 4</td></tr><tr><td>&amp;Oslash;1&quot; Pedestal pillar post, 8-32 taps, L = 2.5&quot;</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td>RS2.5P8E</td><td>Quantity: 1</td></tr><tr><td>&amp;Oslash;1&quot; Pedestal pillar post, 8-32 taps, L = 3&quot;</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td>RS3P8E</td><td>Quantity: 4</td></tr><tr><td>Short clamping fork</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td>CF125</td><td>Quantity: 12</td></tr><tr><td>Mounting base</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td>BA1S</td><td>Quantity: 8</td></tr><tr><td>Large V-Clamp with PM4 Clamping Arm, 2.5&quot; Long, Imperial</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td>VC3C</td><td>Quantity: 1</td></tr><tr><td>&amp;Oslash;1/2&quot; Post holder, spring-loaded hex-locking thumbscrew, L = 1&quot;</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td>PH1</td><td>Quantity: 2</td></tr><tr><td>&amp;Oslash;1/2&quot; Post holder, spring-loaded hex-locking thumbscrew, L = 1.5&quot;</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td>PH1.5</td><td>Quantity: 2</td></tr><tr><td>&amp;Oslash;1/2&quot; Post holder, spring-loaded hex-locking thumbscrew, L = 2&quot;</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td>PH2</td><td>Quantity: 6</td></tr><tr><td>&amp;Oslash;1/2&quot; Optical post, SS, 8-32 setscrew, 1/4&quot;-20 tap, L = 1&quot;</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td>TR1</td><td>Quantity: 2</td></tr><tr><td>&amp;Oslash;1/2&quot; Optical post, SS, 8-32 setscrew, 1/4&quot;-20 tap, L = 1.5&quot;</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td>TR1.5</td><td>Quantity: 2</td></tr><tr><td>&amp;Oslash;1/2&quot; Optical post, SS, 8-32 setscrew, 1/4&quot;-20 tap, L = 2&quot;</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td>TR2</td><td>Quantity: 6</td></tr><tr><td>Aluminum breadboard 18&quot; x 24&quot; x 1/2&quot;, 1/4&quot;-20 taps</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td>MB1824</td><td>Quantity: 1</td></tr><tr><td>12&quot; Vertical bracket for breadboards, 1/4&quot;-20 holes, 1 piece</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td>VB01</td><td>Quantity: 2</td></tr><tr><td>Si photodiode, 40 ns Rise time, 400 - 1100 nm, 10 mm x 10 mm active area</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td> FDS1010</td><td>Quantity: 1</td></tr><tr><td>Waveplate, zero order, 1/4 wave 780nm</td><td>Tower Optics</td><td>Z-17.5-A-.250-B-780</td><td>Quantity: 2</td></tr><tr><td>Waveplate, zero order, 1/2 wave 780nm</td><td>Tower Optics</td><td>Z-17.5-A-.500-B-780</td><td>Quantity: 1</td></tr><tr><td>Fiber coupled ultra high speed photodetector</td><td>Newport</td><td>1434</td><td>Quantity: 1</td></tr><tr><td>Gimbal optical miror mount</td><td>Newport</td><td>U100-G2H ULTIMA</td><td>Quantity: 3</td></tr><tr><td>linear stage with 25 mm travel range</td><td>Newport</td><td>&amp;nbsp;M-423&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Quantity: 1</td></tr><tr><td>Lockable differential micrometer, 25 mm coarse, 0.2 mm fine,11 lb. load</td><td>Newport</td><td>&amp;nbsp;DM-25L</td><td>Quantity: 1</td></tr><tr><td>XYZ Motor linear stage</td><td>Applied Scientific Instrumentation</td><td>LS-50</td><td>Quantity: 3</td></tr><tr><td>Stage controller</td><td>Applied Scientific Instrumentation</td><td>MS-2000</td><td>Quantity: 1</td></tr><tr><td>Sample holder</td><td>Home made</td><td>Custom</td><td>Quantity: 1</td></tr><tr><td>Rubidium 85 Fused Silica spectroscopy cell with flat AR-coated windows, 150 mm length, 25mm diameter</td><td>Photonics Technologies</td><td>SC-RB85-25x150-Q-AR</td><td>Quantity: 1</td></tr><tr><td>Thermally conductive pad 300 mm x 300 mm</td><td>BERGQUIST</td><td>Q3AC 300MMX300MM SHEET</td><td>Quantity: 1</td></tr><tr><td>Heat tape 0.15 mm x 2.5&amp;nbsp; mm x 5 m, 4.29&amp;nbsp; W/m</td><td>KANTHAL</td><td>8908271</td><td>Quantity: 1</td></tr><tr><td>Polytetrafluoroethylene tape 1/2&#039;&#039; x 12 m</td><td>Teflon tape</td><td>R.G.D</td><td>Quantity: 1</td></tr><tr><td>Reflecting Bragg grating bandpass filter</td><td>OptiGrate</td><td>SPC-780</td><td>Quantity: 1</td></tr><tr><td>High frequncy aousto optic modulator</td><td>Gooch and Housego</td><td>15210</td><td>Quantity: 1</td></tr><tr><td>Aousto optic modulator RF driver, frequncy: 210 MHz&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Gooch and Housego</td><td>MHP210-1ADS2-A1</td><td>Quantity: 1</td></tr><tr><td>High frequncy lock-in amplifier&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Stanford Research Systems</td><td>SR844</td><td>Quantity: 1</td></tr><tr><td>Frequency counter</td><td>Phase Matrix</td><td>EIP 578B</td><td>Quantity: 1</td></tr><tr><td>Arbitrary function Generator</td><td>Tektronix</td><td>AFG2021</td><td>Quantity: 2</td></tr><tr><td>Data acquisition (DAQ) module</td><td>National Instruments</td><td>NI USB-6212 BNC</td><td>Quantity: 1</td></tr><tr><td>Data acquisition (DAQ) software&amp;nbsp;</td><td>National Instruments</td><td>LabVIEW 2014</td><td>Quantity: 1</td></tr><tr><td>Regulated DC power supply&amp;nbsp; dual 0-30V 5A</td><td>MEILI</td><td>MCH-305D-ii</td><td>Quantity: 1</td></tr><tr><td>Thermocouple</td><td>MRC</td><td>TP-01</td><td>Quantity: 1</td></tr><tr><td>Thermometer</td><td>MRC</td><td>TM-5007</td><td>Quantity: 1</td></tr><tr><td>Coaxial low pass filter DC-1.9 MHz</td><td>Mini Circuits</td><td>BLP-1.9+</td><td>Quantity: 1</td></tr><tr><td>20% lipid-emulsion</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>I141-100ml</td><td>Quantity: 1</td></tr><tr><td>round 25 mm diameter cover glass thick:1 #</td><td>Menzel Glaser</td><td>150285</td><td>Quantity: 1</td></tr><tr><td>Computational software&amp;nbsp;</td><td>MathWorks</td><td>MATLAB 2015a</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

high-speed continuous-wave stimulated brillouin scattering spectrometer for material analysis

최근 몇 년 동안 수성 솔루션 및 바이오 소재, 빠른 수집 시간 같은 부드러운 물질의 비 접촉 분석에 대 한 자발적인 브 릴 루 앵 분석기를 사용 하 여 중요 한 증가 목격 했다. 여기, 우리는 어셈블리를 토론 하 고 사용 하는 브 릴 루 앵 분석기의 작동으로 브 릴 루 앵 산란 (SBS) 물과 지질 유제-기반 조직 같은 샘플 전송 모드에서의 유도 브 릴 루 앵 이득 (SBG) 스펙트럼을 측정 하 자극 &lt; 10 MHz 스펙트럼 분해능 및 &lt; 35 MHz 브 릴 루 앵 시프트 측정 정밀도 &lt;는 분석기 거의 반대 전파 780에서 연속파 (CW) 좁은 선 폭 레이저 2의 구성 100 양 nm 누구의 주파수 튠을 통해 검사는 소재 브 릴 루 앵 시프트입니다. 울트라-협대역 뜨거운 루비듐-85 증기 노치 필터와 위상에 민감한 검출기를 사용 하 여는 신호--노이즈-비율에 SBG 신호는 크게 향상 된 기존 CW-SBS 분석기로 얻은 것에 비해. 이 개선에는 시간, 그로 인하여 빠른 속도로 부드러운 소재의 높은 스펙트럼 분해능 및 높은-정밀 브 릴 루 앵 분석을 용이 하 게 최대 100 빠른 수집 SBG 스펙트럼의 측정 수 있습니다.

그림 2b 와 3b 증류수 조직과 지질 에멀젼 각각 10 ms 및 100 ms 이내 (2.25 산란 이벤트와 45 cm-1에의 한 감쇠 계수) 팬텀 샘플 측정의 일반적인 포인트 SBG 스펙트럼 표시 합니다. 비교를 위해, 우리는 10에서 SBG 스펙트럼 측정 그림 2a 에 3a와 같이 s. 이러한 측정에 루비듐-85 증기 셀 ~ 104 길 잃은 펌프 반사를 약하?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about High-speed Continuous-wave Stimulated Brillouin Scattering Spectrometer for Material Analysis at JoVE.com

High-speed Continuous-wave Stimulated Brillouin Scattering Spectrometer for Material Analysis

우리는 빠른 continuous-wave-자극-브 릴 루 앵-산란 (CW-SBS) 분석기의 건설을 설명합니다. 분석기는 단일 주파수 다이오드 레이저를 사용 하 여 및 높은 스펙트럼-해상도 탁/비-혼 탁 한 샘플의 전송 스펙트럼을 얻으려고 원자 증기 노치 필터 속도 최대 약 기존 CW-SBS 분석기의 그들 보다는 빨리. 이 개선 고속 브 릴 루 앵 소재 분석을 수 있습니다.

소재 분석에 대 한 고속 연속파 자극된 브 릴 루 앵 산란 분 광 계

Recent years have witnessed a significant increase in the use of spontaneous Brillouin spectrometers for non-contact analysis of soft matter, such as ...

high-speed-continuous-wave-stimulated-brillouin-scattering

Research

JoVE Journal

Engineering

10.1K 조회수.  Ben-Gurion University of the Negev. 우리는 빠른 continuous-wave-자극-브 릴 루 앵-산란 (CW-SBS) 분석기의 건설을 설명합니다. 분석기는 단일 주파수 다이오드 레이저를 사용 하 여 및 높은 스펙트럼-해상도 탁/비-혼 탁 한 샘플의 전송 스펙트럼을 얻으려고 원자 증기 노치 필터 속도 최대 약 기존 CW-SBS 분석기의 그들 보다는 빨리. 이 개선 고속 브 릴 루 앵 소재 분석을 수 있습니다. 

비디오: High-speed Continuous-wave Stimulated Brillouin Scattering Spectrometer for Material Analysis

Rejection of Fluorescence Background in Resonance and Spontaneous Raman Microspectroscopy

Raman spectroscopy is often plagued by a strong fluorescent background, particularly for biological samples. If a sample is excited with a train of ultrafast pulses, a system that can temporally separate spectrally overlapping signals on a picosecond timescale can isolate promptly arriving Raman scattered light from late-arriving fluorescence light. Here we discuss the construction and operation of a complex nonlinear optical system that uses all-optical switching in the form of a low-power optical Kerr gate to isolate Raman and fluorescence signals. A single 808 nm laser with 2.4 W of average power and 80 MHz repetition rate is split, with approximately 200 mW of 808 nm light being converted to &lt; 5 mW of 404 nm light sent to the sample to excite Raman scattering. The remaining unconverted 808 nm light is then sent to a nonlinear medium where it acts as the pump for the all-optical shutter. The shutter opens and closes in 800 fs with a peak efficiency of approximately 5%. Using this system we are able to successfully separate Raman and fluorescence signals at an 80 MHz repetition rate using pulse energies and average powers that remain biologically safe. Because the system has no spare capacity in terms of optical power, we detail several design and alignment considerations that aid in maximizing the throughput of the system. We also discuss our protocol for obtaining the spatial and temporal overlap of the signal and pump beams within the Kerr medium, as well as a detailed protocol for spectral acquisition. Finally, we report a few representative results of Raman spectra obtained in the presence of strong fluorescence using our time-gating system.

We discuss the construction and operation of a complex nonlinear optical
system that uses ultrafast all-optical switching to isolate Raman from fluorescence
signals. Using this system we are able to successfully separate Raman and fluorescence
signals utilizing pulse energies and average powers that remain biologically safe.

공명과 자연 래맨 Microspectroscopy에 형광 배경 거부

Raman spectroscopy is often plagued by a strong fluorescent background, particularly for biological samples. If a sample is excited with a train of ...

연구

생체공학

Fabrication And Characterization Of Photonic Crystal Slow Light Waveguides And Cavities

Slow light has been one of the hot topics in the photonics community in the past decade, generating great interest both from a fundamental point of view and for its considerable potential for practical applications. Slow light photonic crystal waveguides, in particular, have played a major part and have been successfully employed for delaying optical signals1-4 and the enhancement of both linear5-7 and nonlinear devices.8-11
Photonic crystal cavities achieve similar effects to that of slow light waveguides, but over a reduced band-width. These cavities offer high Q-factor/volume ratio, for the realization of optically12 and electrically13 pumped ultra-low threshold lasers and the enhancement of nonlinear effects.14-16 Furthermore, passive filters17 and modulators18-19 have been demonstrated, exhibiting ultra-narrow line-width, high free-spectral range and record values of low energy consumption.
To attain these exciting results, a robust repeatable fabrication protocol must be developed. In this paper we take an in-depth look at our fabrication protocol which employs electron-beam lithography for the definition of photonic crystal patterns and uses wet and dry etching techniques. Our optimised fabrication recipe results in photonic crystals that do not suffer from vertical asymmetry and exhibit very good edge-wall roughness. We discuss the results of varying the etching parameters and the detrimental effects that they can have on a device, leading to a diagnostic route that can be taken to identify and eliminate similar issues.
The key to evaluating slow light waveguides is the passive characterization of transmission and group index spectra. Various methods have been reported, most notably resolving the Fabry-Perot fringes of the transmission spectrum20-21 and interferometric techniques.22-25 Here, we describe a direct, broadband measurement technique combining spectral interferometry with Fourier transform analysis.26 Our method stands out for its simplicity and power, as we can characterise a bare photonic crystal with access waveguides, without need for on-chip interference components, and the setup only consists of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, with no need for moving parts and delay scans.
When characterising photonic crystal cavities, techniques involving internal sources21 or external waveguides directly coupled to the cavity27 impact on the performance of the cavity itself, thereby distorting the measurement. Here, we describe a novel and non-intrusive technique that makes use of a cross-polarised probe beam and is known as resonant scattering (RS), where the probe is coupled out-of plane into the cavity through an objective. The technique was first demonstrated by McCutcheon et al.28 and further developed by Galli et al.29

Use of photonic crystal slow light waveguides and cavities has been widely adopted by the photonics community in many differing applications. Therefore fabrication and characterization of these devices are of great interest. This paper outlines our fabrication technique and two optical characterization methods, namely: interferometric (waveguides) and resonant scattering (cavities).

광자 크리스탈 느린 경 Waveguides 그리고 안의 공간의 제조 및 특성

Slow light has been one of the hot topics in the photonics community in the past decade, generating great interest both from a fundamental point of view ...

공학

Measuring Spatially- and Directionally-varying Light Scattering from Biological Material

Light interacts with an organism's integument on a variety of spatial scales. For example in an iridescent bird: nano-scale structures produce color; the milli-scale structure of barbs and barbules largely determines the directional pattern of reflected light; and through the macro-scale spatial structure of overlapping, curved feathers, these directional effects create the visual texture. Milli-scale and macro-scale effects determine where on the organism's body, and from what viewpoints and under what illumination, the iridescent colors are seen. Thus, the highly directional flash of brilliant color from the iridescent throat of a hummingbird is inadequately explained by its nano-scale structure alone and questions remain. From a given observation point, which milli-scale elements of the feather are oriented to reflect strongly? Do some species produce broader "windows" for observation of iridescence than others? These and similar questions may be asked about any organisms that have evolved a particular surface appearance for signaling, camouflage, or other reasons.
In order to study the directional patterns of light scattering from feathers, and their relationship to the bird's milli-scale morphology, we developed a protocol for measuring light scattered from biological materials using many high-resolution photographs taken with varying illumination and viewing directions. Since we measure scattered light as a function of direction, we can observe the characteristic features in the directional distribution of light scattered from that particular feather, and because barbs and barbules are resolved in our images, we can clearly attribute the directional features to these different milli-scale structures. Keeping the specimen intact preserves the gross-scale scattering behavior seen in nature. The method described here presents a generalized protocol for analyzing spatially- and directionally-varying light scattering from complex biological materials at multiple structural scales.

We present a non-destructive method for sampling spatial variation in the direction of light scattered from structurally complex materials. By keeping the material intact, we preserve gross-scale scattering behavior, while concurrently capturing fine-scale directional contributions with high-resolution imaging. Results are visualized in software at biologically-relevant positions and scales.

생물 재료의 공간적 및 방향성에 따라 변화 광산란 측정

Light interacts with an organism's integument on a variety of spatial scales. For example in an iridescent bird: nano-scale structures produce color; the ...

Observation and Analysis of Blinking Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering

From a single molecule at a silver nanoaggregate junction, blinking surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is observed. Here, a protocol is presented on how to prepare the SERS-active silver nanoaggregate, record a video of certain blinking spots in the microscopic image, and analyze the blinking statistics. In this analysis, a power law reproduces the probability distributions for bright events relative to their duration. The probability distributions for dark events are fitted by a power law with an exponential function. The parameters of the power law represent molecular behavior in both bright and dark states. The random walk model and the speed of the molecule across the entire silver surface can be estimated. It is difficult to estimate even when using averages, autocorrelation functions, and super-resolution SERS imaging. In the future, power law analyses should be combined with spectral imaging, because the origins of blinking cannot be confirmed by this analysis method alone.

This protocol describes the analysis of blinking surface-enhanced Raman scattering due to the random walk of a single molecule on a silver surface using power laws.

관찰 및 깜박이 표면 강화 된 라만 산란의 분석

From a single molecule at a silver nanoaggregate junction, blinking surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is observed. Here, a protocol is presented on ...

화학

Implementation of a Nonlinear Microscope Based on Stimulated Raman Scattering

Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy uses near-infrared excitation light; therefore, it shares many multi-photon microscopic imaging properties. SRS imaging modality can be obtained using commercial laser-scanning microscopes by equipping with a non-descanned forward detector with proper bandpass filters and lock-in amplifier (LIA) detection scheme. A schematic layout of a typical SRS microscope includes the following: two pulsed laser beams, (i.e., the pump and probe directed in a scanning microscope), which must be overlapped in both space and time at the image plane, then focused by a microscope objective into the sample through two scanning mirrors (SMs), which raster the focal spot across an x-y plane. After interaction with the sample, transmitted output pulses are collected by an upper objective and measured by a forward detection system inserted in an inverted microscope. Pump pulses are removed by a stack of optical filters, whereas the probe pulses that are the result of the SRS process occurring in the focal volume of the specimen are measured by a photodiode (PD). The readout of the PD is demodulated by the LIA to extract the modulation depth. A two-dimensional (2D) image is obtained by synchronizing the forward detection unit with the microscope scanning unit. In this paper, the implementation of an SRS microscope is described and successfully demonstrated, as well as the reporting of label-free images of polystyrene beads with diameters of 3 &#181;m. It is worth noting that SRS microscopes are not commercially available, so in order to take advantage of these characteristics, the homemade construction is the only option. Since SRS microscopy is becoming popular in many fields, it is believed that this careful description of the SRS microscope implementation can be very useful for the scientific community.

In this manuscript, the implementation of a stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscope, obtained by the integration of an SRS experimental set-up with a laser scanning microscope, is described. The SRS microscope is based on two femtosecond (fs) laser sources, a Ti-Sapphire (Ti:Sa) and synchronized optical parametric oscillator (OPO).

자극된 라만 산란을 기반으로 한 비선형 현미경 구현

Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy uses near-infrared excitation light; therefore, it shares many multi-photon microscopic imaging properties. ...

High Speed Sub-GHz Spectrometer for Brillouin Scattering Analysis

The goal of this protocol is to build a parallel high-extinction and high-resolution optical Brillouin spectrometer. Brillouin spectroscopy is a non-contact measurement method that can be used to obtain direct readouts of viscoelastic material properties. It has been a useful tool in material characterization, structural monitoring and environmental sensing. In the past, Brillouin spectroscopy has usually employed scanning Fabry-Perot etalons to perform spectral analysis. This process requires high illumination power and long acquisition times, making the technique unsuitable for biomedical applications. A recently introduced novel spectrometer overcomes this challenge by employing two VIPAs in a cross-axis configuration. This innovation enables sub-Gigahertz (GHz) resolution spectral analysis with sub-second acquisition time and illumination power within the safety limits of biological tissue. The multiple new applications facilitated by this improvement are currently being explored in biological research and clinical application.

Here we present a protocol to build a rapid Brillouin spectrometer. Cascading virtually imaged phase array (VIPA) etalons achieve a measurement speed more than 1,000 times faster than traditional scanning Fabry-Perot spectrometers. This improvement provides the means for Brillouin analysis of tissue and biomaterials at low power levels in vivo.

브릴 루앙 산란 분석을위한 고속 서브 GHz의 분광계

The goal of this protocol is to build a parallel high-extinction and high-resolution optical Brillouin spectrometer. Brillouin spectroscopy is a ...

Optimizing Brillouin Optical Time-Domain Analyzers Based on Gain Spectrum Engineering

Demonstrated is a unique method for sensing performance enhancement in Brillouin optical time-domain analyzers (BOTDA). A Brillouin gain spectrum (BGS) is superimposed with two symmetric Brillouin loss spectra (BLS). This leads to a complex engineered spectrum shape that is more resistant to the sensing system noise. Instead of only one pump and probe interaction as in the conventional BOTDA setup, three optical probe waves are exploited, with one probe located in the BGS and the other two symmetrically in the BLS. Due to the resistance and insensitivity of the engineered spectrum shape to the noise, the sensing performance is enhanced by 60% and the measurand resolution is doubled.

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>Gain Spectrum Engineering을 기반으로 한 Brillouin Optical Time-Domain Analyzer 최적화

A protocol for Brillouin optical time-domain analyzers based on gain spectrum engineering is presented. Enhancements in the sensing performance, including sensing range and measurand resolution are achieved and the excess Brillouin intensity noise is studied. The protocol introduces a new way to enhance distributed Brillouin sensing performance.

Gain Spectrum Engineering을 기반으로 한 Brillouin Optical Time-Domain Analyzer 최적화

Demonstrated is a unique method for sensing performance enhancement in Brillouin optical time-domain analyzers (BOTDA). A Brillouin gain spectrum (BGS) is ...

Preparation of Extracellular Matrix Protein Fibers for Brillouin Spectroscopy

Brillouin spectroscopy is an emerging technique in the biomedical field. It probes the mechanical properties of a sample through the interaction of visible light with thermally induced acoustic waves or phonons propagating at a speed of a few km/sec. Information on the elasticity and structure of the material is obtained in a nondestructive contactless manner, hence opening the way to in vivo applications and potential diagnosis of pathology. This work describes the application of Brillouin spectroscopy to the study of biomechanics in elastin and trypsin-digested type I collagen fibers of the extracellular matrix. Fibrous proteins of the extracellular matrix are the building blocks of biological tissues and investigating their mechanical and physical behavior is key to establishing structure-function relationships in normal tissues and the changes which occur in disease. The procedures of sample preparation followed by measurement of Brillouin spectra using a reflective substrate are presented together with details of the optical system and methods of spectral data analysis.

We present a protocol for the application of Brillouin light scattering spectroscopy to elastin and trypsin-purified type I collagen fibers of the extracellular matrix to extract their full elastic properties.

브릴 루앙 분광학에 대한 세포 외 기질 단백질 섬유의 제조

Brillouin spectroscopy is an emerging technique in the biomedical field. It probes the mechanical properties of a sample through the interaction of ...

Multiplex Chemical Imaging Based on Broadband Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy

Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy is a nonlinear optical technique for label-free chemical imaging. This analytical tool delivers chemical maps at high speed, and high spatial resolution of thin samples by directly interrogating their molecular vibrations. In its standard implementation, SRS microscopy is narrowband and forms images with only a single vibrational frequency at a time. However, this approach not only hinders the chemical specificity of SRS but also neglects the wealth of information encoded within vibrational spectra. 
These limitations can be overcome by broadband SRS, an implementation capable of extracting a vibrational spectrum per pixel of the image in parallel. This delivers hyperspectral data that, when coupled with chemometric analysis, maximizes the amount of information retrieved from the specimen. Thus, broadband SRS improves the chemical specificity of the system, allowing the quantitative determination of the concentration of the different constituents of a sample. Here, we report a protocol for chemical imaging with broadband SRS microscopy, based on a home-built SRS microscope operating with a custom differential multichannel-lock-in amplifier detection. It discusses the sample preparation, alignment of the SRS apparatus, and chemometric analysis. By acquiring vibrational Raman spectra, the protocol illustrates how to identify different chemical species within a mixture, determining their relative concentrations.

We present a protocol to acquire chemical images with broadband stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy. Based on an SRS microscope that operates with differential multichannel-lock-in detection, the protocol describes the sample preparation, adjustment of the SRS apparatus, and chemometrics to disentangle different constituents of chemically heterogeneous samples.

광대역 자극 라만 산란 현미경을 기반으로 한 멀티플렉스 화학 이미징

Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy is a nonlinear optical technique for label-free chemical imaging. This analytical tool delivers chemical maps ...

소재 분석에 대 한 고속 연속파 자극된 브 릴 루 앵 산란 분 광 계

요약

더 많은 비디오 탐색

공명과 자연 래맨 Microspectroscopy에 형광 배경 거부

광자 크리스탈 느린 경 Waveguides 그리고 안의 공간의 제조 및 특성

생물 재료의 공간적 및 방향성에 따라 변화 광산란 측정

관찰 및 깜박이 표면 강화 된 라만 산란의 분석

자극된 라만 산란을 기반으로 한 비선형 현미경 구현

브릴 루앙 산란 분석을위한 고속 서브 GHz의 분광계

Gain Spectrum Engineering을 기반으로 한 Brillouin Optical Time-Domain Analyzer 최적화

Gain Spectrum Engineering을 기반으로 한 Brillouin Optical Time-Domain Analyzer 최적화

브릴 루앙 분광학에 대한 세포 외 기질 단백질 섬유의 제조

광대역 자극 라만 산란 현미경을 기반으로 한 멀티플렉스 화학 이미징