우리는 모든 원고가이 원고를 쓰고주의 깊게 읽는 것에 기여한 것에 대해 감사드립니다. 외과 적 프로토콜에 대한 유용한 의견을 제공하는 Gisèle Ferrand 박사와 소음 노출을위한 원래의 Labview 실행 파일을 제공 한 Dr. Jean-Yves Chatton에 대한 토론을 자극 한 Paul Franken에게 감사드립니다. 스위스 국립 과학 재단 (Grants 31003A_146244 및 31003A_166318)과 Etat de Vaud가 기금을 지원했습니다.

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저자는 경쟁적 인 금전적 이익이 없다고 선언합니다.

여기서는 EEG, EMG 및 ECG 변수가 통합 된 비 REM 수면의 연속 시간 프로파일을 설정하는 방법을 보여줍니다. 이것은 마우스 수면에 대한 통합 설명을 개발하기위한 첫 번째 단계입니다. 비 수면 중 수면 중 잡음에 대한 높은 탄력성과 낮은 탄력성을 구성하는 이전에 인식 할 수 없었던 시간을 식별하는 데 도움이 될 수 있습니다 1 . 유사한 시간적 구조는 유사한 분석 (1)...

포유류의 수면은 환경 적 자극에 대한 휴식과 회복력의 행동 상태입니다. 이 명백한 균일 성에도 불구하고, polysomnographic 및 자율 매개 변수는 다양한 시간적 및 공간적 척도 1 정성 및 양적으로 다른 신경 및 신체 상태 사이의 수면 이동을 나타냅니다. 몇 분에서 수십 분 동안 비 REM과 REM 수면 사이의 전환이 발생합니다. 비 REM 수면은 뇌파에서 큰 진폭, 저주파수 활동을 수반하며, REM 수면은 세타 밴드 (6 - 10 Hz)에서 규칙적인 뇌파 활동을 보여 주며 근육 atonia 2 . 비 REM 수면에서 인간은 빛 (S2)과 깊은 저속 수면 (SWS)을 순환합니다. 그들의 명명에서 알 수 있듯이,이 두 단계는 각각 낮고 높은 각성 문턱 값 3 , 4를 보여 주며, 주로 낮은 빈도slow wave activity (SWA; 0.75 - 4 Hz)라고 불리는 대뇌 피질의 뇌파 에너지. 비 균일 성은 시합 5 , 6 의 과정에서 SWA의 다양한 존재에 의해 광범위하게 문서화되어 있기 때문에 분과 초 2 배 시간대에 S2와 SWS의 개별 관찰을 통해 지속되지만 EEG와 현장 잠재 리듬에도 영향을 미친다. 시그마 대역 (10-15 Hz)과 감마 리듬 (80-120 Hz)에서 스핀들 파를 포함하여 더 높은 주파수 (검토를 위해 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 참조 ). 미묘한 변화보다는 인간의 수면 피질 상태를 극단적 인 스펙트럼으로 이동시킵니다. 비 REM 수면, SWA의 우위 상태에서 이러한 범위는 대략 웨이크 같은 활동들은 고주파 부품 (11)의 상당 부분을 포함하고 있기 때문 <sup&gt;, 12 . 비 REM 수면 단계로 분할되지 않는다 설치류 및 고양이에서는 중간 슬립 (IS)이라는 짧은 기간이 REM 수면 개시 전에 13 나온다. IS 동안, hippocampal theta activity와 ponto-geniculo-occipital waves와 같은 REM 수면 특징이 시작되고 스핀들 파와 SWA와 같은 비 REM 수면 시그니처는 여전히 존재하며 두 수면 상태 14 , 15 사이의 혼합을 나타냅니다. 그럼에도 불구하고, IS는 항우울제 16에 의해 변조되고 이전 깨우기 17 동안 새로운 대상 제시를 통해 기능적으로 구별 될 수 있으며 각성 문턱 설정에 기여합니다 18 . 또한, 자유롭게 움직이는 쥐의 뇌파 및 EMG 매개 변수의 상태 공간 플롯은 비 REM 수면, REM 수면 및 각성 사이에 연속하는 점 14 의 클러스터를 보여줍니다. SWA에는 간헐적으로 쇠퇴하거나 REM 수면을 취하지 않아 합병 된 비 REM 수면 시합 중 저주파 및 고주파 성분의 상대적인 존재가 상당 부분 변동합니다 14 , 19 , 20 . 마지막으로, 비 REM 수면 중에 SWA 및 고주파수 리듬의 가변 비율은 시간뿐만 아니라, 대뇌 피질의 영역 (19) 사이의 진폭과 동기 지역적 차이를 보이지에만 발생한다. 포유 동물의 비 REM 수면은 획일적이지 않습니다. 그러나 그러한 불균일성이 기능과 행동 특성이 다른 상태로 연결되는지 여부는 명확하지 않다. 수면 장애의 여러 유형에서, 지속적인 수면은 자발적 각성과 부적절한 운동 행동에 의해 방해받습니다. 더욱이, 스펙트럼 분석은 EEG 21 에서의 더 높은 주파수의 상대적 존재의 변화를 보여준다호흡 률 및 심장 박동 비율과 같은 자율 매개 변수 22 . 안정된 수면 상태의 질서있는 순서는 따라서 교란되고, 피질 및 / 또는 자율 신경 자극의 요소는 통제되지 않은 방식으로 침입한다. 그러므로 수면 상태의 연속을 이해하는 것이 질병과 관련이있을 수 있습니다. 또한, 도시 환경에서 환경 소음에 의해 수면의 동요는이 중요한 수면 23시 고조 취약점의 순간을 식별하기 위해 렌더링, 일반 건강 위험과 연관되어 있습니다. 인간을 자고 행동 각성 실험 광 불 REM 수면 (단계 S2) 및 REM 수면 쇼 비교 및 하부 자극 반면 4 임계 값, SWA 지배 비 REM 수면 (단계 S3)에서 일어나 어려운는 것을 나타낸다. 짧은 소리 자극의 피질 처리는 REM sleep, S2 및 S3 24 사이에서 상당히 다르며 ,(25), 상태 별 피질 활동 패턴 감각의 제 1 프로세싱 단계를 조절하는 것을 나타낸다. 사람의 비 REM 수면의 경우 소음에 대한 반응으로 기상하는 경향은 뇌파의 존재와 EEG 26 , 27 , 28 의 알파 리듬에 따라 다릅니다. 스핀들 중 Thalamocortical 율동성 관능 처리부 (7)의 감쇠에 기여하는 것으로 생각된다 모두 시상과 피질 수준에서 향상된 시냅스 저해를 수반한다. 소음에 강하고 잠잘 수없는 잠자는 시간은 어떻게 구성되며 그 결정 요인은 무엇입니까? 생쥐와 인간 모두에서 최근에 우리는 신경 리듬에서 0.02Hz 이하의 느린 진동을 확인했습니다. 이 0.02-Hz 발진의 위상에 따라, 마우스는 외부 자극에 대한 반응성이 가변적이었으며, 깨어나거나 잠자는 동안잡음. 흥미롭게도이 진동은 심박동 수와 상관 관계가있어 자율 신경계가 외부 자극에 대한 수면의 조절에 참여한다는 것을 나타냅니다 1 . 기억과 관련된 해마 리듬도이 리듬 내에서 조직되었으며, 가장 두드러지게 그 강도는 사람의 기억력 강화의 품질과 관련이 있습니다. 0.02-Hz 발진은 환경에 대한 민감도와 내부 기억 처리를 모두 조절하는 설치류 및 인간 non-REM 수면의 조직 원리 인 것으로 보인다. 이것은 잠자기 상태에 대한 다중 매개 변수화 및 연속 평가의 필요성을 다시 한번 강조하여 잠재적 인 취약성을 식별하고 기능을 인식합니다. 여기서는 이러한 역학 파형을 추출하는 절차를 제시합니다. 여기에는 EEG / ECoG 및 EMG-ECG 측정, 감각 자극에 대한 노출,분석 루틴. 이 절차는 수면을 지속적으로 다양하지만 고도로 조직화 된 경계 상태로 보는 기본을 제공하며 그 동안 서로 다른 기본 수면 기능이 순차적으로 실행됩니다. 보다 일반적으로이 절차는 건강 상태와 질병 상태 모두에서 수면 중에 행동 결과를 선행하는 스펙트럼 및 자율 특징을 추출하는 것을 목표로하는 접근법에 적용 가능하다.

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quantifying infra-slow dynamics of spectral power and heart rate in sleeping mice

포유 동물의 삶을 지배하는 세 가지 경계 상태 : 깨어 있음, 비 급속 안구 운동 (비 REM) 수면, 그리고 REM 수면. 자유롭게 움직이는 동물에서 행동의 신경 상관 관계가 더 많이 식별됨에 따라이 3 배 세분은 너무 단순 해집니다. 각성 (wakefulness) 동안, 전역 및 국소 피질 활동의 앙상블은 동공 직경 및 교감 신경 균형과 같은 주변 변수와 함께 다양한 정도의 각성을 정의합니다. 수면이 또한 뇌 상태의 연속체를 형성하는 정도는 불분명하며, 그 안에서 감각 자극 및 각성, 그리고 아마도 다른 수면 기능에 대한 복원력의 정도는 점진적으로 변하고 주변 생리 상태는 어떻게 변하는 지 불분명합니다. 수면 중 여러 매개 변수를 모니터링하는 방법을 발전시키고 이러한 기능적 특성의 별자리로 귀결시키는 연구는 여러 가지 유익한 효과가 있어야하는 다기능 프로세스로서 수면에 대한 이해를 개선하는 데 핵심적입니다적응. 수면 상태를 특징으로하는 새로운 매개 변수를 확인하면 수면 장애에서 새로운 진단 방법을 찾을 수 있습니다. 우리는 표준 polysomnographic 기록 기술을 사용하여 뇌파 (EEG) / electrocorticogram (ECoG), electromyogram (EMG) 및 심전도 (ECG) 신호의 결합 모니터링 및 분석을 통해 마우스 비 REM 수면 상태의 동적 변화를 설명하는 절차를 제시합니다. 이 접근법을 사용하여 우리는 마우스 비 REM 수면이 외부 자극에 대해 높고 낮은 취약성의 연속 25 초 간격을 생성하는 조정 된 신경 진동 및 심장 진동의 주기로 구성된다는 것을 발견했습니다. 따라서 중추 신경계와 자율 신경계는 통합 된 비 REM 수면 중에 행동 적으로 다른 수면 상태를 형성하도록 조정됩니다. 자유롭게 수면을 취하는 마우스에서 이러한주기를 추적하기 위해 polysomnographic ( 즉, EEG / EMG와 ECG) 모니터링을위한 수술 조작을 제시하고, quanti그들의 역 동성 및 음향 자극 프로토콜을 사용하여 깨어날 확률을 평가합니다. 우리의 접근법은 이미 인간의 수면으로 확장되었으며 포유류에서 비 REM 수면 상태의 일반적인 조직 원칙을 풀어 나갈 것을 약속합니다.

도 2 A (상부 패널)에 기술 된 바와 같이 전극을 통해 주입 수면 다원 기록 자발 슬립 웨이크 동작 100 분 뻗어을 나타낸다 (도 1 참조). 비 REM 수면 시작시 EEG 및 EMG 진폭의 증가 및 감소가 명확하게 표시됩니다. 간헐적 인 REM 수면은 EEG 진폭이 감소하고이 압축 된 시간 눈금에서 보이지 않는 EMG 톤이 더 감소 함으로 표?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Quantifying Infra-slow Dynamics of Spectral Power and Heart Rate in Sleeping Mice at JoVE.com

Quantifying Infra-slow Dynamics of Spectral Power and Heart Rate in Sleeping Mice

여기, 음향 자극에 수면 반응을 조절하는 생쥐의 비 REM 수면의 신경 및 심장 변수의 시간적 역학을 설명하기위한 실험 및 분석 절차를 제시합니다.

수면 마우스의 스펙트럼 파워 및 심박수의 저속 역학 정량화

Three vigilance states dominate mammalian life: wakefulness, non-rapid eye movement (non-REM) sleep, and REM sleep. As more neural correlates of behavior ...

quantifying-infra-slow-dynamics-spectral-power-heart-rate-sleeping

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

9.9K 조회수.  University of Lausanne.  여기, 음향 자극에 수면 반응을 조절하는 생쥐의 비 REM 수면의 신경 및 심장 변수의 시간적 역학을 설명하기위한 실험 및 분석 절차를 제시합니다. 

비디오: Quantifying Infra-slow Dynamics of Spectral Power and Heart Rate in Sleeping Mice

Simultaneous Video-EEG-ECG Monitoring to Identify Neurocardiac Dysfunction in Mouse Models of Epilepsy

In epilepsy, seizures can evoke cardiac rhythm disturbances such as heart rate changes, conduction blocks, asystoles, and arrhythmias, which can potentially increase risk of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). Electroencephalography (EEG) and electrocardiography (ECG) are widely used clinical diagnostic tools to monitor for abnormal brain and cardiac rhythms in patients. Here, a technique to simultaneously record video, EEG, and ECG in mice to measure behavior, brain, and cardiac activities, respectively, is described. The technique described herein utilizes a tethered (i.e., wired) recording configuration in which the implanted electrode on the head of the mouse is hard-wired to the recording equipment. Compared to wireless telemetry recording systems, the tethered arrangement possesses several technical advantages such as a greater possible number of channels for recording EEG or other biopotentials; lower electrode costs; and greater frequency bandwidth (i.e., sampling rate) of recordings. The basics of this technique can also be easily modified to accommodate recording other biosignals, such as electromyography (EMG) or plethysmography for assessment of muscle and respiratory activity, respectively. In addition to describing how to perform the EEG-ECG recordings, we also detail methods to quantify the resulting data for seizures, EEG spectral power, cardiac function, and heart rate variability, which we demonstrate in an example experiment using a mouse with epilepsy due to Kcna1 gene deletion. Video-EEG-ECG monitoring in mouse models of epilepsy or other neurological disease provides a powerful tool to identify dysfunction at the level of the brain, heart, or brain-heart interactions.

Here, we present a protocol to record brain and heart bio signals in mice using simultaneous video, electroencephalography (EEG), and electrocardiography (ECG). We also describe methods to analyze the resulting EEG-ECG recordings for seizures, EEG spectral power, cardiac function, and heart rate variability.

동시 비디오-뇌 파-ECG 모니터링 Neurocardiac 부전 간 질 마우스 모델에서을 식별 하

In epilepsy, seizures can evoke cardiac rhythm disturbances such as heart rate changes, conduction blocks, asystoles, and arrhythmias, which can ...

연구

유전학

Implantation of Radiotelemetry Transmitters Yielding Data on ECG, Heart Rate, Core Body Temperature and Activity in Free-moving Laboratory Mice

The laboratory mouse is the animal species of choice for most biomedical research, in both the academic sphere and the pharmaceutical industry. Mice are a manageable size and relatively easy to house. These factors, together with the availability of a wealth of spontaneous and experimentally induced mutants, make laboratory mice ideally suited to a wide variety of research areas.
In cardiovascular, pharmacological and toxicological research, accurate measurement of parameters relating to the circulatory system of laboratory animals is often required. Determination of heart rate, heart rate variability, and duration of PQ and QT intervals are based on electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings. However, obtaining reliable ECG curves as well as physiological data such as core body temperature in mice can be difficult using conventional measurement techniques, which require connecting sensors and lead wires to a restrained, tethered, or even anaesthetized animal. Data obtained in this fashion must be interpreted with caution, as it is well known that restraining and anesthesia can have a major artifactual influence on physiological parameters1, 2.
Radiotelemetry enables data to be collected from conscious and untethered animals. Measurements can be conducted even in freely moving animals, and without requiring the investigator to be in the proximity of the animal. Thus, known sources of artifacts are avoided, and accurate and reliable measurements are assured. This methodology also reduces interanimal variability, thus reducing the number of animals used, rendering this technology the most humane method of monitoring physiological parameters in laboratory animals3, 4. Constant advancements in data acquisition technology and implant miniaturization mean that it is now possible to record physiological parameters and locomotor activity continuously and in realtime over longer periods such as hours, days or even weeks3, 5.
Here, we describe a surgical technique for implantation of a commercially available telemetry transmitter used for continuous measurements of core body temperature, locomotor activity and biopotential (i.e. onelead ECG), from which heart rate, heart rate variability, and PQ and QT intervals can be established in freeroaming, untethered mice. We also present pre-operative procedures and protocols for post-operative intensive care and pain treatment that improve recovery, well-being and survival rates in implanted mice5, 6.

A surgical technique for implantation of commercially available telemetry transmitters used for continuous measurement of biopotential (one-lead ECG), heart rate, core body temperature and locomotor activity in freely moving mice is shown. Recommendations and protocols for post-operative care and pain relief, improving recovery, well being and survival rate are also presented.

ECG, 심장 박동, 코어 바디 온도 및 자유 이동 실험실 마우스의 활동에 데이터를 항복 Radiotelemetry 송신기의 주입

The laboratory mouse is the animal species of choice for most biomedical research, in both the academic sphere and the pharmaceutical industry. Mice are a ...

의학

Noninvasive, High-throughput Determination of Sleep Duration in Rodents

Traditionally, sleep is monitored by an electroencephalogram (EEG). EEG studies in rodents require surgical implantation of the electrodes followed by a long recovery period. To perform an EEG recording, the animal is connected to a receiver, creating an unnatural tether to the head-mount. EEG monitoring is time consuming, carries risk to the animal, and is not a completely natural setting for the measurement of sleep. Alternative methods to detect sleep, particularly in a high-throughput fashion, would greatly advance the field of sleep research. Here, we describe a validated method for detecting sleep via activity-based home-cage monitoring. Previous studies have shown that sleep assessed via this method has a high degree of agreement with sleep defined by traditional EEG-based measures. Whereas this method is validated for total sleep time, it is important to note that sleep bout duration should be assessed by an EEG which has better temporal resolution. The EEG can also differentiate rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM sleep, giving more detail about the exact nature of sleep. Nevertheless, activity-based sleep determination can be used to analyze multiple days of undisturbed sleep and to assess sleep as a response to an acute event (like stress). Here, we show the power of this system to detect the response of mice to daily intraperitoneal injections.

We describe a high-throughput method of measuring sleep by means of activity-based home-cage monitoring. This method offers advantages over traditional EEG-based methods. It is well validated for the determination of total sleep duration and can be a powerful tool to monitor sleep in rodent models of human disease.

수 면 기간 설치류의 비 침범 성, 높은 처리량 결정

Traditionally, sleep is monitored by an electroencephalogram (EEG). EEG studies in rodents require surgical implantation of the electrodes followed by a ...

행동분석학

Polygraphic Recording Procedure for Measuring Sleep in Mice

Recording of the epidural electroencephalogram (EEG) and electromyogram (EMG) in small animals, like mice and rats, has been pivotal to study the homeodynamics and circuitry of sleep-wake regulation. In many laboratories, a cable-based sleep recording system is used to monitor the EEG and EMG in freely behaving mice in combination with computer software for automatic scoring of the vigilance states on the basis of power spectrum analysis of EEG data. A description of this system is detailed herein. Steel screws are implanted over the frontal cortical area and the parietal area of 1 hemisphere for monitoring EEG signals. In addition, EMG activity is monitored by the bilateral placement of wires in both neck muscles. Non-rapid eye movement (Non-REM; NREM) sleep is characterized by large, slow brain waves with delta activity below 4 Hz in the EEG, whereas a shift from low-frequency delta activity to a rapid low-voltage EEG in the theta range between 6 and 10 Hz can be observed at the transition from NREM to REM sleep. By contrast, wakefulness is identified by low- to moderate-voltage brain waves in the EEG trace and significant EMG activity.

The recording of electroencephalogram (EEG) and electromyogram (EMG) in freely behaving mice is a critical step to correlate behavior and physiology with sleep and wakefulness. The experimental protocol described herein provides a cable-based system for acquiring EEG and EMG recordings in mice.

Recording of the epidural electroencephalogram (EEG) and electromyogram (EMG) in small animals, like mice and rats, has been pivotal to study the ...

신경과학

Novel Approach for Simultaneous Recording of Renal Sympathetic Nerve Activity and Blood Pressure with Intravenous Infusion in Conscious, Unrestrained Mice.

Renal sympathetic nerves contribute significantly to both physiological and pathophysiological phenomena. Evaluating renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) is of great interest in many areas of research such as chronic kidney disease, hypertension, heart failure, diabetes and obesity. Unequivocal assessment of the role of the sympathetic nervous system is thus imperative for proper interpretation of experimental results and understanding of disease processes. RSNA has been traditionally measured in anesthetized rodents, including mice. However, mice usually exhibit very low systemic blood pressure and hemodynamic instability for several hours during anesthesia and surgery. Meaningful interpretation of RSNA is confounded by this non-physiological state, given the intimate relationship between sympathetic nervous tone and cardiovascular status. To address this limitation of traditional approaches, we developed a new method for measuring RSNA in conscious, freely-moving mice. Mice were chronically instrumented with radio-telemeters for continuous monitoring of blood pressure as well as a jugular venous infusion catheter and custom-designed bipolar electrode for direct recording of RSNA. Following a 48-72 hour recovery period, survival rate was 100% and all mice behaved normally. At this time-point, RSNA was successfully recorded in 80% of mice, with viable signals acquired up to 4 and 5 days post-surgery in 70% and 50% of mice, respectively. Physiological blood pressures were recorded in all mice (116&plusmn;2 mmHg; n=10). Recorded RSNA increased with eating and grooming, as well-established in the literature. Furthermore, RSNA was validated by ganglionic blockade and modulation of blood pressure with pharmacological agents. Herein, an effective and manageable method for clear recording of RSNA in conscious, freely-moving mice is described.

Anesthetized mice exhibit non-physiological systemic blood pressure, which precludes meaningful assessment of autonomic tone given the intimate relationship between blood pressure and the autonomic nervous system. Thus, a novel method to simultaneously record renal sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure with intravenous infusion in conscious mice is outlined.

신장 동 정적인 신경 활동의 의식, 정 맥 주입 혈압 동시 녹음에 대 한 새로운 접근 방식을 억제 쥐.

Renal sympathetic nerves contribute significantly to both physiological and pathophysiological phenomena. Evaluating renal sympathetic nerve activity ...

Echocardiographic Measurement of Right Ventricular Diastolic Parameters in Mouse

Diastolic dysfunction is a prominent feature of right ventricular (RV) remodeling associated with conditions of pressure overload. However, the RV diastolic function is rarely quantified in experimental studies. This might be due to technical difficulties in the visualization of the RV in the apical four-chamber view in rodents. Here we describe two positions facilitating the visualization of the apical four-chamber view in mice to assess the RV diastolic function.
The apical four-chamber view is enabled by tilting the mouse fixation platform to the left and caudally (LeCa) or to the right and cranially (RiCr). Both positions provide images of comparable quality. The results of the RV diastolic function obtained from two positions are not significantly different. Both positions are comparably easy to perform. This protocol can be incorporated into published protocols and enables detailed investigations of the RV function.

Here we describe and compare two positions for obtaining the apical four-chamber view in mice. These positions enable the quantification of the right ventricular function, provide comparable results, and can be used interchangeably.

마우스의 우심실 확장기 매개변수의 심초음파 측정

Diastolic dysfunction is a prominent feature of right ventricular (RV) remodeling associated with conditions of pressure overload. However, the RV ...

Computer-based Multitaper Spectrogram Program for Electroencephalographic Data

Current web resources provide limited, user friendly tools to compute spectrograms for visualizing and quantifying electroencephalographic (EEG) data. This paper describes a Windows-based, open source code for creating EEG multitaper spectrograms. The compiled program is accessible to Windows users without software licensing. For Macintosh users, the program is limited to those with a MATLAB software license. The program is illustrated via EEG spectrograms that vary as a function of states of sleep and wakefulness, and opiate-induced alterations in those states. The EEGs of C57BL/6J mice were wirelessly recorded for 4 h after intraperitoneal injection of saline (vehicle control) and antinociceptive doses of morphine, buprenorphine, and fentanyl. Spectrograms showed that buprenorphine and morphine caused similar changes in EEG power at 1&#8722;3 Hz and 8&#8722;9 Hz. Spectrograms after administration of fentanyl revealed maximal average power bands at 3 Hz and 7 Hz. The spectrograms unmasked differential opiate effects on EEG frequency and power. These computer-based methods are generalizable across drug classes and can be readily modified to quantify and display a wide range of rhythmic biological signals.

This protocol provides an open source, compiled MATLAB program that generates multitaper spectrograms for electroencephalographic data.

뇌전도 데이터를 위한 컴퓨터 기반 멀티테이퍼 분광 프로그램

Current web resources provide limited, user friendly tools to compute spectrograms for visualizing and quantifying electroencephalographic (EEG) data. ...

Implantation of Combined Telemetric ECG and Blood Pressure Transmitters to Determine Spontaneous Baroreflex Sensitivity in Conscious Mice

Blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) are both controlled by the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and are closely intertwined due to reflex mechanisms. The baroreflex is a key homeostatic mechanism to counteract acute, short-term changes in arterial BP and to maintain BP in a relatively narrow physiological range. BP is sensed by baroreceptors located in the aortic arch and carotid sinus. When BP changes, signals are transmitted to the central nervous system and are then communicated to the parasympathetic and sympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system to adjust HR. A rise in BP causes a reflex decrease in HR, a drop in BP causes a reflex increase in HR.
Baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) is the quantitative relationship between changes in arterial BP and corresponding changes in HR. Cardiovascular diseases are often associated with impaired baroreflex function. In various studies reduced BRS has been reported in e.g., heart failure, myocardial infarction, or coronary artery disease. 
Determination of BRS requires information from both BP and HR, which can be recorded simultaneously using telemetric devices. The surgical procedure is described beginning with the insertion of the pressure sensor into the left carotid artery and positioning of its tip in the aortic arch to monitor arterial pressure followed by the subcutaneous placement of the transmitter and ECG electrodes. We also describe postoperative intensive care and analgesic management. After a two-week period of post-surgery recovery long-term ECG and BP recordings are performed in conscious and unrestrained mice. Finally, we include examples of high-quality recordings and the analysis of spontaneous baroreceptor sensitivity using the sequence method.

The baroreflex is a heart-rate regulation mechanism by the autonomic nervous system in response to blood-pressure changes. We describe a surgical technique to implant telemetry transmitters for continuous and simultaneous measurement of electrocardiogram and blood pressure in mice. This can determine spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity, an important prognostic marker for cardiovascular disease.

의식이 있는 마우스에서 자발적인 압력반사 민감도를 결정하기 위해 결합된 원격 측정 ECG 및 혈압 전송기 이식

Blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) are both controlled by the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and are closely intertwined due to reflex mechanisms. ...

Analyzing Long-Term Electrocardiography Recordings to Detect Arrhythmias in Mice

Arrhythmias are common, affecting millions of patients worldwide. Current treatment strategies are associated with significant side effects and remain ineffective in many patients. To improve patient care, novel and innovative therapeutic concepts causally targeting arrhythmia mechanisms are needed. To study the complex pathophysiology of arrhythmias, suitable animal models are necessary, and mice have been proven to be ideal model species to evaluate the genetic impact on arrhythmias, to investigate fundamental molecular and cellular mechanisms, and to identify potential therapeutic targets.
Implantable telemetry devices are among the most powerful tools available to study electrophysiology in mice, allowing continuous ECG recording over a period of several months in freely moving, awake mice. However, due to the huge number of data points (&gt;1 million QRS complexes per day), analysis of telemetry data remains challenging. This article describes a step-by-step approach to analyze ECGs and to detect arrhythmias in long-term telemetry recordings using the software, Ponemah, with its analysis modules, ECG Pro and Data Insights, developed by Data Sciences International (DSI). To analyze basic ECG parameters, such as heart rate, P wave duration, PR interval, QRS interval, or QT duration, an automated attribute analysis was performed using Ponemah to identify P, Q, and T waves within individually adjusted windows around detected R waves. 
Results were then manually reviewed, allowing adjustment of individual annotations. The output from the attribute-based analysis and the pattern recognition analysis was then used by the Data Insights module to detect arrhythmias. This module allows an automatic screening for individually defined arrhythmias within the recording, followed by a manual review of suspected arrhythmia episodes. The article briefly discusses challenges in recording and detecting ECG signals, suggests strategies to improve data quality, and provides representative recordings of arrhythmias detected in mice using the approach described above.

Here we present a step-by-step protocol for a semiautomated approach to analyze murine long-term electrocardiography (ECG) data for basic ECG parameters and common arrhythmias. Data are obtained by implantable telemetry transmitters in living and awake mice and analyzed using Ponemah and its analysis modules.

마우스의 부정맥을 감지하기 위한 장기 심전도 기록 분석

Arrhythmias are common, affecting millions of patients worldwide. Current treatment strategies are associated with significant side effects and remain ...

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>LightGBM을 사용하는 설치류를 위한 자동화된 수면 단계 점수 매기기 도구

IntelliSleepScorer, a Software Package with a Graphic User Interface for Mice Automated Sleep Stage Scoring

Sleep stage scoring in rodents is the process of identifying the three stages: nonrapid eye movement sleep (NREM), rapid eye movement sleep (REM), and wake. Sleep stage scoring is crucial for studying sleep stage-specific measures and effects. 
Sleep patterns in rodents differ from those in humans, characterized by shorter episodes of NREM and REM interspaced by waking, and traditional manual sleep stage scoring by human experts is time-consuming. To address this issue, previous studies have used machine learning-based approaches to develop algorithms to automatically categorize sleep stages, but high-performing models with great generalizability are often not publicly available/cost-free nor user-friendly for non-trained sleep researchers. 
Therefore, we developed a machine learning-based LightGBM algorithm trained with a large dataset. To make the model available to sleep researchers without coding experience, a software tool named IntelliSleepScorer (v1.2- newest version) was developed based on the model, which features an easy-to-use graphic user interface. In this manuscript, we present step-by-step instructions for using the software to demonstrate a convenient and effective automatic sleep stage scoring tool in mice for sleep researchers.

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>저자 스포트라이트: IntelliSleepScorer — 마우스의 자동화된 수면 단계 채점 및 정신과 연구에서의 적용을 위한 고정밀하고 액세스 가능한 GUI 소프트웨어

We present a software package with a graphic user interface for researchers without coding experience to score sleep stages in mice with a simple download and operation.

IntelliSleepScorer, 마우스용 그래픽 사용자 인터페이스가 포함된 소프트웨어 패키지 자동 수면 단계 점수 매기기

Sleep stage scoring in rodents is the process of identifying the three stages: nonrapid eye movement sleep (NREM), rapid eye movement sleep (REM), and ...