Name: data processing methods for 3d seismic imaging of subsurface volcanoes: applications to the tarim flood basalt
Uploaded: 2017-08-07T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Data Processing Methods for 3D Seismic Imaging of Subsurface Volcanoes: Applications to the Tarim Flood Basalt at JoVE.com

The authors acknowledge the financial support of NSFC to WT (grant no. 41272368) and QKX (grant no. 41630205).

NOTE: The data processing procedures include: synthetic seismogram calculation, synthetic-real seismic trace correlation, and geo-body extraction. Below are the step-by-step details of each procedure.
1. Calculation of Synthetic Seismogram
<ol>
	<li>Calculate the acoustic impedance at each interval of the down-well logging curve. 
	NOTE: Acoustic impedance is the product of &#39;seismic wave velocities&#39; and &#39;density&#39; (&#961;*&#957;)). The data are often averaged to sampling ...

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Here we demonstrate 2 methods for illustrating the morphology and structure of the plumbing system of buried basaltic volcanoes; one is opacity rendering, the other is time slicing.
The opacity rendering method is suitable for geo-bodies that have continuous and near horizontal interfaces with the encasing strata. With this method, one can extract the 3D morphology of magma lobes. Normally, flow directions should be along the long axis of the magma lobes. It is also important that the surface ...

The aim of most of the industrial seismic imaging projects in sedimentary basins is to explore for hydrocarbon reservoirs. In recent years, hydrocarbon exploration has expanded to basins containing large amounts of igneous rocks because many of the volcanogenic basins have considerable oil and gas reservoirs. However, because of the interface of igneous rocks in the volcanogenic basins, seismic data processing presents a series of challenges induced by various intrusions, such as reduced energy transmission, intrinsic attenuation, interference effects, refraction and scattering1. Therefore, oil field companies are focusing their efforts on reducing such a &#34;negative impact&#34; on seismic imaging2,3,4.
Igneous bodies within sedimentary basins are easily identified by two dimensional or 3D seismic reflection imaging due to the large acoustic impedance contrast with the encasing rocks1,5,6. This method can provide spectacular images of both vertical and horizontal structures of the volcanic plumbing systems7,8,9,10,11,12,13. However, the strategies of imaging subsurface volcanos are very different from that of oil and gas explorations8,14,15. This has limited the use of industrial seismic data in studies of subsurface volcanoes, apart from a few successful cases10,15,16. In this paper, we report detailed procedures of seismic data processing, which are customized for interpretation of subsurface volcanoes. We process two seismic cubes, TZ47 and YM2 (Figure 1), to show how to visualize the buried igneous bodies in the Tarim flood basalt17.

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	<tbody>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">The Petrel E&#38;P software platform</td>
			<td style="width:125px;">Schlumberger</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:167px;">software version:2014</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

data processing methods for 3d seismic imaging of subsurface volcanoes: applications to the tarim flood basalt

The morphology and structure of plumbing systems can provide key information on the eruption rate and style of basalt lava fields. The most powerful way to study subsurface geo-bodies is to use industrial 3D&#160;reflection seismological imaging. However, strategies to image subsurface volcanoes are very different from that of oil and gas reservoirs. In this study, we process seismic data cubes from the Northern Tarim Basin, China, to illustrate how to visualize sills through opacity rendering techniques and how to image the conduits by time-slicing. In the first case, we isolated probes by the seismic horizons marking the contacts between sills and encasing strata, applying opacity rendering techniques to extract sills from the seismic cube. The resulting detailed sill morphology shows that the flow direction is from the dome center to the rim. In the second seismic cube, we use time-slices to image the conduits, which corresponds to marked discontinuities within the encasing rocks. A set of time-slices obtained at different depths show that the Tarim flood basalts erupted from central volcanoes, fed by separate pipe-like conduits.

We demonstrate the usefulness of the techniques described above by applying them to 2 types of igneous bodies, horizontal sills and vertical volcanic conduits. Extraction of the sills is conducted by using the opaque rendering technique, and interpretation of the volcanic conduit is performed by using slicing technique.
Extraction of sills
Industrial drilling wells have i...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Data Processing Methods for 3D Seismic Imaging of Subsurface Volcanoes: Applications to the Tarim Flood Basalt at JoVE.com

Data Processing Methods for 3D Seismic Imaging of Subsurface Volcanoes: Applications to the Tarim Flood Basalt

Three-dimensional (3D) reflection seismology is a powerful method for imaging subsurface volcanoes. By using industrial 3D seismological data from the Tarim Basin, we illustrate how to extract the sills and the conduits of subsurface volcanoes from seismic data cubes.

The morphology and structure of plumbing systems can provide key information on the eruption rate and style of basalt lava fields. The most powerful way ...

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