투석 직원과 지치 의과 대학 사이타마 의료 센터의 신장학과 구성원에게 감사드립니다. 영어 편집을 해주신 Editage (www.editage.com)님께 감사드립니다.

모든 참가자는 서면 동의서를 제공했습니다. 이 연구는 일본 지치 의과 대학 사이타마 의료 센터의 기관 검토위원회 (RIN 15-104)의 승인을 받았습니다.
1.rSO2의 모니터링 장치
<ol><li>조직 산소화 측정을 위한 NIRS 장치를 준비합니다. 이 장치에는 4개의 채널이 있으며 동시에 최대 4개의 기관에서 측정을 수행할 수 있습니다.</li>
	<li>NIRS 모니터링을 위한 측정 센서를 준비하여 두 개의 부착 파장에서 근적외선을 전송하여 각 기관의 rSO2 값을 평가합니다.</li>
</ol>2. 측정 센서 부착
<ol><li>HD 전에 각 환자가 최소 5분 동안 앙와위 자세로 쉬도록 합니다.</li>
	<li>측정 센서를 이마, 오른쪽 hypochondrium 및 다리 아래쪽에 부착하여 각각 뇌, 간 및 다리 근육에서 rSO2 를 평가합니다.</li>
	<li>뇌 산소 공급 모니터링<ol><li>측정 센서를 지배적 인 반구의 이마에 부착하십시오.</li>
	</ol></li>
	<li>간 산소 공급 모니터링<ol><li>신체 표면에서 환자의 간까지의 깊이를 측정하기 위해 초음파 검사를 준비하십시오. 이 측정값이 신체 표면에서 20-30mm 이내에 있는지 확인합니다. 다음으로, 측정 센서를 오른쪽 hypochondrium에 부착하십시오. 알림: 이 장치에서 rSO2 값은 신체 표면에서 20-30mm 떨어진 깊은 조직에서 얻어야 합니다. 일부 예에서, 간은 두꺼운 피하 지방의 존재로 인해 신체 표면으로부터 30 mm 이상 위치할 수 있다.</li>
	</ol></li>
	<li>근육 산소 공급 모니터링<ol><li>측정 센서를 오른쪽 또는 양측 아래쪽 다리에 부착합니다.</li>
	</ol></li>
	<li>센서 연결 및 장치 전원 공급<ol><li>각 센서를 장치의 리드에 연결합니다. 그런 다음 장치를 켜고 산소 측정을 시작하십시오.</li>
	</ol></li>
</ol>3. 투석 션트 천공 및 모니터링 시작
<ol><li>투석 션트 천공<ol><li>환자의 투석 션트에 구멍을 뚫어 HD 치료를 시작합니다. 이때 투석기가 장착된 디지털 혈압계를 이용하여 혈압을 측정하고 주사기를 이용하여 혈액 샘플을 수집한다.</li>
	</ol></li>
	<li>모니터링 시작<ol><li>HD 치료를 시작한 후 뇌, 간 및 다리 근육의 세 기관의 조직 산소 공급 모니터링을 시작하십시오.</li>
	</ol></li>
	<li>HD 중 rSO2 모니터링<ol><li>각 장기의 rSO2 값의 변화를 관찰하고 심박수, 정맥압 및 혈액량을 포함하여 HD 치료 중에 수행되는 일반적인 모니터링 외에도 정기적으로 BP를 측정합니다. 부착 영역과 센서와 리드 사이의 연결을 확인하십시오.</li>
	</ol></li>
</ol>

<ol>
	<li>Nishiyama, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Regional+cerebral+oxygen+saturation+monitoring+for+predicting+interventional+outcomes+in+patients+following+out-of-hospital+cardiac+arrest+of+presumed+cardiac+cause:+A+prospective,+observational,+multicentre+study.">Regional cerebral oxygen saturation monitoring for predicting interventional outcomes in patients following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest of presumed cardiac cause: A prospective, observational, multicentre study.</a> Resuscitation. 96, 135-141 (2015).</li><li>Kobayashi, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Factors+associated+with+a+low+initial+cerebral+oxygen+saturation+value+in+patients+undergoing+cardiac+surgery.">Factors associated with a low initial cerebral oxygen saturation value in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.</a> Journal of Artificial Organs. 20 (2), 110-116 (2017).</li><li>Cruz, S. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+novel+multimodal+computational+system+using+near-infrared+spectroscopy+predicts+the+need+for+ECMO+initiation+in+neonates+with+congenital+diaphragmatic+hernia.">A novel multimodal computational system using near-infrared spectroscopy predicts the need for ECMO initiation in neonates with congenital diaphragmatic hernia.</a> Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 53 (1), 152-158 (2018).</li><li>MacEwen, C., Sutherland, S., Daly, J., Pugh, C., Tarassenko, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Relationship+between+Hypotension+and+Cerebral+Ischemia+during+Hemodialysis.">Relationship between Hypotension and Cerebral Ischemia during Hemodialysis.</a> Journal of the American Socociety of Nephrology. 28 (8), 2511-2520 (2017).</li><li>Polinder-Bos, H. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Changes+in+cerebral+oxygenation+and+cerebral+blood+flow+during+hemodialysis+-+A+simultaneous+near-infrared+spectroscopy+and+positron+emission+tomography+study.">Changes in cerebral oxygenation and cerebral blood flow during hemodialysis - A simultaneous near-infrared spectroscopy and positron emission tomography study.</a> Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow &amp; Metablism. 40 (2), 328-340 (2020).</li><li>Ookawara, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Differences+in+tissue+oxygenation+and+changes+in+total+hemoglobin+signal+strength+in+the+brain,+liver,+and+lower-limb+muscle+during+hemodialysis.">Differences in tissue oxygenation and changes in total hemoglobin signal strength in the brain, liver, and lower-limb muscle during hemodialysis.</a> Journal of Artificial Organs. 21 (1), 86-93 (2018).</li><li>Malik, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tissue+ischemia+worsens+during+hemodialysis+in+end-stage+renal+disease+patients.">Tissue ischemia worsens during hemodialysis in end-stage renal disease patients.</a> The Journal of Vascular Access. 18 (1), 47-51 (2017).</li><li>Ito, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cerebral+oxygenation+improvement+is+associated+with+hemoglobin+increase+after+hemodialysis+initiation.">Cerebral oxygenation improvement is associated with hemoglobin increase after hemodialysis initiation.</a> TheInternational Journal of Artificial Organs. , (2020).</li><li>Valerianova, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Factors+responsible+for+cerebral+hypoxia+in+hemodialysis+population.">Factors responsible for cerebral hypoxia in hemodialysis population.</a> Physiological Research. 68 (4), 651-658 (2019).</li><li>Ookawara, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Associations+of+cerebral+oxygenation+with+hemoglobin+levels+evaluated+by+near-infrared+spectroscopy+in+hemodialysis+patients.">Associations of cerebral oxygenation with hemoglobin levels evaluated by near-infrared spectroscopy in hemodialysis patients.</a> PLoS One. 15 (8), 0236720 (2020).</li><li>Kovarova, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Low+Cerebral+Oxygenation+Is+Associated+with+Cognitive+Impairment+in+Chronic+Hemodialysis+Patients.">Low Cerebral Oxygenation Is Associated with Cognitive Impairment in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients.</a> Nephron. 139 (2), 113-119 (2018).</li><li>Miyazawa, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Association+of+cerebral+oxygenation+with+estimated+glomerular+filtration+rate+and+cognitive+function+in+chronic+kidney+disease+patients+without+dialysis+therapy.">Association of cerebral oxygenation with estimated glomerular filtration rate and cognitive function in chronic kidney disease patients without dialysis therapy.</a> PLoS One. 13 (6), 0199366 (2018).</li><li>Locatelli, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Haemodialysis+with+on-line+monitoring+equipment:+tools+or+toys.">Haemodialysis with on-line monitoring equipment: tools or toys.</a> Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation. 20 (1), 22-33 (2005).</li><li>Cordtz, J., Olde, B., Solem, K., Ladefoged, S. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Central+venous+oxygen+saturation+and+thoracic+admittance+during+dialysis:+new+approaches+to+hemodynamic+monitoring.">Central venous oxygen saturation and thoracic admittance during dialysis: new approaches to hemodynamic monitoring.</a> Hemodialysis International. 12 (3), 369-377 (2008).</li><li>Kamijo, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Continuous+monitoring+of+blood+pressure+by+analyzing+the+blood+flow+sound+of+arteriovenous+fistula+in+hemodialysis+patients.">Continuous monitoring of blood pressure by analyzing the blood flow sound of arteriovenous fistula in hemodialysis patients.</a> Clinical and Experimental Nephrology. 22 (3), 677-683 (2018).</li><li>Ito, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Factors+affecting+cerebral+oxygenation+in+hemodialysis+patients:+cerebral+oxygenation+associates+with+pH,+hemodialysis+duration,+serum+albumin+concentration,+and+diabetes+mellitus.">Factors affecting cerebral oxygenation in hemodialysis patients: cerebral oxygenation associates with pH, hemodialysis duration, serum albumin concentration, and diabetes mellitus.</a> PLoS One. 10 (2), 0117474 (2015).</li><li>Imai, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Deterioration+of+Hepatic+Oxygenation+Precedes+an+Onset+of+Intradialytic+Hypotension+with+Little+Change+in+Blood+Volume+during+Hemodialysis.">Deterioration of Hepatic Oxygenation Precedes an Onset of Intradialytic Hypotension with Little Change in Blood Volume during Hemodialysis.</a> Blood Purification. 45 (4), 345-346 (2018).</li><li>Cho, A. R., Kwon, J. Y., Kim, C., Hong, J. M., Kang, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effect+of+sensor+location+on+regional+cerebral+oxygen+saturation+measured+by+INVOS+5100+in+on-pump+cardiac+surgery.">Effect of sensor location on regional cerebral oxygen saturation measured by INVOS 5100 in on-pump cardiac surgery.</a> Journal of Anesthesia. 31 (2), 178-184 (2017).</li><li>Ito, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Deterioration+of+cerebral+oxygenation+by+aortic+arch+calcification+progression+in+patients+undergoing+hemodialysis:+A+cross-sectional+study.">Deterioration of cerebral oxygenation by aortic arch calcification progression in patients undergoing hemodialysis: A cross-sectional study.</a> BioMed Research International. , 2852514 (2017).</li><li>Ito, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Blood+transfusion+during+haemodialysis+improves+systemic+tissue+oxygenation:+A+case+report.">Blood transfusion during haemodialysis improves systemic tissue oxygenation: A case report.</a> Nefrologia. 37 (4), 435-437 (2017).</li><li>Ito, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Improvement+of+bilateral+lower-limb+muscle+oxygenation+by+low-density+lipoprotein+apheresis+in+a+patient+with+peripheral+artery+disease+undergoing+hemodialysis.">Improvement of bilateral lower-limb muscle oxygenation by low-density lipoprotein apheresis in a patient with peripheral artery disease undergoing hemodialysis.</a> Nefrologia. 39 (1), 90-92 (2019).</li><li>Kitano, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Changes+in+tissue+oxygenation+in+response+to+sudden+intradialytic+hypotension.">Changes in tissue oxygenation in response to sudden intradialytic hypotension.</a> Journal of Artificial Organs. 23 (2), 187-190 (2020).</li><li>Lemmers, P. M. A., Toet, M. C., van Bel, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Impact+of+patent+ductus+arteriosus+and+subsequent+therapy+with+indomethacin+on+cerebral+oxygenation+in+preterm+infants.">Impact of patent ductus arteriosus and subsequent therapy with indomethacin on cerebral oxygenation in preterm infants.</a> Pediatrics. 121, 142-147 (2008).</li><li>Ito, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sleep+apnea+syndrome+caused+lowering+of+cerebral+oxygenation+in+a+hemodialysis+patient:+a+case+report+and+literature+review.">Sleep apnea syndrome caused lowering of cerebral oxygenation in a hemodialysis patient: a case report and literature review.</a> Renal Replacement Therapy. 4, 54 (2018).</li><li>Minato, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Continuous+monitoring+of+changes+in+cerebral+oxygenation+during+hemodialysis+in+a+patient+with+acute+congestive+heart+failure.">Continuous monitoring of changes in cerebral oxygenation during hemodialysis in a patient with acute congestive heart failure.</a> Journal of Artificial Organs. , (2019).</li></ol>

이해 상충이 없습니다.

NIRS 모니터링은 주로 대뇌 rSO2를 평가하기 위해, 특히 체외 순환을 필요로 하는 심혈관 또는 뇌혈관 수술에서 사용되었다. HD 치료를 포함한 체외 순환 동안 일부 장기는 상대 허혈 7,17,18을 나타낼 수 있습니다. 그러나 조직 산소화가 낮아지는지 여부는 불분명합니다. HD 중 근육 경련이나 복통은 장기 저관류를 통한 투?...

근적외선 분광법 (NIRS)은 조직 산소화, 특히 다양한 임상 환경에서 뇌 산소화의 마커 인 국소 산소 포화도 (rSO 2)를 평가하는 데 사용되었습니다 1,2,3 최근에는 혈액 투석 (HD)4,5,6,7,8,9,10, 11. 대뇌 rSO2는 HD 환자 또는 투석되지 않은 만성 신장 질환(CKD) 환자의 인지 기능과 관련이 있는 것으로 보고되었습니다11,12. 그러나 지금까지 만성콩팥병 환자에서 NIRS 모니터링의 사용은 제한적이었습니다.
NIRS 모니터링은 실시간 및 비침습적이기 때문에 HD를 받는 환자에서 모니터링 장치로서의 유용성을 평가했습니다. NIRS는 주로 대뇌 rSO2를 측정하는 데 사용되지만, HD 동안 다른 장기의 rSO2 값도 조사했습니다. 구체적으로,rSO2 측정 센서를 이마, 오른쪽 hypochondrium 및 다리 아래쪽에 부착하여 각각 뇌, 간 및 하부 근육에서 rSO2를 평가하였다. 결과는 NIRS 모니터링이 헌팅턴병 중 장기 산소화 변화 또는 CKD 환자의 조직 산소화 영향을 미치는 요인을 명확히 하는 새로운 접근 방식이 될 수 있음을 보여주었습니다.
현재까지 임상 환경13,14,15에서 HD, 혈액량 모니터링, 중심 정맥 산소 포화도, 흉부 입원 및 전자 청진기 유도 예상 혈압(BP) 동안 지속적인 모니터링이 수행되었습니다. 그러나 저혈압의 예측이나 장치의 광범위한 사용에는 한계가 있습니다. 대조적으로, 여기서 새로운 비침습적 접근 방식은 개별 장기의 투석 내 산소 역학에 대한 실시간 정보를 제공할 수 있습니다. 따라서 이 모니터링 방법은 투석 중 저혈압의 초기 단계에서 일과성 장기 허혈을 감지할 수 있고 HD의 안전한 수행을 허용할 수도 있습니다. 이 기사는 HD를 받는 환자에게 적용되는 rSO2로 대표되는 조직 산소화를 측정하는 프로토콜을 설명합니다.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>DBB-100NX</td>
			<td>Nikkiso</td>
			<td>DBB-100NX</td>
			<td>Dialysis machine</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>INVOS 5100c</td>
			<td>Covidien Japan</td>
			<td>INVOSTM 5100c</td>
			<td>tissue oxygenation device</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SOMASENSER</td>
			<td>Covidien Japan</td>
			<td>CV-SAFB-SM/INTL</td>
			<td>NIRS sensor</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

measurement of tissue oxygenation using near-infrared spectroscopy in patients undergoing hemodialysis

근적외선 분광법(NIRS)은 최근 심혈관 및 뇌 수술, 신생아 모니터링 및 병원 전 의학을 포함한 임상 환경에서 조직 산소화 마커인 국소 산소 포화도(rSO2)를 측정하는 도구로 적용되었습니다. NIRS 모니터링 장치는 실시간 및 비침습적이며 주로 수술 또는 집중 치료 중 중환자의 뇌 산소 공급을 평가하는 데 사용되었습니다. 지금까지 혈액 투석 (HD)을 포함한 만성 신장 질환 (CKD) 환자에서 NIRS 모니터링의 사용은 제한적이었습니다. 따라서, 우리는 HD 동안 일부 장기에서rSO2 값을 조사하였다. 2개의 부착 파장에서 근적외선을 전송하는 NIRS 장치를 사용하여rSO2 값을 모니터링했습니다. HD 환자는 뇌, 간 및 다리 아래 근육에서 rSO2를 각각 평가하기 위해 이마, 오른쪽 hypochondrium 및 다리 아래쪽에 부착된 rSO2 측정 센서를 사용하여 앙와위 자세로 배치되었습니다. NIRS 모니터링은 헌팅턴병 중 장기 산소화의 변화 또는 CKD 환자의 조직 산소화에 영향을 미치는 요인을 명확히 하는 새로운 접근 방식이 될 수 있습니다. 이 기사는 HD 환자에서 적용되는rSO2로 대표되는 조직 산소화를 측정하는 프로토콜을 설명합니다.

HD 이전의 대뇌 rSO2 값은 건강한 피험자보다 낮았고 당뇨병(DM)이 있는 HD 환자의 대뇌rSO2 값은 DM이 없는 HD 환자의 값보다 낮았습니다(그림 1)16. 또한 HD 동안 BP의 감소 없이 조직 산소 공급이 계속되지만 투석 중 저혈압으로 인한 뇌 및 간 rSO2의 변화를 우연히 관찰했습니다(그림 2). 지속적인 모니터링으로 인해, ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Measurement of Tissue Oxygenation Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis at JoVE.com

Measurement of Tissue Oxygenation Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis

우리는 근적외선 분광 모니터를 사용하여 혈액 투석 (HD) 환자의 국소 산소 포화도 (rSO2)를 측정하는 프로토콜을 제시합니다. rSO2 값은 조직 산소화의 지표이다. 이 비침습적 및 실시간 모니터링은 HD 동안 장기 산소 공급의 변화를 확인하는 데 유용할 수 있습니다.

혈액 투석을받는 환자에서 근적외선 분광법을 사용한 조직 산소화 측정

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has recently been applied as a tool to measure regional oxygen saturation (rSO2), a marker of tissue oxygenation, in ...

measurement-tissue-oxygenation-using-near-infrared-spectroscopy

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

2.0K 조회수.  Jichi Medical University. 우리는 근적외선 분광 모니터를 사용하여 혈액 투석 (HD) 환자의 국소 산소 포화도 (rSO2)를 측정하는 프로토콜을 제시합니다. rSO2 값은 조직 산소화의 지표이다. 이 비침습적 및 실시간 모니터링은 HD 동안 장기 산소 공급의 변화를 확인하는 데 유용할 수 있습니다.

비디오: Measurement of Tissue Oxygenation Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis

Dual-mode Imaging of Cutaneous Tissue Oxygenation and Vascular Function

Accurate assessment of cutaneous tissue oxygenation and vascular function is important for appropriate detection, staging, and treatment of many health disorders such as chronic wounds. We report the development of a dual-mode imaging system for non-invasive and non-contact imaging of cutaneous tissue oxygenation and vascular function. The imaging system integrated an infrared camera, a CCD camera, a liquid crystal tunable filter and a high intensity fiber light source. A Labview interface was programmed for equipment control, synchronization, image acquisition, processing, and visualization. Multispectral images captured by the CCD camera were used to reconstruct the tissue oxygenation map. Dynamic thermographic images captured by the infrared camera were used to reconstruct the vascular function map. Cutaneous tissue oxygenation and vascular function images were co-registered through fiduciary markers. The performance characteristics of the dual-mode image system were tested in humans.

A dual-mode imaging system was developed for non-contact assessment of cutaneous tissue oxygenation and vascular function.

피부 조직 산소와 혈관 기능의 듀얼 모드 영상

Accurate assessment of cutaneous tissue oxygenation and vascular function is important for appropriate detection, staging, and treatment of many health ...

연구

의학

Near Infrared Optical Projection Tomography for Assessments of &beta;-cell Mass Distribution in Diabetes Research

By adapting OPT to include the capability of imaging in the near infrared (NIR) spectrum, we here illustrate the possibility to image larger bodies of pancreatic tissue, such as the rat pancreas, and to increase the number of channels (cell types) that may be studied in a single specimen. We further describe the implementation of a number of computational tools that provide: 1/ accurate positioning of a specimen's (in our case the pancreas) centre of mass (COM) at the axis of rotation (AR)2; 2/ improved algorithms for post-alignment tuning which prevents geometric distortions during the tomographic reconstruction2 and 3/ a protocol for intensity equalization to increase signal to noise ratios in OPT-based BCM determinations3. In addition, we describe a sample holder that minimizes the risk for unintentional movements of the specimen during image acquisition. Together, these protocols enable assessments of BCM distribution and other features, to be performed throughout the volume of intact pancreata or other organs (e.g. in studies of islet transplantation), with a resolution down to the level of individual islets of Langerhans.

Near Infrared Optical Projection Tomography for Assessments of &amp;#946;-cell Mass Distribution in Diabetes Research

We describe the adaptation of optical projection tomography (OPT)1 to imaging in the near infrared spectrum, and the implementation of a number of computational tools. These protocols enable assessments of pancreatic &beta;-cell mass (BCM) in larger specimens, increase the multichannel capacity of the technique and increase the quality of OPT data.

당뇨병 연구에서 β-세포 질량 분포의 평가를위한 적외선 광학 프로젝션 단층 촬영 부근

By adapting OPT to include the capability of imaging in the near infrared (NIR) spectrum, we here illustrate the possibility to image larger bodies of ...

Tissue-simulating Phantoms for Assessing Potential Near-infrared Fluorescence Imaging Applications in Breast Cancer Surgery

Inaccuracies in intraoperative tumor localization and evaluation of surgical margin status result in suboptimal outcome of breast-conserving surgery (BCS). Optical imaging, in particular near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging, might reduce the frequency of positive surgical margins following BCS by providing the surgeon with a tool for pre- and intraoperative tumor localization in real-time. In the current study, the potential of NIRF-guided BCS is evaluated using tissue-simulating breast phantoms for reasons of standardization and training purposes.
Breast phantoms with optical characteristics comparable to those of normal breast tissue were used to simulate breast conserving surgery. Tumor-simulating inclusions containing the fluorescent dye indocyanine green (ICG) were incorporated in the phantoms at predefined locations and imaged for pre- and intraoperative tumor localization, real-time NIRF-guided tumor resection, NIRF-guided evaluation on the extent of surgery, and postoperative assessment of surgical margins. A customized NIRF camera was used as a clinical prototype for imaging purposes.
Breast phantoms containing tumor-simulating inclusions offer a simple, inexpensive, and versatile tool to simulate and evaluate intraoperative tumor imaging. The gelatinous phantoms have elastic properties similar to human tissue and can be cut using conventional surgical instruments. Moreover, the phantoms contain hemoglobin and intralipid for mimicking absorption and scattering of photons, respectively, creating uniform optical properties similar to human breast tissue. The main drawback of NIRF imaging is the limited penetration depth of photons when propagating through tissue, which hinders (noninvasive) imaging of deep-seated tumors with epi-illumination strategies.

Near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging may improve therapeutic outcome of breast cancer surgery by enabling intraoperative tumor localization and evaluation of surgical margin status. Using tissue-simulating breast phantoms containing fluorescent tumor-simulating inclusions, potential clinical applications of NIRF imaging in breast cancer patients can be assessed for standardization and training purposes.

유방암 수술의 잠재적 인 근적외선 형광 이미징 응용 프로그램을 평가하는 팬텀을 조직 시뮬레이션

Inaccuracies in intraoperative tumor localization and evaluation of surgical margin status result in suboptimal outcome of breast-conserving surgery ...

Combined Near-infrared Fluorescent Imaging and Micro-computed Tomography for Directly Visualizing Cerebral Thromboemboli

Direct thrombus imaging visualizes the root cause of thromboembolic infarction. Being able to image thrombus directly allows far better investigation of stroke than relying on indirect measurements, and will be a potent and robust vascular research tool. We use an optical imaging approach that labels thrombi with a molecular imaging thrombus marker&#160;&#8212; a Cy5.5 near-infrared fluorescent (NIRF) probe that is covalently linked to the fibrin strands of the thrombus by the fibrin-crosslinking enzymatic action of activated coagulation factor XIIIa during the process of clot maturation. A micro-computed tomography (microCT)-based approach uses thrombus-seeking gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) functionalized to target the major component of the clot: fibrin. This paper describes a detailed protocol for the combined in vivo microCT and ex vivo NIRF imaging of thromboemboli in a mouse model of embolic stroke. We show that in vivo microCT and fibrin-targeted glycol-chitosan AuNPs (fib-GC-AuNPs) can be used for visualizing both in situ thrombi and cerebral embolic thrombi. We also describe the use of in vivo microCT-based direct thrombus imaging to serially monitor the therapeutic effects of tissue plasminogen activator-mediated thrombolysis. After the last imaging session, we demonstrate by ex vivo NIRF imaging the extent and the distribution of residual thromboemboli in the brain. Finally, we describe quantitative image analyses of microCT and NIRF imaging data. The combined technique of direct thrombus imaging allows two independent methods of thrombus visualization to be compared: the area of thrombus-related fluorescent signal on ex vivo NIRF imaging vs. the volume of hyperdense microCT thrombi in vivo.

This protocol describes the application of combined near-infrared fluorescent (NIRF) imaging and micro-computed tomography (microCT) for visualizing cerebral thromboemboli. This technique allows the quantification of thrombus burden and evolution. The NIRF imaging technique visualizes fluorescently labeled thrombus in excised brain, while the microCT technique visualizes thrombus inside living animals using gold-nanoparticles.

직접 대뇌 Thromboemboli 시각화를위한 결합 된 근적외선 형광 이미징 및 마이크로 계산 된 단층 촬영

Direct thrombus imaging visualizes the root cause of thromboembolic infarction. Being able to image thrombus directly allows far better investigation of ...

A Quantitative Sensory Testing Paradigm to Obtain Measures of Pain Processing in Patients Undergoing Breast Cancer Surgery

Chronic pain following surgery, persistent postsurgical pain, is an important highly prevalent condition contributing to significant symptom burden and lower quality of life. Persistent postsurgical pain is relatively refractory to treatment hence generating a high need for preventive strategies and treatments. Therefore, the identification of patients at risk of developing persistent pain is an area of active ongoing research. Recently it was demonstrated that peri-operative disruptions in central pain processing may be able to predict persistent postsurgical pain at long term follow-up in breast cancer patients. The aim of the current report is to present a short protocol to obtain pain thresholds to different stimuli at multiple sites and a measure of endogenous analgesia in breast cancer patients. We have used this method successfully in a clinical context and detail some representative results from a clinical study.

Persistent postsurgical pain may be related to changes in pain processing. By assessing pain in response to standardized stimuli, changes in pain processing can be elucidated. We present methods to obtain pain thresholds to different stimuli and a measure of endogenous analgesia in patients undergoing breast cancer surgery.

유 방 암 수술을 받은 환자에서 처리 하는 고통의 측정을 얻기 위해 양적 감각 테스트 패러다임

Chronic pain following surgery, persistent postsurgical pain, is an important highly prevalent condition contributing to significant symptom burden and ...

Skeletal Muscle Neurovascular Coupling, Oxidative Capacity, and Microvascular Function with 'One Stop Shop' Near-infrared Spectroscopy

Exercise represents a major hemodynamic stress that demands a highly coordinated neurovascular response in order to match oxygen delivery to metabolic demand. Reactive hyperemia (in response to a brief period of tissue ischemia) is an independent predictor of cardiovascular events and provides important insight into vascular health and vasodilatory capacity. Skeletal muscle oxidative capacity is equally important in health and disease, as it determines the energy supply for myocellular processes. Here, we describe a simple, non-invasive approach using near-infrared spectroscopy to assess each of these major clinical endpoints (reactive hyperemia, neurovascular coupling, and muscle oxidative capacity) during a single clinic or laboratory visit. Unlike Doppler ultrasound, magnetic resonance images/spectroscopy, or invasive catheter-based flow measurements or muscle biopsies, our approach is less operator-dependent, low-cost, and completely non-invasive. Representative data from our lab taken together with summary data from previously published literature illustrate the utility of each of these end-points. Once this technique is mastered, application to clinical populations will provide important mechanistic insight into exercise intolerance and cardiovascular dysfunction.

Skeletal Muscle Neurovascular Coupling, Oxidative Capacity, and Microvascular Function with &#039;One Stop Shop&#039; Near-infrared Spectroscopy

Here, we describe a simple, non-invasive approach using near-infrared spectroscopy to assess reactive hyperemia, neurovascular coupling and skeletal muscle oxidative capacity in a single clinic or laboratory visit.

골격 근육 혈관 결합, 산화 용량 및 Microvascular 함수 '원스톱 쇼핑' 근처-적외선 분광학

Exercise represents a major hemodynamic stress that demands a highly coordinated neurovascular response in order to match oxygen delivery to metabolic ...

How to Administer Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Critically ill Neonates, Infants, and Children

Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) calculates regional tissue oxygenation (rSO2) using the different absorption spectra of oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin molecules. A probe placed on the skin emits light that is absorbed, scattered, and reflected by the underlying tissue. Detectors in the probe sense the amount of reflected light: this reflects the organ-specific ratio of oxygen supply and consumption - independent of pulsatile flow. Modern devices enable the simultaneous monitoring at different body sites. A rise or dip in the rSO2 curve visualizes changes in oxygen supply or demand before vital signs indicate them. The evolution of rSO2 values in relation to the starting point is more important for interpretation than are absolute values.
A routine clinical application of NIRS is the surveillance of somatic and cerebral oxygenation during and after cardiac surgery. It is also administered in preterm infants at risk for necrotizing enterocolitis, newborns with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy and a potential risk of impaired tissue oxygenation. In the future, NIRS could be increasingly used in multimodal neuromonitoring, or applied to monitor patients with other conditions (e.g., after resuscitation or traumatic brain injury).

This protocol is designed to assist clinicians to measure regional tissue oxygenation at different body sites in infants and children. It can be used in situations where tissue oxygenation is potentially compromised, particularly during cardiopulmonary bypass, when using non-pulsatile cardiac-assist devices, and in critically ill neonates, infants and children.

중증 신생아, 유아 및 어린이의 근적외선 분광기 관리 방법

Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) calculates regional tissue oxygenation (rSO2) using the different absorption spectra of oxygenated and deoxygenated ...

Near Infrared Photoimmunotherapy for Mouse Models of Pleural Dissemination

The efficacy of photoimmunotherapy can be evaluated more accurately with an orthotopic mouse model than with a subcutaneous one. A pleural dissemination model can be used for the evaluation of treatment methods for intrathoracic diseases such as lung cancer or malignant pleural mesothelioma.
Near-infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT) is a recently developed cancer treatment strategy that combines the specificity of tumor-targeting antibodies with toxicity caused by a photoabsorber (IR700Dye) after exposure to NIR light. The efficacy of NIR-PIT has been reported using various antibodies; however, only a few reports have shown the therapeutic effect of this strategy in an orthotopic model. In the present study, we demonstrate an example of efficacy evaluation of the pleural disseminated lung cancer model, which was treated using NIR-PIT.

Near-infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT) is an emerging cancer therapeutic strategy that utilizes an antibody-photoabsorber (IR700Dye) conjugate and NIR light to destroy cancer cells. Here, we present a method to evaluate the antitumor effect of NIR-PIT in a mouse model of pleural disseminated lung cancer and malignant pleural mesothelioma using bioluminescence imaging.

흉막 보급의 마우스 모형을 위한 근적외선 광면역요법

The efficacy of photoimmunotherapy can be evaluated more accurately with an orthotopic mouse model than with a subcutaneous one. A pleural dissemination ...

Evaluation of Hydration Status by Bioelectrical Impedance Vector Analysis in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease Undergoing Exercise Stress Test

Ischemic heart disease (IHD) represents a group of clinical syndromes characterized by myocardial ischemia, leading to an impairment in the myocardial blood supply and compromised perfusion. Several clinical variables assessed through a stress test, such as oxygen uptake (VO2) and heart rate oxygen pulse (HR/O2), have been attributed as cardiopulmonary prognostic factors in patients with IHD. However, other factors like hydration status (HS), potentially affecting the cardiopulmonary response, have been barely addressed. Unbalanced HS has a short-term effect on plasma volume and the sympathetic nervous system, which impacts blood volume, and lowers VO2 and HR/O2. Recently, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), a method based on the opposition of body tissues (including fluid volume) to a low electrical current, has been widely used to assess HS by obtaining two components: resistance (R) and reactance (Xc) and using prediction formulas. However, several limitations as chronic illness or abnormal fluid status, may affect the results. In this sense, alternative BIA methods, such as bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA), have become relevant. R and Xc (adjusted by height) result in a vector plotted on the R/Xc graph, which allows interpreting the HS as normal or abnormal according to the distance of the mean vector. This study aims to describe how to determine HS by BIVA using a single-frequency device and compare the results with the cardiopulmonary response in patients with IHD.

Hydration status imbalances can have a short-term effect on direct and indirect determinants of oxygen uptake and pulse, and morbidity and mortality prognostic factors in ischemic heart disease. This protocol describes the technique for assessment of hydration status through bioelectrical impedance vector analysis and cardiopulmonary response during exercise stress test.

운동 스트레스 검사를 받는 허혈성 심장 질환 환자의 생체 전기 임피던스 벡터 분석에 의한 수화 상태 평가

Ischemic heart disease (IHD) represents a group of clinical syndromes characterized by myocardial ischemia, leading to an impairment in the myocardial ...

뇌 기능 리모델링을 연구하기 위한 기능적 OT 및 근적외선 분광법

Investigating the Effect of Different Types of Exercise on Upper Limb Functional Recovery in Patients with Right Hemisphere Damage Based on fNIRS

To investigate the effects of functional occupational therapy (FOT) combined with different types of exercise on upper limb motor function recovery and brain function remodeling in patients with right hemisphere damage (RHD) by analyzing functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Patients (n = 32) with RHD at Beijing Bo'ai Hospital were recruited and randomly allocated to receive either FOT combined with passive motion (N=16) or FOT combined with assisted active movement (N=16). The passive motion group (FOT-PM) received functional occupational therapy for 20 min and passive exercise for 10 min in each session, while the assisted active movement group (FOT-AAM) received functional occupational therapy for 20 min and assisted active exercise for 10 min. Both groups received conventional drug therapy and other rehabilitation therapy. Treatment was performed once a day, 5 times a week for 4 weeks. The recovery of motor function and activities of daily living (ADL) was assessed using Fugl-Meyer Assessment upper extremity (FMA-UE) and modified Barthel index (MBI) before and after treatment, and brain activation of the bilateral motor area was analyzed with fNIRS. The findings suggested that FOT combined with AAM was more effective than FOT combined with PM in improving the motor function of RHD patients' upper limbs and fingers, improving their ability to perform activities of daily living, and facilitating brain function remodeling of the motor area.

저자 스포트라이트: Advancing Upper Extrem Rehabilitation in Patients with Right Hemisphere Damage Using Assisted Active Exercise (보조 능동 운동을 사용한 우반구 손상 환자의 상지 재활 발전)

Here, we investigate the effect of functional occupational therapy combined with assisted active or passive motion on the upper limb function of patients with right hemisphere damage and explore the effect of functional near-infrared spectroscopy on brain function remodeling.

fNIRS를 기반으로 우반구 손상 환자의 상지 기능 회복에 대한 다양한 유형의 운동의 효과 조사

To investigate the effects of functional occupational therapy (FOT) combined with different types of exercise on upper limb motor function recovery and ...