마르코스 페레즈 바스테레헤아, 로레나 로드리게스 로렌조, 베고냐 가르시아 멘데스(HUCA) 및 팔로마 세레조, 알무데나 파에로, 마리아 데 라 포베다 콜로모(HCSC)에 기술 지원을 부탁드립니다. 이 작품은 의학 보조금에 의해 부분적으로 지원되었다 (로슈 SP200221001) A.B., RYC 펠로우십 (RYC-2013-12587; 장관 드 Economía y 경쟁, 스페인) 및 I + D 2017 교부금 (SAF2017-85489-P; 장관 드 시엔시아, 이노바시온 y 유니버시다데스, 스페인 과 폰도스 페더) L.G., 세베로 오초아 그랜트 (PA-20-PF-BP19-014; Consejería de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades 델 Principado de Asturias, 스페인.M) 및 교내 박사 후 보조금 2018 (Fundación para la Investigación y la Innovación Biosanitaria de Asturias - FINBA, 오비에도, 스페인) A.A.H. 우리는 자신의 지식 (및 시간), 특히 멀티 컬러 태그 항체 패널 믹스와 단일 색상 비드 제어 준비에 대한 그의 현명한 조언을 공유 레이니어 반 데르 린덴 감사합니다.

<ol>
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R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Platelet+Biogenesis+In+The+Lung+Circulation.">Platelet Biogenesis In The Lung Circulation.</a> Physiology (Bethesda). 34 (6), 392-401 (2019).</li><li>Nieswandt, B., Stritt, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Megakaryocyte+Rupture+For+Acute+Platelet+Needs.">Megakaryocyte Rupture For Acute Platelet Needs.</a> Journal Of Cell Biology. 209 (3), 327-328 (2015).</li><li>Nishimura, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=IL-1alpha+Induces+Thrombopoiesis+Through+Megakaryocyte+Rupture+In+Response+To+Acute+Platelet+Needs.">IL-1alpha Induces Thrombopoiesis Through Megakaryocyte Rupture In Response To Acute Platelet Needs.</a> Journal Of Cell Biology. 209 (3), 453-466 (2015).</li><li>Sanjuan-Pla, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Platelet-Biased+Stem+Cells+Reside+At+The+Apex+Of+The+Haematopoietic+Stem-Cell+Hierarchy.">Platelet-Biased Stem Cells Reside At The Apex Of The Haematopoietic Stem-Cell Hierarchy.</a> Nature. 502 (7470), 232-236 (2013).</li><li>Notta, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Distinct+Routes+Of+Lineage+Development+Reshape+The+Human+Blood+Hierarchy+Across+Ontogeny.">Distinct Routes Of Lineage Development Reshape The Human Blood Hierarchy Across Ontogeny.</a> Science. 351 (6269), 2116 (2016).</li><li>Yamamoto, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Clonal+Analysis+Unveils+Self-Renewing+Lineage-Restricted+Progenitors+Generated+Directly+From+Hematopoietic+Stem+Cells.">Clonal Analysis Unveils Self-Renewing Lineage-Restricted Progenitors Generated Directly From Hematopoietic Stem Cells.</a> Cell. 154 (5), 1112-1126 (2013).</li><li>Wang, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Decoding+Human+Megakaryocyte+Development.">Decoding Human Megakaryocyte Development.</a> Cell Stem Cell. , (2020).</li><li>Meinders, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Repercussion+Of+Megakaryocyte-Specific+Gata1+Loss+On+Megakaryopoiesis+And+The+Hematopoietic+Precursor+Compartment.">Repercussion Of Megakaryocyte-Specific Gata1 Loss On Megakaryopoiesis And The Hematopoietic Precursor Compartment.</a> Plos One. 11 (5), 0154342 (2016).</li><li>Meinders, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sp1/Sp3+Transcription+Factors+Regulate+Hallmarks+Of+Megakaryocyte+Maturation+And+Platelet+Formation+And+Function.">Sp1/Sp3 Transcription Factors Regulate Hallmarks Of Megakaryocyte Maturation And Platelet Formation And Function.</a> Blood. 125 (12), 1957-1967 (2015).</li><li>Salunkhe, V. P., Guti&#233;rrez, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Culture+Of+Megakaryocytes+From+Human+Peripheral+Blood+Mononuclear+Cells.">Culture Of Megakaryocytes From Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells.</a> Bio-Protocol. 5 (21), 1639 (2015).</li><li>Choudry, F. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transcriptional+Characterization+Of+Human+Megakaryocyte+Polyploidization+And+Lineage+Commitment.">Transcriptional Characterization Of Human Megakaryocyte Polyploidization And Lineage Commitment.</a> Journal Of Thrombosis And Haemostasis. , 15271 (2021).</li><li>Heazlewood, S. Y., Williams, B., Storan, M. J., Nilsson, S. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Prospective+Isolation+Of+Viable,+High+Ploidy+Megakaryocytes+From+Adult+Murine+Bone+Marrow+By+Fluorescence+Activated+Cell+Sorting.">The Prospective Isolation Of Viable, High Ploidy Megakaryocytes From Adult Murine Bone Marrow By Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting.</a> Methods In Molecular Biology. 1035, 121-133 (2013).</li><li>Tomer, A., Harker, L. A., Burstein, S. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Purification+Of+Human+Megakaryocytes+By+Fluorescence-Activated+Cell+Sorting.">Purification Of Human Megakaryocytes By Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting.</a> Blood. 70 (6), 1735-1742 (1987).</li><li>Martinez-Botia, P., Acebes-Huerta, A., Seghatchian, J., Gutierrez, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=On+The+Quest+For+In+Vitro+Platelet+Production+By+Re-Tailoring+The+Concepts+Of+Megakaryocyte+Differentiation.">On The Quest For In Vitro Platelet Production By Re-Tailoring The Concepts Of Megakaryocyte Differentiation.</a> Medicina. 56 (12), (2020).</li><li>Martinez-Botia, P., Acebes-Huerta, A., Seghatchian, J., Gutierrez, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+Vitro+Platelet+Production+For+Transfusion+Purposes:+Where+Are+We+Now.">In Vitro Platelet Production For Transfusion Purposes: Where Are We Now.</a> Transfusion And Apheresis Science. 59 (4), 102864 (2020).</li><li>Butov, K. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+Vitro+Megakaryocyte+Culture+From+Human+Bone+Marrow+Aspirates+As+A+Research+And+Diagnostic+Tool.">In Vitro Megakaryocyte Culture From Human Bone Marrow Aspirates As A Research And Diagnostic Tool.</a> Platelets. , 1-8 (2020).</li><li>Di Buduo, C. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+Gold+Standard+Protocol+For+Human+Megakaryocyte+Culture+Based+On+The+Analysis+Of+1,500+Umbilical+Cord+Blood+Samples.">A Gold Standard Protocol For Human Megakaryocyte Culture Based On The Analysis Of 1,500 Umbilical Cord Blood Samples.</a> Thrombosis And Haemostasis. , (2020).</li></ol>

시청각 재료 생산은 BD 바이오 사이언스에 의해 지원되었다.

유동 세포측정에 의한 메가카요포에이시스 연구에 초점을 맞춘 대부분의 연구는 현재까지 계보 별 표면마커(즉,CD42A/CD42B, CD41/CD61)만을 사용하여 MK 서브세트의 식별에 국한된 반면, 이전의 MK 분화 단계는 제대로 조사되지 않았습니다. 본 기사에서는 인간 메가카요포이시스의 포괄적인 유동 세포측정 특성화를 해결하기 위한 면역페노티핑 전략을 보여줍니다. 전반적으로, 우리는 보다 상세?...

메가카요세포(MKs)는 조혈줄기세포(HSC)로부터 개발되어 호르몬 혈전포이에틴(TPO)에 의해 주로 오케스트레이션되는 메가카요포이에이시스(megakaryopoiesis)라는 복잡한 과정을 거쳐 개발한다. 메가카요포이시스의 고전적인 견해는 HSC에서 부터 헌신적인 선조및 전구체 세포의 계층적 단계를 통해 세포 여행을 설명하며 궁극적으로 성숙한 MK로 이어집니다. 성숙 하는 동안, MKs 는 여러 차례의 내시경증을 경험하고, 혈소판 생산을 위한 충분한 멤브레인 표면을 제공하는 복잡한 세포내 경계 막 시스템(DMS)을 개발하고, 성숙한 혈소판1,2,3에의해 상속되는 다양한 과립에 포함된 과다를 효율적으로 생산하고 포장한다. 그 결과, 성숙한 MK는 고다형성 핵(심지어 >64N에 도달)을 특징으로 하는 큰 세포(40-60 μm)이다. 최근 연구에 따르면 HSC가 특정 물리 병리학적조건에 대한 응답으로 전통적인 혈통 약정 체크 포인트를 우회하는 MK로 분화하는 대체 경로를제안4,5,6,7,9,10,11. 이러한 사실 인정은 성숙한 MK를 향한 조혈 분화가 생물학 필요에 반응하는 연속체 및 적응 프로세스이다는 것을 강조합니다.
세포 생물학 및 메가카요포에이시스(12)를 특징짓는 분자 양상에 대한 지식이 증가함에 따라, 유동 세포측정에 의한 공정 연구에 전념하는 대부분의 연구는 계보별 표면 마커(즉, CD42A/B, CD41/CD61)를 이용한 성숙한 MK의 식별으로 제한되며, MK의 초기 상이한 단계는 아직 밝혀지지 않았다. 앞서 마우스골수와 골수 유래 MK배양13,14로메가카요포이스를 무대에 올리는 전략을 문서화하여인간15에적용했다. 본 기사에서는 HSC에서 성숙한 MK에 이르기까지, 인간 원(골수-BM 및 말초 혈액-PB-) 또는 MK 특이적 표면 마커(CD61, CD42B, CD4B, CD4B, CD4B) 및 CD4B9, CD4B1 을 통합하는 패널을 사용하여 체외 배양에 이르기까지 메가karyopoiesis의 특성화를 허용하는 면역페노티핑 전략을 보여줍니다. 큰 크기와 취약성에도 불구하고, MK는 전술한 세포 표면 마커를 사용하여 면역페노타입이 될 수 있으며, 세포 파열 및/또는 손상을 최소화하기 위해 특정 압력 및 노즐 직경의 특정 조건하에서 형광 활성화 셀 분류에 의해 농축될 수 있다. 이 기술은 인간의 건강과 질병에 있는 거대 karyopoiesis 및 혈소판 생산의 복잡성을 더 잘 이해하기 위하여 목적으로, 다중 Omics 접근을 촉진합니다. 주목할만한, 그것은 증가하는 수요의 임상 맥락에서 진단과 예후를 돕기 위하여 유용한 공구로 포즈를 취합니다.
이 원고에서 우리는 기본 소스에서 MK 특이적이고 비특이적 표면 마커를 통합하거나 시험관 내에서생성되는 패널로 인간 메가카요포이스를 무대에 올리는 전략을 문서화합니다. 또한, 형광 활성화 셀 선별기, 바람직한 분획 및 성숙한 MK(도1)를사용하여 분류하는 프로토콜을 제공합니다. 이 단계는 MK의 큰 크기와 취약성으로 인해 기술적으로 어렵기 때문에 인기가 없습니다. 그러나, 마우스와 인간 골수 샘플에서 이전에 사용되었으며, 기술 발전으로 인해매번 16,17,18에더 나은 결과를 초래한다. MKs 또는 MK 전구체가 연구될 수 있는 인간 적인 1차 근원은 골수, 장혈 및 말초 혈액을 포함합니다, 다른 중. 각 샘플에 대한 분석을 위해 관련 셀 분획을 격리하는 적절한 샘플 처리가 중요합니다. 표준 절차는 메가 카요포이시스의 연구를 목표로 할 때 고려해야 할 몇 가지 고려 사항과 함께 통합됩니다.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>130 micron Nozzle</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>643943</td>
			<td>required for MK sorting</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>5810R Centrifuge</td>
			<td>Eppendorf</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Cell isolation and washes</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>A-4-62 Swing Bucket Rotor</td>
			<td>Eppendorf</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Cell isolation and washes</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Aerospray Pro Hematology Slide Stainer / Cytocentrifuge</td>
			<td>ELITech Group</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Automatized cytology devise, where slides are stained with Mat-Gr&#252;nwald Giemsa</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CO2 Incubator Galaxy 170 S</td>
			<td>Eppendorf</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Cell Incubation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cytospin 4 Cytocentrifuge</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>To prepare cytospins</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FACSAria IIu sorter</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Lasers 488-nm and 633-nm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FACSCanto II flow cytometer</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Lasers 488-nm , 633-nm and 405-nm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Olympus Microscope BX 41</td>
			<td>Olympus</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Microphotographs</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Olympus Microscope BX 61</td>
			<td>Olympus</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Microphotographs</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Zoe Fluorescent Cell Imager</td>
			<td>BioRad</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Microphotographs</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>To obtain PBMCs</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Lipids Cholesterol Rich from adult bovine serum</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>L4646</td>
			<td>or similar</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Lymphoprep</td>
			<td>Stem Cell Technologies</td>
			<td>#07801</td>
			<td>or similar</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Penicillin-Streptomycin</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P4333</td>
			<td>or similar</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Recombinant human Erythropoietin (EPO)</td>
			<td>&#160;R&#38;D Systems</td>
			<td>287-TC-500</td>
			<td>or similar</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Recombinant human stem cell factor (SCF)</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific, Gibco&#8482;</td>
			<td>PHC2115</td>
			<td>or similar</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Recombinant human thrombopoietin (TPO)</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific, Gibco&#8482;</td>
			<td>PHC9514</td>
			<td>or TPO receptor agonists</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>StemSpan SFEM</td>
			<td>Stem Cell Technologies</td>
			<td>#09650</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Flow Cytometry Analyses</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bovine Serum Albumin</td>
			<td>Merck</td>
			<td>A7906-100G</td>
			<td>or similar</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BD CompBead Anti-Mouse Ig, &#954;/Negative Control Compensation Particles Set</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>552843</td>
			<td>Antibodies for human cells are generally from mouse.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BD Cytofix/Cytoperm</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>554714</td>
			<td>or similar</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BD FACS Accudrop Beads</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>345249</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CD31 AF-647</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>561654</td>
			<td>Mouse anti-human</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CD31 FITC</td>
			<td>Immunostep</td>
			<td>31F-100T</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CD34 FITC</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>555821</td>
			<td>Mouse anti-human</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CD41 PE</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>555467</td>
			<td>Mouse anti-human</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CD41 PerCP-Cy5.5</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>333148</td>
			<td>Mouse anti-human</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CD42A APC</td>
			<td>Immunostep</td>
			<td>42AA-100T</td>
			<td>We observed unspecific binding... that needs to be assessed</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CD42A PE</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>558819</td>
			<td>Mouse anti-human</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CD42B PerCP</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>303910</td>
			<td>Mouse anti-human</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CD49B PE</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>555669</td>
			<td>Mouse anti-human</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CD61 FITC</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>555753</td>
			<td>Mouse anti-human</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CD71 APC-Cy7</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>334109</td>
			<td>Mouse anti-human</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hoechst 33342</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>H3570</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Human BD Fc Block</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>564219</td>
			<td>Fc blocking - control</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>KIT PE-Cy7</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>313212</td>
			<td>Mouse anti-human</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Lineage Cocktail 2 FITC</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>643397</td>
			<td>Mouse anti-human</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>RNAse</td>
			<td>Merck</td>
			<td>R6513</td>
			<td>or similar</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Triton X-500</td>
			<td>Merck</td>
			<td>93443-500ML</td>
			<td>or similar</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cell strainers for sorting</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CellTrics Filters 100 micrometers</td>
			<td>Sysmex</td>
			<td>04-004-2328</td>
			<td>Cell strainers</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td colspan="4">Note: we do not specify general reagents/chemicals (PBS, EDTA, etc) or disposables (tubes, etc), or reagents specified in previous published and standard protocols&#160; - unless otherwise specified.</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

immunophenotyping and cell sorting of human mks from human primary sources or differentiated in vitro from hematopoietic progenitors

메가카요세포(MK) 분화는 고도의 다중계(>64N) 및 매우 큰 셀(40-60 μm)을 초래하는 다수의 내미토성 주기를 포함한다. 세포 생물학 및 분자 수준에서 메가카요포에이시스에 대한 빠르게 증가하는 지식과는 달리, 유동 세포측정에 의한 메가카르요포에이스의 특성화는 계보 특이적 표면 마커를 이용한 성숙한 MK의 식별에 국한되는 반면, 이전의 MK 분화 단계는 아직 미개척되지 않은 상태로 남아 있다. 여기서는 MK 특이적 및 비특이적 표면 마커를 통합하는 패널이 있는 인간 1차 출처 또는 체외 배양에서 연속MK 분화 단계를 식별할 수 있는 면역페노티핑 전략을 제시합니다. 그 크기와 취약성에도 불구하고, MK는 위에서 언급한 패널을 사용하여 면역페노타입이 될 수 있으며, 압력 및 노즐 직경의 특정 조건하에서 형광 활성화 셀 분류에 의해 농축될 수 있다. 이 접근은 인간에 있는 거대 karyopoiesis 및 혈소판 생산의 복잡성을 더 잘 이해하기 위하여 목적으로, 다중 Omics 연구 결과를 촉진합니다. 메가카요포이스의 더 나은 특성화는 혈통 관련 병리학 및 악성종양의 진단 또는 예후에서 근본적인 자세를 취할 수 있습니다.

골수와 플로이디 도 4에서, 우리는 환자로부터 BM 샘플 (열망)에서 메가 카요포이스의 대표적인 면역 페노티핑 분석을 보여줍니다. CD71 및 CD31에 대한 셀룰러 분획을 플로팅할 때 CD31- CD71- (빨간색), CD31- CD71+ (파란색), CD31+ CD71- (오렌지), CD31+ CD71미드 (밝은 녹색), CD31+ CD71+<...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Immunophenotyping and Cell Sorting of Human MKs from Human Primary Sources or Differentiated In Vitro from Hematopoietic Progenitors at JoVE.com

Immunophenotyping and Cell Sorting of Human MKs from Human Primary Sources or Differentiated In Vitro from Hematopoietic Progenitors

여기서는 메가카요세포 분화의 특성화를 위한 면역페노티핑 전략을 제시하고, 이 전략이 형광 활성화 세포 선별기로 다른 단계에서 메가카요사이클을 분류하는 방법을 보여준다. 방법론은 인체 에 있는 문화에서 생성된 거대 karyocytes뿐만 아니라 인간 1차 조직에적용될 수 있다.

인간 1차 출처에서 인간 MK의 면역페노티핑 및 세포 분류 또는 헤마토포이틱 전조자로부터 시험관내 분화

Megakaryocyte (MK) differentiation encompasses a number of endomitotic cycles that result in a highly polyploid (reaching even&#160;&#62;64N) and ...

Hello.I는 안드레아 아세비스 Huerta.아스투리아스 공국의 건강 연구소 부분의 혈소판 연구 실에서 박사 후 연구원, ISPA. 스페인 오비에도에 위치한다.Hello.I am 로라 구티

immunophenotyping-cell-sorting-human-mks-from-human-primary-sources

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JoVE Journal

Biology

Immunophenotyping and Cell Sorting of Human MKs from Human Primary Sources or Differentiated In Vitro from Hematopoietic Progenitors

6.4K 조회수.  Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA). Hello.I는 안드레아 아세비스 Huerta.아스투리아스 공국의 건강 연구소 부분의 혈소판 연구 실에서 박사 후 연구원, ISPA. 스페인 오비에도에 위치한다.Hello.I am 로라 구티

비디오: Immunophenotyping and Cell Sorting of Human MKs from Human Primary Sources or Differentiated In Vitro from Hematopoietic Progenitors

The Preparation of Primary Hematopoietic Cell Cultures From Murine Bone Marrow for Electroporation

It is becoming increasingly apparent that electroporation is the most effective way to introduce plasmid DNA or siRNA into primary cells. The Gene Pulser MXcell  electroporation system and Gene Pulser  electroporation buffer were specifically developed to transfect nucleic acids into mammalian cells and difficult-to-transfect cells, such as primary and stem cells.This video demonstrates how to establish primary hematopoietic cell cultures from murine bone marrow, and then prepare them for electroporation in the MXcell system. We begin by isolating femur and tibia. Bone marrow from both femur and tibia are then harvested and cultures are established. Cultured bone marrow cells are then transfected and analyzed.

This procedure describes how to establish primary hematopoietic cell cultures from murine bone marrow and is followed by transfection using the Gene Pulser MXCell electroporation system.

Electroporation에 대한 Murine 골수에서 조혈 세포 차 문화의 준비

It is becoming increasingly apparent that electroporation is the most effective way to introduce plasmid DNA or siRNA into primary cells. The Gene Pulser ...

연구

생물학

Primary Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells Grown from Explants

Human bronchial epithelial cells are needed for cell models of disease and to investigate the effect of excipients and pharmacologic agents on the function and structure of human epithelial cells. Here we describe in detail the method of growing bronchial epithelial cells from bronchial airway tissue that is harvested by the surgeon at the times of lung surgery (e.g. lung cancer or lung volume reduction surgery). With ethics approval and informed consent, the surgeon takes what is needed for pathology and provides us with a bronchial portion that is remote from the diseased areas. The tissue is then used as a source of explants that can be used for growing primary bronchial epithelial cells in culture. Bronchial segments about 0.5-1cm long and &le;1cm in diameter are rinsed with cold EBSS and excess parenchymal tissue is removed. Segments are cut open and minced into 2-3mm3 pieces of tissue. The pieces are used as a source of primary cells. After coating 100mm culture plates for 1-2 hr with a combination of collagen (30 &mu;g/ml), fibronectin (10 &mu;g/ml), and BSA (10 &mu;g/ml), the plates are scratched in 4-5 areas and tissue pieces are placed in the scratched areas, then culture medium (DMEM/Ham F-12 with additives) suitable for epithelial cell growth is added and plates are placed in an incubator at 37&deg;C in 5% CO2 humidified air. The culture medium is changed every 3-4 days. The epithelial cells grow from the pieces forming about 1.5 cm diameter rings in 3-4 weeks. Explants can be re-used up to 6 times by moving them into new pre-coated plates. Cells are lifted using trypsin/EDTA, pooled, counted, and re-plated in T75 Cell Bind flasks to increase their numbers. T75 flasks seeded with 2-3 million cells grow to 80% confluence in 4 weeks. Expanded primary human epithelial cells can be cultured and allowed to differentiate on air-liquid interface. Methods described here provide an abundant source of human bronchial epithelial cells from freshly isolated tissues and allow for studying these cells as models of disease and for pharmacology and toxicology screening.

Here we describe a detailed method for growing primary human bronchial epithelial cells from explants of human bronchial airway tissue including differentiated growth on an air-liquid interface. This method provides an abundant source of primary cells for investigating the role of the airway epithelium in human lung health and disease.

Explants에서 들어라 기본 인간 기관지 상피 세포

Human bronchial epithelial cells are needed for cell models of disease and to investigate the effect of excipients and pharmacologic agents on the ...

Efficient Derivation of Human Cardiac Precursors and Cardiomyocytes from Pluripotent Human Embryonic Stem Cells with Small Molecule Induction

To date, the lack of a suitable human cardiac cell source has been the major setback in regenerating the human myocardium, either by cell-based transplantation or by cardiac tissue engineering1-3. Cardiomyocytes become terminally-differentiated soon after birth and lose their ability to proliferate. There is no evidence that stem/progenitor cells derived from other sources, such as the bone marrow or the cord blood, are able to give rise to the contractile heart muscle cells following transplantation into the heart1-3. The need to regenerate or repair the damaged heart muscle has not been met by adult stem cell therapy, either endogenous or via cell delivery1-3. The genetically stable human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) have unlimited expansion ability and unrestricted plasticity, proffering a pluripotent reservoir for in vitro derivation of large supplies of human somatic cells that are restricted to the lineage in need of repair and regeneration4,5. Due to the prevalence of cardiovascular disease worldwide and acute shortage of donor organs, there is intense interest in developing hESC-based therapies as an alternative approach. However, how to channel the wide differentiation potential of pluripotent hESCs efficiently and predictably to a desired phenotype has been a major challenge for both developmental study and clinical translation. Conventional approaches rely on multi-lineage inclination of pluripotent cells through spontaneous germ layer differentiation, resulting in inefficient and uncontrollable lineage-commitment that is often followed by phenotypic heterogeneity and instability, hence, a high risk of tumorigenicity6-8 (see a schematic in Fig. 1A). In addition, undefined foreign/animal biological supplements and/or feeders that have typically been used for the isolation, expansion, and differentiation of hESCs may make direct use of such cell-specialized grafts in patients problematic9-11. To overcome these obstacles, we have resolved the elements of a defined culture system necessary and sufficient for sustaining the epiblast pluripotence of hESCs, serving as a platform for de novo derivation of clinically-suitable hESCs and effectively directing such hESCs uniformly towards clinically-relevant lineages by small molecules12 (see a schematic in Fig. 1B). After screening a variety of small molecules and growth factors, we found that such defined conditions rendered nicotinamide (NAM) sufficient to induce the specification of cardiomesoderm direct from pluripotent hESCs that further progressed to cardioblasts that generated human beating cardiomyocytes with high efficiency (Fig. 2). We defined conditions for induction of cardioblasts direct from pluripotent hESCs without an intervening multi-lineage embryoid body stage, enabling well-controlled efficient derivation of a large supply of human cardiac cells across the spectrum of developmental stages for cell-based therapeutics.

We have established a protocol for induction of cardioblasts direct from pluripotent human embryonic stem cells maintained under defined conditions with small molecules, which enables derivation of a large supply of human cardiac progenitors and functional cardiomyocytes for cardiovascular repair.

작은 분자와 유도 Pluripotent 인간 배아 줄기 세포로부터 인간 심장 엽 성의 전구 물질과 Cardiomyocytes의 효율 유도

To date, the lack of a suitable human cardiac cell source has been the major setback in regenerating the human myocardium, either by cell-based ...

Na&iuml;ve Adult Stem Cells Isolation from Primary Human Fibroblast Cultures

Over the last decade, several adult stem cell populations have been identified in human skin 1-4. The isolation of multipotent adult dermal precursors was first reported by Miller F. D laboratory 5, 6. These early studies described a multipotent precursor cell population from adult mammalian dermis 5. These cells--termed SKPs, for skin-derived precursors-- were isolated and expanded from rodent and human skin and differentiated into both neural and mesodermal progeny, including cell types never found in skin, such as neurons 5. Immunocytochemical studies on cultured SKPs revealed that cells expressed vimentin and nestin, an intermediate filament protein expressed in neural and skeletal muscle precursors, in addition to fibronectin and multipotent stem cell markers 6. Until now, the adult stem cells population SKPs have been isolated from freshly collected mammalian skin biopsies.
Recently, we have established and reported that a population of skin derived precursor cells could remain present in primary fibroblast cultures established from skin biopsies 7. The assumption that a few somatic stem cells might reside in primary fibroblast cultures at early population doublings was based upon the following observations: (1) SKPs and primary fibroblast cultures are derived from the dermis, and therefore a small number of SKP cells could remain present in primary dermal fibroblast cultures and (2) primary fibroblast cultures grown from frozen aliquots that have been subjected to unfavorable temperature during storage or transfer contained a small number of cells that remained viable 7. These rare cells were able to expand and could be passaged several times. This observation suggested that a small number of cells with high proliferation potency and resistance to stress were present in human fibroblast cultures 7.
We took advantage of these findings to establish a protocol for rapid isolation of adult stem cells from primary fibroblast cultures that are readily available from tissue banks around the world (Figure 1). This method has important significance as it allows the isolation of precursor cells when skin samples are not accessible while fibroblast cultures may be available from tissue banks, thus, opening new opportunities to dissect the molecular mechanisms underlying rare genetic diseases as well as modeling diseases in a dish.

Na&amp;#239;ve Adult Stem Cells Isolation from Primary Human Fibroblast Cultures

We report a method to isolate na&#239;ve multipotent skin-derived precursor (SKP) cells from primary human fibroblast cultures. We show that these SKPs derived from fibroblast cultures share similar stem cell properties to the ones derived directly from human skin biopsies. These cells express the neural crest marker, nestin, in addition to the multipotent markers such as OCT4 and Nanog.

인간의 기본 섬유 아세포 배양에서 순진 성인 줄기 세포 분리

Over the last decade, several adult stem cell  populations have been identified in human skin 1-4.  The isolation of multipotent adult dermal precursors ...

Isolation of Primary Myofibroblasts from Mouse and Human Colon Tissue

The myofibroblast is a stromal cell of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract that has been gaining considerable attention for its critical role in many GI functions. While several myofibroblast cell lines are commercially available to study these cells in vitro, research results from a cell line exposed to experimental cell culture conditions have inherent limitations due to the overly reductionist nature of the work. Use of primary myofibroblasts offers a great advantage in terms of confirming experimental findings identified in a cell line. Isolation of primary myofibroblasts from an animal model allows for the study of myofibroblasts under conditions that more closely mimic the disease state being studied. Isolation of primary myofibroblasts from human colon tissue provides arguably the most relevant experimental data, since the cells come directly from patients with the underlying disease. We describe a well-established technique that can be utilized to isolate primary myofibroblasts from both mouse and human colon tissue. These isolated cells have been characterized to be alpha-smooth muscle actin and vimentin-positive, and desmin-negative, consistent with subepithelial intestinal myofibroblasts. Primary myofibroblast cells can be grown in cell culture and used for experimental purposes over a limited number of passages.

The myofibroblast is an influential stromal cell of the gastrointestinal tract that regulates important physiologic processes in both normal and disease states. We describe a technique that allows for the isolation of primary myofibroblasts from both mouse and human colon tissue, which can be utilized for in vitro experimentation.

마우스와 인간의 대장 조직에서 주요 근육 섬유 모세포의 분리

The myofibroblast is  a stromal cell of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract that has been gaining  considerable attention for its critical role in many GI ...

Efficient Generation Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Somatic Cells with Sendai-virus

A few years ago, the establishment of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) ushered in a new era in biomedicine. Potential uses of human iPSCs include modeling pathogenesis of human genetic diseases, autologous cell therapy after gene correction, and personalized drug screening by providing a source of patient-specific and symptom relevant cells. However, there are several hurdles to overcome, such as eliminating the remaining reprogramming factor transgene expression after human iPSCs production. More importantly, residual transgene expression in undifferentiated human iPSCs could hamper proper differentiations and misguide the interpretation of disease-relevant in vitro phenotypes. With this reason, integration-free and/or transgene-free human iPSCs have been developed using several methods, such as adenovirus, the piggyBac system, minicircle vector, episomal vectors, direct protein delivery and synthesized mRNA. However, efficiency of reprogramming using integration-free methods is quite low in most cases.
Here, we present a method to isolate human iPSCs by using Sendai-virus (RNA virus) based reprogramming system. This reprogramming method shows consistent results and high efficiency in cost-effective manner.

Here, we present our established method to reprogram human somatic cells into transgene-free human iPSCs with Sendai virus, which shows consistent outcome and enhanced efficiency.

센다이 바이러스와 인간의 체세포의 효율적인 생성 인간 유도 만능 줄기 세포

A few years ago, the establishment of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) ushered in a new era in biomedicine. Potential uses of human iPSCs ...

In Vitro Pancreas Organogenesis from Dispersed Mouse Embryonic Progenitors

The pancreas is an essential organ that regulates glucose homeostasis and secretes digestive enzymes. Research on pancreas embryogenesis has led to the development of protocols to produce pancreatic cells from stem cells 1. The whole embryonic organ can be cultured at multiple stages of development 2-4. These culture methods have been useful to test drugs and to image developmental processes. However the expansion of the organ is very limited and morphogenesis is not faithfully recapitulated since the organ flattens. 
We propose three-dimensional (3D) culture conditions that enable the efficient expansion of dissociated mouse embryonic pancreatic progenitors. By manipulating the composition of the culture medium it is possible to generate either hollow spheres, mainly composed of pancreatic progenitors expanding in their initial state, or, complex organoids which progress to more mature expanding progenitors and differentiate into endocrine, acinar and ductal cells and which spontaneously self-organize to resemble the embryonic pancreas. 
We show here that the in vitro process recapitulates many aspects of natural pancreas development. This culture system is suitable to investigate how cells cooperate to form an organ by reducing its initial complexity to few progenitors. It is a model that reproduces the 3D architecture of the pancreas and that is therefore useful to study morphogenesis, including polarization of epithelial structures and branching. It is also appropriate to assess the response to mechanical cues of the niche such as stiffness and the effects on cell&#180;s tensegrity.

In Vitro Pancreas Organogenesis from Dispersed Mouse Embryonic Progenitors

The three-dimensional culture method described in this protocol recapitulates pancreas development from dispersed embryonic mouse pancreas progenitors, including their substantial expansion, differentiation and morphogenesis into a branched organ. This method is amenable to imaging, functional interference and manipulation of the niche.

분산 된 마우스 배아 전구 세포에서 생체 췌장 기관 형성에

The pancreas is an essential organ that regulates glucose homeostasis and secretes digestive enzymes. Research on pancreas embryogenesis has led to the ...

Isolation and Culture of Primary Oral Keratinocytes from the Adult Mouse Palate

For years, most studies involving keratinocytes have been conducted using human and mouse skin epidermal keratinocytes. Recently, oral keratinocytes have attracted attention because of their unique function and characteristics. They maintain the homeostasis of the oral epithelium and serve as resources for applications in regenerative therapies. However, in vitro studies that use oral primary keratinocytes from adult mice have been limited due to the lack of an efficient and well-established culture protocol. Here, oral primary keratinocytes were isolated from the palate tissues of adult mice and cultured in a commercial low-calcium medium supplemented with a chelexed-serum. Under these conditions, keratinocytes were maintained in a proliferative or stem cell-like state, and their differentiation was inhibited even after increased passages. Marker expression analysis showed that the cultured oral keratinocytes expressed the basal cell markers p63, K14, and &#945;6-integrin and were negative for the differentiation marker K13 and the fibroblast marker PDGFR&#945;. This method produced viable and culturable cells suitable for downstream applications in the study of oral epithelial stem cell functions in vitro.

The present protocol describes the isolation and culture of oral keratinocytes derived from the adult mouse palate. An evaluation method using immunostaining is also reported.

성인 마우스 입천장에서 1 차 구강 각막 세포의 격리 및 문화

For years, most studies involving keratinocytes have been conducted using human and mouse skin epidermal keratinocytes. Recently, oral keratinocytes have ...

인간 중간엽 줄기 세포의 형광 활성화 단일 세포 분류

Single-Cell Sorting of Immunophenotyped Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth

The mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) of an organism possess an extraordinary capacity to differentiate into multiple lineages of adult cells in the body and are known for their immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties. The use of these stem cells is a boon to the field of regenerative biology, but at the same time, a bane to regenerative medicine and therapeutics owing to the multiple cellular ambiguities associated with them. These ambiguities may arise from the diversity in the source of these stem cells and from their in vitro growth conditions, both of which reflect upon their functional heterogeneity.
This warrants methodologies to provide purified, homogeneous populations of MSCs&#160;for therapeutic applications. Advances in the field of flow cytometry have enabled the detection of single-cell populations using a multiparametric approach. This protocol outlines a way to identify and purify&#160;stem cells from&#160;human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) through fluorescence-assisted single-cell sorting. Simultaneous expression of surface markers, namely, CD90-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), CD73-peridinin-chlorophyll-protein (PerCP-Cy5.5), CD105-allophycocyanin (APC), and CD44-V450, identified the &#34;bright,&#34; positive-expressors of MSCs&#160;using multiparametric&#160;flow cytometry. However, a significant drop was observed in percentages of quadruple expressors of these positive markers from passage 7 onwards to the later passages.
The immunophenotyped subpopulations were sorted using the single-cell sort mode where only two positive and one negative marker constituted the inclusion criteria. This methodology ensured the cell viability of the sorted populations and maintained cell proliferation post sorting. The downstream application for such sorting can be used to evaluate lineage-specific differentiation for the gated subpopulations. This approach can be applied to other single-cell systems to improve isolation conditions and for acquiring multiple cell surface marker information.

저자 스포트라이트: 중간엽 줄기 세포의 정제된 집단을 분리하는 데 있어 단일 세포 분류의 중요성 

This protocol describes the use of fluorescence-activated cell sorting of human mesenchymal stem cells using the single-cell sorting method. Specifically, the use of single-cell sorting can achieve 99% purity of the immunophenotyped cells from a heterogeneous population when combined with a multiparametric flow cytometry-based approach.

인간 박리 낙엽 치아에서 면역 표현형 중간엽 줄기 세포의 단일 세포 분류

The mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) of an organism possess an extraordinary capacity to differentiate into multiple lineages of adult cells in the body and ...