본 연구는 과학기술정보통신부 주관으로 한국연구재단(NRF)을 통한 기초과학연구프로그램의 지원을 받았다(NRF-2022R1A2C1009706).

MOF와 리간드를 준비하는 데 필요한 시약은 재료 표에 나열되어 있습니다.
1. 합성 후 리간드 교환(PSE) 공정 설정
<ol><li>미리 합성된 UiO-66 MOF를 진공 하에서 완전히 건조시켜 기공 내의 미반응 금속염 및 리간드와 잔류 용매 잔류물을 밤새 제거합니다. 알림: 보충 참조 file UiO-1 MOF의 합성 절차는 66.</li>
	<li>기능화 리간드, H2BDC-트리아졸 및H2BDC-테트라졸을 준비합니다(준비 과정은 보충 파일 1 참조; Supplementary Figure 1 및 Supplementary Figure 2 for characterization)를 격리된 상태로 하고, 밤새 진공 하에서 완전히 건조시킨다.</li>
	<li>수산화칼륨을 탈이온수에 용해시켜 4% 수산화칼륨(KOH) 수용액을 준비한다.</li>
	<li>폴리프로필렌(PP) 캡이 있는 20mL 섬광 바이알에서 PSE 공정을 수행합니다( 재료 표 참조).</li>
	<li>H2BDC-Triazole (23.3 mg, 0.1 mmol) 또는H2BDC-Tetrazole(23.4 mg, 0.1 mmol)을 측정하고 섬광 바이알에 넣는다.</li>
	<li>H2BDC 리간드를 수용액에 용해시킨다. 유리 피펫을 사용하여 4% KOH 수용액 1.0mL를 BDC-트리아졸 또는 BDC-테트라졸이 들어 있는 섬광 바이알에 옮깁니다. 주의 : 4 % KOH 수용액은 매우 염기성입니다. 모든 형태의 접촉을 피하고 개인 보호 장비를 착용하십시오.</li>
	<li>모든 고체가 완전히 용해 될 때까지 혼합물을 초음파 처리하십시오.</li>
	<li>용액을 pH 7로 중화시킨다. 유리 피펫을 사용하여 pH 7에 도달할 때까지 디카르복실레이트가 들어 있는 섬광 바이알에 넣고 교반하면서 1M 염산(HCl) 수용액을 옮깁니다. pH 종이(및 색상) 또는 pH 측정기로 pH를 측정합니다. 참고: MOF는 일반적으로 염기성 조건(>pH 7)에서 불안정하고 BDC 리간드는 산성 조건(<pH 7)에서 용해되지 않기 때문에 교환 과정에서 pH 7을 유지하는 것이 중요합니다. BDC-Triazole 또는 BDC-Tetrazole 함유 용액을 중화하려면 약 1.5mL의 1M HCl 수용액이 필요합니다.</li>
	<li>디카르복실레이트 용액에 MOF를 첨가하고 배양합니다. pH 7 용액이 들어 있는 섬광 바이알에 UiO-66 MOF(33mg, 0.02mmol)를 추가합니다. 참고: pH 7에서 UiO-66 MOF 입자는 물에 용해되지 않아 물에 현탁액이 됩니다.</li>
	<li>MOF 및 리간드를 함유하는 섬광 바이알을 120 rpm 및 실온에서 24시간 동안 쉐이커에서 인큐베이션한다. 참고: 교반은 PSE 공정을 위한 셰이커 배양의 대안으로 사용할 수 있습니다. 그러나 마그네틱 교반 막대와 MOF 사이의 물리적 접촉으로 인해 MOF 입자가 깨지거나 파손될 수 있으므로 주의해야 합니다.</li>
</ol>2. 교환된 MOF를 분리하고 세척 공정
<ol><li>인큐베이션 후, 원심분리(1,166 x g, 5분, 실온)에 의해 혼합물로부터 고체 MOF를 분리한다.</li>
	<li>수득된 고체 MOF에 신선한 메탄올(10 mL)을 첨가하고, 혼합물을 흔들어 불균질 혼합물을 형성하고, 교환되지 않은 나머지 BDC 리간드를 용해시킨다.</li>
	<li>분리된 고체를 원심분리(1,166 x g, 5분, 실온)에 의해 분리하였다.</li>
	<li>2.2-2.3단계를 두 번 더 반복하여 총 3번의 세탁 주기를 반복합니다.</li>
	<li>교환된 MOF 고체를 마지막 세척 후 밤새 진공 하에 완전히 건조시켰다.</li>
</ol>3. 분말 X선 회절(PXRD)에 의한 MOF의 특성화
<ol><li>교환된 MOF 고체 약 10mg을 PXRD 샘플 홀더로 옮깁니다( 재료 표 참조).</li>
	<li>회절분석기에 샘플 홀더를 놓습니다.</li>
	<li>PXRD 패턴(그림 2)을 5°에서 30°까지 2θ 범위에서 수집합니다.</li>
	<li>얻은 데이터를 부모 UiO-66 MOF 및 시뮬레이션된 패턴과 비교합니다.</li>
</ol>4. 소화 후 핵자기 공명(NMR)에 의한 MOF의 특성화
<ol><li>교환된 MOF 고체 약 30mg을 새로운 4mL 바이알에 옮깁니다.</li>
	<li>마이크로피펫을 사용하여 400μL의 DMSO-d 6을 MOF 샘플로 옮깁니다.</li>
	<li>마이크로피펫을 사용하여 4.14M NH4F/D 2O 용액 200μL를 MOF 분말의 DMSO-d 6 현탁액으로 옮깁니다. 알림: NH40F/D4O 용액 대신 약 2% HF의 수용액을 사용할 수 있습니다. 이 경우, NMR에서 유의한H2O피크가 관찰된다. 그러나 HF 소화의 경우 더 명확한 소화가 가능합니다. 주의: HF는 신체와 중추 신경계에 매우 독성이 있습니다. 모든 형태의 접촉을 피하고 흄 후드에서 작업을 수행해야하며 개인 보호 장비를 착용해야합니다.</li>
	<li>소화 후 MOF가 디메틸 설폭사이드(DMSO)-D2O혼합 용매에 용해될 때까지 30분 동안 불균일 혼합물을 초음파 처리합니다.</li>
	<li>용액을 폴리비닐리덴 디플루오라이드(PVDF) 주사기 필터(Φ 13mm, 0.45μm 기공, 재료 표 참조)를 통해 여과하여 남아 있는 불용성 고체를 제거하고 4mL 바이알에서 NMR 튜브로 옮깁니다.</li>
	<li>NMR 튜브를 NMR 기계에 넣습니다. NMR 데이터를 수집합니다(그림 3).</li>
</ol>

Triazole 및 Tetrazole 기능화된 Zr-MOF 합성 및 특성화

<ol>
	<li>Zhou, H. -. C., Long, J. R., Yaghi, O. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Introduction+to+metal-organic+frameworks.">Introduction to metal-organic frameworks.</a> Chemical Reviews. 112 (2), 673-674 (2012).</li><li>Furukawa, H., Cordova, K. E., O'Keefe, M., Yaghi, O. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+chemistry+and+applications+of+metal-organic+frameworks.">The chemistry and applications of metal-organic frameworks.</a> Science. 341 (6149), 1230444 (2013).</li><li>Razavi, S. A. A., Morsali, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Linker+functionalized+metal-organic+frameworks.">Linker functionalized metal-organic frameworks.</a> Coordination Chemistry Reviews. 399, 213023 (2019).</li><li>Kim, D., Kang, M., Ha, H., Hong, C. S., Kim, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Multiple+functional+groups+in+metal-organic+frameworks+and+their+positional+regioisomerism.">Multiple functional groups in metal-organic frameworks and their positional regioisomerism.</a> Coordination Chemistry Reviews. 438, 213892 (2021).</li><li>Lu, W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tuning+the+structure+and+function+of+metal-organic+frameworks+via+linker+design.">Tuning the structure and function of metal-organic frameworks via linker design.</a> Chemical Society Reviews. 43 (16), 5561-5593 (2014).</li><li>Xie, L. -. H., Liu, X. -. M., He, T., Li, J. -. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Metal-organic+frameworks+for+the+capture+of+trace+aromatic+volatile+organic+compounds.">Metal-organic frameworks for the capture of trace aromatic volatile organic compounds.</a> Chem. 4 (8), 1911-1927 (2018).</li><li>Lv, X. -. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ligand+rigidification+for+enhancing+the+stability+of+metal-organic+frameworks.">Ligand rigidification for enhancing the stability of metal-organic frameworks.</a> Journal of the American Chemical Society. 141 (26), 10283-10293 (2019).</li><li>Robison, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transient+catenation+in+a+zirconium-based+metal-organic+framework+and+its+effect+on+mechanical+stability+and+sorption+properties.">Transient catenation in a zirconium-based metal-organic framework and its effect on mechanical stability and sorption properties.</a> Journal of the American Chemical Society. 143 (3), 1503-1512 (2021).</li><li>He, T., Kong, X. -. J., Li, J. -. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chemically+stable+metal-organic+frameworks:+rational+construction+and+application+expansion.">Chemically stable metal-organic frameworks: rational construction and application expansion.</a> Accounts of Chemical Research. 54 (15), 3083-3094 (2021).</li><li>Kalaj, M., Cohen, S. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Postsynthetic+modification:+an+enabling+technology+for+the+advancement+of+metal-organic+frameworks.">Postsynthetic modification: an enabling technology for the advancement of metal-organic frameworks.</a> ACS Central Science. 6 (7), 1046-1057 (2020).</li><li>Mandal, S., Natarajan, S., Mani, P., Pankajakshan, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Post-synthetic+modification+of+metal-organic+frameworks+toward+applications.">Post-synthetic modification of metal-organic frameworks toward applications.</a> Advanced Functional Materials. 31 (4), 2006291 (2021).</li><li>Wang, Z., Cohen, S. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Postsynthetic+modification+of+metal-organic+frameworks.">Postsynthetic modification of metal-organic frameworks.</a> Chemical Society Reviews. 38 (5), 1315-1329 (2009).</li><li>Tanabe, K. K., Cohen, S. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Postsynthetic+modification+of+metal-organic+frameworks-a+progress+report.">Postsynthetic modification of metal-organic frameworks-a progress report.</a> Chemical Society Reviews. 40 (2), 498-519 (2011).</li><li>Cohen, S. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Postsynthetic+methods+for+the+functionalization+of+metal-organic+frameworks.">Postsynthetic methods for the functionalization of metal-organic frameworks.</a> Chemical Reviews. 112 (2), 970-1000 (2012).</li><li>Wang, Z., Cohen, S. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Postsynthetic+covalent+modification+of+a+neutral+metal&#8722;organic+framework.">Postsynthetic covalent modification of a neutral metal&#8722;organic framework.</a> Journal of the American Chemical Society. 129 (41), 12368-12369 (2007).</li><li>Garibay, S. J., Cohen, S. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isoreticular+synthesis+and+modification+of+frameworks+with+the+UiO-66+topology.">Isoreticular synthesis and modification of frameworks with the UiO-66 topology.</a> Chemical Communications. 46 (41), 7700-7702 (2010).</li><li>Kim, M., Cahill, J. F., Fei, H., Prather, K. A., Cohen, S. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Postsynthetic+ligand+and+cation+exchange+in+robust+metal-organic+frameworks.">Postsynthetic ligand and cation exchange in robust metal-organic frameworks.</a> Journal of the American Chemical Society. 134 (43), 18082-18088 (2012).</li><li>Kim, M., Cahill, J. F., Su, Y., Prather, K. A., Cohen, S. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Postsynthetic+ligand+exchange+as+a+route+to+functionalization+of+'inert'+metal-organic+frameworks.">Postsynthetic ligand exchange as a route to functionalization of 'inert' metal-organic frameworks.</a> Chemical Science. 3 (1), 126-130 (2012).</li><li>Taddei, M., Wakeham, R. J., Koutsianos, A., Andreoli, E., Barron, A. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Post-synthetic+ligand+exchange+in+zirconium-based+metal-organic+frameworks:+beware+of+the+defects.">Post-synthetic ligand exchange in zirconium-based metal-organic frameworks: beware of the defects.</a> Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 57 (36), 11706-11710 (2018).</li><li>Park, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Defect+engineering+into+metal-organic+frameworks+for+the+rapid+and+sequential+installation+of+functionalities.">Defect engineering into metal-organic frameworks for the rapid and sequential installation of functionalities.</a> Inorganic Chemistry. 57 (3), 1040-1047 (2018).</li><li>Kim, S., Lee, J., Jeoung, S., Moon, H. R., Kim, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Surface-deactivated+core-shell+metal-organic+framework+by+simple+ligand+exchange+for+enhanced+size+discrimination+in+aerobic+oxidation+of+alcohols.">Surface-deactivated core-shell metal-organic framework by simple ligand exchange for enhanced size discrimination in aerobic oxidation of alcohols.</a> Chemistry-A European Journal. 26 (34), 7568-7572 (2020).</li><li>Lee, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pore+engineering+of+covalently+connected+metal-organic+framework+nanoparticle-mixed-matrix+membrane+composites+for+molecular+separation.">Pore engineering of covalently connected metal-organic framework nanoparticle-mixed-matrix membrane composites for molecular separation.</a> ACS Applied Nano Materials. 3 (9), 9356-9362 (2020).</li><li>Karagiaridi, O., Bury, W., Mondloch, J. E., Hupp, J. T., Farha, O. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Solvent-assisted+linker+exchange:+an+alternative+to+the+de+synthesis+of+unattainable+metal-organic+frameworks.">Solvent-assisted linker exchange: an alternative to the de synthesis of unattainable metal-organic frameworks.</a> Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 53 (18), 4530-4540 (2014).</li><li>Yu, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+solvent-assisted+ligand+exchange+approach+enables+metal-organic+frameworks+with+diverse+and+complex+architectures.">A solvent-assisted ligand exchange approach enables metal-organic frameworks with diverse and complex architectures.</a> Nature Communications. 11, 927 (2020).</li><li>Lee, S. Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Design+of+ultra-thin+nanosheet+bimetallic+NiCo+MOF+with+binary+ligand+via+solvent-assisted+ligand+exchange+(SALE)+reaction+for+high+performance+supercapacitors.">Design of ultra-thin nanosheet bimetallic NiCo MOF with binary ligand via solvent-assisted ligand exchange (SALE) reaction for high performance supercapacitors.</a> Electrochimica Acta. 451, 142291 (2023).</li><li>Liao, W. -. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Post-synthetic+exchange+(PSE)+of+UiO-67+frameworks+with+Ru/Rh+half-sandwich+units+for+visible-light-driven+H2+evolution+and+CO2+reduction.">Post-synthetic exchange (PSE) of UiO-67 frameworks with Ru/Rh half-sandwich units for visible-light-driven H2 evolution and CO2 reduction.</a> Journal of Materials Chemistry A. 6 (24), 11337-11345 (2018).</li><li>Islamoglu, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Postsynthetic+tuning+of+metal-organic+frameworks+for+targeted+applications.">Postsynthetic tuning of metal-organic frameworks for targeted applications.</a> Accounts of Chemical Research. 50 (4), 805-813 (2017).</li><li>Lee, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Strategies+in+metal-organic+framework-based+catalysts+for+the+aerobic+oxidation+of+alcohols+and+recent+progress.">Strategies in metal-organic framework-based catalysts for the aerobic oxidation of alcohols and recent progress.</a> Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society. 42 (3), 359-368 (2021).</li><li>Kalaj, M., Prosser, K. E., Cohen, S. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Room+temperature+aqueous+synthesis+of+UiO-66+derivatives+via+postsynthetic+exchange.">Room temperature aqueous synthesis of UiO-66 derivatives via postsynthetic exchange.</a> Dalton Transactions. 49 (26), 8841-8845 (2020).</li><li>Deria, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Beyond+post-synthesis+modification:+evolution+of+metal-organic+frameworks+via+building+block+replacement.">Beyond post-synthesis modification: evolution of metal-organic frameworks via building block replacement.</a> Chemical Society Reviews. 43 (16), 5896-5912 (2014).</li><li>Han, Y., Li, J. -. R., Xie, Y., Guo, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Substitution+reactions+in+metal-organic+frameworks+and+metal-organic+polyhedral.">Substitution reactions in metal-organic frameworks and metal-organic polyhedral.</a> Chemical Society Reviews. 43 (16), 5952-5981 (2014).</li><li>Xu, M. -. M., Chen, Q., Xie, L. -. H., Li, J. -. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Exchange+reactions+in+metal-organic+frameworks:+New+advances.">Exchange reactions in metal-organic frameworks: New advances.</a> Coordination Chemistry Reviews. 421, 213421 (2020).</li><li>Lee, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Uncoordinated+tetrazole+ligands+in+metal-organic+frameworks+for+proton-conductivity+studies.">Uncoordinated tetrazole ligands in metal-organic frameworks for proton-conductivity studies.</a> Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society. 43 (7), 912-917 (2022).</li><li>Han, B. -. X., Jiang, Y. -. F., Sun, X. -. R., Li, Z. -. F., Li, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Proton+conductive+N-heterocyclic+metal-organic+frameworks.">Proton conductive N-heterocyclic metal-organic frameworks.</a> Coordination Chemistry Reviews. 432, 213754 (2021).</li><li>Han, Z., Zhao, Y., Peng, J., G&#243;mez-Garc&#237;a, C. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Unusual+oxidation+of+an+N-heterocycle+ligand+in+a+metal&#8722;organic+framework.">Unusual oxidation of an N-heterocycle ligand in a metal&#8722;organic framework.</a> Inorganic Chemistry. 46 (14), 5453-5455 (2007).</li><li>Wu, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Linker+engineering+toward+full-color+emission+of+UiO-68+type+metal-organic+frameworks.">Linker engineering toward full-color emission of UiO-68 type metal-organic frameworks.</a> Journal of the American Chemical Society. 143 (28), 10547-10552 (2021).</li><li>Hamzah, H. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Post-synthetic+mannich+chemistry+on+metal-organic+frameworks:+system-specific+reactivity+and+functionality-triggered+dissolution.">Post-synthetic mannich chemistry on metal-organic frameworks: system-specific reactivity and functionality-triggered dissolution.</a> Chemistry-A European Journal. 24 (43), 11094-11102 (2018).</li><li>Oozeerally, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Systematic+modification+of+UiO-66+metal-organic+frameworks+for+glucose+conversion+into+5-hydroxymethyl+furfural+in+water.">Systematic modification of UiO-66 metal-organic frameworks for glucose conversion into 5-hydroxymethyl furfural in water.</a> ChemCatChem. 13 (10), 2517-2529 (2021).</li><li>Hamzah, H. A., Crickmore, T. S., Rixason, D., Burrows, A. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Post-synthetic+modification+of+zirconium+metal-organic+frameworks+by+catalyst-free+aza-Michael+additions.">Post-synthetic modification of zirconium metal-organic frameworks by catalyst-free aza-Michael additions.</a> Dalton Transactions. 47 (41), 14491-14496 (2018).</li></ol>

저자는 공개 할 것이 없습니다.

Zr 기반 UiO-66 MOF에 대한 기능화된 BDC 리간드를 사용하는 PSE 공정은 화학 태그가 있는 MOF를 얻는 간단하고 다재다능한 방법입니다. PSE 공정은 수성 매질에서 가장 잘 수행되며, 수성 매질에서 리간드를 용매화하는 초기 단계가 필요합니다. 작용기가 있는 사전 합성된 BDC를 사용하는 경우 4% KOH 수용액과 같은 염기성 용매에 직접 용해하는 것이 좋습니다. 대안적으로, 벤젠-1,4-디카르복실레이트의 나?...

금속-유기 프레임워크(MOF)는 금속 클러스터와 다중 주제 유기 리간드 사이의 배위 결합을 통해 형성되는 3차원 다공성 재료입니다. MOF는 영구적인 다공성, 낮은 밀도, 다양한 응용 분야를 가능하게 하는 유기 및 무기 구성 요소를 연결하는 능력으로 인해 상당한 주목을 받았습니다1,2. 또한 광범위한 금속 노드와 스트럿 유기 링커는 이론적으로 무한한 구조 조합을 제공합니다. 동일한 프레임워크 구조를 사용하더라도 MOF의 물리적 및 화학적 특성은 화학적 태그를 사용한 리간드 기능화를 통해 수정할 수 있습니다. 이러한 변형 공정은 특정 용도(3,4,5,6,7,8,9)에 맞게 MOF의 특성을 조정할 수 있는 유망한 경로를 제공한다.
MOF 합성 이전의 리간드의 사전 기능화 및 MOF의 합성 후 변형(PSM)은 모두 MOF 리간드에서 작용기를 도입 및/또는 수정하기 위해 사용되었다(10,11). 특히, 공유 PSM은 새로운 작용기를 도입하고 다양한 기능성을 갖는 다양한 MOF를 생성하기 위해 광범위하게 연구되어 왔다(12,13,14). 예를 들어, UiO-66-NH2 는 적절한 아실 할라이드 (예 : 아세틸 클로라이드 또는 n- 헥사 노일 클로라이드)와의 아실 화 반응을 통해 상이한 사슬 길이 (가장 짧은 아세트 아미드에서 가장 긴 n- 헥실 아미드까지)를 갖는 아미드 작용화 된 UiO-66-AM으로 전환 될 수있다 15,16. 이 접근 방식은 MOF 리간드에 특정 작용기를 도입하는 공유 PSM의 다재다능함을 입증하여 광범위한 응용 분야를 위한 기반을 마련합니다.
공유 PSM 외에도 합성 후 리간드 교환(PSE)은 MOF를 수정하기 위한 유망한 전략입니다(그림 1). MOF는 금속과 리간드(예: 카르복실레이트) 사이의 배위 결합으로 구성되기 때문에 이러한 배위 결합은 용액에서 외부 리간드로 대체될 수 있습니다. 화학적 태그가 있는 원하는 리간드를 함유하는 용액에 MOF를 노출시키는 것은 PSE 17,18,19,20,21,22를 통해 MOF에 통합될 수 있다. PSE 공정은 배위 용매의 존재에 의해 가속화되기 때문에 이 현상을 용매 보조 리간드 교환(SALE)이라고도 합니다.23,24. 이 접근법은 광범위한 외부 리간드로 MOF를 기능화하기 위한 유연하고 용이한 방법을 제공하여 광범위한 응용 분야를 가능하게 합니다(25,26,27,28,29).
<img alt="Figure 1" class="xfigimg" src="/files/ftp_upload/65619/65619fig01.jpg"> 그림 1: PSE를 통한 트리아졸 및 테트라졸 작용화 H2BDC 리간드의 합성 및 트리아졸 및 테트라졸 기능화 UiO-66 MOF의 제조. <a href="https://www.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/65619/65619fig01large.jpg" target="_blank">이 그림의 더 큰 버전을 보려면 여기를 클릭하십시오.</a> 
PSE 공정의 진행은 리간드 비율, 교환 온도 및 시간을 조정하여 제어할 수 있습니다. 특히, 실온 PSE는 용액으로부터 MOF 고형물(20)로 리간드를 교환함으로써 기능화된 MOF를 얻기 위해 사용될 수 있다. PSE 전략은 열적으로 불안정한 작용기(예: 아지도기)와 배위성 작용기(예: 페놀기)를 MOF 구조(18)에 도입하는 데 특히 유용하다. 또한 PSE 전략은 금속 및 배위 결합 변형이 있는 다양한 MOF에 적용되었습니다. 이 교환은 MOFs30,31,32의 화학에서 보편적인 과정입니다. 본 연구에서는 PSE가 원시적이고 기능화되지 않은 MOF로부터 기능화된 MOF를 얻기 위한 상세한 프로토콜을 제시하고, MOF의 성공적인 기능화를 확인하기 위한 특성화 전략을 제공한다. 이 방법은 다양한 작용기를 가진 MOF를 수정하기 위한 PSE의 다양성과 편의성을 보여줍니다.
테트라졸 함유 벤젠-1,4-디카르복실산(H2BDC-Tetrazole)33 및 트리아졸 함유 벤젠-1,4-디카르복실산(H2BDC-트리아졸)을 표적 리간드로 합성하고 UiO-66 MOF의 PSE에 활용하여 새로운 배위가 없는 트리아졸 함유 MOF를 얻습니다. 트리아졸과 테트라졸은 모두 헤테로사이클릭 고리에 산성 NH 양성자를 가지고 있으며 금속 양이온과 배합할 수 있으므로 MOF34,35를 구성하는 데 사용할 수 있습니다. 그러나 배위가 없는 테트라졸과 트리아졸을 MOF 및 관련 구조에 통합하는 것에 대한 연구는 제한적입니다. 트리아졸 기능화 Zr-MOF의 경우, UiO-68 유형 MOF는 벤조트리아졸 기능성36을 이용한 직접 용매열 합성을 통해 광물리적 특성을 조사하였다. 테트라졸-작용화된 Zr-MOF의 경우, 혼합된 직접 합성이 사용되었다33. 이러한 헤테로사이클 기능화된 MOF는 촉매 작용, 결합 친화력에 의한 선택적 분자 흡수 및 연료 전지의 양성자 전도와 같은 에너지 관련 응용을 위해 MOF 기공에 잠재적인 배위 부위를 제공할 수 있습니다.

<table><tbody><tr><td>2-Bromoterephthalic acid</td><td>BLD Pharm</td><td>BD5695</td><td>reagent for BDC-Triazole</td></tr><tr><td>Azidotrimethylsilane</td><td>Simga Aldrich</td><td>155071</td><td>reagent for BDC-Triazole</td></tr><tr><td>Bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride</td><td>TCI</td><td>B1667</td><td>reagent for BDC-Triazole</td></tr><tr><td>Copper(I) cyanide</td><td>Alfa-Aesar</td><td>12135</td><td>reagent for BDC-Tetrazole</td></tr><tr><td>Copper(I) iodide</td><td>Acros organics</td><td>20150</td><td>reagent for BDC-Triazole</td></tr><tr><td>Digital Orbital Shaker</td><td>Daihan Scientific</td><td>SHO-1D</td><td>PSE</td></tr><tr><td>Formic Acid</td><td>Daejung chemical</td><td>F0195</td><td>reagent for BDC-Tetrazole</td></tr><tr><td>Hybrid LC/Q-TOF system</td><td>Bruker BioSciences</td><td>maXis 4G</td><td>HR-MS</td></tr><tr><td>Lithum hydroxide monohydrate</td><td>Daejung chemical</td><td>5087-4405</td><td>reagent for BDC-Triazole</td></tr><tr><td>Magnesium sulfate</td><td>Samchun chemical</td><td>M1807</td><td>reagent for BDC-Triazole</td></tr><tr><td>Methyl alcohol</td><td>Daejung chemical</td><td>M0584</td><td>reagent for BDC-Tetrazole</td></tr><tr><td>N,N-Dimethylformamide</td><td>Daejung chemical</td><td>D0552</td><td>reagent for BDC-Tetrazole</td></tr><tr><td>Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometer-500 MHz</td><td>Bruker</td><td>AVANCE 500MHz</td><td>NMR</td></tr><tr><td>Polypropylene cap (22 mm, Cork-Backed Foil Lined)</td><td>Sungho Korea</td><td>22-200</td><td>material for digestion</td></tr><tr><td>Potassium cyanide</td><td>Alfa-Aesar</td><td>L13273</td><td>reagent for BDC-Tetrazole</td></tr><tr><td>PVDF Synringe filter (13 mm, 0.45 &amp;micro;m)</td><td>LK Lab Korea</td><td>F14-61-363</td><td>material for digestion</td></tr><tr><td>Scintillation vial (20 mL, borosilicate glass)</td><td>Sungho Korea</td><td>74504-20</td><td>material for digestion</td></tr><tr><td>Sodium azide&amp;nbsp;</td><td>TCI</td><td>S0489</td><td>reagent for BDC-Tetrazole</td></tr><tr><td>Sodium bicarbonate</td><td>Samchun chemical</td><td>S0343</td><td>reagent for BDC-Triazole</td></tr><tr><td>Tetrabutylammonium fluoride (1 M THF solution)</td><td>Acros organics</td><td>20195</td><td>reagent for BDC-Triazole</td></tr><tr><td>Triethylamine</td><td>TCI</td><td>T0424</td><td>reagent for BDC-Triazole</td></tr><tr><td>Triethylamine hydrochloride</td><td>Daejung chemical</td><td>8628-4405</td><td>reagent for BDC-Tetrazole</td></tr><tr><td>Trimethylsilyl-acetylene</td><td>Alfa-Aesar</td><td>A12856</td><td>reagent for BDC-Triazole</td></tr><tr><td>Triphenylphosphine</td><td>TCI</td><td>T0519</td><td>reagent for BDC-Triazole</td></tr><tr><td>X RAY DIFFRACTOMETER SYSTEM</td><td>Rigaku</td><td>MiniFlex 600</td><td>PXRD</td></tr><tr><td>Zirconium(IV) chloride</td><td>Alfa-Aesar</td><td>12104</td><td>reagent for BDC-Tetrazole</td></tr></tbody></table>

synthesis of triazole and tetrazole-functionalized zr-based metal-organic frameworks through post-synthetic ligand exchange

금속-유기 프레임워크(MOF)는 금속 클러스터와 유기 리간드 사이의 배위 결합을 통해 형성되는 다공성 재료의 한 종류입니다. 이들의 배위 특성을 감안할 때, 유기 리간드 및 스트럿 프레임워크는 MOF로부터 용이하게 제거될 수 있고 및/또는 다른 배위 분자와 교환될 수 있다. MOF 함유 용액에 표적 리간드를 도입함으로써 합성 후 리간드 교환(PSE)이라는 공정을 통해 새로운 화학 태그로 기능화된 MOF를 얻을 수 있습니다. PSE는 고체 용액 평형 공정을 통해 새로운 화학 태그로 광범위한 MOF를 준비할 수 있는 간단하고 실용적인 접근 방식입니다. 또한 PSE는 실온에서 수행할 수 있으므로 열적으로 불안정한 리간드를 MOF에 통합할 수 있습니다. 이 연구에서 우리는 Zr 기반 MOF(UiO-66; UiO = 오슬로 대학교). 분해 후 기능화된 MOF는 분말 X선 회절 및 핵자기 공명 분광법을 포함한 다양한 기술을 통해 특성화됩니다.

교환된 UiO-66 MOF, UiO-66-트리아졸 및 UiO-66-테트라졸의 성공적인 합성은 무색의 미결정 고체를 생성했습니다. H2BDC-트리아졸 및H2BDC-테트라졸 리간드 모두 또한 무색 고체 상태를 나타내었다. 교환의 성공 여부를 결정하는 데 사용된 표준 방법에는 PXRD 패턴을 측정하고 샘플의 결정도를 깨끗한 UiO-66 MOF와 비교하는 것이 포함되었습니다. 그림 2 는 교환된 UiO-66-트?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Functionalizing Metal-Organic Frameworks: Advancements, Challenges, and the Power of Post-Synthetic Ligand Exchange at JoVE.com

저자 스포트라이트: Functionalizing Metal-Organic Frameworks: Advancements, Challenges, and the Power of Post-Synthetic Ligand Exchange (금속-유기 프레임워크의 기능화: 발전, 과제, 그리고 합성 후 리간드 교환의 힘) 

합성 후 리간드 교환(PSE)은 금속-유기 프레임워크(MOF)에 작용기를 설치하기 위한 다재다능하고 강력한 도구입니다. 트리아졸 및 테트라졸 기능화 리간드를 함유하는 용액에 MOF를 노출시키면 PSE 공정을 통해 이러한 헤테로사이클릭 모이어티를 Zr-MOF에 통합할 수 있습니다.

합성 후 리간드 교환을 통한 트리아졸 및 테트라졸 기능화 Zr 기반 금속-유기 프레임워크의 합성

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of porous materials that are formed through coordination bonds between metal clusters and organic ligands. ...

우리의 주요 연구 주제는 다양한 기술을 통해 흥미로운 작용기를 가진 다공성 금속-유기 프레임워크(MOF)를 기능화하는 것입니다. 이 연구는 MOF의 헤테로사이클 설치에 초점을 맞춥니다. PSE, 합성 후 리간드 교환이 이 작업의 주요 기술입니다.표적 작용기를 갖는 리간드는 고체 용액 교환 공정 전반에 걸쳐 사전 합성된 MOFS에 설치될 수 있다. 특히, 불안정한 리간드 및 배위기를 갖는 리간드 중 일부는 PSE 기술을 통해 MOF에 효율적으로 통합될 수 있다. 트리아졸과 테트라졸 작용기는 모두 다중 배위 질소 홈을 가지고 있습니다.따라서 금속 카르복실레이트와 금속 트리아졸레이트 또는 테트라졸레이트 사이의 조정을 위한 경쟁이 있습니다. 표적 리간드의 혼입 비율은 PSE 공정에서 쉽게 제어되며 이 접근 방식을 통해 단일 MOF에 여러 표적을 설치할 수 있습니다.

synthesis-triazole-tetrazole-functionalized-zr-based-metal-organic

Research

JoVE Journal

Chemistry

Synthesis of Triazole and Tetrazole-Functionalized Zr-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks Through Post-Synthetic Ligand Exchange

2.7K 조회수.  Chungbuk National University. 우리의 주요 연구 주제는 다양한 기술을 통해 흥미로운 작용기를 가진 다공성 금속-유기 프레임워크(MOF)를 기능화하는 것입니다. 이 연구는 MOF의 헤테로사이클 설치에 초점을 맞춥니다. PSE, 합성 후 리간드 교환이 이 작업의 주요 기술입니다.표적 작용기를 갖는 리간드는 고체 용액 교환 공정 전반에 걸쳐 사전 합성된 MOFS에 설치될 수 있다. 특히, 불안정한 리간드 및 배?...

비디오: 저자 스포트라이트: Functionalizing Metal-Organic Frameworks: Advancements, Challenges, and the Power of Post-Synthetic Ligand Exchange (금속-유기 프레임워크의 기능화: 발전, 과제, 그리고 합성 후 리간드 교환의 힘) 

Preparation of Hydrophobic Metal-Organic Frameworks via Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition of Perfluoroalkanes for the Removal of Ammonia

Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) of perfluoroalkanes has long been studied for tuning the wetting properties of surfaces. For high surface area microporous materials, such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), unique challenges present themselves for PECVD treatments. Herein the protocol for development of a MOF that was previously unstable to humid conditions is presented. The protocol describes the synthesis of Cu-BTC (also known as HKUST-1), the treatment of Cu-BTC with PECVD of perfluoroalkanes, the aging of materials under humid conditions, and the subsequent ammonia microbreakthrough experiments on milligram quantities of microporous materials. Cu-BTC has an extremely high surface area (~1,800 m2/g) when compared to most materials or surfaces that have been previously treated by PECVD methods. Parameters such as chamber pressure and treatment time are extremely important to ensure the perfluoroalkane plasma penetrates to and reacts with the inner MOF surfaces. Furthermore, the protocol for ammonia microbreakthrough experiments set forth here can be utilized for a variety of test gases and microporous materials.

Herein the procedures for plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition of perfluoroalkanes on microporous materials such as metal-organic frameworks to enhance their stability and hydrophobicity are described. Furthermore, breakthrough testing of milligram quantities of samples is described in detail.

플라즈마 통해 소수성 유기 금속 프레임 워크의 제조 암모니아의 제거에 대한 퍼플 루오로 알칸의 화학 증착을 강화

Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) of perfluoroalkanes has long been studied for tuning the wetting properties of surfaces. For high ...

연구

화학

Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Metal-organic Frameworks

Metal-organic frameworks have attracted extraordinary amounts of research attention, as they are attractive candidates for numerous industrial and technological applications. Their signature property is their ultrahigh porosity, which however imparts a series of challenges when it comes to both constructing them and working with them. Securing desired MOF chemical and physical functionality by linker/node assembly into a highly porous framework of choice can pose difficulties, as less porous and more thermodynamically stable congeners (e.g., other crystalline polymorphs, catenated analogues) are often preferentially obtained by conventional synthesis methods. Once the desired product is obtained, its characterization often requires specialized techniques that address complications potentially arising from, for example, guest-molecule loss or preferential orientation of microcrystallites. Finally, accessing the large voids inside the MOFs for use in applications that involve gases can be problematic, as frameworks may be subject to collapse during removal of solvent molecules (remnants of solvothermal synthesis). In this paper, we describe synthesis and characterization methods routinely utilized in our lab either to solve or circumvent these issues. The methods include solvent-assisted linker exchange, powder X-ray diffraction in capillaries, and materials activation (cavity evacuation) by supercritical CO2 drying. Finally, we provide a protocol for determining a suitable pressure region for applying the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis to nitrogen isotherms, so as to estimate surface area of MOFs with good accuracy.

Synthesis, activation, and characterization of intentionally designed metal-organic framework materials is challenging, especially when building blocks are incompatible or unwanted polymorphs are thermodynamically favored over desired forms. We describe how applications of solvent-assisted linker exchange, powder X-ray diffraction in capillaries and activation via supercritical CO2 drying, can address some of these challenges.

기능화의 합성 및 특성 금속 - 유기 프레임 워크

Metal-organic frameworks have attracted extraordinary amounts of research attention, as they are attractive candidates for numerous industrial and ...

Synthesis of Ligand-free CdS Nanoparticles within a Sulfur Copolymer Matrix

Aliphatic ligands are typically used during the synthesis of nanoparticles to help mediate their growth in addition to operating as high-temperature solvents. These coordinating ligands help solubilize and stabilize the nanoparticles while in solution, and can influence the resulting size and reactivity of the nanoparticles during their formation. Despite the ubiquity of using ligands during synthesis, the presence of aliphatic ligands on the nanoparticle surface can result in a number of problems during the end use of the nanoparticles, necessitating further ligand stripping or ligand exchange procedures. We have developed a way to synthesize cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanoparticles using a unique sulfur copolymer. This sulfur copolymer is primarily composed of elemental sulfur, which is a cheap and abundant material. The sulfur copolymer has the advantages of operating both as a high temperature solvent and as a sulfur source, which can react with a cadmium precursor during nanoparticle synthesis, resulting in the generation of ligand free CdS. During the reaction, only some of the copolymer is consumed to produce CdS, while the rest remains in the polymeric state, thereby producing a nanocomposite material. Once the reaction is finished, the copolymer stabilizes the nanoparticles within a solid polymeric matrix. The copolymer can then be removed before the nanoparticles are used, which produces nanoparticles that do not have organic coordinating ligands. This nascent synthesis technique presents a method to produce metal-sulfide nanoparticles for a wide variety of applications where the presence of organic ligands is not desired.

Herein we present a method to synthesize ligand-free cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanoparticles based on a unique sulfur copolymer. The sulfur copolymer operates as a high temperature solvent and a sulfur source during the nanoparticle synthesis and stabilizes the nanoparticles after the reaction.

황 합체 매트릭스 내의 자유 리간드의 CDS 나노 입자의 합성

Aliphatic ligands are typically used during the synthesis of nanoparticles to help mediate their growth in addition to operating as high-temperature ...

Synthesis of a Water-soluble Metal&#8211;Organic Complex Array

We demonstrate a method for the synthesis of a water-soluble multimetallic peptidic array containing a predetermined sequence of metal centers such as Ru(II), Pt(II), and Rh(III). The compound, named as a water-soluble metal-organic complex array (WSMOCA), is obtained through 1) the conventional solution-chemistry-based preparation of the corresponding metal complex monomers having a 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc)-protected amino acid moiety and 2) their sequential coupling together with other water-soluble organic building units on the surface-functionalized polymeric resin by following the procedures originally developed for the solid-phase synthesis of polypeptides, with proper modifications. Traces of reactions determined by mass spectrometric analysis at the representative coupling steps in stage 2 confirm the selective construction of a predetermined sequence of metal centers along with the peptide backbone. The WSMOCA cleaved from the resin at the end of stage 2 has a certain level of solubility in aqueous media dependent on the pH value and/or salt content, which is useful for the purification of the compound.

A potential general method for the synthesis of water-soluble multimetallic peptidic arrays containing a predetermined sequence of metal centers is presented.

수용성 유기 금속 복합 어레이의 합성

We demonstrate a method for the synthesis of a water-soluble multimetallic peptidic array containing a predetermined sequence of metal centers such as ...

Surface Functionalization of Metal-Organic Frameworks for Improved Moisture Resistance

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of porous inorganic materials with promising properties in gas storage and separation, catalysis and sensing. However, the main issue limiting their applicability is their poor stability in humid conditions. The common methods to overcome this problem involve the formation of strong metal-linker bonds by using highly charged metals, which is limited to a number of structures, the introduction of alkylic groups to the framework by post-synthetic modification (PSM) or chemical vapour deposition (CVD) to enhance overall hydrophobicity of the framework. These last two usually provoke a drastic reduction of the porosity of the material. These strategies do not permit to exploit the properties of the MOF already available and it is imperative to find new methods to enhance the stability of MOFs in water while keeping their properties intact. Herein, we report a novel method to enhance the water stability of MOF crystals featuring Cu2(O2C)4&#160;paddle-wheel units, such as HKUST (where HKUST stands for Hong Kong University of Science &#38; Technology), with the catechols functionalized with alkyl and fluoro-alkyl chains. By taking advantage of the unsaturated metal sites and the catalytic catecholase-like activity of CuII ions, we are able to create robust hydrophobic coatings through the oxidation and subsequent polymerization of the catechol units on the surface of the crystals under anaerobic and water-free conditions without disrupting the underlying structure of the framework. This approach not only affords the material with improved water stability but also provides control over the function of the protective coating, which enables the development of functional coatings for the adsorption and separations of volatile organic compounds. We are confident that this approach could also be extended to other unstable MOFs featuring open metal sites.

Robust functional catechol coatings were produced in one step by direct reaction of the material known as HKUST with synthetic catechols under anaerobic conditions. The formation of homogeneous coatings surrounding the entire crystal is ascribed to the biomimetic catalytic activity of Cu(II) dimers on the external surface of the crystals.

향상 된 수 분 저항 금속-유기 프레임 워크의 표면 기능화

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of porous inorganic materials with promising properties in gas storage and separation, catalysis and sensing. ...

Electrophoretic Crystallization of Ultrathin High-performance Metal-organic Framework Membranes

We report the synthesis of thin, highly intergrown, polycrystalline metal-organic framework (MOF) membranes on a wide range of unmodified porous and non-porous supports (polymer, ceramic, metal, carbon, and graphene). We developed a novel crystallization technique, which is termed the ENACT approach: the electrophoretic nuclei assembly for the crystallization of highly intergrown thin films (ENACT). This approach allows for a high density of heterogeneous nucleation of MOFs on a chosen substrate via the electrophoretic deposition (EPD) directly from the precursor sol. The growth of well-packed MOF nuclei leads to a highly intergrown polycrystalline MOF film. We show that this simple approach can be used for the synthesis of thin, intergrown zeolite imidazole framework (ZIF)-7 and ZIF-8 films. The resulting 500 nm-thick ZIF-8 membranes show a considerably high H2 permeance (8.3 x 10-6 mol m-2 s-1 Pa-1) and ideal gas selectivities (7.3 for H2/CO2, 15.5 for H2/N2, 16.2 for H2/CH4, and 2655 for H2/C3H8). An attractive performance for C3H6/C3H8 separation is also achieved (a C3H6 permeance of 9.9 x 10-8 mol m-2 s-1 Pa-1 and a C3H6/C3H8 ideal selectivity of 31.6 at 25 &#176;C). Overall, the ENACT process, owing to its simplicity, can be extended to synthesize intergrown thin films of a wide range of nanoporous crystalline materials.

A simple, reproducible, and versatile approach for the synthesis of intergrown, polycrystalline metal-organic framework membranes on a wide range of unmodified porous and non-porous supports is presented.

Ultrathin 높은 성능 금속-유기 프레임 워크 막의 전기 이동 화

We report the synthesis of thin, highly intergrown, polycrystalline metal-organic framework (MOF) membranes on a wide range of unmodified porous and ...

Facile Synthesis of Colloidal Lead Halide Perovskite Nanoplatelets via Ligand-Assisted Reprecipitation

In this work, we demonstrate a facile method for colloidal lead halide perovskite nanoplatelet synthesis (Chemical formula: L2[ABX3]n-1BX4, L: butylammonium and octylammonium, A: methylammonium or formamidinium, B: lead, X: bromide and iodide, n: number of [BX6]4- octahedral layers in the direction of nanoplatelet thickness) via ligand-assisted reprecipitation. Individual perovskite precursor solutions are prepared by dissolving each nanoplatelet constituent salt in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), which is a polar organic solvent, and then mixing in specific ratios for targeted nanoplatelet thickness and composition. Once the mixed precursor solution is dropped into nonpolar toluene, the abrupt change in the solubility induces the instantaneous crystallization of nanoplatelets with surface-bound alkylammonium halide ligands providing colloidal stability. Photoluminescence and absorption spectra reveal emissive and strongly quantum-confined features. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy confirm the two-dimensional structure of the nanoplatelets. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the band gap of perovskite nanoplatelets can be continuously tuned in the visible range by varying the stoichiometry of the halide ion(s). Lastly, we demonstrate the flexibility of the ligand-assisted reprecipitation method by introducing multiple species as surface-capping ligands. This methodology represents a simple procedure for preparing dispersions of emissive 2D colloidal semiconductors.

This work demonstrates facile room-temperature synthesis of colloidal quantum-confined lead halide perovskite nanoplatelets by ligand-assisted reprecipitation method. Synthesized nanoplatelets show spectrally narrow optical features and continuous spectral tunability throughout the visible range by varying the composition and thicknesses.

리간드 보조 강침을 통해 콜로이드 리드 할라이드 페로브스카이트 나노 혈소판의 막실 합성

In this work, we demonstrate a facile method for colloidal lead halide perovskite nanoplatelet synthesis (Chemical formula: L2[ABX3]n-1BX4, L: ...

Development of Heterogeneous Enantioselective Catalysts using Chiral Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs)

Substrate size discrimination by the pore size and homogeneity of the chiral environment at the reaction sites are important issues in the validation of the reaction site in metal-organic framework (MOF)&#8211;based catalysts in an enantioselective catalytic reaction system. Therefore, a method of validating the reaction site of MOF-based catalysts is necessary to investigate this issue. Substrate size discrimination by pore size was accomplished by comparing the substrate size versus the reaction rate in two different types of carbonyl-ene reactions with two kinds of MOFs. The MOF catalysts were used to compare the performance of the two reaction types (Zn-mediated stoichiometric and Ti-catalyzed carbonyl-ene reactions) in two different media. Using the proposed method, it was observed that the entire MOF crystal participated in the reaction, and the interior of the crystal pore played an important role in exerting chiral control when the reaction was stoichiometric. Homogeneity of the chiral environment of MOF catalysts was established by the size control method for a particle used in the Zn-mediated stoichiometric reaction system. The protocol proposed for the catalytic reaction revealed that the reaction mainly occurred on the catalyst surface regardless of the substrate size, which reveals the actual reaction sites in MOF-based heterogeneous catalysts. This method for reaction site validation of MOF catalysts suggests various considerations for developing heterogeneous enantioselective MOF catalysts.

Development of Heterogeneous Enantioselective Catalysts using Chiral Metal-Organic Frameworks MOFs

Here, we present a protocol for active site validation of metal-organic framework catalysts by comparing stoichiometric and catalytic carbonyl-ene reactions to find out whether a reaction takes place on the inner or outer surface of metal-organic frameworks.

키랄 금속-유기 프레임워크(MOF)를 이용한 이기종 에난티오 선택적 촉매 개발

Substrate size discrimination by the pore size and homogeneity of the chiral environment at the reaction sites are important issues in the validation of ...

A Technical Guide for Performing Spectroscopic Measurements on Metal-Organic Frameworks

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) offer a unique platform to understand light-driven processes in solid-state materials, given their high structural tunability. However, the progression of MOF-based photochemistry has been hindered by the difficulty in spectrally characterizing these materials. Given that MOFs are typically larger than 100 nm in size, they are prone to excessive light scatter, thereby rendering data from valuable analytical tools like transient absorption and emission spectroscopy nearly uninterpretable. To gain meaningful insights of MOF-based photo-chemical and physical processes, special consideration must be taken toward properly preparing MOFs for spectroscopic measurements, as well as the experimental setups that garner higher quality data. With these considerations in mind, the present guide provides a general approach and set of guidelines for the spectroscopic investigation of MOFs. The guide addresses the following key topics: (1) sample preparation methods, (2) spectroscopic techniques/measurements with MOFs, (3) experimental setups, (3) control experiments, and (4) post-run stability characterization. With appropriate sample preparation and experimental approaches, pioneering advancements toward the fundamental understanding of light-MOF interactions are significantly more attainable.

Here, we use a polymer stabilizer to prepare metal-organic framework (MOF) suspensions that exhibit markedly decreased scatter in their ground-state and transient absorption spectra. With these MOF suspensions, the protocol provides various guidelines to characterize the MOFs spectroscopically to yield interpretable data.

금속-유기 프레임워크에 대한 분광 측정을 수행하기 위한 기술 가이드

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) offer a unique platform to understand light-driven processes in solid-state materials, given their high structural ...

Multitopic Phosphine Linker에서 Low-Valent MOF의 합성

Experimental Approaches for the Synthesis of Low-Valent Metal-Organic Frameworks from Multitopic Phosphine Linkers

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are the subject of intense research focus due to their potential applications in gas storage and separation, biomedicine, energy, and catalysis. Recently, low-valent MOFs (LVMOFs) have been explored for their potential use as heterogeneous catalysts, and multitopic phosphine linkers have been shown to be a useful building block for the formation of LVMOFs. However, the synthesis of LVMOFs using phosphine linkers requires conditions that are distinct from those in the majority of the MOF synthetic literature, including the exclusion of air and water and the use of unconventional modulators and solvents, making it somewhat more challenging to access these materials. This work serves as a general tutorial for the synthesis of LVMOFs with phosphine linkers, including information on the following: 1) the judicious choice of the metal precursor, modulator, and solvent; 2) the experimental procedures, air-free techniques, and required equipment; 3) the proper storage and handling of the resultant LVMOFs; and 4) useful characterization methods for these materials. The intention of this report is to lower the barrier to this new subfield of MOF research and facilitate advancements toward novel catalytic materials.

저자 스포트라이트: Experimental Approaches for the Synthesis of Low-Valent Metal-Organic Frameworks from Multitopic Phosphine Linkers  

Here, we describe a protocol for the synthesis of low-valent metal-organic frameworks (LVMOFs) from low-valent metals and multitopic phosphine linkers under air-free conditions. The resulting materials have potential applications as heterogeneous catalyst mimics of low-valent metal-based homogeneous catalysts.

Multitopic Phosphine Linkers로부터 저가 금속-유기 프레임워크의 합성을 위한 실험적 접근법

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are the subject of intense research focus due to their potential applications in gas storage and separation, biomedicine, ...

합성 후 리간드 교환을 통한 트리아졸 및 테트라졸 기능화 Zr 기반 금속-유기 프레임워크의 합성

필기록

요약

더 많은 비디오 탐색

PLAYLIST