<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>치료 저항성을 조사하기 위해 CART 세포에서 게놈 와이드 CRISPR 스크리닝

<ol>
	<li>Neelapu, S. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=5-year+follow-up+supports+curative+potential+of+axicabtagene+ciloleucel+in+refractory+large+B-cell+lymphoma+(zuma-1).">5-year follow-up supports curative potential of axicabtagene ciloleucel in refractory large B-cell lymphoma (zuma-1).</a> Blood. 141 (19), 2307-2315 (2023).</li><li>Neelapu, S. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Axicabtagene+ciloleucel+CAR+T-cell+therapy+in+refractory+large+B-cell+lymphoma.">Axicabtagene ciloleucel CAR T-cell therapy in refractory large B-cell lymphoma.</a> N Engl J Med. 377 (26), 2531-2544 (2017).</li><li>Locke, F. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Long-term+safety+and+activity+of+axicabtagene+ciloleucel+in+refractory+large+B-cell+lymphoma+(zuma-1):+A+single-arm,+multicentre,+phase+1-2+trial.">Long-term safety and activity of axicabtagene ciloleucel in refractory large B-cell lymphoma (zuma-1): A single-arm, multicentre, phase 1-2 trial.</a> Lancet Oncol. 20 (1), 31-42 (2019).</li><li>Maude, S. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tisagenlecleucel+in+children+and+young+adults+with+B-cell+lymphoblastic+leukemia.">Tisagenlecleucel in children and young adults with B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia.</a> N Engl J Med. 378 (5), 439-448 (2018).</li><li>Schuster, S. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tisagenlecleucel+in+adult+relapsed+or+refractory+diffuse+large+B-cell+lymphoma.">Tisagenlecleucel in adult relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.</a> N Engl J Med. 380 (1), 45-56 (2018).</li><li>Bai, Z., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Single-cell+antigen-specific+landscape+of+CAR+T+infusion+product+identifies+determinants+of+CD19-positive+relapse+in+patients+with+all.">Single-cell antigen-specific landscape of CAR T infusion product identifies determinants of CD19-positive relapse in patients with all.</a> Sci Adv. 8 (23), eabj2820 (2022).</li><li>Fraietta, J. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Determinants+of+response+and+resistance+to+CD19+chimeric+antigen+receptor+(CAR)+T+cell+therapy+of+chronic+lymphocytic+leukemia.">Determinants of response and resistance to CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.</a> Nat Med. 24, 563-571 (2018).</li><li>Gennert, D. G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dynamic+chromatin+regulatory+landscape+of+human+CAR+T+cell+exhaustion.">Dynamic chromatin regulatory landscape of human CAR T cell exhaustion.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 118 (30), e2104758118 (2021).</li><li>Deng, Q., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Characteristics+of+anti-CD19+CAR+T+cell+infusion+products+associated+with+efficacy+and+toxicity+in+patients+with+large+B+cell+lymphomas.">Characteristics of anti-CD19 CAR T cell infusion products associated with efficacy and toxicity in patients with large B cell lymphomas.</a> Nat Med. 26 (12), 1878-1887 (2020).</li><li>Sterner, R. M., Cox, M. J., Sakemura, R., Kenderian, S. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Using+CRISPR/CAS9+to+knock+out+GM-CSF+in+CAR-T+cells.">Using CRISPR/CAS9 to knock out GM-CSF in CAR-T cells.</a> J Vis Exp. (149), e59629 (2019).</li><li>Sterner, R. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=GM-CSF+inhibition+reduces+cytokine+release+syndrome+and+neuroinflammation+but+enhances+CAR-T+cell+function+in+xenografts.">GM-CSF inhibition reduces cytokine release syndrome and neuroinflammation but enhances CAR-T cell function in xenografts.</a> Blood. 133 (7), 697-709 (2019).</li><li>Cox, M. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=GM-CSF+disruption+in+CART+cells+modulates+T+cell+activation+and+enhances+CART+cell+anti-tumor+activity.">GM-CSF disruption in CART cells modulates T cell activation and enhances CART cell anti-tumor activity.</a> Leukemia. 36 (6), 1635-1645 (2022).</li><li>Ottaviano, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Phase+1+clinical+trial+of+CRISPR-engineered+CAR19+universal+T+cells+for+treatment+of+children+with+refractory+B+cell+leukemia.">Phase 1 clinical trial of CRISPR-engineered CAR19 universal T cells for treatment of children with refractory B cell leukemia.</a> Sci Transl Med. 14 (668), eabq3010 (2022).</li><li>Joung, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Genome-scale+CRISPR-CAS9+knockout+and+transcriptional+activation+screening.">Genome-scale CRISPR-CAS9 knockout and transcriptional activation screening.</a> Nat Protoc. 12, 828-863 (2017).</li><li>Mccutcheon, S. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transcriptional+and+epigenetic+regulators+of+human+CD8++T+cell+function+identified+through+orthogonal+CRISPR+screens.">Transcriptional and epigenetic regulators of human CD8+ T cell function identified through orthogonal CRISPR screens.</a> Nat Genet. 55, 2211-2223 (2023).</li><li>Zhu, W., Kelly, C., Dagur, P., Dunbar, C. E., Cordes, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=CRISPR+activation+screen+to+optimize+chimeric+antigen+receptor+(CAR)+T+cell+immunophenotype.">CRISPR activation screen to optimize chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell immunophenotype.</a> Blood. 142 (Supplement 1), 4820-4820 (2023).</li><li>Wang, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=CRISPR+screening+of+CAR+T+cells+and+cancer+stem+cells+reveals+critical+dependencies+for+cell-based+therapies.">CRISPR screening of CAR T cells and cancer stem cells reveals critical dependencies for cell-based therapies.</a> Cancer Discov. 11 (5), 1192-1211 (2021).</li><li>Shifrut, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Genome-wide+CRISPR+screens+in+primary+human+T+cells+reveal+key+regulators+of+immune+function.">Genome-wide CRISPR screens in primary human T cells reveal key regulators of immune function.</a> Cell. 175 (7), 1958-1971.e15 (2018).</li><li>Belk, J. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Genome-wide+crispr+screens+of+T+cell+exhaustion+identify+chromatin+remodeling+factors+that+limit+T+cell+persistence.">Genome-wide crispr screens of T cell exhaustion identify chromatin remodeling factors that limit T cell persistence.</a> Cancer Cell. 40 (7), 768-786.e7 (2022).</li><li>Jiang, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Single-cell+ATAC-seq+maps+the+comprehensive+and+dynamic+chromatin+accessibility+landscape+of+CAR-T+cell+dysfunction.">Single-cell ATAC-seq maps the comprehensive and dynamic chromatin accessibility landscape of CAR-T cell dysfunction.</a> Leukemia. 36 (11), 2656-2668 (2022).</li><li>Rossi, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Preinfusion+polyfunctional+anti-CD19+chimeric+antigen+receptor+T+cells+are+associated+with+clinical+outcomes+in+NHL.">Preinfusion polyfunctional anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T cells are associated with clinical outcomes in NHL.</a> Blood. 132 (8), 804-814 (2018).</li><li>Beider, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Molecular+and+functional+signatures+associated+with+CAR+T+cell+exhaustion+and+impaired+clinical+response+in+patients+with+B+cell+malignancies.">Molecular and functional signatures associated with CAR T cell exhaustion and impaired clinical response in patients with B cell malignancies.</a> Cells. 11 (7), 1140 (2022).</li><li>Wherry, E. J. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=cell+exhaustion.">cell exhaustion.</a> Nat Immunol. 12, 492-499 (2011).</li><li>Prinzing, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Deleting+DNMT3A+in+CAR+T+cells+prevents+exhaustion+and+enhances+antitumor+activity.">Deleting DNMT3A in CAR T cells prevents exhaustion and enhances antitumor activity.</a> Sci Transl Med. 13, eabh0272 (2021).</li><li>Lynn, R. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=C-jun+overexpression+in+CAR+T+cells+induces+exhaustion+resistance.">C-jun overexpression in CAR T cells induces exhaustion resistance.</a> Nature. 576, 293-300 (2019).</li><li>Tang, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=TGF-beta+inhibition+via+CRISPR+promotes+the+long-term+efficacy+of+CAR+T+cells+against+solid+tumors.">TGF-beta inhibition via CRISPR promotes the long-term efficacy of CAR T cells against solid tumors.</a> JCI Insight. 5 (4), e133977 (2020).</li><li>Joung, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Genome-scale+CRISPR-CAS9+knockout+and+transcriptional+activation+screening.">Genome-scale CRISPR-CAS9 knockout and transcriptional activation screening.</a> Nat Protoc. 12 (4), 828-863 (2017).</li><li>Li, W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quality+control,+modeling,+and+visualization+of+CRISPR+screens+with+MAGeCK-VISPR.">Quality control, modeling, and visualization of CRISPR screens with MAGeCK-VISPR.</a> Genome Biol. 16, 281 (2015).</li><li>Sakemura, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Targeting+cancer-associated+fibroblasts+in+the+bone+marrow+prevents+resistance+to+CART-cell+therapy+in+multiple+myeloma.">Targeting cancer-associated fibroblasts in the bone marrow prevents resistance to CART-cell therapy in multiple myeloma.</a> Blood. 139 (26), 3708-3721 (2022).</li><li>Stewart, C. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=IL-4+drives+exhaustion+of+CD8++CART+cells.">IL-4 drives exhaustion of CD8+ CART cells.</a> Nat Commun. 15 (1), 7921 (2024).</li><li>. FastQC: A quality control tool for high throughput sequence data Available from: <a target="_blank" href="https://www.bioinformatics.babraham.ac.uk/projects/fastqc/">https://www.bioinformatics.babraham.ac.uk/projects/fastqc/</a> (2010)</li><li>. Bbmerge Available from: <a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/BioInfoTools/BBMap/blob/master/sh/bbmerge.sh">https://github.com/BioInfoTools/BBMap/blob/master/sh/bbmerge.sh</a> (2019)</li><li>Pattanayak, V., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High-throughput+profiling+of+off-target+DNA+cleavage+reveals+RNA-programmed+CAS9+nuclease+specificity.">High-throughput profiling of off-target DNA cleavage reveals RNA-programmed CAS9 nuclease specificity.</a> Nat Biotechnol. 31 (9), 839-843 (2013).</li><li>Doench, J. G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rational+design+of+highly+active+sgRNAs+for+CRISPR-CAS9-mediated+gene+inactivation.">Rational design of highly active sgRNAs for CRISPR-CAS9-mediated gene inactivation.</a> Nat Biotechnol. 32 (12), 1262-1267 (2014).</li><li>Dong, M. B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Systematic+immunotherapy+target+discovery+using+genome-scale+in+vivo+CRISPR+screens+in+CD8+T+cells.">Systematic immunotherapy target discovery using genome-scale in vivo CRISPR screens in CD8 T cells.</a> Cell. 178 (5), 1189-1204.e23 (2019).</li><li>Zhou, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Single-cell+CRISPR+screens+in+vivo+map+T+cell+fate+regulomes+in+cancer.">Single-cell CRISPR screens in vivo map T cell fate regulomes in cancer.</a> Nature. 624 (7990), 154-163 (2023).</li><li>Sutra Del Galy, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vivo+genome-wide+CRISPR+screens+identify+SOCS1+as+intrinsic+checkpoint+of+CD4++TH1+cell+response.">In vivo genome-wide CRISPR screens identify SOCS1 as intrinsic checkpoint of CD4+ TH1 cell response.</a> Sci Immunol. 6 (66), eabe8219 (2021).</li><li>Ramos, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Leukemia-intrinsic+determinants+of+CAR-T+response+revealed+by+iterative+in+vivo+genome-wide+CRISPR+screening.">Leukemia-intrinsic determinants of CAR-T response revealed by iterative in vivo genome-wide CRISPR screening.</a> Nat Commun. 14 (1), 8048 (2023).</li></ol>

<table><tbody><tr><td>293T cells</td><td>ATCC</td><td>CRL-3216</td><td>Cells used for lentivirus production</td></tr><tr><td>Biotin ProteinL Antibody</td><td>GenScript</td><td>M00097</td><td>anti-kappa chain antibody for CAR detection</td></tr><tr><td>Bovine Serum Albumin</td><td>Millipore Sigma</td><td>A7906</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Carbenicillin disodium salt</td><td>Millipore Sigma</td><td>C1389-1G</td><td>Carbenicillin antibiotic</td></tr><tr><td>CD4 Isolation Beads</td><td>Miltenyi Biotec</td><td>130-045-101&amp;nbsp;</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>CD8 Isolation Beads</td><td>Miltenyi Biotec</td><td>130-045-201</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>CTS (Cell Therapy Systems) Dynabeads CD3/CD28</td><td>Gibco</td><td>40203D</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cytoflex</td><td>Beckman Coulter</td><td>NC2279958</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>DNase-Free Water</td><td>Invitrogen</td><td>AM9937</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Dulbecco&#039;s modified eagle&#039;s medium (DMEM)</td><td>Corning</td><td>10-017-CV</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Dulbecco&#039;s Phosphate-Buffered Saline</td><td>Gibco</td><td>14190-144</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>EasySep Human T Cell Isolation Kit</td><td>STEMCELL Technologies</td><td>17951RF</td><td>Negative isolation kit</td></tr><tr><td>Endura Electrocompetent Cells&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Biosearch Technologies</td><td>60242-1</td><td>Electrocompetent cells with recovery medium</td></tr><tr><td>Ethanol</td><td>Millipore Sigma</td><td>E7023</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Fetal bovine serum (FBS)</td><td>Corning</td><td>35-010-CV</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>GeCKO v2 CRISPR Knockout Pooled Library A</td><td>AddGene</td><td>1000000048</td><td>CRISPR library plasmid</td></tr><tr><td>Gene Pulser II&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Bio-Rad</td><td>165-2105</td><td>Electroporator</td></tr><tr><td>Glycogen</td><td>Millipore Sigma</td><td>10901393001</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>JeKo-1</td><td>ATCC</td><td>CRL-3006</td><td>CD19&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; target cells&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>Lipofectamine 3000 Transfection Reagent</td><td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td><td>L3000075</td><td>Transfection reagent kit with a transfection reagent (Lipofectamine 3000 Reagent) and a neutral co-lipid reagent (p3000)</td></tr><tr><td>LIVE/DEAD Aqua</td><td>Invitrogen</td><td>L34966</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Lymphoprep</td><td>STEMCELL Technologies</td><td>7851</td><td>Density gradient medium</td></tr><tr><td>Machery-Nagel NucleoBond Xtra Maxi Kits</td><td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td><td>12748412</td><td>Maxi-prep kit</td></tr><tr><td>NEBNext High-Fidelity 2X PCR MasterMix</td><td>New England BioLabs</td><td>M0541S</td><td>High fidelity PCR mastermix</td></tr><tr><td>Opti-MEM I Reduced Serum Medium</td><td>Gibco</td><td>31985-070</td><td>Reduced serum medium</td></tr><tr><td>pCMVR8.74</td><td>AddGene</td><td>22036</td><td>Lentiviral packaging plasmid</td></tr><tr><td>Pennicillin-streptomycin-glutamine (100X)</td><td>Life Technologies</td><td>10378-016</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>pMD2.G</td><td>AddGene</td><td>12259</td><td>VSV-G envelope expressing plasmid</td></tr><tr><td>Pooled Human AB Serum&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Innovative Research</td><td>ISERABHI</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Puromycin</td><td>Millipore Sigma</td><td>P8833</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>QIAquick Gel Extraction Kit</td><td>Qiagen</td><td>28704</td><td>Gek extraction kit</td></tr><tr><td>Qucik-DNA Midiprep Plus Kit</td><td>Zymo Research</td><td>D4075</td><td>Kit used to isolate gDNA</td></tr><tr><td>RoboSep-S</td><td>STEMCELL Technologies</td><td>21000</td><td>Automated cell separator</td></tr><tr><td>Roswell Park Memorial Institute 1640 Medium (RPMI)</td><td>Gibco</td><td>21870092</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>SepMate-50</td><td>STEMCELL Technologies</td><td>85450</td><td>Density gradient separation tube</td></tr><tr><td>Sodium Acetate</td><td>Invitrogen</td><td>AM9740</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sodium Azide</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>71448-16</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Streptavidin Antibody (PE)</td><td>BioLegend</td><td>405203</td><td>Secondary antibody used for CAR detection</td></tr><tr><td>T100 Thermal Cycler</td><td>Bio-Rad</td><td>1861096</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ultracentrifuge (Optima XPN-80)</td><td>BeckmanCoulter</td><td>A99839</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Vacuum Filter Systems, 0.22 &amp;micro;m</td><td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td><td>567-0020</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Vacuum Filter Systems, 0.45 &amp;micro;m</td><td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td><td>165-0045</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>X-VIVO 15 Serum-Free Hematopoietic Cell Medium</td><td>Lonza</td><td>04-418Q</td><td>Hematopoietic cell medium</td></tr></tbody></table>

performing an in vitro genome-wide crispr knockout screen in chimeric antigen receptor t cells

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>키메라 항원 수용체 T 세포에서 체외 게놈 와이드 CRISPR 녹아웃 스크리닝 수행

키메라 항원 수용체 T 세포에서 체외 게놈 와이드 CRISPR 녹아웃 스크리닝 수행

Chimeric antigen receptor T (CART) cell therapy is an innovative form of targeted immunotherapy that has revolutionized the treatment of cancer. However, ...

performing-an-vitro-genome-wide-crispr-knockout-screen-chimeric

Research

JoVE Journal

Cancer Research

Performing an In Vitro Genome-Wide CRISPR Knockout Screen in Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells

721 조회수.  Mayo Clinic. 이 논문은 건강한 기증자 키메라 항원 수용체 T 세포에서 게놈 전체 CRISPR 녹아웃 스크리닝을 완료하기 위해 고갈에 대한 체외 모델을 적용하는 프로토콜에 대해 설명합니다. 

비디오: 키메라 항원 수용체 T 세포에서 체외 게놈 와이드 CRISPR 녹아웃 스크리닝 수행

Genome-wide RNAi Screening to Identify Host Factors That Modulate Oncolytic Virus Therapy

High-throughput genome-wide RNAi (RNA interference) screening technology has been widely used for discovering host factors that impact&#160;virus replication. Here we present the application of this technology to uncovering host targets that specifically modulate the replication of Maraba virus, an oncolytic rhabdovirus, and vaccinia virus with the goal of enhancing therapy. While the protocol has been tested for use with oncolytic Maraba virus and oncolytic vaccinia virus, this approach is applicable to other oncolytic viruses and can also be utilized for identifying host targets that modulate virus replication in mammalian cells in general. This protocol describes the development and validation of an assay for high-throughput RNAi screening in mammalian cells, the key considerations and preparation steps important for conducting a primary high-throughput RNAi screen, and a step-by-step guide for conducting a primary high-throughput RNAi screen; in addition, it broadly outlines the methods for conducting secondary screen validation and tertiary validation studies. The benefit of high-throughput RNAi screening is that it allows one to catalogue, in an extensive and unbiased fashion, host factors that modulate any aspect of virus replication for which one can develop an in vitro assay such as infectivity, burst size, and cytotoxicity. It has the power to uncover biotherapeutic targets unforeseen based on current knowledge.

Here we describe a protocol for employing high-throughput RNAi screening to uncover host targets that can be manipulated to enhance oncolytic virus therapy, specifically rhabodvirus and vaccinia virus therapy, but it can be readily adapted to other oncolytic virus platforms or for discovering host genes that modulate virus replication generally.

RNAi 게놈 넓은 검사 Oncolytic 바이러스 치료 변조 호스트 요소를 식별 하

High-throughput genome-wide RNAi (RNA interference) screening technology has been widely used for discovering host factors that impact&#160;virus ...

연구

암 연구학

In Vitro Tumor Cell Rechallenge For Predictive Evaluation of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Antitumor Function

The field of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy is rapidly advancing with improvements in CAR design, gene-engineering approaches and manufacturing optimizations. One challenge for these development efforts, however, has been the establishment of in vitro assays that can robustly inform selection of the optimal CAR T cell products for in vivo therapeutic success. Standard in vitro tumor-lysis assays often fail to reflect the true antitumor potential of the CAR T cells due to the relatively short co-culture time and high T cell to tumor ratio. Here, we describe an in vitro co-culture method to evaluate CAR T cell recursive killing potential at high tumor cell loads. In this assay, long-term cytotoxic function and proliferative capacity of CAR T cells is examined in vitro over 7 days with additional tumor targets administered to the co-culture every other day. This assay can be coupled with profiling T cell activation, exhaustion and memory phenotypes. Using this assay, we have successfully distinguished the functional and phenotypic differences between CD4+ and CD8+ CAR T cells against glioblastoma (GBM) cells, reflecting their differential in vivo antitumor activity in orthotopic xenograft models. This method provides a facile approach to assess CAR T cell potency and to elucidate the functional variations across different CAR T cell products.

Here, we describe an in vitro co-culture method to recursively challenge tumor-targeted T cells, which allows for phenotypic and functional analysis of antitumor T cell activity.

체 외 종양 세포 Rechallenge 공상 항 원 수용 체 T 세포 Antitumor 기능 예측 평가

The field of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy is rapidly advancing with improvements in CAR design, gene-engineering approaches and ...

CAR 발현 Jurkat 세포에 의한 정량적 종양 세포 사멸 평가

Rapid In Vitro Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Jurkat Expressing Chimeric Antigen Receptor using Fluorescent Imaging

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells are at the forefront of oncology. A CAR is constructed of a targeting domain (usually a single chain variable fragment, scFv), with an accompanying intra-chain linker, followed by a hinge, transmembrane, and costimulatory domain. Modification of the intra-chain linker and hinge domain can have a significant effect on CAR-mediated killing. Considering the many different options for each part of a CAR construct, there are large numbers of permutations. Making CAR-T cells is a time-consuming and expensive process, and making and testing many constructs is a heavy time and material investment. This protocol describes a platform to rapidly evaluate hinge-optimized CAR constructs in Jurkat cells (CAR-J). Jurkat cells are an immortalized T cell line with high lentivirus uptake, allowing for efficient CAR transduction. Here, we present a platform to rapidly evaluate CAR-J using a fluorescent imager, followed by confirmation of cytolysis in PBMC-derived T cells.

저자 스포트라이트: High-Throughput Screening of CAR T-Cell Constructs for Enhanced Cytotoxicity and Immunologic Memory (세포독성 및 면역학적 기억 향상을 위한 CAR T 세포 구조의 고처리량 스크리닝) 

A protocol to evaluate quantitative tumor cell killing by Jurkat cells expressing chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) targeting single tumor antigen. This protocol can be used as a screening platform for rapid optimization of CAR hinge constructs prior to confirmation in peripheral blood-derived T cells.

형광 이미징을 사용한 Jurkat 발현 키메라 항원 수용체의 신속한 체외 세포 독성 평가

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells are at the forefront of oncology. A CAR is constructed of a targeting domain (usually a single chain variable ...

Streamlined Single Cell TCR Isolation and Generation of Retroviral Vectors for In Vitro and In Vivo Expression of Human TCRs

Although, several methods for sequencing of paired T cell receptor (TCR) alpha and beta chains from single T cells have been developed, none so far have been conducive to downstream in vivo functional analysis of TCR heterodimers. We have developed an improved protocol based on a two-step multiplex-nested PCR, which results in a PCR product that spans entire variable regions of a human TCR alpha and beta chains. By identifying unique restriction sites and incorporating them into the PCR primers, we have made the PCR product compatible with direct sub-cloning into the template retroviral vector. The resulting retroviral construct encodes a chimeric human/mouse TCR with a mouse intracellular domain, which is functional in mouse cells or in in vivo mouse models. Overall, the protocol described here combines human single cell paired TCR alpha and beta chain identification with streamlined generation of retroviral vectors readily adaptable for in vitro and in vivo TCR expression. The video and the accompanying material are designed to give a highly detailed description of the single cell PCR, so that the critical steps can be followed and potential pitfalls avoided. Additionally, we provide a detailed description of the cloning steps necessary to generate the expression vector. Once mastered, the whole procedure from single cell sorting to TCR expression could be performed in a short two-week period.

Streamlined Single Cell TCR Isolation and Generation of Retroviral Vectors for In Vitro and In Vivo Expression of Human TCRs

The current protocol combines single cell paired human TCR alpha and beta chain sequencing with streamlined generation of retroviral vectors compatible with in vitro and in vivo TCR expression.

단일 셀 TCR 고립과 Retroviral 벡터 생체 외에서 의 생성과 Vivo에서 표현의 인간의 TCRs 간소화

Although, several methods for sequencing of paired T cell receptor (TCR) alpha and beta chains from single T cells have been developed, none so far have ...

면역학 및 감염병학

A Real-time Potency Assay for Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells Targeting Solid and Hematological Cancer Cells

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy for cancer has achieved significant clinical benefit for resistant and refractory hematological malignancies such as childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. Efforts are currently underway to extend this promising therapy to solid tumors in addition to other hematological cancers. Here, we describe the development and production of potent CAR T cells targeting antigens with unique or preferential expression on solid and liquid tumor cells. The in vitro potency of these CAR T cells is then evaluated in real-time using the highly sensitive impedance-based xCELLigence assay. Specifically, the impact of different costimulatory signaling domains, such as glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-related protein (GITR), on the in vitro potency of CAR T cells is examined. This report includes protocols for: generating CAR T cells for preclinical studies using lentiviral gene transduction, expanding CAR T cells, validating CAR expression, and running and analyzing xCELLigence potency assays.

We describe a quantitative real-time in vitro cytolysis assay system to evaluate the potency of chimeric antigen receptor T cells targeting liquid and solid tumor cells. This protocol can be extended to assess other immune effector cells, as well as combination treatments.

고체 및 혈액암 세포를 표적으로 하는 키메라 항원 수용체 T 세포를 위한 실시간 힘 분석

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy for cancer has achieved significant clinical benefit for resistant and refractory hematological ...

Syngeneic 모델에서 마우스 CAR-T 세포 생성을 위한 간소화된 프로토콜

Efficient Generation of Murine Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-T Cells

Engineered cell therapies utilizing chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells have achieved remarkable effectiveness in individuals with hematological malignancies and are presently undergoing development for the treatment of diverse solid tumors. So far, the preliminary evaluation of novel CAR-T cell products has predominantly taken place in xenograft tumor models using immunodeficient mice. This approach is chosen to facilitate the successful engraftment of human CAR-T cells in the experimental setting. However, syngeneic mouse models, in which tumors and CAR-T cells are derived from the same mouse strain, allow evaluation of new CAR technologies in the context of a functional immune system and comprehensive tumor microenvironment (TME). The protocol described here aims to streamline the process of mouse CAR-T cell generation by presenting standardized methods for retroviral transduction and ex vivo T cell culture. The methods described in this protocol can be applied to other CAR constructs beyond the ones used in this study to enable routine evaluation of new CAR technologies in immune-competent systems.

저자 스포트라이트: Enhancing CAR-T Cell Function in Syngeneic Tumor Models(합성 유전자 종양 모델에서 CAR-T 세포 기능 향상) 

This protocol streamlines retroviral vector production and murine T cell transduction, facilitating the efficient generation of mouse CAR-T cells.

Murine Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-T cell의 효율적인 생성

Engineered cell therapies utilizing chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells have achieved remarkable effectiveness in individuals with hematological ...

키메라 항원 수용체 T 세포에서 체외 게놈 와이드 CRISPR 녹아웃 스크리닝 수행

요약

더 많은 비디오 탐색

이 비디오의 챕터

RNAi 게놈 넓은 검사 Oncolytic 바이러스 치료 변조 호스트 요소를 식별 하

체 외 종양 세포 Rechallenge 공상 항 원 수용 체 T 세포 Antitumor 기능 예측 평가

형광 이미징을 사용한 Jurkat 발현 키메라 항원 수용체의 신속한 체외 세포 독성 평가

형광 이미징을 사용한 Jurkat 발현 키메라 항원 수용체의 신속한 체외 세포 독성 평가

형광 이미징을 사용한 Jurkat 발현 키메라 항원 수용체의 신속한 체외 세포 독성 평가

단일 셀 TCR 고립과 Retroviral 벡터 생체 외에서 의 생성과 Vivo에서 표현의 인간의 TCRs 간소화

고체 및 혈액암 세포를 표적으로 하는 키메라 항원 수용체 T 세포를 위한 실시간 힘 분석

Murine Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-T cell의 효율적인 생성

Murine Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-T cell의 효율적인 생성

Murine Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-T cell의 효율적인 생성