This work has been supported by the Austrian Research Foundation (FWF, grant N211-NAN to DS) and the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG, grant N200 to DS). The authors thank Claudia Url for excellent technical assistance and Monica Farrell for linguistic editing.

1. Starting material
Start with platelet rich plasma (PRP) units prepared by cytapheresis or derived from buffy coats.
2. Sterility check
For sterility check take a sample of 20 mL from each PRP unit by transferring the volume to a connected small bag (Baxter). Disconnect this bag by welding.
3. Freezing of PRP units
Immediately after preparation, freeze the PRP units down to at least -20&deg;C in the original storage bag without further manipulation.
4. Thawing of HPL units
When bacterial tests are negative, thaw human platelet lysate units, now called HPL units at 37&deg;C (water bath) until the ice clots disappear. Do not warm the HPL.
5. Pooling of HPL units
Take at least ten to fifteen thawed HPL units for one platelet lysate pool to prepare a standardized product. Connect the HPL bags consecutively to the pooling double bag (MacoPharma) and transfer the HPL into these two bags. Disconnect the empty HPL bags by welding. Get a final volume of 3 to 4 L of pooled human platelet lysate (pHPL) by mixing the content of the two bags. Connect a small bag (Baxter) and take a sample of 20 mL pHPL for sterility check of the pooled product. Disconnect this bag by welding.
6. Portioning of the pHPL
Portion the pHPL to get suitable aliquots for further processing. Connect small bags (Baxter) to the pooling double bag (Macopharma) and transfer volumes of up to 250 mL to the small storage bags (Baxter). Disconnect the filled bags by welding.
7. Re-freezing of the pHPL aliquots
Increase the rate of platelet fragmentation and the amount of released growth factors by a further freeze/thaw step. Freeze the small bags of portioned pHPL again at least -20&deg;C.
8. Re-thawing and portioning of the pHPL aliquots
Thaw the pHPL bags at 37&deg;C (water bath). Transfer the content into 50 mL vials (Falcons BD) by cutting the tube of the bag using sterile scissors and pouring the pHPL into the vials. Perform this step in a laminar flow bench to avoid bacterial or fungal contamination.
9. Removal of platelet fragments
As platelet fragments tend to aggregate and may induce alloimmunization, remove them from the pHPL. Centrifuge the pHPL vials therefore at 4,000g (15 minutes, 4&deg;C). In a laminar flow bench pipette the supernatant plasma into the final storage vials (Falcons BD) and discard the platelet pellets to avoid fragments in cell culture.
10. Storage of pHPL
Freeze aliquots of 50 mL pHPL vials again at least-20&deg;C and store them for experimental use.
11. Use of pHPL in cell culture
Initially add preservative-free heparin to the medium to avoid gel formation. Thaw a pHPL aliquot at 37&deg;C and supplement the culture medium by addition of 8 &#x2013; 10%.
Mediums
MSC-Medium:
Use 500 mL of a-MEM, add 56 mL of thawed pHPL (see also reference 1 for further details) and 2 IU/mL (=224 &mu;l of stock solution) of preservative-free Heparin (avoids coagulation of the medium through clumping of the fibrinogen in the plasma) to reach a final concentration of 10% pHPL. Additionally add Penicillin (100U/mL) /Streptomycin (100&mu;g/mL) solution and 2mM of L-Glutamin (both Sigma).
Filter the medium through a 20 &mu;m-pore size vacuum filter (Millipore). Label the bottle appropriately (content, date).
ECFC-Medium:
Use one bottle (500 mL) of EBM, add the cytokine-aliquots, 56 mL of pHPL, 10 IU/ml (=1120&mu;l of stock solution) of preservative-free Heparin, Penicillin (100U/mL) /Streptomycin (100 g/mL) solution and 2mM of L-Glutamin to the basal medium and filter with a 20 &mu;l-pore size vacuum filter (Millipore). Label the bottle appropriately (content, date).
<img src="/files/ftp_upload/1523/1523fig1.jpg" alt="Figure 1" /> Figure 1:Preparation of platelet-rich plasma from a whole blood donation from a local blood bank or any other authorized provider. After centrifugation the blood can be separated into plasma, buffy coat and red blood cells. Four buffy coat units, blood group O and one blood group AB plasma can be pooled before centrifugation to separate the platelet rich plasma. A regular quality platelet-rich plasma unit of approximately 300mL should contain 1x109 platelets per mL or 3x1011 platelets total.
<img src="/files/ftp_upload/1523/1523fig2.jpg" alt="Figure 2" />
<img src="/files/ftp_upload/1523/1523fig3.jpg" alt="Figure 3" />

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In some regions platelet rich plasma (PRP) may be obtained from buffy-coats otherwise being a waste product of packed red blood cell production from tested blood donations (Figure 1). Optimally, PRP is used immediately for further preparation of pHPL, as in outdated platelet concentrates the availability of growth factors may be reduced due to platelet storage lesions and degradation20. It is further recommended to produce PRP by matching platelets of blood group O with plasma of blood group AB to avoid possib...

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		<div>
		<table border="1">
		<thead>
		<tr>
		<th>Material Name</th>
		<th>Type</th>
		<th>Company</th>
		<th>Catalogue Number</th>
		<th>Comment</th>
		</tr>
		</thead>
		<tbody>
		
<tr>
<td>Double bag (2 x 3.5L)</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>MacoPharma</td>
<td>VDL 8000XQ</td>
<td>originally for ascites puncture</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>50 mL Falcon tube</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Falcon BD</td>
<td>2098</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>50 mL Stripettes</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Costar</td>
<td>4501</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Plasma bags (600mL)</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Baxter</td>
<td>R4R2021</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Sterile tubing welder</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Terumo</td>
<td>TSCD-II</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Welding equipment </td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Fresenius Kabi</td>
<td>Compo Seal</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Water bath</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Sterile scissors</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Clamps</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Centrifuge</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>		</tbody>
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preparation of pooled human platelet lysate (phpl) as an efficient supplement for animal serum-free human stem cell cultures

Platelet derived growth factors have been shown to stimulate cell proliferation efficiently in vivo1,2 and in vitro. This effect has been reported for mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), fibroblasts and endothelial colony-forming cells with platelets activated by thrombin3-5 or lysed by freeze/thaw cycles6-14 before the platelet releasate is added to the cell culture medium. The trophic effect of platelet derived growth factors has already been tested in several trials for tissue engineering and regenerative therapy.1,15-17 Varying efficiency is considered to be at least in part due to individually divergent concentrations of growth factors18,19 and a current lack of standardized protocols for platelet preparation.15,16 This protocol presents a practicable procedure to generate a pool of human platelet lysate (pHPL) derived from routinely produced platelet rich plasma (PRP) of forty to fifty single blood donations. By several freeze/thaw cycles the platelet membranes are damaged and growth factors are efficiently released into the plasma. Finally, the platelet fragments are removed by centrifugation to avoid extensive aggregate formation and deplete potential antigens. The implementation of pHPL into standard culture protocols represents a promising tool for further development of cell therapeutics propagated in an animal protein-free system.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Preparation of Pooled Human Platelet Lysate pHPL as an Efficient Supplement for Animal Serum-Free Human Stem Cell Cultures at JoVE.com

Preparation of Pooled Human Platelet Lysate pHPL as an Efficient Supplement for Animal Serum-Free Human Stem Cell Cultures

Human platelet lysate is a rich source of growth factors and a potent supplement in cell culture. This protocol presents the process of preparing a large pool of human platelet lysate by starting from platelet rich plasma, performing several freeze-thaw cycles and depleting the platelet fragments.

Preparation of Pooled Human Platelet Lysate (pHPL) as an Efficient Supplement for Animal Serum-Free Human Stem Cell Cultures

Platelet derived growth factors have been shown to stimulate cell proliferation efficiently in vivo1,2 and in vitro. This effect has been reported for ...

preparation-pooled-human-platelet-lysate-phpl-as-an-efficient

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25.1K Views.  Medical University of Graz, Austria. Human platelet lysate is a rich source of growth factors and a potent supplement in cell culture. This protocol presents the process of preparing a large pool of human platelet lysate by starting from platelet rich plasma, performing several freeze-thaw cycles and depleting the platelet fragments.