measuring-cardiac-output-in-a-swine-model

Measuring Cardiac Output in a Swine Model

Swine are frequently used in medical research given their similar cardiac physiology to that of humans. Measuring cardiac parameters such as stroke volume ...

development-selective-aortic-arch-perfusion-system-porcine-model

Development of a Selective Aortic Arch Perfusion System in a Porcine Model of Exsanguination Cardiac Arrest

Hemorrhage constitutes the majority of potentially preventable deaths from trauma. There is growing interest in endovascular resuscitation techniques such ...

R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center

University of Maryland Medical System

Exsanguination leading to cardiac arrest is the terminal phase of uncontrolled hemorrhage. Resuscitative interventions have focused on preload and afterload support. Outcomes remain poor due to several factors but poor coronary perfusion undoubtedly plays a role. The aim of this study is to characterize the relationship between arterial pressure and flow during hemorrhage in an effort to better describe the terminal phases of exsanguination.Male swine weighing 60 kg to 80 kg underwent splenectomy and instrumentation followed by a logarithmic exsanguination until asystole. Changes in hemodynamic parameters over time were compared using one-way, repeated measures analysis of variance.Nine animals weighing 69 ± 15 kg were studied. Asystole occurred at 53 ± 13 min when 52 ± 11% of total blood volume has been shed. The greatest fall in mean hemodynamic indices were noted in the first 15 min: SBP (80-42 mm Hg, P = 0.02), left ventricular end-diastolic volume (94-52 mL, P = 0.04), cardiac output (4.8-2.4 L/min, P = 0.03), coronary perfusion pressure (57-30 mm Hg, P = 0.01), and stroke volume (60-25 mL, P = 0.02). This corresponds to the greatest rate of exsanguination. Organized cardiac activity was observed until asystole without arrythmias. Coronary flow was relatively preserved throughout the study, with a precipitous decline once mean arterial pressure was less than 20 mm Hg, leading to asystole.In this model, initial hemodynamic instability was due to preload failure, with asystole occurring relatively late, secondary to failure of coronary perfusion. Future resuscitative therapies need to directly address coronary perfusion failure if effective attempts are to be made to salvage these patients.

The Cardiac Physiology Underpinning Exsanguination Cardiac Arrest: Targets for Endovascular Resuscitation.

A Technique for Open Chest Selective Aortic Arch Perfusion.

Adequate cerebral perfusion is crucial for a positive neurological outcome in trauma; however, it is difficult to characterize in the acute setting with non-invasive methods. Intra-arterial computed tomography perfusion (IA-CTP) may offer a solution. The aim of this study is to develop an IA-CTP protocol for resuscitation research.

Development of a Computed Tomography Perfusion Protocol to Support Large Animal Resuscitation Research.

Swine () are utilized broadly in research settings, given similarities to human vessel size and function; however, there are some important differences for clinicians to understand in order to interpret and perform translational research. This review article uses angiograms acquired in the course of a translational research program to present a description of the functional anatomy of the swine.

The functional vascular anatomy of the swine for research.

To evaluate the mean aortic-right atrial pressure (AoP-RAP) gradients and mean coronary perfusion pressures (CPPs) observed during open cardiac massage (OCM) versus those obtained with selective aortic arch perfusion (SAAP) in post-mortem hypovolemic swine.

Hossam Abdou

R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center

Measuring Cardiac Output in a Swine Model

Development of a Selective Aortic Arch Perfusion System in a Porcine Model of Exsanguination Cardiac Arrest