comparative-karyotype-analysis-lycoris-aurea-herb-populations-using

Comparative Karyotype Analysis of <em>Lycoris aurea</em> Herb Populations Using Fluorochrome Banding and 45S and 5S rDNA-FISH

To understand karyotype variation in eight populations, detailed karyotypes were meticulously established using chromosomal measurements, fluorescence ...

Huaihua University

Based on the characteristics of Lycoris aurea (L. aurea) natural distribution and local soil types, we selected four representative types of soil, including humus soil, sandy soil, garden soil and yellow-brown soil, for conducting the cultivation experiments to investigate key soil factors influencing its growth and development and to select the soil types suitable for cultivating it. We found that there existed significant differences in the contents of mineral elements and the activities of soil enzymes (urease, phosphatase, sucrase and catalase) etc. Among which, the contents of organic matters, alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen, Ca and Mg as well as the activities of soil enzymes in humus soil were the highest ones. In yellow-brown soil, except for Fe, the values of all the other items were the lowest ones. Net photosynthetic rate (P), biomass and lycorine content in humus soil were all the highest ones, which were increased by 31.02, 69.39 and 55.79%, respectively, as compared to those of yellow-brown soil. Stepwise multiple regression analysis and path analysis indicated that alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen, and Ca etc. were key soil factors influencing P, biomass and lycorine content of L. aurea. Thus, humus soil can be used as medium suitable for artificial cultivation of L. aurea.

The influences of four types of soil on the growth, physiological and biochemical characteristics of Lycoris aurea (L' Her.) Herb.

Lycorine, a benzylphenanthridine-type alkaloid extracted form Amarillidaceae genera, exhibits an efficacy against various types of cancer. Nonetheless, the impact of lycorine treatment on neuroblastoma has not yet been investigated. Here we utilized a combinatorial strategy to explore and to understand the effect of lycorine on neuroblastoma Neuro-2a cells. Our results indicated that lycorine inhibits the Neuro-2a cells proliferation by promoting cell apoptosis. In addition, wound healing assay revealed that lycorine inhibits the Neuo-2a cells migration. Comparative transcriptome analysis showed that lycorine has the potential to affect cycle pathway. Flow cytometry analysis confirmed that lycorine arrested the Neuro-2a cell cycle at G2/M phase. Furthermore, we detected that the protein expression of Cyclin A, Cyclin B1 and Cyclin E were decreased, whereas protein of p53, Tgfβ3, Gadd45β, Gadd45γ, p21 and p27 were increased after treatment with lycorine. Collectively, we propose that lycorine might be a valuable candidate therapeutic agent in combating neuroblastoma.

Lycorine inhibits the proliferation of neuroblastoma neuro-2a cells by inducing G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.

Hybridization is considered as an important model of speciation, but the evolutionary process of natural hybridization is still poorly characterized in Lycoris. To reveal the phylogenetic relationship of two new putative natural hybrids in Lycoris, morphological, karyotypic and chloroplast genomic data of four Lycoris species were analyzed in this study.

Reciprocal natural hybridization between Lycoris aurea and Lycoris radiata (Amaryllidaceae) identified by morphological, karyotypic and chloroplast genomic data.

Lycoris aurea, celebrated for its visually striking flowers and significant medicinal value due to the presence of alkaloids such as lycorine and galanthamine, has intricate yet poorly understood regulatory mechanisms. This study provides a detailed examination of the transcriptomic, metabolomic and ecological dynamics of L. aurea, aiming to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms of alkaloid biosynthesis. Our comparative analysis across different ecological settings highlighted key genes involved in alkaloid biosynthesis, such as genes encoding aldehyde dehydrogenase and norbelladine 4'-O-methyltransferase, which were distinctively increased in the high alkaloids-producing group. We identified a total of 6871 differentially expressed genes and 915 metabolites involved in pathways like terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis. Protein interaction network analysis revealed significant upregulation of photosynthesis, photosystem and photosynthetic membrane pathways in the alkaloids-producing region. Furthermore, our research delineated the interactions among soil microbial communities, genes and plant and soil biochemical properties, noting that bacterial populations correlate with soil properties that favour the activation of metabolic pathways essential for alkaloid production. Collectively, this study advances our understanding of the genetic and metabolic alkaloid biosynthesis pathways in L. aurea, shedding light on the complex interactions that govern alkaloid production.

Miaohua Quan

Key Laboratory of Research and Utilization of Ethnomedicinal Plant Resources of Hunan Province

Huaihua University

Comparative Karyotype Analysis of Lycoris aurea Herb Populations Using Fluorochrome Banding and 45S and 5S rDNA-FISH