Behavioral corporate finance integrates psychological principles with traditional financial theories to explain how cognitive biases and emotions influence decision-making. While traditional finance assumes that managers and investors act rationally to maximize shareholder value, behavioral finance recognizes that real-world decisions often deviate from rationality, leading to suboptimal financial choices.

Traditional corporate finance is grounded in rational decision-making, where financial choices are based on data-driven models, expected returns, and risk assessments. However, behavioral finance highlights the impact of cognitive biases, such as overconfidence and loss aversion, on financial decisions. These biases may cause firms to take excessive risks or avoid valuable investment opportunities due to fear of losses, ultimately affecting profitability and growth.

One prominent behavioral bias in corporate finance is managerial overconfidence. Rational rational decision-making requires objective risk assessment using financial models when evaluating high-risk projects. However, overconfident executives may overestimate their ability to manage uncertainty, leading to aggressive expansion, excessive debt accumulation, or misallocation of resources. Such behavior can jeopardize long-term financial stability.

Recognizing the role of psychology in financial decisions enables companies to mitigate biases and improve corporate governance. By addressing behavioral tendencies, firms can enhance investment strategies, optimize capital allocation, and foster sustainable financial management. Implementing structured decision-making processes and objective evaluation methods can reduce the adverse effects of cognitive biases, ensuring more rational and strategic corporate financial planning.