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University Medicine Berlin

2 ARTICLES PUBLISHED IN JoVE

Neuroscience

Electrode Positioning and Montage in Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation

Alexandre F. DaSilva¹, Magdalena Sarah Volz^2,3, Marom Bikson⁴, Felipe Fregni²

¹Headache & Orofacial Pain Effort (H.O.P.E.), Biologic & Material Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan , ²Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, ³Charité, University Medicine Berlin, ⁴Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is an established technique to modulate cortical excitability^1,2. It has been used as an investigative tool in neuroscience due to its effects on cortical plasticity, easy operation, and safe profile. One area that tDCS has been showing encouraging results is pain alleviation ^3-5.

Medicine

Technique and Considerations in the Use of 4x1 Ring High-definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (HD-tDCS)

Mauricio F. Villamar^1,2, Magdalena Sarah Volz^1,3, Marom Bikson⁴, Abhishek Datta^1,4, Alexandre F. DaSilva^*5, Felipe Fregni^*1

¹Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, ²School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Ecuador, ³Charité University Medicine Berlin, ⁴The City College of The City University of New York, ⁵Headache & Orofacial Pain Effort (H.O.P.E.), Biologic & Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan

High-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS), with its 4x1-ring montage, is a noninvasive brain stimulation technique that combines both the neuromodulatory effects of conventional tDCS with increased focality. This article provides a systematic demonstration of the use of 4x1 HD-tDCS, and the considerations needed for safe and effective stimulation.