Pré-operatório <ol><li> Rato destinatário e células do doador </li><li> Plataforma operacional com rosca de fita e sutura </li><li> Seringa 1cc </li><li> Agulha de 23G </li><li> Anestésico: Avertin 25 mg / ml (alternativamente quetamina 9 mg / ml e xilazina 1 mg / ml) </li><li> Máquina de cortar cabelo com lâmina # 40 </li><li> Luvas estéreis </li><li> Compressas com álcool </li><li> Iodo </li><li> Esterilizados instrumentos cirúrgicos </li><li> Fio de sutura </li><li> Cateter 22G </li><li> 200 ul pipeta (estéril) </li><li> Ponteiras esterilizadas </li><li> Pomada antibiótica cola </li><li> Sharpie container </li></ol> Operativo Técnicas assépticas são utilizados em todo este procedimento. <ol><li> Pesar mouse. </li><li> Injeção intraperitoneal de anestésicos (250 mg / kg Avertin ou, alternativamente, ketamina 90 mg / kg e xilazina 10 mg / kg) em doses suficientes para permitir a respiração espontânea, mas fornecem concentração-cirúrgico de anestesia. Para a cirurgia para começar o aperto do dedo do pé foi usada como um indicador de dor profunda sem resposta do animal anestesiado. </li><li> Lay mouse com incisivos dobrada em fio de sutura e cauda de fita para estabilizar. </li><li> Cabelo clip utilizando uma lâmina # 40 clipper. </li><li> Luvas de mudança (continuar com luvas estéreis). </li><li> Desinfectar com álcool duas vezes antes de incisão na pele. </li><li> Esterilizar área com um iodophore. </li><li> Utilizando instrumentos esterilizados fazer uma pequena incisão (&lt;1 cm) paralela à traquéia. </li><li> Cuidadosamente separado do tecido de cartilagem. </li><li> Um empate é inserido debaixo da traquéia. </li><li> Suavemente para cima e levantar tie inserir a agulha em traquéia exposta. </li><li> Remova a agulha e introduza o tubo suavemente, mas rapidamente, até sentir uma ligeira resistência. </li><li> Células pipeta (até 50 microlitros volume) diretamente no cateter. </li><li> Remover imediatamente tubo e gravata enquanto rato libertar aparato operacional. </li><li> Se for necessário segurar delicadamente o rato na vertical (vertical) pelo apego suas patas anteriores e mover-se delicadamente. </li><li> Fechar a ferida com uma sutura ou cola de antibióticos. </li></ol> Pós-operatório <ol><li> Mantenha mouse quente. </li><li> Buprenorfina (0,05 mg / kg) deve ser administrado como analgesia pós-operatória a cada 12 horas durante as primeiras 24 horas após este procedimento. </li></ol><img src="/files/ftp_upload/old/163_2008_7_15_4/163_figure-1.png" alt="Figura 1" width="587" height="531" />

<table><tbody><tr><td>23 G needle</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1 cc syringe</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>22 G catheter</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>suture thread</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>antibiotic glue ointment</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Anesthetic</td><td></td><td></td><td>Avertin 25 mg/mL. Alternatively ketamine 9 mg/mL and xylazin 1 mg/ml.</td></tr></tbody></table>

tracheotomy: a method for transplantation of stem cells to the lung

Doença pulmonar é a principal causa de morte e provavelmente se tornará uma epidemia dado aumentos na poluição e no mundo de fumar. Avanços na terapia de células-tronco podem aliviar muitos dos sintomas associados à doença pulmonar e induzem a reparação alveolar em adultos. Concomitante com a busca contínua de células-tronco aplicável ao tratamento humano, a entrega precisa e homing (para o local da doença) deve ser assegurado para a terapia bem sucedida. Aqui, eu relatar que as células-tronco pode seguramente ser instilado através da traquéia abrindo uma rota non-stop para o pulmão. Este método envolve uma incisão na pele, inserção caudal de uma cânula para dentro e ao longo da luz traqueal, ea injeção de uma mistura de veículos com células-tronco em vias aéreas do pulmão. Uma ampla gama de soluções de mídia e estabilizadores pode ser incutido por meio de traqueotomia, resultando na capacidade de oferecer uma ampla gama de tipos de células. Com o epitélio alveolar confinando essas células para o lúmen, expansão pulmonar e pressão negativa durante a inalação também pode ajudar na integração de células-tronco. Entrega traqueal de células-tronco, com uma absorção rápida ea habilidade de lidar com uma grande variedade de tratamentos, poderia acelerar o desenvolvimento de terapias baseadas em células, abrindo novos caminhos para o tratamento de doença pulmonar.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Tracheotomy: A Method for Transplantation of Stem Cells to the Lung at JoVE.com

Tracheotomy: A Method for Transplantation of Stem Cells to the Lung

Avanços significativos na identificação de células-tronco estão sendo continuamente feitos. Para traduzir estas descobertas, no entanto, novos métodos para a entrega de celular devem ser concebidos. Aqui eu relato que as vias aéreas proporcionar uma rota segura para o transplante de células-tronco para os pulmões.

Traqueotomia: Um Método para Transplante de Células-Tronco para o pulmão

Lung disease is a leading cause of death and likely to become an epidemic given increases in pollution and smoking worldwide. Advances in stem cell ...

tracheotomy-a-method-for-transplantation-of-stem-cells-to-the-lung

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

11.7K visualizações.  Harvard Medical School. Aseptic techniques are used th

Vídeo: Tracheotomy: A Method for Transplantation of Stem Cells to the Lung

Orthotopic Transplantation of Syngeneic Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells to Study PD-L1 Expression

The use of mouse models is indispensable for studying the pathophysiology of various diseases. With respect to lung cancer, several models are available, including genetically engineered models as well as transplantation models. However, genetically engineered mouse models are time-consuming and expensive, whereas some orthotopic transplantation models are difficult to reproduce. Here, a non-invasive intratracheal delivery method of lung tumor cells as an alternative orthotopic transplantation model is described. The use of mouse lung adenocarcinoma cells and syngeneic graft recipients allows studying tumorigenesis under the presence of a fully active immune system. Furthermore, genetic manipulations of tumor cells before transplantation makes this model an attractive time-saving approach to study the impact of genetic factors on tumor growth and tumor cell gene expression profiles under physiological conditions. Using this model, we show that lung adenocarcinoma cells express increased levels of the T-cell suppressor programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) when grown in their natural environment as compared to cultivation in vitro.

Here we describe a minimally invasive syngeneic orthotopic transplantation model of mouse lung adenocarcinoma cells as a time- and cost-reducing model to study non-small cell lung cancer.

Ortotópico transplante de células de Adenocarcinoma de pulmão Syngeneic para estudar a expressão de PD-L1

The use of mouse models is indispensable for studying the pathophysiology of various diseases. With respect to lung cancer, several models are available, ...

Pesquisa do câncer

Development of Obliterative Bronchiolitis in a Murine Model of Orthotopic Lung Transplantation

Orthotopic lung transplantation in rats was first reported by Asimacopoulos and colleagues in 1971 1. Currently, this method is well accepted and standardized not only for the study of allo-rejection but also between syngeneic strains for examining mechanisms of ischemia-reperfusion injury after lung transplantation. Although the application of the rat and other large animal model 2 contributed significantly to the elucidation of these studies, the scope of those investigations is limited by the scarcity of knockout and transgenic rats. Due to no effective therapies for obliterative bronchiolitis, the leading cause of death in lung transplant patients, there has been an intensive search for pre-clinical models that replicate obliterative bronchiolitis. The tracheal allograft model is the most widely used and may reproduce some of the histopathologic features of obliterative bronchiolitis 3. However, the lack of an intact vasculature with no connection to the recipient's conducting airways, and incomplete pathologic features of obliterative bronchiolitis limit the utility of this model 4. Unlike transplantation of other solid organs, vascularized mouse lung transplants have only recently been reported by Okazaki and colleagues for the first time in 2007 5. Applying the basic principles of the rat lung transplant, our lab initiated the obliterative bronchiolitis model using minor histoincompatible antigen murine orthotopic single-left lung transplants which allows the further study of obliterative bronchiolitis immunopathogenesis6.

Obliterative bronchiolitis is the key impediment to the long-term survival of lung transplant recipients and the lack of a robust preclinical model precludes examining obliterative bronchiolitis immunopathogenesis. Unlike other solid organ transplants, vascularized mouse lung transplantation has only recently been developed. Here we show our independently developed obliterative bronchiolitis model after murine orthotopic single-lung transplantation.

Desenvolvimento de bronquiolite obliterante em um modelo murino de transplante de pulmão ortotópico

Orthotopic lung transplantation in rats was first reported by Asimacopoulos and colleagues in 1971 1. Currently, this method is well accepted and ...

Medicina

Heterotopic and Orthotopic Tracheal Transplantation in Mice used as Models to Study the Development of  Obliterative Airway Disease

Obliterative airway disease (OAD) is the major complication after lung transplantations that limits long term survival (1-7).
To study the pathophysiology, treatment and prevention of OAD, different animal models of tracheal transplantation in rodents have been developed (1-7). Here, we use two established models of trachea transplantation, the heterotopic and orthotopic model and demonstrate their advantages and limitations.
For the heterotopic model, the donor trachea is wrapped into the greater omentum of the recipient, whereas the donor trachea is anastomosed by end-to-end anastomosis in the orthotopic model.
In both models, the development of obliterative lesions histological similar to clinical OAD has been demonstrated (1-7).
This video shows how to perform both, the heterotopic as well as the orthotopic tracheal transplantation technique in mice, and compares the time course of OAD development in both models using histology.

This video shows and compares two experimental models to study the development of obliterative airway disease (OAD) in mice, the heterotopic and orthotopic tracheal transplantation model.

Heterotópico e Transplante ortotópico traqueal em ratos usados ​​como modelos para estudar o desenvolvimento de doenças das vias aéreas obliterante

Obliterative airway disease (OAD) is the major complication after lung transplantations that limits long term survival (1-7).
To study the ...

Biologia

Seeding and Implantation of a Biosynthetic Tissue-engineered Tracheal Graft in a Mouse Model

Treatment options for congenital or secondary long segment tracheal defects have historically been limited due to an inability to replace functional tissue. Tissue engineering holds great promise as a potential solution with its ability to integrate cells and signaling molecules into a 3-dimensional scaffold. Recent work with tissue engineered tracheal grafts (TETGs) has seen some success but their translation has been limited by graft stenosis, graft collapse, and delayed epithelialization. In order to investigate the mechanisms driving these issues, we have developed a mouse model for tissue engineered tracheal graft implantation. TETGs were constructed using electrospun polymers polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyurethane (PU) in a mixture of PET and PU (20:80 percent weight). Scaffolds were then seeded using bone marrow mononuclear cells isolated from 6-8 week-old C57BL/6 mice by gradient centrifugation. Ten million cells per graft were seeded onto the lumen of the scaffold and allowed to incubate overnight before implantation between the third and seventh tracheal rings. These grafts were able to recapitulate the findings of stenosis and delayed epithelialization as demonstrated by histological analysis and lack of Keratin 5 and Keratin 14 basal epithelial cells on immunofluorescence. This model will serve as a tool for investigating cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in host remodeling.

Graft stenosis poses a critical obstacle in tissue engineered airway replacement. To investigate cellular mechanisms underlying stenosis, we utilize a murine model of tissue engineered tracheal replacement with seeded bone marrow mononuclear cells (BM-MNC). Here, we detail our protocol, including scaffold manufacturing, BM-MNC isolation, graft seeding, and implantation.

A propagação e a implantação de um enxerto traqueal biossintética engenharia de tecido em um modelo do rato

Treatment options for congenital or secondary long segment tracheal defects have historically been limited due to an inability to replace functional ...

Bioengenharia

Isolation of Basal Cells and Submucosal Gland Duct Cells from Mouse Trachea

The large airways are directly in contact with the environment and therefore susceptible to injury from toxins and infectious agents that we breath in 1. The large airways therefore require an efficient repair mechanism to protect our bodies. This repair process occurs from stem cells in the airways and isolating these stem cells from the airways is important for understanding the mechanisms of repair and regeneration. It is also important for understanding abnormal repair that can lead to airway diseases 2. The goal of this method is to isolate a novel stem cell population from the mouse tracheal submucosal gland ducts and to place these cells in in vitro and in vivo model systems to identify the mechanisms of repair and regeneration of the submucosal glands 3. This production shows methods that can be used to isolate and assay the duct and basal stem cells from the large airways 3.This will allow us to study diseases of the airway, such as cystic fibrosis, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Currently, there are no methods for isolation of submucosal gland duct cells and there are no in vivo models to study the regeneration of submucosal glands.

Here we demonstrate our protocol for isolation of basal and submucosal gland duct cells from mouse tracheas. We also demonstrate the method of injecting stem cells into the dorsal mouse fat pad to create an in vivo model of submucosal gland regeneration.

Isolamento de células basais e células Duct submucosa Glândulas de Rato Traquéia

The large airways are directly in contact with the environment and therefore susceptible to injury from toxins and infectious agents that we breath in 1. ...

Intratracheal Instillation of Stem Cells in Term Neonatal Rats

Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of oxygen leads to inflammation and acute lung injury, which is similar to human bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). In premature infants, BPD is a major complication despite early use of surfactant therapy, optimal ventilation strategies, and noninvasive positive pressure ventilation. Because pulmonary inflammation plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of BPD, corticosteroid use is one potential treatment to prevent it. Nevertheless, systemic corticosteroid treatment is not usually recommended for preterm infants due to long-term adverse effects. Preclinical studies and human phase I clinical trials demonstrated that use of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in hyperoxia-induced lung injuries and in preterm infants is safe and feasible. Intratracheal and intravenous MSC transplantation has been shown to protect against neonatal hyperoxic lung injury. Therefore, intratracheal administration of stem cells and combined surfactant and glucocorticoid treatment has emerged as a new strategy to treat newborns with respiratory disorders. The developmental stage of rat lungs at birth is equivalent to that in human lungs at 26&#8722;28 week of gestation. Hence, newborn rats are appropriate for studying intratracheal administration to preterm infants with respiratory distress to evaluate its efficacy. This intratracheal instillation technique is a clinically viable option for delivery of stem cells and drugs into the lungs.

Described is a protocol for performing intratracheal transplantation of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) through intratracheal injection in term neonatal rats. This technique is a clinically viable option for delivery of stem cells and drugs into neonatal rat lungs to evaluate their efficacy.

Instilação intratraqueal de células-tronco em ratos neonatais de termo

Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of oxygen leads to inflammation and acute lung injury, which is similar to human bronchopulmonary dysplasia ...

Transplantation of Bioengineered Lung Using Decellularized Mouse Lungs and Primary Human Endothelial Cells

Lung transplantation is a critical treatment for patients with end-stage lung diseases like idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, but challenges such as donor shortages and posttransplant complications persist. Bioengineered lungs, integrating patient-specific cells into decellularized animal scaffolds, present a promising alternative. Despite progress in using bioengineered lungs in animal models, functionality and structure remain immature. This protocol addresses a critical barrier in organ bioengineering: the need for a cost-effective experimental platform. By using mouse models instead of larger animals like rats or swine, researchers can significantly reduce the resources required for each experiment, accelerating research progress. 
The protocol outlines a detailed procedure for lung bioengineering using mouse heart-lung blocks and human primary cells, focusing on isolation strategy for the mouse heart-lung block, decellularization, bioreactor setup, perfusion-based organ culture, and orthotopic transplantation of bioengineered lungs. This mouse-scale platform not only reduces experimental costs but also provides a viable framework for optimizing cell types and numbers for recellularization, testing different cell types using histological and molecular methods, and ensuring blood flow post-transplantation. The method holds potential for broad applications, including studying cell interactions in three-dimensional culture conditions, cell-matrix interactions, and ex vivo cancer modeling, thereby advancing the field of organ bioengineering.

This paper describes how to create bioengineered mouse lungs using decellularization and recellularization methods. It also details subsequent orthotopic lung transplantation.

Transplante de Pulmão de Bioengenharia Usando Pulmões de Camundongos Descelularizados e Células Endoteliais Humanas Primárias

Lung transplantation is a critical treatment for patients with end-stage lung diseases like idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, but challenges such as donor ...

A Minimally Invasive Method for Intratracheal Instillation of Drugs in Neonatal Rodents to Treat Lung Disease

Treatment of neonatal rodent with drugs instilled directly into the trachea could serve as a valuable tool to study the impact of a locally administered drug. This has direct translational impact because surfactant and drugs are administered locally into the lungs. Though the literature has many publications describing minimally invasive transoral intubation of adult mice and rats in therapeutic experiments, this approach in neonatal rat pups is lacking. The small size of orotracheal region/pharynx in the pups makes visualization of laryngeal lumen (vocal cords) difficult, contributing to the variable success rate of intratracheal drug delivery. We hereby demonstrate effective oral intubation of neonatal rat pup - a technique that is non-traumatic and minimally-invasive, so that it can be used for serial administration of drugs. We used an operating otoscope with an illumination system and a magnifying lens to visualize the tracheal opening of the rat neonates. The drug is then instilled using a 1 mL syringe connected to a pipette tip. The accuracy of the delivery method was demonstrated using Evans blue dye administration. This method is easy to get trained in and could serve as an effective way to instill drugs into trachea. This method could also be used for administration of inoculum or agents to simulate disease conditions in animals and, also, for cell-based treatment strategies for various lung diseases.

This technique of instilling drugs directly into the trachea of neonatal rodents is important in studying the impact of locally administered drugs or biologicals on neonatal lung diseases. Additionally, this method can also be used for inducing lung injury in animal models.

Um método minimamente invasivo para a instilação intratraqueal de drogas em roedores neonatais para tratar doenças pulmonares

Treatment of neonatal rodent with drugs instilled directly into the trachea could serve as a valuable tool to study the impact of a locally administered ...

Explorando a doença obliterativa das vias aéreas em transplantes de pulmão

Murine Intrapulmonary Tracheal Transplantation: A Model for Investigating Obliterative Airway Disease After Lung Transplantation

Murine intrapulmonary tracheal transplantation (IPTT) is used as a model of obliterative airway disease (OAD) following lung transplantation. Initially reported by our team, this model has gained use in the study of OAD due to its high technical reproducibility and suitability for investigating immunological behaviors and therapeutic interventions.
In the IPTT model, a rodent tracheal graft is directly inserted into the recipient's lung through the pleura. This model is distinct from the heterotopic tracheal transplantation (HTT) model, wherein grafts are transplanted into subcutaneous or omental sites, and from the orthotopic tracheal transplantation (OTT) model in which the donor trachea replaces the recipient's trachea. 
Successful implementation of the IPTT model requires advanced anesthetic and surgical skills. Anesthetic skills include endotracheal intubation of the recipient, setting appropriate ventilatory parameters, and appropriately timed extubation after recovery from anesthesia. Surgical skills are essential for precise graft placement within the lung and for ensuring effective sealing of the visceral pleura to prevent air leakage and bleeding. In general, the learning process takes approximately 2 months.
In contrast to the HTT and OTT models, in the IPTT model, the allograft airway develops airway obliteration in the relevant lung microenvironment. This allows investigators to study lung-specific immunological and angiogenic processes involved in airway obliteration after lung transplantation. Furthermore, this model is also unique in that it exhibits tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs), which are also seen in human lung allografts. TLOs are comprised of T and B cell populations and characterized by the presence of high endothelial venules that direct immune cell recruitment; therefore, they are likely to play a crucial role in graft acceptance and rejection. We conclude that the IPTT model is a useful tool for studying intrapulmonary immune and profibrotic pathways involved in the development of airway obliteration in the lung transplant allograft.

Autor em destaque: investigando os principais fatores da bronquiolite obliterativa após transplante de pulmão

The murine intrapulmonary tracheal transplantation (IPTT) model is valuable for studying obliterative airway disease (OAD) after lung transplantation. It offers insights into lung-specific immunological and angiogenic behavior in airway obliteration after allotransplantation with high reproducibility. Here, we describe the IPTT procedure and its expected results.

Transplante de Traqueia Intrapulmonar Purino: Modelo para Investigação de Doença Obliterativa das Vias Aéreas Após Transplante Pulmonar

Murine intrapulmonary tracheal transplantation (IPTT) is used as a model of obliterative airway disease (OAD) following lung transplantation. Initially ...

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