Name: characterization of the isolated, ventilated, and instrumented mouse lung perfused with pulsatile flow
Uploaded: 2011-04-29T17:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Characterization of the Isolated, Ventilated, and Instrumented Mouse Lung Perfused with Pulsatile Flow at JoVE.com

This research was supported by the National Institutes of Health grant R01HL086939 (NCC).

In this protocol we demonstrate an isolated, ventilated, perfused mouse lung preparation that has previously been used to quantify the impact of pulmonary emboli and chronic hypoxia on pulsatile pulmonary vascular pressure-flow relationships (Tuchscherer, Webster, &amp; Chesler, 2006; Tuchscherer et al., 2007). In brief, the mouse lungs are surgically isolated from surrounding tissues, placed in a heated chamber (IL-1; Harvard Apparatus, Holliston, MA) and ventilated (Ventilatory Control Module (VCM)-R with timer counter...

<ol>
	<li>Pace, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sympathetic+control+of+pulmonary+vascular+impedance+in+anesthetized+dogs.">Sympathetic control of pulmonary vascular impedance in anesthetized dogs.</a> Circ Res. 29, 555-568 (1971).</li><li>Ewalenko, P., Stefanidis, C., Holoye, A., Brimioulle, S., Naeije, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pulmonary+vascular+impedance+vs.+resistance+in+hypoxic+and+hyperoxic+dogs:+effects+of+propofol+and+isoflurane.">Pulmonary vascular impedance vs. resistance in hypoxic and hyperoxic dogs: effects of propofol and isoflurane.</a> J Appl Physiol. 74, 2188-2193 (1993).</li><li>Nichols, W. W., O'Rourke, M. F., Hartley, C., McDonald, D. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> McDonald's blood flow in arteries : theoretical, experimental, and clinical principles. , (2005).</li><li>Tuchscherer, H. A., Webster, E. B., Chesler, N. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pulmonary+Vascular+Resistance+and+Impedance+in+Isolated+Mouse+Lungs:+Effects+of+Pulmonary+Emboli.">Pulmonary Vascular Resistance and Impedance in Isolated Mouse Lungs: Effects of Pulmonary Emboli.</a> Annals of Biomedical Engineering. 34, 660-668 (2006).</li><li>Tuchscherer, H. A., Vanderpool, R. R., Chesler, N. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pulmonary+vascular+remodeling+in+isolated+mouse+lungs:+Effects+on+pulsatile+pressure-flow+relationships.">Pulmonary vascular remodeling in isolated mouse lungs: Effects on pulsatile pressure-flow relationships.</a> Journal of Biomechanics. 40, 993-1001 (2007).</li><li>Vanderpool, R., Naeije, R., Chesler, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Impedance+in+Isolated+Mouse+Lungs+for+the+Determination+of+Site+of+Action+of+Vasoactive+Agents+and+Disease.">Impedance in Isolated Mouse Lungs for the Determination of Site of Action of Vasoactive Agents and Disease.</a> Ann Biomed Eng. , (2010).</li><li>Vanderpool, R., Kim, A., Molthen, R., Chesler, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+acute+rho+kinase+inhibition+on+chronic+hypoxia-induced+changes+in+proximal+and+distal+pulmonary+arterial+structure+and+function.">Effects of acute rho kinase inhibition on chronic hypoxia-induced changes in proximal and distal pulmonary arterial structure and function.</a> Journal of Applied Physiology. , (2010).</li><li>El-Bizri, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Smooth+muscle+protein+22alpha-mediated+patchy+deletion+of+Bmpr1a+impairs+cardiac+contractility+but+protects+against+pulmonary+vascular+remodeling.">Smooth muscle protein 22alpha-mediated patchy deletion of Bmpr1a impairs cardiac contractility but protects against pulmonary vascular remodeling.</a> Circ Res. 102, 380-388 (2008).</li><li>Champion, H., Michelakis, E., Hassoun, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comprehensive+invasive+and+noninvasive+approach+to+the+right+ventricle-pulmonary+circulation+unit:+state+of+the+art+and+clinical+and+research+implications.">Comprehensive invasive and noninvasive approach to the right ventricle-pulmonary circulation unit: state of the art and clinical and research implications.</a> Circulation. 120, 992-1007 (2009).</li><li>Gan, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Noninvasively+assessed+pulmonary+artery+stiffness+predicts+mortality+in+pulmonary+arterial+hypertension.">Noninvasively assessed pulmonary artery stiffness predicts mortality in pulmonary arterial hypertension.</a> Chest. 132, 1906-1912 (2007).</li><li>Mahapatra, S., Nishimura, R., Sorajja, P., Cha, S., McGoon, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Relationship+of+pulmonary+arterial+capacitance+and+mortality+in+idiopathic+pulmonary+arterial+hypertension.">Relationship of pulmonary arterial capacitance and mortality in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension.</a> J Am Coll Cardiol. 47, 799-803 (2006).</li><li>Bogaard, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chronic+pulmonary+artery+pressure+elevation+is+insufficient+to+explain+right+heart+failure.">Chronic pulmonary artery pressure elevation is insufficient to explain right heart failure.</a> Circulation. 120, 1951-1960 (2009).</li></ol>

Critical steps in the surgery
It is critical that care is taken when cutting the rib cage away from the lungs. The lungs must be fully exposed and uninhibited by surrounding tissues during inflation but not damaged during the process of isolation. The use of a flat object like the back end of the forceps can be used to hold the lungs away from the chest wall so that there is a clear path for scissors to cut. Another critical step is the placement of the suture around the pulmonary artery and the...

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">	
		
		<div>
		<table border="1">
		<thead>
		<tr>
		<th>Material Name</th>
		<th>Type</th>
		<th>Company</th>
		<th>Catalogue Number</th>
		<th>Comment</th>
		</tr>
		</thead>
		<tbody>
		
<tr>
<td>1 ml syringe</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Fisher Sci</td>
<td>14-829-10F</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>10 ml syringe</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Fisher Sci</td>
<td>14-823-2A </td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>60 ml syringe</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Fisher Sci</td>
<td>13-689-8 </td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>RPMI with GLN 6/PK</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Fisher Sci</td>
<td>MT10040CV </td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Bottle Top Filters</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Fisher Sci</td>
<td>09-761-57</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Ficoll PM 70</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
<td>F2878-100g</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Heparin</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Y27632</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
<td>Y0503</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Angled Ball Iris scissors</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
<td>14109-09</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Vannas Spring Scissors - 4mm Blades</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
<td>15018-10</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Fine Iris Scissors - straight</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
<td>14106-09</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Dumont #5/45 Forceps</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
<td>11251-35</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Dumont Medical Biology Forceps</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
<td>11254-20</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Lauda E100 ECO-line 003 </td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>VWR</td>
<td>Comparable to Lauda-Brinkmann E-103, 62400-922</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>IL-1 Isolated perfused mouse lung system </td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Harvard Apparatus </td>
<td>739904 </td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Blood Pressure Transducer P75 for PLUGSYS Module</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Harvard Apparatus</td>
<td>730020</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>TS410 Flow Modules</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Transonic </td>
<td>TS410</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>ME 4 PXN Precision PXN Inline Flowsensors</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Transonic</td>
<td>ME 4 PXN</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Cole-Parmer Multi-Syringe Pumps</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Cole-Parmer </td>
<td>EW-74900-20</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Nembutal 50MG/ML 20ML Vial</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Amatheon</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>		</tbody>
		</table>
		</div>

characterization of the isolated, ventilated, and instrumented mouse lung perfused with pulsatile flow

The isolated, ventilated and instrumented mouse lung preparation allows steady and pulsatile pulmonary vascular pressure-flow relationships to be measured with independent control over pulmonary arterial flow rate, flow rate waveform, airway pressure and left atrial pressure. Pulmonary vascular resistance is calculated based on multi-point, steady pressure-flow curves; pulmonary vascular impedance is calculated from pulsatile pressure-flow curves obtained at a range of frequencies. As now recognized clinically, impedance is a superior measure of right ventricular afterload than resistance because it includes the effects of vascular compliance, which are not negligible, especially in the pulmonary circulation. Three important metrics of impedance - the zero hertz impedance Z0, the characteristic impedance ZC, and the index of wave reflection RW - provide insight into distal arterial cross-sectional area available for flow, proximal arterial stiffness and the upstream-downstream impedance mismatch, respectively. All results obtained in isolated, ventilated and perfused lungs are independent of sympathetic nervous system tone, volume status and the effects of anesthesia. We have used this technique to quantify the impact of pulmonary emboli and chronic hypoxia on resistance and impedance, and to differentiate between sites of action (i.e., proximal vs. distal) of vasoactive agents and disease using the pressure dependency of ZC. Furthermore, when these techniques are used with the lungs of genetically engineered strains of mice, the effects of molecular-level defects on pulmonary vascular structure and function can be determined.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Characterization of the Isolated, Ventilated, and Instrumented Mouse Lung Perfused with Pulsatile Flow at JoVE.com

Characterization of the Isolated, Ventilated, and Instrumented Mouse Lung Perfused with Pulsatile Flow

The following protocol outlines the process of isolating, ventilating and instrumenting mouse lungs to measure steady or pulsatile pulmonary vascular pressure-flow relationships in order to quantify the effects of blood flow, airflow, airway changes and vascular changes on right ventricular afterload.

The isolated, ventilated and instrumented mouse lung preparation allows steady and pulsatile pulmonary vascular pressure-flow relationships to be measured ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

Optical Mapping of Langendorff-perfused Rat Hearts

Optical mapping of the cardiac surface with voltage-sensitive fluorescent dyes has become an important tool to investigate electrical excitation in ...

Flow Cytometry Purification of Mouse Meiotic Cells

The heterogeneous nature of cell types in the testis and the absence of meiotic cell culture models have been significant hurdles to the study of the ...

Micro-Mechanical Characterization of Lung Tissue Using Atomic Force Microscopy

Matrix stiffness strongly influences growth, differentiation and function of adherent cells1-3.  On the macro scale the stiffness of tissues and organs ...

Isolation &#38; Characterization of Hoechstlow CD45negative Mouse Lung Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Isolation & Characterization of Hoechstlow CD45negative Mouse Lung Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Tissue resident mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are important regulators of tissue repair or regeneration, fibrosis, inflammation, angiogenesis and tumor ...

Quantifying Single Microvessel Permeability in Isolated Blood-perfused Rat Lung Preparation

The isolated blood-perfused lung preparation is widely used to visualize and define signaling in single microvessels. By coupling this preparation with ...

An Immunofluorescent Method for Characterization of Barrett&#8217;s Esophagus Cells

Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) has an overall survival rate of less than 17% and incidence of EAC has risen dramatically over the past two decades. One ...

Phenotyping Mouse Pulmonary Function In Vivo with the Lung Diffusing Capacity

Phenotyping Mouse Pulmonary Function In Vivo with the Lung Diffusing Capacity

The mouse is now the primary animal used to model a variety of lung diseases. To study the mechanisms that underlie such pathologies, phenotypic methods ...

The Mouse Isolated Perfused Kidney Technique

The mouse isolated perfused kidney (MIPK) is a technique for keeping a mouse kidney under ex vivo conditions perfused and functional for 1 hr. This is a ...

Analysis of Cell Suspensions Isolated from Solid Tissues by Spectral Flow Cytometry

Flow cytometry has been used for the past 40 years to define and analyze the phenotype of lymphoid and other hematopoietic cells. Initially restricted to ...

Measuring Endoreduplication by Flow Cytometry of Isolated Tuber Protoplasts

Endoreduplication, the replication of a cell's nuclear genome without subsequent cytokinesis, yields cells with increased DNA content and is associated ...