Agradecimentos especiais a Cori Sanders em projetos da IROC para a preparação de ilustrações e Kris Reddi na UCLA para a criação de culturas de amostras para as figuras. O financiamento para este projeto foi fornecido pelo HHMI (HHMI Grant No. 52006944).

<ol>
	<li>Barker, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> At the Bench: A Laboratory Navigator. , (1998).</li><li>. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Biosafety in Microbiological And Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL). , (2009).</li><li>Bykowski, T., Stevenson, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Aseptic+Technique.">Aseptic Technique.</a> Current Protocols in Microbiology. Appendix 4, Appendix 4D (2008).</li><li>Cot&#233;, R. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Aseptic+Technique+for+Cell+Culture.">Aseptic Technique for Cell Culture.</a> Current Protocols in Cell Biology. Chapter 1, Unit 1.3 (2001).</li><li>Grimes, S. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+basic+laboratory+manual+for+the+small-scale+production+and+testing+of+I-2+Newcastle+disease+vaccine.">A basic laboratory manual for the small-scale production and testing of I-2 Newcastle disease vaccine.</a> RAP Publication. AC802/E, 12-13 (2002).</li><li>Guzman, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pipetting:+A+Practical+Guide.">Pipetting: A Practical Guide.</a> The American Biology Teacher. 63 (2), 128-131 (2001).</li><li>Jordan, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> RESEARCH: National Genomics Research Initiative Phage Resource Laboratory Manual. , (2008).</li><li>Sambrook, J., Russell, D. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Molecular Cloning - A Laboratory Manual. , 978-087969576 (2001).</li><li>Seidman, L. A., Moore, C. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Basic Laboratory Methods for Biotechnology: Textbook and Laboratory Reference. , (2000).</li><li>. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> PIPETMAN P User's Guide. , (2012).</li></ol>

Não tenho nada para revelar.

A técnica asséptica refere-se a um conjunto de procedimentos de rotina feito para prevenir soluções estéreis e culturas de ser contaminado por microorganismos indesejados no laboratório. Tais técnicas são essenciais para as experiências que requerem células em crescimento. Embora um ambiente de trabalho que é completamente estéril não pode ser alcançado, os procedimentos, tais como desinfecção de superfícies de laboratório, criando um campo esterilizado usando um bico de Bunsen, limitando a exposição de culturas não niveladas e meios de comunicação para o ar, esterilizando materiais, tais como frascos, tubos e pipetas de vidro, e evitar o contato de instrumentos esterilizados com os não-estéreis superfícies reduz a possibilidade de contaminação de soluções e culturas em um experimento. O objetivo é que esses procedimentos de precaução para se tornar uma segunda natureza, o que vem com treino e prática, enquanto trabalhava em um laboratório. Transferências de volume com soluções estéreis e culturas, usando instrumentos como pipetas sorológicas e microfoneropipettors são um de muitos tipos de técnicas de rotina feitas em laboratório. Diferentes aplicações experimentais chamar de instrumentos capazes de transferir volumes distintos, mas precisos e exatos. Pipetas serológicos são utilizados em laboratórios de microbiologia para preparar culturas de células que requerem meios preparações envolvem volumes mililitros, enquanto micropipetas são essenciais para as experiências de biologia molecular que necessitam apenas quantidades microlitros de soluções. Quando uma técnica asséptica é praticado com estes instrumentos, a contaminação é minimizado durante as transferências de volume independentemente da quantidade de líquido ou tipo de experimento. Apesar de não ser discutido neste protocolo, um meio de outros vulgarmente utilizados para prevenir a contaminação é trabalhar dentro de uma câmara de fluxo laminar (Figura 10). Este equipamento é crítico para a cultura de tecidos e para experiências realizadas com microorganismos classificados como BLS-2 ou superior. A capela de fluxo laminar contém um HEPA (alta eficiênciaar filtro de partículas) que remove contaminantes do ar a partir do ar que flui para o capô, evitando ar não filtrado a partir da sala de permeando o espaço de trabalho. Digno de nota, um bico de Bunsen não pode ser utilizado dentro de uma câmara de fluxo laminar porque o calor da chama interrompe o fluxo de ar essencial para a funcionalidade do capuz. Muitas vezes, é útil para verificar a qualidade de sua técnica asséptica ao realizar experimentos. Para confirmar as soluções e meios de cultura não ficam contaminados durante a manipulações experimentais, sempre preparar um controlo negativo. Por exemplo, se a preparação de tubos de caldo para o crescimento de culturas bacterianas, não inocular um tubo deixando apenas meios estéreis. Incubar o meio ao lado dos tubos inoculados em seguida inspeccionar tubo de controlo não inoculado para sinais de contaminação, tais como turbidez de crescimento das células não desejadas não intencionalmente introduzido dentro do tubo. Se o tubo de controlo está contaminado, o tubo experimentalé provável estão contaminados, bem como, a experiência e terá que ser repetido. Estas medidas de precaução deve ser feito com cada experimento.

<table border="1"><tbody><tr><td> Nome do reagente </td><td> Companhia </td><td> Número de catálogo </td><td> Comentários </td></tr><tr><td> Caldo LB </td><td> Difco </td><td> 244620 </td><td> Receita também disponível em referência 6 </td></tr><tr><td colspan="4"> TE Buffer: </td></tr><tr><td> EDTA sal dissódico dihidratado </td><td> Sigma </td><td> E5134 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Trizma-HCl </td><td> Sigma </td><td> T-3253 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> CiDecon </td><td> Decon Laboratories, Inc. </td><td> 8504 </td><td> Desinfetante </td></tr><tr><td> Etanol </td><td> Fisher Scientific </td><td> A406 </td><td> Para utilização como desinfectante, preparar a 70% (v / v) com água destilada </td></tr></tbody></table>

aseptic laboratory techniques: volume transfers with serological pipettes and micropipettors

Os microrganismos estão por toda parte - no ar, solo e corpo humano, bem como em superfícies inanimadas, como bancadas de laboratório e teclados de computador. A onipresença de micróbios cria uma fonte abundante de contaminantes potenciais em um laboratório. Para garantir o sucesso experimental, o número de contaminantes nas superfícies do equipamento e de trabalho deve ser minimizado. Comum entre muitas experiências em microbiologia são técnicas que envolvem a medição e transferência de culturas contendo células bacterianas ou de partículas virais. Para fazê-lo sem entrar em contato com superfícies não-estéreis ou contaminar meios estéreis requer (1) preparar um espaço de trabalho estéril, (2) precisamente definição e precisão de leitura de instrumentos para transferência asséptica de líquidos, e (3) adequadamente manipular instrumentos frascos, garrafas e culturas, tubos dentro de um campo estéril. Aprender esses procedimentos exige treinamento e prática. Na primeira, as acções devem ser lenta, deliberada e controlada com o objetivo de ser para t assépticasechnique para se tornar uma segunda natureza, quando trabalhava no banco. Aqui apresentamos os passos para a medição de volumes por meio de pipetas sorológicas e micropipetas de dentro de um campo estéril criado por um bico de Bunsen. Volumes variar de microlitros (ul) a mililitros (ml), dependendo do instrumento utilizado. Líquidos comummente transferidos incluem caldo estéril ou soluções químicas, bem como culturas de bactérias e stocks de fagos. Seguindo estes procedimentos, o aluno deve ser capaz de: <ul><li> Trabalhar dentro do campo esterilizado criado pela chama do queimador de Bunsen. </li><li> Usar pipetas serológicos sem comprometer a esterilidade do instrumento. </li><li> Aspirar líquidos com pipetas serológicos, precisamente a leitura volumes calibrados através do alinhamento do menisco formado pelo líquido para as marcas de graduação na pipeta. </li><li> Mantenha garrafas de cultura, frascos, tubos e suas respectivas tampas estéreis durante as transferências de líquidos. </li><li> Identificar diferentes aplicações para o plástico contra o vidro pip sorológicoettes. </li><li> Estado limitações de precisão para micropipetas. </li><li> Precisamente e precisa definir volumes de micropipetas. </li><li> Saiba como usar corretamente a primeira parada e segundo em uma micropipeta para aspirar e transferir volumes corretos. </li></ul>

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Aseptic Laboratory Techniques: Volume Transfers with Serological Pipettes and Micropipettors at JoVE.com

Aseptic Laboratory Techniques: Volume Transfers with Serological Pipettes and Micropipettors

Quando se trabalha num laboratório, é imperativo para minimizar fontes de contaminação. A técnica asséptica refere-se a procedimentos que permitem a transferência de culturas e reagentes evitando ao mesmo tempo o contacto com as superfícies não-estéreis. Pipetas serológicos e usar micropipetas são usados ​​para medir os volumes precisos, sem comprometer a esterilidade das soluções utilizadas em experiências.

Assépticas Técnicas de Laboratório: transferências de volume com pipetas sorológicas e micropipetas

Microorganisms are everywhere - in the air, soil, and human body as well as on inanimate surfaces like laboratory benches and computer keyboards. The ...

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161.8K visualizações.  University of California, Los Angeles. Quando se trabalha num laboratório, é imperativo para minimizar fontes de contaminação. A técnica asséptica refere-se a procedimentos que permitem a transferência de culturas e reagentes evitando ao mesmo tempo o contacto com as superfícies não-estéreis. Pipetas serológicos e usar micropipetas são usados ​​para medir os volumes precisos, sem comprometer a esterilidade das soluções utilizadas em experiências.

Vídeo: Aseptic Laboratory Techniques: Volume Transfers with Serological Pipettes and Micropipettors

Microbial Communities in Nature and Laboratory - Interview

Comunidades microbianas na Natureza e Laboratório - Entrevista

Biologia

Making Patch-pipettes and Sharp Electrodes with a Programmable Puller

Glass microelectrodes (also called pipettes) have been a workhorse of electrophysiology for decades. Today, such pipettes are made from glass capillaries using a programmable puller. Such instruments heat the capillary using either a metal filament or a laser and draw out the glass using gravity, a motor or both. Pipettes for patch-clamp recording are formed using only heat and gravity, while sharp electrodes for intracellular recording use a combination of heat, gravity, and a motor. The procedure used to make intracellular recording pipettes is similar to that used to make injection needles for a variety of applications, including cRNA injection into Xenopus oocytes. In general, capillary glass &lt;1.2 mm in diameter is used to make pipettes for patch clamp recording, while narrower glass is used for intracellular recording (outer diameter = 1.0 mm). For each tool, the puller is programmed slightly differently. This video shows how to make both kinds of recording pipettes using pre-established puller programs.

This video shows how to use a programmable puller to make patch pipettes and sharp electrodes for electrophysiology. The same procedure can be used to make a variety of glass tools, including injection needles.

Tornando-Patch pipetas e Eletrodos Sharp com um extrator programável

Glass microelectrodes (also called pipettes) have been a workhorse of electrophysiology for decades.  Today, such pipettes are made from glass capillaries ...

Pressure-polishing Pipettes for Improved Patch-clamp Recording

Pressure-polishing is a method for shaping glass pipettes for patch-clamp recording. We first developed this method for fabricating pipettes suitable for recording from small (&lt;3 m) neuronal cell bodies. The basic principal is similar to glass-blowing and combines air pressure and heat to modify the shape of patch pipettes prepared by a conventional micropipette puller. It can be applied to so-called soft (soda lime) and hard (borosilicate) glasses. Generally speaking, pressure polishing can reduce pipette resistance by 25% without decreasing the diameter of the tip opening (Goodman and Lockery, 2000). It can be applied to virtually any type of glass and requires only the addition of a high-pressure valve and fitting to a microforge. This technique is essential for recording from ultrasmall cells (&lt;5 m) and can also improve single-channel recording by minimizing pipette resistance. The blunt shape is also useful for perforated-patch clamp recording since this tip shape results in a larger membrane bleb available for perforation.

This is a guide to modifying the shape of glass micropipettes. Specifically, by using heat and air pressure the taper is widened without increasing the tip opening, leading to lower pipette resistance. This is critical to obtain low noise recordings of small cells but is useful in many applications.

Pressão polimento Pipetas para Gravação de patch-clamp melhorada

Pressure-polishing is a method for shaping glass pipettes for patch-clamp recording.  We first developed this method for fabricating pipettes suitable for ...

Modeling Biological Membranes with Circuit Boards and Measuring Electrical Signals in Axons: Student Laboratory Exercises

This is a demonstration of how electrical models can be used to characterize biological membranes. This exercise also introduces biophysical terminology used in electrophysiology. The same equipment is used in the membrane model as on live preparations. Some properties of an isolated nerve cord are investigated: nerve action potentials, recruitment of neurons, and responsiveness of the nerve cord to environmental factors.

This is a demonstration of how biological membranes can be understood using electrical models. We also demonstrate procedures for recording action potentials from the ventral nerve cord of the crayfish for student orientated laboratories.

Modelagem de Membranas Biológicas, com placas de circuito e medição de sinais elétricos em Axônios: Exercícios Laboratório Student

This is a demonstration of how electrical models can be used to characterize biological membranes. This exercise also introduces biophysical terminology ...

Aseptic Laboratory Techniques: Plating Methods

Microorganisms are present on all inanimate surfaces creating ubiquitous sources of possible contamination in the laboratory. Experimental success relies on the ability of a scientist to sterilize work surfaces and equipment as well as prevent contact of sterile instruments and solutions with non-sterile surfaces. Here we present the steps for several plating methods routinely used in the laboratory to isolate, propagate, or enumerate microorganisms such as bacteria and phage. All five methods incorporate aseptic technique, or procedures that maintain the sterility of experimental materials. Procedures described include (1) streak-plating bacterial cultures to isolate single colonies, (2) pour-plating and (3) spread-plating to enumerate viable bacterial colonies, (4) soft agar overlays to isolate phage and enumerate plaques, and (5) replica-plating to transfer cells from one plate to another in an identical spatial pattern. These procedures can be performed at the laboratory bench, provided they involve non-pathogenic strains of microorganisms (Biosafety Level 1, BSL-1). If working with BSL-2 organisms, then these manipulations must take place in a biosafety cabinet. Consult the most current edition of the Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL) as well as Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for Infectious Substances to determine the biohazard classification as well as the safety precautions and containment facilities required for the microorganism in question. Bacterial strains and phage stocks can be obtained from research investigators, companies, and collections maintained by particular organizations such as the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). It is recommended that non-pathogenic strains be used when learning the various plating methods. By following the procedures described in this protocol, students should be able to: 
 
&#9679; Perform plating procedures without contaminating media. 
&#9679; Isolate single bacterial colonies by the streak-plating method. 
&#9679; Use pour-plating and spread-plating methods to determine the concentration of bacteria. 
&#9679; Perform soft agar overlays when working with phage. 
&#9679; Transfer bacterial cells from one plate to another using the replica-plating procedure. 
&#9679; Given an experimental task, select the appropriate plating method.

When working with media and reagents used to culture microorganisms, aseptic technique must be practiced to ensure contamination is minimized. A variety of plating methods are routinely used to isolate, propagate, or enumerate bacteria and phage, all of which incorporate procedures that maintain the sterility of experimental materials.

Assépticas Técnicas de Laboratório: Métodos Plating

Microorganisms are present on all inanimate surfaces creating ubiquitous sources of possible contamination in the laboratory. Experimental success relies ...

Reconstruction of 3-Dimensional Histology Volume and its Application to Study Mouse Mammary Glands

Histology volume reconstruction facilitates the study of 3D shape and volume change of an organ at the level of macrostructures made up of cells. It can also be used to investigate and validate novel techniques and algorithms in volumetric medical imaging and therapies. Creating 3D high-resolution atlases of different organs1,2,3 is another application of histology volume reconstruction. This provides a resource for investigating tissue structures and the spatial relationship between various cellular features. We present an image registration approach for histology volume reconstruction, which uses a set of optical blockface images. The reconstructed histology volume represents a reliable shape of the processed specimen with no propagated post-processing registration error. The Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&#38;E) stained sections of two mouse mammary glands were registered to their corresponding blockface images using boundary points extracted from the edges of the specimen in histology and blockface images. The accuracy of the registration was visually evaluated. The alignment of the macrostructures of the mammary glands was also visually assessed at high resolution.
This study delineates the different steps of this image registration pipeline, ranging from excision of the mammary gland through to 3D histology volume reconstruction. While 2D histology images reveal the structural differences between pairs of sections, 3D histology volume provides the ability to visualize the differences in shape and volume of the mammary glands.

We present an image registration approach for 3-dimensional (3D) histology volume reconstruction, which facilitates the study of the changes of an organ at the level of macrostructures made up of cells . Using this approach, we studied the 3D changes between wild-type and Igfbp7-null mammary glands.

Reconstrução de 3-Dimensional Volume Histologia e sua Aplicação para o Estudo de Rato glândulas mamárias

Histology volume reconstruction facilitates the study of 3D shape and volume change of an organ at the level of macrostructures made up of cells. It can ...

Techniques for the Analysis of Extracellular Vesicles Using Flow Cytometry

Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) are small, membrane-derived vesicles found in bodily fluids that are highly involved in cell-cell communication and help regulate a diverse range of biological processes. Analysis of EVs using flow cytometry (FCM) has been notoriously difficult due to their small size and lack of discrete populations positive for markers of interest. Methods for EV analysis, while considerably improved over the last decade, are still a work in progress. Unfortunately, there is no one-size-fits-all protocol, and several aspects must be considered when determining the most appropriate method to use. Presented here are several different techniques for processing EVs and two protocols for analyzing EVs using either individual detection or a bead-based approach. The methods described here will assist with eliminating the antibody aggregates commonly found in commercial preparations, increasing signal&#8211;to-noise ratio, and setting gates in a rational fashion that minimizes detection of background fluorescence. The first protocol uses an individual detection method that is especially well suited for analyzing a high volume of clinical samples, while the second protocol uses a bead-based approach to capture and detect smaller EVs and exosomes.

Many different methods exist for the measurement of extracellular vesicles (EVs) using flow cytometry (FCM). Several aspects should be considered when determining the most appropriate method to use. Two protocols for measuring EVs are presented, using either individual detection or a bead-based approach.

Técnicas de Análise de vesículas extracelulares utilizando citometria de fluxo

Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) are small, membrane-derived vesicles found in bodily fluids that are highly involved in cell-cell communication and help ...

Measuring Pressure Volume Loops in the Mouse

Understanding the causes and progression of heart disease presents a significant challenge to the biomedical community. The genetic flexibility of the mouse provides great potential to explore cardiac function at the molecular level. The mouse&#39;s small size does present some challenges in regards to performing detailed cardiac phenotyping. Miniaturization and other advancements in technology have made many methods of cardiac assessment possible in the mouse. Of these, the simultaneous collection of pressure and volume data provides a detailed picture of cardiac function that is not available through any other modality. Here a detailed procedure for the collection of pressure-volume loop data is described. Included is a discussion of the principles underlying the measurements and the potential sources of error. Anesthetic management and surgical approaches are discussed in great detail as they are both critical to obtaining high quality hemodynamic measurements. The principles of hemodynamic protocol development and relevant aspects of data analysis are also addressed.

This manuscript describes a detailed protocol for the collection of pressure-volume data from the mouse.

Medição do volume Pressão Loops no mouse

Understanding the causes and progression of heart disease presents a significant challenge to the biomedical community. The genetic flexibility of the ...

Techniques to Induce and Quantify Cellular Senescence

In response to cellular stress or damage, proliferating cells can induce a specific program that initiates a state of long-term cell-cycle arrest, termed cellular senescence. Accumulation of senescent cells occurs with organismal aging and through continual culturing in vitro. Senescent cells influence many biological processes, including embryonic development, tissue repair and regeneration, tumor suppression, and aging. Hallmarks of senescent cells include, but are not limited to, increased senescence-associated &#946;-galactosidase activity (SA-&#946;-gal); p16INK4A, p53, and p21 levels; higher levels of DNA damage, including &#947;-H2AX; the formation of Senescence-associated Heterochromatin Foci (SAHF); and the acquisition of a Senescence-associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP), a phenomenon characterized by the secretion of a number of pro-inflammatory cytokines and signaling molecules. Here, we describe protocols for both replicative and DNA damage-induced senescence in cultured cells. In addition, we highlight techniques to monitor the senescent phenotype using several senescence-associated markers, including SA-&#946;-gal, &#947;-H2AX and SAHF staining, and to quantify protein and mRNA levels of cell cycle regulators and SASP factors. These methods can be applied to the assessment of senescence in various models and tissues.

Cellular senescence, the irreversible state of cell-cycle arrest, can be induced by various cellular stresses. Here, we describe protocols to induce cellular senescence and methods to assess markers of senescence.

Técnicas para induzir e quantificar a senescência celular

In response to cellular stress or damage, proliferating cells can induce a specific program that initiates a state of long-term cell-cycle arrest, termed ...

Volume Segmentation and Analysis of Biological Materials Using SuRVoS (Super-region Volume Segmentation) Workbench

Segmentation is the process of isolating specific regions or objects within an imaged volume, so that further study can be undertaken on these areas of interest. When considering the analysis of complex biological systems, the segmentation of three-dimensional image data is a time consuming and labor intensive step. With the increased availability of many imaging modalities and with automated data collection schemes, this poses an increased challenge for the modern experimental biologist to move from data to knowledge. This publication describes the use of SuRVoS Workbench, a program designed to address these issues by providing methods to semi-automatically segment complex biological volumetric data. Three datasets of differing magnification and imaging modalities are presented here, each highlighting different strategies of segmenting with SuRVoS. Phase contrast X-ray tomography (microCT) of the fruiting body of a plant is used to demonstrate segmentation using model training, cryo electron tomography (cryoET) of human platelets is used to demonstrate segmentation using super- and megavoxels, and cryo soft X-ray tomography (cryoSXT) of a mammalian cell line is used to demonstrate the label splitting tools. Strategies and parameters for each datatype are also presented. By blending a selection of semi-automatic processes into a single interactive tool, SuRVoS provides several benefits. Overall time to segment volumetric data is reduced by a factor of five when compared to manual segmentation, a mainstay in many image processing fields. This is a significant savings when full manual segmentation can take weeks of effort. Additionally, subjectivity is addressed through the use of computationally identified boundaries, and splitting complex collections of objects by their calculated properties rather than on a case-by-case basis.

Volume Segmentation and Analysis of Biological Materials Using SuRVoS Super-region Volume Segmentation Workbench

Segmentation of three-dimensional data from many imaging techniques is a major bottleneck in analysis of complex biological systems. Here, we describe the use of SuRVoS Workbench to semi-automatically segment volumetric data at various length-scales using example datasets from cryo-electron tomography, cryo soft X-ray tomography, and phase contrast X-ray tomography techniques.

Volume de segmentação e análise de materiais biológicos, usando a bancada de trabalho de SuRVoS (região super Volume segmentação)

Segmentation is the process of isolating specific regions or objects within an imaged volume, so that further study can be undertaken on these areas of ...