Name: feeding experimentation device (fed): construction and validation of an open-source device for measuring food intake in rodents
Uploaded: 2017-02-21T14:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 9 min 18 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Feeding Experimentation Device FED: Construction and Validation of an Open-source Device for Measuring Food Intake in Rodents at JoVE.com

Este trabalho foi apoiado pelo Programa de Investigação Intramural do National Institutes of Health (NIH), o Instituto Nacional de Diabetes e Doenças Digestivas e Renais (NIDDK). Agradecemos a Seção NIH em Instrumentação e da Biblioteca NIH para obter ajuda com a impressão 3D.

NOTA: Este protocolo é escrito para componentes especificamente indicados na Tabela de Materiais. Enquanto funcionalidade semelhante pode ser conseguido usando outro hardware, FED foi programado para o Pro microcontrolador Arduino (doravante denominado: microcontrolador) e acessórios relacionados. Outros microcontroladores pode funcionar igualmente bem, mas vai exigir que o usuário modificar o código para apoiá-los. análise de dados off-line foi codificada utilizando a linguagem de programação Python. 1. Preparação e Instalação de Software <ol><li> Adquirir componentes eletrônicos necessários para construir FED (ver Tabela 1 andFed Github BoM.xlxs em: https://github.com/KravitzLab/FED/tree/master/doc). NOTA: fornecedores alternativos podem ser utilizados para muitas partes nesta tabela, desde que tenham as especificações equivalentes. </li><li> Imprimir todos os componentes projetados 3D (Figura 1, disponível em: https://github.com/KravitzLab/FED/wiki/3D-Printed-Components). impressoras 3D com 200 micronresolução deve ser capaz de imprimir FED. </li><li> Baixar e instalar a plataforma de ambiente de desenvolvimento integrado (IDE) para programar o microcontrolador. </li><li> Baixar e instalar bibliotecas adicionais para habilitar a funcionalidade do escudo do motor e registrador de dados (disponível em: https://github.com/KravitzLab/fed/tree/master/fed-arduino). </li><li> Adquirir ferramentas necessárias para a montagem (por exemplo, um ferro de solda, pistola de calor, solda, descascadores de fios, alicate de bico, e ambos flat-cabeça e chaves de fenda). </li></ol> 2. solda Componentes Elétricos NOTA: Utilize tubos com contração térmica para proteger todas as juntas soldadas. Antes de conexões de solda, deslize um pedaço de tubo envoltório do psiquiatra (~ 2 cm) tubulação ao redor um dos fios. Depois de soldar a conexão, centralizar a tubulação no ponto de conexão e usar uma pistola de calor para aquecer a retrair a blindagem. <ol><li> Preparando conectores (Figura 2A) <ol><li> Prepare quatro pares de conectores JST de 2 pinos erotular ambos os lados macho e fêmea &quot;A&quot;, &quot;B&quot;, &quot;C&quot; e &quot;D&quot;, respectivamente. Remover o fio vermelho de ambos os lados do conector par &quot;D&quot;. </li><li> Prepare um 3 pinos par de conector JST e rotular ambos os lados masculino e feminino &quot;E&quot;. </li></ol></li><li> Microcontrolador e empilháveis escudos (Figura 2B) <ol><li> Solda cabeçalhos empilháveis ​​fêmeas com encaixes no lado superior do microcontrolador. Clipe de fio salientes cabeçalhos na parte inferior do microcontrolador. </li><li> Solda feminina cabeçalhos empilháveis ​​com soquetes na parte superior do escudo de registro de dados SD. Deixar salientes fios na parte inferior do escudo. </li><li> Solda cabeçalhos do sexo masculino para a blindagem do motor com os pinos salientes a partir do fundo. </li><li> Coloque uma bateria de células de moeda na ranhura do escudo SD para fornecer energia para o módulo de relógio em tempo real. </li></ol></li><li> Botão de alimentação externa (Figura 2C) NOTA: A trava de metal botão has cinco conexões: alimentação, terra, normalmente fechado (NC1), normalmente aberto (NO1) e comum (C1). <ol><li> Soldar o conector de 2 pinos macho &quot;A&quot; para C1 (uso de fio vermelho) e solo (usar fio preto). Térmicos de todas as conexões. </li><li> Soldar o 2 pinos macho conector &quot;B&quot; para + (uso de fio vermelho) e NO1 (use fio preto). Térmicos de todas as conexões. </li></ol></li><li> Photointerrupter (Figura 2D) <ol><li> Photointerrupter solda (a parte preta) a fuga bordo. </li><li> Solde um resistor 4.7K à frente do conselho de fuga. </li><li> Soldar o macho de 3 pinos do conector &quot;E&quot; na parte de trás da placa de fuga: fio vermelho para PWR, fio verde para GND e fio branco à SGL. </li><li> Apare os fios soltos na parte de trás do Photointerrupter sair bordo. </li></ol></li><li> Placa de impulso (Figura 2E) <ol><li> Soldar o 2 pinos conector fêmea &quot;A&quot; para 5V e Terra pinos da placa de impulso. </li><li> Soldar o fio preto da maconector le &quot;D&quot; para o pino GND adicional na placa do impulso. </li></ol></li><li> Cabo de saída BNC (opcional: Figura 2F) <ol><li> Soldar o 2 pinos do conector &quot;C&quot; para os terminais de um cabo BNC (fio vermelho ao pino central, fio preto ao pino de fora). NOTA: Para a montagem, o conector de 2 pinos deve caber através da porca na ficha BNC. Nós usamos um conector menor, ou barbear-se o conector JST com uma lâmina de barbear para torná-lo apto. </li></ol></li><li> Escudo do motor (Figura 2G) <ol><li> Torça os fios vermelho e preto fêmea do conector &quot;B&quot; juntos e solda para V in. </li><li> Soldar o fio preto do conector fêmea &quot;C&quot; para o pino terra ao lado de Aref, eo fio vermelho deste conector para o pino 3. </li><li> Soldar o fio preto do conector fêmea &quot;D&quot; para o pino terra ao lado V in. </li><li> Soldar o fio verde do conector fêmea &quot;E&quot; para o pino terraao lado de 5V, o fio vermelho de este conector para 5V, eo fio branco deste conector para o pino 2. </li></ol></li></ol> 3. Software Carregar <ol><li> Ligue a placa de fuga FTDI para os pinos de programação do microcontrolador, e depois conectar bordo de fuga FTDI ao computador através do cabo micro USB. </li><li> Abra o programa IDE (ambiente de desenvolvimento integrado). </li><li> Seleccione a placa do microcontrolador correta para o carregamento de software através de Ferramentas&gt; menu suspenso Board. </li><li> Selecione ATmega 328 (5V, 16MHz) através do menu Ferramentas&gt; Processor. </li><li> Selecione a porta que o microcontrolador é ligado ao meio de ferramentas&gt; Port&gt; COM # (irá variar dependendo de qual porta está atualmente em uso). </li><li> Clique no botão &quot;upload&quot; para carregar o esboço FED para o conselho (disponível em: https://github.com/KravitzLab/fed/tree/master/fed-arduino). </li></ol> 4. Hardware Assembly <ol><li> Motor de passo e motor escudo (Figuras 1C e 3A e 3B) <ol><li> Fixe o motor de passo 5V para o 3D impresso montagem do motor com dois # 6 x ¼ &quot;parafusos de chapas metálicas (Figuras 1C e 3A). </li><li> Insira o disco de rotação do motor para montagem e empurre para baixo para fixar firmemente ao eixo do motor de passo (Figura 3B). </li><li> Torção no 3D silo alimentos impressas em montagem do motor certificando-se o braço pellet nivelador é sobre o buraco no motor de montagem. </li><li> Torcer em peças ligadas de acima (passos 4.1.1 - 4.1.3) para o topo da base impressa, com o motor de passo posicionado para a parte traseira da base e do orifício posicionado na parte da frente. </li><li> Cortar o conector de 5 pinos de os fios do motor de passo e tiras ~ 2 mm a partir da extremidade de cada fio. </li><li> Conecte os fios de motor de passo para os conectores do bloco de terminais na blindagem do motor: vermelho para o solo, laranja e rosa a uma porta do motor (por exemplo, M1), e azul e amarelo para o outro motor porta (por exemplo, M2). </li></ol></li><li> Botão de energia externa <ol><li> Remova a porca do botão de alimentação e inserir o botão de energia para o buraco no lado direito da base. Seguro botão no lugar com a porca hexagonal. </li></ol></li><li> Photointerrupter (Figura 3C) <ol><li> Coloque o Photointerrupter no seu alojamento impressa em 3D. NOTA: usar uma pistola de calor para aquecer a habitação se o Photointerrupter não assentar em todo o caminho. </li><li> String O macho de 3 pinos do conector &quot;E&quot; do Photointerrupter (PWR, GND, e SGL) através do orifício do meio da frente da base impressa em 3D. </li><li> Fixe a caixa na base FED com dois parafusos 1 &quot;nylon e porcas correspondentes. </li></ol></li><li> Cabo de saída BNC (opcional) <ol><li> Insira o conector BNC no buraco no lado esquerdo da base do FED. Fixe no lugar com a porca. </li><li> Se conector BNC não é usado, Ralo com ficha impressa em 3D. </li&gt; </ol></li><li> Bateria e impulso pensão (Figura 3D) <ol><li> Conectar 3.7 V bateria para o módulo boost conversor DC / DC através do JST conexão de 2 pinos. O LED azul na placa de impulso acenderá se a bateria está carregada. </li></ol></li><li> Placas de montagem dentro da caixa (Figura 3E) <ol><li> Mount microcontrolador interior da base com conexões FTDI de frente para o interruptor de alimentação, usando # 4 x ¼ &quot;parafusos de metal de folha de aço. </li><li> Empilhar escudo do motor e protetor de registro de dados no topo do microcontrolador. </li><li> Parafuso a placa de impulso para o caso, utilizando # 2 x ¼ &quot;parafusos de metal de folha de aço. Mount impulso com o slot micro-SD apontando para baixo. FED pode ser carregada através desta porta sem abrir o caso. </li><li> Ligue os cinco conectores, &quot;A&quot; masculino para &quot;A&quot; feminino &quot;B&quot; masculino para feminino &quot;B&quot;, etc. </li><li> Coloque a bateria dentro da base impressa em 3D e deslizando a tampa traseira estreita. </li&gt; <li> Deslizar sobre a placa de cara impressa em 3D. </li></ol></li></ol> 5. Validação e Aquisição de Dados NOTA: Antes de ligar um sistema FED, assegurar um cartão SD é inserido no escudo SD, caso contrário, FED não vai dispensar pellets. Além disso, certifique-se de jumper de energia no escudo motor (logo acima do bloco de poder) está no lugar. <ol><li> Ligue o sistema FED com a funcionalidade botão de alimentação e dispositivo de teste. <ol><li> Preencha silo de alimentos com 20 pelotas do alimento mg antes de ligar. NOTA: O interruptor de alimentação deve acender, tal como os LEDs no microcontrolador, escudo SD, e escudo motor. Se não houver nenhum sedimento no poço, deve-se dispensar. </li><li> remover manualmente 5 - 10 pelotas do alimento bem e confirmar que a substituição pelotas são dispensados. </li></ol></li><li> Remova o cartão SD e verificar se os dados foram registrados corretamente. Os dados devem ser adquiridos em um valor separados por vírgulas (CSV) que é nomeado de acordo com o vaFILENAME riable no código. </li><li> Coloque unidade FED dentro configuração experimental, alimentação e garantir que a pelota é dispensado para os alimentos também. </li><li> Ao longo de aquisição de dados, verifique alimentados diariamente para verificar se ele está funcionando corretamente, confirmando que a luz LED no interruptor de alimentação está ligada (isto indica que a bateria tem carga suficiente) e um pellet está sentado na comida bem (indica que não existem problemas com a distribuição sedimento). </li><li> Após a aquisição de dados, recuperar cartão SD e arquivo de acesso .csv. NOTA: os scripts de análise para refeições e padrões de alimentação estão disponíveis em: https://github.com/KravitzLab/fed. </li></ol>

<ol>
	<li>Ellacott, K. L., Morton, G. J., Woods, S. C., Tso, P., Schwartz, M. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Assessment+of+feeding+behavior+in+laboratory+mice.">Assessment of feeding behavior in laboratory mice.</a> Cell Metab. 12 (1), 10-17 (2010).</li><li>Betley, J. N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neurons+for+hunger+and+thirst+transmit+a+negative-valence+teaching+signal.">Neurons for hunger and thirst transmit a negative-valence teaching signal.</a> Nature. 521 (7551), 180-185 (2015).</li><li>van den Heuvel, J. K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neuropeptide+Y+activity+in+the+nucleus+accumbens+modulates+feeding+behavior+and+neuronal+activity.">Neuropeptide Y activity in the nucleus accumbens modulates feeding behavior and neuronal activity.</a> Biol Psychiatry. 77 (7), 633-641 (2015).</li><li>Cone, J. J., Roitman, J. D., Roitman, M. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ghrelin+regulates+phasic+dopamine+and+nucleus+accumbens+signaling+evoked+by+food-predictive+stimuli.">Ghrelin regulates phasic dopamine and nucleus accumbens signaling evoked by food-predictive stimuli.</a> J Neurochem. 133 (6), 844-856 (2015).</li><li>Ulman, E. A., Compton, D., Kochanek, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Measuring+food+and+water+intake+in+rats+and+mice.">Measuring food and water intake in rats and mice.</a> ALN Mag. , 17-20 (2008).</li><li>Nguyen, K. P., O'Neal, T. J., Bolonduro, O. A., White, E., Kravitz, A. V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Feeding+Experimentation+Device+(FED):+A+flexible+open-source+device+for+measuring+feeding+behavior.">Feeding Experimentation Device (FED): A flexible open-source device for measuring feeding behavior.</a> J Neurosci Methods. 267, 108-114 (2016).</li><li>Aguiar, P., Mendonca, L., Galhardo, V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=OpenControl:+a+free+opensource+software+for+video+tracking+and+automated+control+of+behavioral+mazes.">OpenControl: a free opensource software for video tracking and automated control of behavioral mazes.</a> J Neurosci Methods. 166 (1), 66-72 (2007).</li><li>Devarakonda, K., Nguyen, K. P., Kravitz, A. V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=ROBucket:+A+low+cost+operant+chamber+based+on+the+Arduino+microcontroller.">ROBucket: A low cost operant chamber based on the Arduino microcontroller.</a> Behav Res Methods. 48 (2), 503-509 (2016).</li><li>Hoffman, A. M., Song, J., Tuttle, E. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=ELOPTA:+a+novel+microcontroller-based+operant+device.">ELOPTA: a novel microcontroller-based operant device.</a> Behav Res Methods. 39 (4), 776-782 (2007).</li><li>Crall, J. D., Gravish, N., Mountcastle, A. M., Combes, S. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=BEEtag:+A+Low-Cost,+Image-Based+Tracking+System+for+the+Study+of+Animal+Behavior+and+Locomotion.">BEEtag: A Low-Cost, Image-Based Tracking System for the Study of Animal Behavior and Locomotion.</a> PLoS One. 10 (9), (2015).</li></ol>

Authors declare no conflict of interests, financial or otherwise.

O dispositivo de alimentação de Experimentação (FED) é um sistema de monitoramento da ingestão alimentar flexível. Aqui, descrevemos instruções detalhadas sobre como fabricar e solução de problemas do dispositivo, incluindo a montagem de 3D hardware impresso, soldagem de componentes elétricos, e upload de esboços para os microcontroladores. Embora seja importante seguir todas as etapas descritas no protocolo com cuidado, há passos críticos que merecem atenção extra em cada seção para garantir um produ...

Com o aumento da obesidade global durante a última parte do século 20, não é renovada atenção sobre os mecanismos subjacentes alimentação 1, 2, 3, 4. Tipicamente, a ingestão de alimentos é pesado manualmente 5, ou com sistemas de alimentação comercialmente disponíveis. sistemas comerciais são excelentes, mas fornecem uma flexibilidade limitada em modificar seus desenhos ou código. Aqui, descrevemos o dispositivo de alimentação Experimentação (FED): um sistema de alimentação de fonte aberta para medir a ingestão de alimentos com resolução temporal fino e mínima interferência humana 6. FED é a pilhas e totalmente contido dentro de uma caixa impressa em 3D que pode caber dentro de gaiolas em rack colónia padrão ou outro equipamento científico. No seu estado estacionário, FED opera em um modo de baixo consumo de energia com um descanso pellet alimentos em sua foOD bem. A presença do pelete é monitorizada através de um feixe de infravermelhos. Quando um rato remove uma pelota, um sensor Photointerrupter envia um sinal para o microcontrolador e o carimbo de tempo é registrado no cartão de bordo Secure Digital (SD). Ao mesmo tempo, uma saída lógica de transístor-transístor (TTL) fornece uma saída em tempo real da recuperação de sedimento. seguindo este evento imediatamente, o motor gira para dispensar uma outra pelota, eo sistema retorna ao seu modo de baixa energia. Devido à sua natureza de código aberto, FED pode ser modificada e melhorada para atender às necessidades específicas de investigação. Por exemplo, o código pode ser facilmente alterada para limitar a alimentação de momentos específicos do dia, ou para parar a distribuição, quando tiver sido atingido um certo número de peletes, sem a necessidade de intervenção humana. Aqui, descrevemos as instruções passo-a-passo para a construção, validação e utilização de FED para medir a ingestão de alimentos em ratos. Nós fornecemos uma lista de todos os componentes para a construção de um sistema. É importante ressaltar que nenhum ex préviaperiência em eletrônica é necessário para construir FED.

<table><tbody><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Electronics&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Adafruit Motor/Stepper/Servo Shield for Arduino v2 Kit - v2.3</td><td>Adafruit</td><td>1438</td><td>Use of other motor shields has not been tested and will require changes to the code</td></tr><tr><td>Adafruit Assembled Data Logging shield for Arduino</td><td>Adafruit</td><td>1141</td><td>Use of other data logging shields has not been tested and will require changes to the code</td></tr><tr><td>PowerBoost 500 Charger</td><td>Adafruit</td><td>1944</td><td>Other voltge regulator boards have not been tested, but should work if they have similar specifications</td></tr><tr><td>FTDI Friend + extras - v1.0</td><td>Adafruit</td><td>284</td><td>Any FTDI-USB connection will work</td></tr><tr><td>Small Reduction Stepper Motor - 5VDC 32-Step 1/16 Gearing</td><td>Adafruit</td><td>858</td><td>Use of other stepper motors has not been tested</td></tr><tr><td>Arduino Pro 328 - 5V/16MHz</td><td>SparkFun</td><td>DEV-10915</td><td>Other Arduino boards should work, although may require changes to the code</td></tr><tr><td>Photo Interrupter - GP1A57HRJ00F</td><td>SparkFun</td><td>SEN-09299</td><td>Other photointerrupters will work, but may require changes to the 3D design</td></tr><tr><td>SparkFun Photo Interrupter Breakout Board - GP1A57HRJ00F</td><td>SparkFun</td><td>BOB-09322</td><td>Other photointerrupters will work, but may require changes to the 3D design</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Connectors, screws, and miscellaneous items&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Shield stacking headers for Arduino (R3 Compatible)</td><td>Adafruit</td><td>85</td><td>Any stacking header that says Arduiono R3 compatible will work</td></tr><tr><td>Multi-Colored Heat Shrink Pack - 3/32&quot; + 1/8&quot; + 3/16&quot;</td><td>Adafruit</td><td>1649</td><td>Any heatshrink will work</td></tr><tr><td>Hook-up Wire Spool Set - 22AWG Solid Core - 6x25ft</td><td>Adafruit</td><td>1311</td><td>Any wire will work</td></tr><tr><td>Lithium Ion Battery Pack - 3.7V 4400 mAh</td><td>Adafruit</td><td>354</td><td>Any 3.7 V Lithium battery with a JST connector will work&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>SD/MicroSD Memory Card (8GB SDHC)</td><td>Adafruit</td><td>1294</td><td>Any SD card will work</td></tr><tr><td>50 Ohm BNC Bulkhead Jack (3/8&quot; D-Hole)</td><td>L-com</td><td>BAC70A</td><td>Any BNC bulkhead will work</td></tr><tr><td>Type 316 Stainless Steel Pan Head Phillips Sheet metal screw, No 6 size, 1/4&quot; Length</td><td>McMaster-Carr</td><td>90184A120</td><td>Any screws of this specification will work</td></tr><tr><td>Type 316 Stainless Steel Pan Head Phillips Sheet metal screw, No 2 size, 1/4&quot; Length</td><td>McMaster-Carr</td><td>91735A102</td><td>Any screws of this specification will work</td></tr><tr><td>Nylon 100 Degree Flat Head Slotted Machine Screw, 4-40 Thread, 1&quot; Length</td><td>McMaster-Carr</td><td>90241A253</td><td>Any screws of this specification will work</td></tr><tr><td>Nylon Hex Nut, 4-40 Thread Size</td><td>McMaster-Carr</td><td>94812A200</td><td>Any nut of this specification will work</td></tr><tr><td>2 Pin JST M F Connector 200 mm 22AWG Wire Cable</td><td>NewEgg</td><td>9SIA27C3FY2876</td><td>Any 2 pin connector will work for this connection</td></tr><tr><td>Metal Pushbutton - Latching (16 mm, Red)</td><td>SparkFun</td><td>COM-11971</td><td>Any push button or switch will work</td></tr><tr><td>Resistor Kit - 1/4 W</td><td>SparkFun</td><td>COM-10969</td><td>Any 1/4 W resistors will work</td></tr></tbody></table>

feeding experimentation device (fed): construction and validation of an open-source device for measuring food intake in rodents

Food intake measurements are essential for many research studies. Here, we provide a detailed description of a novel solution for measuring food intake in mice: the Feeding Experimentation Device (FED). FED is an open-source system that was designed to facilitate flexibility in food intake studies. Due to its compact and battery powered design, FED can be placed within standard home cages or other experimental equipment. Food intake measurements can also be synchronized with other equipment in real-time via FED's transistor-transistor logic (TTL) digital output, or in post-acquisition processing as FED timestamps every event with a real-time clock. When in use, a food pellet sits within FED's food well where it is monitored via an infrared beam. When the pellet is removed by the mouse, FED logs the timestamp onto its internal secure digital (SD) card and dispenses another pellet. FED can run for up to 5 days before it is necessary to charge the battery and refill the pellet hopper, minimizing human interference in data collection. Assembly of FED requires minimal engineering background, and off-the-shelf materials and electronics were prioritized in its construction. We also provide scripts for analysis of food intake and meal patterns. Finally, FED is open-source and all design and construction files are online, to facilitate modifications and improvements by other researchers.

Testes de validação envolvendo o uso de animais foram revistos e aprovados pelo Comitê de Cuidado e Uso do animal no Instituto Nacional de Diabetes e Doenças Digestivas e Renais. Para demonstrar o uso do FED para medir casa alimentação gaiola, fêmea adulta C57BL 6 ratos / (n = 4) foram alojados individualmente com acesso ad libitum à água e ração padrão de laboratório sob um 12/12 h ciclo de luz / escuridão (luzes acesas às 05:00). Depois de um período d...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Feeding Experimentation Device FED: Construction and Validation of an Open-source Device for Measuring Food Intake in Rodents at JoVE.com

Feeding Experimentation Device FED: Construction and Validation of an Open-source Device for Measuring Food Intake in Rodents

Feeding Experimentation Device (FED) is an open-source device for measuring food intake in mice. FED can also synchronize food intake measurements with other techniques via a real-time digital output. Here, we provide a step-by-step tutorial for the construction, validation, and usage of FED.

Alimentando Dispositivo Experimentação (FED): construção e validação de um dispositivo de código aberto para medição Food Intake em roedores

Food intake measurements are essential for many research studies. Here, we provide a detailed description of a novel solution for measuring food intake in ...

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Feeding Experimentation Device (FED): Construction and Validation of an Open-source Device for Measuring Food Intake in Rodents

8.1K visualizações.  National Insttitute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Feeding Experimentation Device (FED) is an open-source device for measuring food intake in mice. FED can also synchronize food intake measurements with other techniques via a real-time digital output. Here, we provide a step-by-step tutorial for the construction, validation, and usage of FED.

Vídeo: Feeding Experimentation Device FED: Construction and Validation of an Open-source Device for Measuring Food Intake in Rodents

A Novel Procedure for Evaluating the Reinforcing Properties of Tastants in Laboratory Rats: Operant Intraoral Self-administration

This paper describes a novel method for studying the bio-behavioral basis of addiction to food. This method combines the surgical component of taste reactivity with the behavioral aspects of operant self-administration of drugs. Under very brief general anaesthesia, rats are implanted with an intraoral (IO) cannula that allows delivery of test solutions directly in the oral cavity. Animals are then tested in operant self-administration chambers whereby they can press a lever to receive IO infusions of test solutions. IO self-administration has several advantages over experimental procedures that involve drinking a solution from a spout&#160;or operant responding for solid pellets or solutions delivered in a receptacle. Here, we show that IO self-administration can be employed to study self-administration of high fructose corn syrup (HFCS). Rats were first tested for self-administration on a progressive ratio (PR) schedule, which assesses the maximum amount of operant behavior that will be emitted for different concentrations of HFCS (i.e.&#160;8%, 25%, and 50%). Following this test, rats self-administered these concentrations on a continuous schedule of reinforcement (i.e.&#160;one infusion for each lever press) for 10 consecutive days (1 session/day; each lasting 3 hr), and then they were retested on the PR schedule. On the continuous reinforcement schedule, rats took fewer infusions of higher concentrations, although the lowest concentration of HFCS (8%) maintained more variable self-administration. Furthermore, the PR tests revealed that 8% had lower reinforcing value than 25% and 50%. These results indicate that IO self-administration can be employed to study acquisition and maintenance of responding for sweet solutions. The sensitivity of the operant response to differences in concentration and schedule of reinforcement makes IO self-administration an ideal procedure to investigate the neurobiology of voluntary intake of sweets.

The current study evaluates a novel procedure for assessing the reinforcing effects of palatable solutions in laboratory rats: intraoral self-administration. To this end, operant responding (i.e.&#160;lever pressing) for intraoral infusions of sweet solutions at different concentrations was measured on continuous and progressive ratios schedules of reinforcement.

Um novo procedimento para avaliar as propriedades de reforço de Tastants em laboratório ratos: Intraoral auto-administração operante

This paper describes a novel method for studying the bio-behavioral basis of addiction to food. This method combines the surgical component of taste ...

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Combining Quantitative Food-intake Assays and Forcibly Activating Neurons to Study Appetite in Drosophila

Food consumption is under the tight control of the brain, which integrates the physiological status, palatability, and nutritional contents of the food, and issues commands to start or stop feeding. Deciphering the processes underlying the decision-making of timely and moderate feeding carries major implications in our understanding of physiological and psychological disorders related to feeding control. Simple, quantitative, and robust methods are required to measure the food ingestion of animals after experimental manipulation, such as forcibly increasing the activities of certain target neurons. Here, we introduced dye-labeling-based feeding assays to facilitate the neurogenetic study of feeding control in adult fruit flies. We review available feeding assays, and then describe our methods step-by-step from setup to analysis, which combine thermogenetic and optogenetic manipulation of neurons controlling feeding motivation with dye-labeled food intake assay. We also discuss the advantages and limitations of our methods, compared with other feeding assays, to help readers choose an appropriate assay.

Combining Quantitative Food-intake Assays and Forcibly Activating Neurons to Study Appetite in Drosophila

Quantitative food-intake assays with dyed food provide a robust and high-throughput means to evaluate feeding motivation. Combining the food consumption assay with thermogenetic and optogenetic screens is a powerful approach to investigate the neural circuits underlying appetite in adult Drosophila melanogaster.

Combinando os ensaios quantitativos de ingestão de alimentos e forçosamente, ativando os neurônios para estudar o apetite em Drosophila

Food consumption is under the tight control of the brain, which integrates the physiological status, palatability, and nutritional contents of the food, ...

Assessing Activity-based Anorexia in Mice

Rodents develop activity-based anorexia (ABA) when exposed to a restricted feeding schedule and allowed free access to a running wheel. These conditions lead to a life-threatening reduction in body weight. However, rodents exposed to only one of these conditions ultimately adapt to re-establish normal body weight. Although increased running coupled with reduction in voluntary food intake appear paradoxical under ABA conditions, ABA behavior is observed across numerous mammalian species. 
The ABA paradigm provides an animal model for anorexia nervosa (AN), an eating disorder with severe dysregulation of appetite-behavior. Subjects are singly housed with free access to a running wheel. Each day, the subject is offered food for a limited amount of time. During the course of the experiment, a subject's body weight decreases from high activity and low caloric intake. The duration of the study varies based on how long food is offered daily, the type of food offered, the strain of mouse, if drugs are being tested, and environmental factors.
A lack of effective pharmacological treatments for AN patients, their low quality of life, high cost of treatment, and their high mortality rate indicate the urgency to further research AN. We provide a basic outline for performing ABA experiments with mice, offering a method to investigate AN-like behavior in order to develop novel therapies. This protocol is optimized for use in Balb/cJ mice, but can easily be manipulated for other strains, providing great flexibility in working with different questions, especially related to genetic factors of ABA.

Mice individually housed with a running wheel while given limited access to food develop reductions in food consumption and increase activity on the running wheel. This experimental phenomenon is called activity-based anorexia. This paradigm provides an experimental tool for studying the neurobiology and behaviors underlying aspects of anorexia nervosa.

Avaliar a Anorexia baseado na atividade em ratos

Rodents develop activity-based anorexia (ABA) when exposed to a restricted feeding schedule and allowed free access to a running wheel. These conditions ...

Concept Development and Use of an Automated Food Intake and Eating Behavior Assessment Method

The vast majority of dietary and eating behavior assessment methods are based on self-reports. They are burdensome and also prone to measurement errors. Recent technological innovations allow for the development of more accurate and precise dietary and eating behavior assessment tools that require less effort for both the user and the researcher. Therefore, a new sensor-based device to assess food intake and eating behavior was developed. The device is a regular dining tray equipped with a video camera and three separate built-in weighing stations. The weighing stations measure the weight of the bowl, plate, and drinking cup continuously over the course of a meal. The video camera positioned to the face records eating behavior characteristics (chews, bites), which are analyzed using artificial intelligence (AI)-based automatic facial expression software. The tray weight and the video data are transported at real-time to a personal computer (PC) using a wireless receiver. The outcomes of interest, such as the amount eaten, eating rate and bite size, can be calculated by subtracting the data of these measures at the timepoints of interest. The information obtained by the current version of the tray can be used for research purposes, an upgraded version of the device would also facilitate the provision of more personalized advice on dietary intake and eating behavior. Contrary to the conventional dietary assessment methods, this dietary assessment device measures food intake directly within a meal and is not dependent on memory or the portion size estimation. Ultimately, this device is therefore suited for daily main meal food intake and eating behavior measures. In the future, this technology based dietary assessment method can be linked to health applications or smart watches to obtain a complete overview of exercise, energy intake, and eating behavior.

This protocol shows and explains a new technology-based dietary assessment method. The method consists of a dining tray with multiple built-in weighing scales and a video camera. The device is unique in the sense that it incorporates automated measures of food and drink intake and eating behavior over the course of a meal.

Desenvolvimento conceitual e uso de um método automatizado de avaliação de consumo de alimentos e comportamento alimentar

The vast majority of dietary and eating behavior assessment methods are based on self-reports. They are burdensome and also prone to measurement errors. ...

Ensaio de alto rendimento para medir a ingestão de alimentos e a expectativa de vida de Caenorhabditis elegans

Quantifying Food Intake in Caenorhabditis elegans by Measuring Bacterial Clearance

Feeding is an essential biological process for an organism&#39;s growth, reproduction, and survival. This assay aims to measure the food intake of Caenorhabditis elegans&#160;(C. elegans), an important parameter when studying the genetics of aging or metabolism. In most species, feeding is determined by measuring the difference between the amount of food provided and the amount left after a given time interval. The method presented here uses the same strategy to determine the feeding of C. elegans. It measures the amount of bacteria, the food source of C. elegans, cleared within 72 h. This method uses 96-well microtiter plates and has allowed the screening of hundreds of drugs for their ability to modulate food intake at a speed and depth not possible in other animal models. The strength of this assay is that it allows to measure feeding and lifespan simultaneously and directly measures the disappearance of food and, thus, is based on the same principles used for other organisms, facilitating species-to-species comparison.

Autor em destaque: Explorando a relação entre lipotoxicidade e ICFEP 

This protocol describes an assay to quantify Caenorhabditis elegans feeding rate based on measuring the clearance of bacteria in liquid culture.

Quantificando a ingestão de alimentos em Caenorhabditis elegans medindo a depuração bacteriana

Feeding is an essential biological process for an organism&#39;s growth, reproduction, and survival. This assay aims to measure the food intake of ...

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>Investigando o transtorno da compulsão alimentar periódica com um modelo de camundongo de acesso a alimentos palatáveis

Intermittent Binge-Intake Model in Mice

Obesity affects one in eight individuals globally. Overeating, especially high-calorie foods, plays a significant role in obesity. Binge eating disorder (BED) is a complex condition caused by a combination of biological, psychological, and social factors. It involves excessive consumption of high-calorie foods in a short period and is often linked to anxiety and cravings.
Here, we present a protocol employing continuous and intermittent access to a new highly palatable food (HPF) -- M&amp;M&#39;s -- to develop a mouse model for investigating binge eating disorder (BED). The HPF, chosen for its high fat and sugar content, represents an optimal food source to study due to its strong palatability, which makes it particularly suited for examining compulsive eating behaviors. Using C57BL/6 mice, we provided continuous or intermittent access to M&amp;M&#39;s while allowing unrestricted access to standard chow and water. By the 8th day, the mice in the intermittent access group exhibited pronounced binge-eating behaviors, which persisted through the 26th day. These mice also consumed significantly more calories -- predominantly from the confectionary -- than those in the continuous access and control groups. The contrast between continuous and intermittent access underscores the critical role of feeding schedules in promoting the overconsumption of palatable foods.
Furthermore, behavioral assessments revealed intermittent access to the HPF-induced anxiety-like behaviors, highlighting the psychological impact of access patterns on both eating behavior and emotional states. By incorporating these two distinct feeding paradigms, this study offers valuable insights into how the availability of highly palatable foods can exacerbate binge-eating tendencies. This model provides a more realistic approach to studying binge-eating behaviors and their metabolic consequences. It highlights the importance of standardized models in biomedical research. Our findings offer insights into the physiological and neural mechanisms underlying BED, which could pave the way for developing effective therapeutic interventions for BED and obesity.

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>Autor em destaque: Modelo de camundongo baseado em M & M acessível para investigar o transtorno da compulsão alimentar periódica - Insights sobre comportamentos al

A binge-eating model was established in mice using intermittent access to M&amp;M's (a highly palatable food made of fat and sugar). Mice with intermittent access to this high-fat, high-sugar food showed stress-like behaviors, increased caloric intake, and a preference for that food over standard chow compared to mice with continuous or no access to the food.

Modelo de ingestão periódica intermitente em camundongos

Obesity affects one in eight individuals globally. Overeating, especially high-calorie foods, plays a significant role in obesity. Binge eating disorder ...

Alimentando Dispositivo Experimentação (FED): construção e validação de um dispositivo de código aberto para medição Food Intake em roedores

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Um novo procedimento para avaliar as propriedades de reforço de Tastants em laboratório ratos: Intraoral auto-administração operante

Combinando os ensaios quantitativos de ingestão de alimentos e forçosamente, ativando os neurônios para estudar o apetite em Drosophila

Avaliar a Anorexia baseado na atividade em ratos

Desenvolvimento conceitual e uso de um método automatizado de avaliação de consumo de alimentos e comportamento alimentar

Quantificando a ingestão de alimentos em Caenorhabditis elegans medindo a depuração bacteriana

Quantificando a ingestão de alimentos em Caenorhabditis elegans medindo a depuração bacteriana

Quantificando a ingestão de alimentos em Caenorhabditis elegans medindo a depuração bacteriana

Modelo de ingestão periódica intermitente em camundongos

Modelo de ingestão periódica intermitente em camundongos

Modelo de ingestão periódica intermitente em camundongos