Os autores gostariam de agradecer ao Sr. Tam Po Leung, o Sr. Wong Chi Kin e do pessoal técnico da Faculdade Science Workshop, Hong Kong Baptist University, por suas habilidades técnicas e conselhos para tornar o protótipo desta wounder.

1. Introdução às Partes do wounder (Figura 1) <ol><li> Prepare o suporte do pino, fixando os pinos ferindo pelo distâncias iguais. Segure as pontas de pipeta e ajustar a altura da ponta, movendo os pinos ferindo ajustáveis ​​para cima e para baixo. </li><li> Montar o guiamento-barra ajustável em diferentes tipos de placas de cultura de 96 poços e garantir que a área da ferida está numa posição fixa. </li><li> Fixe o pino de ferimento ajustável apertando o parafuso de hex. Fixar a barra-guia na posição apertando as tampas sextavados em ambas as extremidades. </li></ol> 2. Definir a largura da caixa Pin (Figura 2) <ol><li> Solte as tampas sextavados com a chave sextavada M5. </li><li> Inserir um número adequado de ajuste anéis de ambos os lados do suporte de pino de modo a que as barras de orientação encaixar perfeitamente com a largura da placa de cultura de 96 poços. NOTA: Corning e placas de Iwaki requer um par de anéis grandes e 1 par de anéis pequenos. Falcon e Nunc plates precisa de 1 par de anéis grandes. </li><li> Aperte o de cabeça hexagonal tampões para fixar a barra de guia. </li></ol> 3. Ajustar as Guias de (Figura 3) <ol><li> Encaixe os pinos ferindo com estéreis de 10 ul pontas de pipeta de plástico. </li><li> Solte as tampas sextavados com a chave sextavada M5. </li><li> Segurar o wounder e mergulhar os pinos ferindo em uma coluna de uma placa de cultura de 96 poços. </li><li> Ajustar a altura das barras de orientação até que todas as pontas quase tocar no fundo dos poços. </li><li> Aperte as tampas sextavados. Certifique-se de que o wounder agora se encaixa perfeitamente sobre a placa de cultura e que os pinos estão bem posicionados no meio dos poços. </li></ol> 4. A calibração dos pinos <ol><li> Segure o wounder perpendicular a uma superfície plana estéril (ou seja, uma placa de Petri) e solte todos os parafusos sextavados com a chave sextavada M3. </li><li> Toque no wounder até que todas as dicas uniformemente toque na superfície estéril plana. &lt;/ Li&gt; <li> Apertar os parafusos sextavados novamente para bloquear os pinos na posição. </li><li> Verifique a regularidade de cada ponta tocando no wounder suavemente na superfície estéril plana. </li></ol> 5. Coçar celular monocamada (Figura 4) <ol><li> Semear as células endoteliais vasculares umbilicais humanas em uma placa de 96 poços de cultura de células revestidas com gelatina a 0,1%. células de cultura em meio 199 suplementado com 20% de soro inactivado por calor fetal de bovino, 1% de penicilina / estreptomicina e 0,09 g / L de heparina. Manter as células numa incubadora humidificada com dióxido de carbono a 5% a 37 ºC durante a noite antes de ser utilizada. As células devem chegar a 100% de confluência antes ferindo. </li><li> Coloque as pontas ferir-se no mais à esquerda (ou o mais à direita) do lado de cada cavidade dentro de uma mesma coluna da placa de cultura. Deslize a wounder para o outro lado do poço; garantir que as pontas são ferindo tocar no fundo do poço. </li><li> Repita a coçar (Passo 5.2) para todas as colunas. </li><li> Depois de ferir, descarte tele meio em cada poço e substituir com compostos de teste de meio fresco contendo. </li></ol> 6. Aquisição de Dados e Análise de Imagem <ol><li> Imagem inteira, o poço com a ferida mecânica sobre a monocamada de células utilizando um microscópio de baixa potência com a câmara digital (por exemplo objectiva 10X) imediatamente após o ferimento (t = 0 h). </li><li> Adicionar os compostos de teste, se desejado e incubar durante o período de tempo desejado. Toda a imagem bem com a área da ferida novamente após o tempo de incubação desejado (t = ÔH). </li><li> Usando imagem software de análise tais como ImageJ ( <a href="https://imagej.nih.gov/ij/">https://imagej.nih.gov/ij/</a> ), medir a área ferido na imagem usando a ferramenta à mão livre. </li><li> Calcula-se a percentagem de fecho de feridas: <img alt="Equação" src="/files/ftp_upload/55411/55411eq1.jpg" /></li></ol>

<ol>
	<li>Friedl, P., Wolf, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tumour-cell+invasion+and+migration:+diversity+and+escape+mechanisms.">Tumour-cell invasion and migration: diversity and escape mechanisms.</a> Nat Rev Cancer. 3 (5), 362-374 (2003).</li><li>Friedl, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Prespecification+and+plasticity:+shifting+mechanisms+of+cell+migration.">Prespecification and plasticity: shifting mechanisms of cell migration.</a> Curr Opin Cell Biol. 16 (1), 14-23 (2004).</li><li>Lampugnani, M. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cell+migration+into+a+wounded+area+in+vitro.">Cell migration into a wounded area in vitro.</a> Methods Mol Biol. 96, 177-182 (1999).</li><li>Sholley, M. M., Gimbrone, M. A., Cotran, R. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cellular+migration+and+replication+in+endothelial+regeneration:+a+study+using+irradiated+endothelial+cultures.">Cellular migration and replication in endothelial regeneration: a study using irradiated endothelial cultures.</a> Lab Invest. 36 (1), 18-25 (1977).</li><li>Gotlieb, A. I., Spector, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Migration+into+an+in+vitro+experimental+wound:+a+comparison+of+porcine+aortic+endothelial+and+smooth+muscle+cells+and+the+effect+of+culture+irradiation.">Migration into an in vitro experimental wound: a comparison of porcine aortic endothelial and smooth muscle cells and the effect of culture irradiation.</a> Am J Pathol. 103 (2), 271-282 (1981).</li><li>Chen, Y. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Single-cell+migration+chip+for+chemotaxis-based+microfluidic+selection+of+heterogeneous+cell+populations.">Single-cell migration chip for chemotaxis-based microfluidic selection of heterogeneous cell populations.</a> Sci Rep. 18 (5), 9980 (2015).</li><li>Yarrow, J. C., Periman, Z. E., Westwood, N. J., Mitchison, T. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+high-throughput+cell+migration+assay+using+scratch+wound+healing,+a+comparsion+of+image-based+readout+methods.">A high-throughput cell migration assay using scratch wound healing, a comparsion of image-based readout methods.</a> BMC Biotechnol. 4, 21 (2004).</li><li>Lauder, H., Frost, E. E., Hiley, C. R., Fan, T. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantification+of+the+repair+process+involved+in+the+repair+of+a+cell+monolayer+using+an+in+vitro+model+of+mechanical+injury.">Quantification of the repair process involved in the repair of a cell monolayer using an in vitro model of mechanical injury.</a> Angiogenesis. 2 (1), 67-80 (1998).</li><li>Yue, P. Y. K., Leung, E. P. Y., Mak, N. K., Wong, R. N. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+simplified+method+for+quantifying+cell+migration/+wound+healing+in+96-well+plates.">A simplified method for quantifying cell migration/ wound healing in 96-well plates.</a> J. Biomol Screen. 15 (4), 427-433 (2010).</li><li>Yue, P. Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Elucidation+of+the+mechanisms+underlying+the+angiogenic+effects+of+ginsenoside+Rg(1)+in+vivo+and+in+vitro.">Elucidation of the mechanisms underlying the angiogenic effects of ginsenoside Rg(1) in vivo and in vitro.</a> Angiogenesis. 8 (3), 205-216 (2005).</li><li>Kwok, H. H., Chan, L. S., Poon, P. Y., Yue, P. Y., Wong, R. N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ginsenoside-Rg1+induces+angiogenesis+by+the+inverse+regulation+of+MET+tyrosine+kinase+receptor+expression+through+miR-23a.">Ginsenoside-Rg1 induces angiogenesis by the inverse regulation of MET tyrosine kinase receptor expression through miR-23a.</a> Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 287 (3), 276-283 (2015).</li></ol>

Os autores declaram que não têm interesses financeiros concorrentes.

Nossa wounder célula tem várias características únicas em resolver os problemas dos ensaios de migração celular tradicionais. A célula wounder mecânica 8-canal é feita de aço inoxidável de alto grau (Aço 304) com uma longa vida útil que pode ser esterilizado em autoclave. Quase todas as marcas comerciais de placas de 96 poços de cultura disponíveis no mercado podem ser usadas com esta wounder célula mecânica por causa da barra de orientação ajustável. O desenho da barra de orientação ajustável tam...

A migração celular desempenha um papel importante nos processos celulares, tais como a embriogénese, neurogénese, a angiogénese, a cura de feridas, a reparação da mucosa,-epiteliais mesenquimais-transições em desenvolvimento normal e uma situação de doença. É um processo complicado que envolve a coordenação de numerosos eventos inter e intra-celulares, incluindo as interacções molécula de sinalização, célula de polarização, a reorganização do citoesqueleto, remodelação da matriz, protrusão membrana e célula-célula dinâmica de modulação da adesão 2. Ao estudar a migração celular, pode ser determinada a descoberta e validação de produtos químicos ou biomoléculas que conduzem a movimentação das células e dos seus percursos bioquímicos relacionados. Este processo fundamental pode ser usado beneficamente como um proxy para diversas aplicações, tais como o tratamento de doença e drogas segmentação. O ensaio ferindo é um dos ensaios de migração de células 3. Aqui, umamostra individual de células irá ser parcialmente removido por meios mecânicos para produzir uma área desnudada onde as células vão migrar para cobrir a área. A percentagem de recuperação em um ponto de tempo em particular irá ser monitorizada. Ao manusear grande número de amostras, questões como o custo experimental e contaminação cruzada dentro de amostras pode ser problemático. Apesar de muitas ferramentas comerciais e ensaios estão disponíveis para estudar a migração de células 4, 5, 6, muitos deles necessários equipamentos caros e sofisticados e melhorias ainda são necessários. Por estas razões, uma célula wounder mecânica de 8 canais (Figura 1) é desenvolvido. O nosso wounder célula mecânica de 8 canais incorporou várias características únicas em resolver os problemas acima mencionados. Ele proporciona a flexibilidade para efectuar a migração de células / ferindo ensaios em formato de placa de cultura de 96 poços. A gu ajustávelbar design Iding assegura que a área de zero é colocada na posição central de cada poço. Além disso, a altura das barras de orientação pode ser ajustada de modo que o wounder é aplicável para vários tipos de placas de cultura. Finalmente, o desenho ferimento pin ajustável permite que um mesmo contato das pontas de pipeta com a superfície da placa de cultura para alcançar simultânea e reprodutível ferimento 7, 8.

<table><tbody><tr><td>96-well cell culture plate</td><td>Nunc</td><td>167008</td><td>Other brands of 96-well cell culture plate can also be used</td></tr><tr><td>P10 pipette tips</td><td>Axygen</td><td>301-03-051</td><td>Short P10 pipette tip is more easy to create a clear wound</td></tr><tr><td>Wounder</td><td>R&amp;amp;P Technology Limited</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Medium 199</td><td>Sigma</td><td>M2520-1L</td><td>For cell culture of human umbilical vein endothelial cells.&lt;br/&gt; Use appropirate culture medium and condition for other type of cells.</td></tr><tr><td>Fetal bovine serum</td><td>Gibco</td><td>26140079</td><td>For cell culture of human umbilical vein endothelial cells.&lt;br/&gt; Use appropirate culture medium and condition for other type of cells.</td></tr><tr><td>Penicillin/Streptomycin</td><td>Gibco</td><td>15140122</td><td>For cell culture of human umbilical vein endothelial cells.&lt;br/&gt; Use appropirate culture medium and condition for other type of cells.</td></tr><tr><td>Heparin sodium salt from porcine intestinal mucosa</td><td>Sigma</td><td>H3393</td><td>For cell culture of human umbilical vein endothelial cells.&lt;br/&gt; Use appropirate culture medium and condition for other type of cells.</td></tr><tr><td>Gelatin from bovine skin</td><td>Sigma</td><td>G9391</td><td>For cell culture of human umbilical vein endothelial cells.&lt;br/&gt; Use appropirate culture medium and condition for other type of cells.</td></tr></tbody></table>

a device for performing cell migration/wound healing in a 96-well plate

A migração de células / ferindo ensaio é um método vulgarmente utilizado para estudar a migração celular e outros processos biológicos, tais como angiogénese e metástase do tumor. Neste ensaio, as células são cultivadas para formar uma monocamada confluente e um ferimento mecânico é criado por raspagem com um dispositivo. Em seguida, a taxa de migração das células em relação à área desnudada pode ser monitorizada por meio de imagens. O nosso wounder mecânica de 8 canais foi concebida para resolver a maior parte dos problemas associados com o ensaio de migração celular. Em primeiro lugar, o nosso wounder pode ser facilmente esterilizados por autoclave ou com desinfectantes comuns. Em segundo lugar, os pinos individuais ajustáveis ​​permitem mesmo contacte com a placa de cultura celular de modo a que as feridas afiadas e reprodutíveis pode ser criado. Em terceiro lugar, as barras de orientadores em ambos os lados da posição de ferimento wounder assegurar consistente em cada poço. O uso de descartáveis ​​de plástico dicas de pipeta para ferindo pode fornecer mais melhor manuseio do wounder, bem como para minimizar cross-de contaminantesíon. Em conclusão, a wounder célula pode proporcionar aos investigadores um dispositivo reprodutível e amigável do utilizador para realizar o ensaio de migração de células usando a placa de cultura de 96-poços padrão.

Este wounder mecânica 8-canal é construído para arranhar uma monocamada de células, a fim de realizar o ensaio de migração celular. É um dispositivo fácil de usar que pode realizar ensaios coçando de células em placas de 96 poços em menos de um minuto, sem treinamento especial. Este wounder pode introduzir áreas feridas em monocamadas de células com uma largura uniforme de cerca de 600 mm e com bordas afiadas (Figuras 5 e 6). A largura das f...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Device for Performing Cell Migration/Wound Healing in a 96-Well Plate at JoVE.com

A Device for Performing Cell Migration/Wound Healing in a 96-Well Plate

Aqui, nós apresentamos um protocolo para realizar um ensaio de migração de células semi-elevado rendimento sobre uma placa de cultura celular de 96 poços. Este protocolo é um método rápido, simples e econômica para criar feridas scratch consistentes sobre a monocamada de células.

Um dispositivo para executar a migração celular / cicatrização de feridas em uma placa de 96 poços

The cell migration/wounding assay is a commonly used method to study cell migration and other biological processes, such as angiogenesis and tumor ...

a-device-for-performing-cell-migrationwound-healing-in-a-96-well-plate

Research

JoVE Journal

Developmental Biology

10.4K visualizações.  Hong Kong Baptist University.  Aqui, nós apresentamos um protocolo para realizar um ensaio de migração de células semi-elevado rendimento sobre uma placa de cultura celular de 96 poços. Este protocolo é um método rápido, simples e econômica para criar feridas scratch consistentes sobre a monocamada de células. 

Vídeo: A Device for Performing Cell Migration/Wound Healing in a 96-Well Plate

Evaluation of the Cell Invasion and Migration Process: A Comparison of the Video Microscope-based Scratch Wound Assay and the Boyden Chamber Assay

The invasion and migration abilities of tumor cells are main contributors to cancer progression and recurrence. Many studies have explored the migration and invasion abilities to understand how cancer cells disseminate, with the aim of developing new treatment strategies. Analysis of the cellular and molecular basis of these abilities has led to the characterization of cell mobility and the physicochemical properties of the cytoskeleton and cellular microenvironment. For many years, the Boyden chamber assay and the scratch wound assay have been the standard techniques to study cell invasion and migration. However, these two techniques have limitations. The Boyden chamber assay is difficult and time consuming, and the scratch wound assay has low reproducibility. Development of modern technologies, especially in microscopy, has increased the reproducibility of the scratch wound assay. Using powerful analysis systems, an &#34;in-incubator&#34; video microscope can be used to provide automatic and real-time analysis of cell migration and invasion. The aim of this paper is to report and compare the two assays used to study cell invasion and migration: the Boyden chamber assay and an optimized in vitro video microscope-based scratch wound assay.

This study reports two different methods for the analysis of cell invasion and migration: the Boyden chamber assay and the in vitro video microscope-based wound-healing assay. The protocols for these two experiments are described, and their benefits and disadvantages are compared.

Avaliação do processo de migração e invasão celular: uma comparação da risque baseado no microscópio a ferida do ensaio e o ensaio de câmara Boyden

The invasion and migration abilities of tumor cells are main contributors to cancer progression and recurrence. Many studies have explored the migration ...

Pesquisa do câncer

Methods to Study Mrp4-containing Macromolecular Complexes in the Regulation of Fibroblast Migration

Multidrug resistance protein 4 (MRP4) is a member of the ATP-binding cassette family of membrane transporters and is an endogenous efflux transporter of cyclic nucleotides. By modulating intracellular cyclic nucleotide concentration, MRP4 can regulate multiple cyclic nucleotide-dependent cellular events including cell migration. Previously, we demonstrated that in the absence of MRP4, fibroblast cells contain higher levels of intracellular cyclic nucleotides and can migrate faster. To understand the underlying mechanisms of this finding, we adopted a direct yet multifaceted approach. First, we isolated potential interacting protein complexes of MRP4 from a MRP4 over-expression cell system using immunoprecipitation followed by mass-spectrometry. After identifying unique proteins in the MRP4 interactome, we utilized Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) to explore the role of these protein-protein interactions in the context of signal transduction. We elucidated the potential role of the MRP4 protein complex in cell migration and identified F-actin as a major mediator of the effect of MRP4 on cell migration. This study also emphasized the role of cAMP and cGMP as key players in the migratory phenomena. Using high-content microscopy, we performed cell-migration assays and observed that the effect of MRP4 on fibroblast migration is completely abolished by disruption of the actin cytoskeleton or inhibition of cAMP-dependent kinase A (PKA). To visualize signaling modulations in a migrating cell in real time, we utilized a FRET-based sensor for measuring PKA activity and found, the presence of more polarized PKA activity near the leading edge of migrating Mrp4-/- fibroblast, compared to Mrp4+/+fibroblasts. This in turn increased cortical actin formation and augmented the process of migration. Our approach enables identification of the proteins acting downstream to MRP4 and provides us with an overview of the mechanism involved in MRP4-dependent regulation of fibroblast migration.

MRP4 regulates various cyclic nucleotide-dependent signaling events including a recently elucidated role in cell migration. We describe a direct, but multifaceted approach to unravel the downstream molecular targets of MRP4 resulting in identification of a unique MRP4 interactome that plays key roles in the fine-tuned regulation of fibroblast migration.

Métodos para estudar MRP4 contendo Complexos Macromoleculares no regulamento de Fibroblasto Migração

Multidrug resistance protein 4 (MRP4) is a member of the ATP-binding cassette family of membrane transporters and is an endogenous efflux transporter of ...

Biologia do Desenvolvimento

A Simple Migration/Invasion Workflow Using an Automated Live-cell Imager

Cancer cell mobility is crucial for the initiation of metastasis. Therefore, investigation of the cell movement and invasive capacity is of great significance. Migration assays provide basic insight of cell movement at a 2D level, whereas invasion assays are more physiologically relevant, mimicking in vivo cancer cell dislodgment from the original site and invading through the extracellular matrix. The current protocol provides a single workflow for migration and invasion assays. Together with the integrated automated microscopic camera for real-time HD images and built-in analysis module, it gives researchers a time-efficient, simple and reproducible experimental option. This protocol also includes substitutions for the consumables and alternative analysis methods for users to choose from.

The current protocol describes an integrated method investigating cancer cell migration and invasion on a single platform in real-time, providing an easily reproducible and time-efficient option to study cell mobility and morphology.

Um fluxo de trabalho simples migração/invasão usando um automatizado Imager viver-pilha

Cancer cell mobility is crucial for the initiation of metastasis. Therefore, investigation of the cell movement and invasive capacity is of great ...

Characterizing Cell Migration Within Three-dimensional In Vitro Wound Environments

Currently, most in vitro models of wound healing, such as well-established scratch assays, involve studying cell migration and wound closure on two-dimensional surfaces. However, the physiological environment in which in vivo wound healing takes place is three-dimensional rather than two-dimensional. It is becoming increasingly clear that cell behavior differs greatly in two-dimensional vs. three-dimensional environments; therefore, there is a need for more physiologically relevant in vitro models for studying cell migration behaviors in wound closure. The method described herein allows for the study of cell migration in a three-dimensional model that better reflects physiological conditions than previously established two-dimensional scratch assays. The purpose of this model is to evaluate cell outgrowth via the examination of cell migration away from a spheroid body embedded within a fibrin matrix in the presence of pro- or anti-migratory factors. Using this method, cell outgrowth from the spheroid body in a three-dimensional matrix can be observed and is easily quantifiable over time via brightfield microscopy and analysis of spheroid body area. The effect of pro-migratory and/or inhibitory factors on cell migration can also be evaluated in this system. This method provides researchers with a simple method of analyzing cell migration in three-dimensional wound associated matrices in vitro, thus increasing the relevance of in vitro cell studies prior to the use of in vivo animal models.

Characterizing Cell Migration Within Three-dimensional In Vitro Wound Environments

The goal of this protocol is to evaluate the effect of pro- and anti-migratory factors on cell migration within a three-dimensional fibrin matrix.

Caracterizando a migração celular no tridimensional em Vitro ferida ambientes

Currently, most in vitro models of wound healing, such as well-established scratch assays, involve studying cell migration and wound closure on ...

Bioengenharia

A Novel In Vitro Wound Healing Assay to Evaluate Cell Migration

The aim of this work is to show a novel method to evaluate the ability of some immunomodulatory molecules, such as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), to stimulate cell migration. Importantly, cell migration is a rate-limiting event during the wound-healing process to re-establish the integrity and normal function of tissue layers after injury. The advantage of this method over the classical assay, which is based on a manually made scratch in a cell monolayer, is the usage of special silicone culture inserts providing two compartments to create a cell-free pseudo-wound field with a well-defined width (500 &#956;m). In addition, due to an automated image analysis platform, it is possible to rapidly obtain quantitative data on the speed of wound closure and cell migration. More precisely, the effect of two frog-skin AMPs on the migration of bronchial epithelial cells will be shown. Furthermore, pretreatment of these cells with specific inhibitors will provide information on the molecular mechanisms underlying such events.

A Novel In Vitro Wound Healing Assay to Evaluate Cell Migration

Here, we present a protocol to evaluate the effect of peptides on the migration of bronchial epithelial cells. This method allows for the rapid and highly reproducible obtainment of quantitative data on the speed of cell migration and wound closure.

Um romance em Vitro ferida cura ensaio para avaliar a migração celular

The aim of this work is to show a novel method to evaluate the ability of some immunomodulatory molecules, such as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), to ...

Imunologia e Infecção

Microscopy Based Methods for the Assessment of Epithelial Cell Migration During In Vitro Wound Healing

Cell migration is a mandatory aspect for wound healing. Creating artificial wounds on research animal models often results in costly and complicated experimental procedures, while potentially lacking in precision. In vitro culture of epithelial cell lines provides a suitable platform for researching the cell migratory behavior in wound healing and the impact of treatments on these cells. The physiology of epithelial cells is often studied in non-confluent conditions; however, this approach may not resemble natural wound healing conditions. Disrupting the epithelium integrity by mechanical means generates a realistic model, but may impede the application of molecular techniques. Consequently, microscopy based techniques are optimal for studying epithelial cell migration in vitro. Here we detail two specific methods, the artificial wound scratch assay and the artificial migration front assay, that can obtain quantitative and qualitative data, respectively, on the migratory performance of epithelial cells.

Microscopy Based Methods for the Assessment of Epithelial Cell Migration During  In Vitro Wound Healing

This manuscript describes how incision-like lesions made on cultured epithelial cell monolayers conveniently model wound healing in vitro, allowing for imaging by confocal or laser scanning microscopy, and which can provide high-quality quantitative and qualitative data for studying both cell behavior and the mechanisms involved in migration.

Microscopia com base em métodos de avaliação da migração de células epiteliais durante a cicatrização em Vitro

Cell migration is a mandatory aspect for wound healing. Creating artificial wounds on research animal models often results in costly and complicated ...

Medicina

In vitro Cell Migration and Invasion Assays

Migration is a key property of live cells and critical for normal development, immune response, and disease processes such as cancer metastasis and inflammation. Methods to examine cell migration are very useful and important for a wide range of biomedical research such as cancer biology, immunology, vascular biology, cell biology and developmental biology. Here we use tumor cell migration and invasion as an example and describe two related assays to illustrate the commonly used, easily accessible methods to measure these processes. The first method is the cell culture wound closure assay in which a scratch is generated on a confluent cell monolayer. The speed of wound closure and cell migration can be quantified by taking snapshot pictures with a regular inverted microscope at several time intervals. More detailed cell migratory behavior can be documented using the time-lapse microscopy system. The second method described in this paper is the transwell cell migration and invasion assay that measures the capacity of cell motility and invasiveness toward a chemo-attractant gradient. It is our goal to describe these methods in a highly accessible manner so that the procedures can be successfully performed in research laboratories even just with basic cell biology setup.

In vitro Cell Migration and Invasion Assays

Commonly used, highly accessible methods for examining cell migration and invasion in vitro are described. The first method is the cell wound closure assay that measures cell motility. The second method is the transwell migration and invasion assay that assesses the chemotactic and invasive capacity of cells.

Na migração celular in vitro e invasão Ensaios

Migration is a key property of live cells and critical for normal development, immune response, and disease processes such as cancer metastasis and ...

Biologia

Scratch Migration Assay and Dorsal Skinfold Chamber for In Vitro and In Vivo Analysis of Wound Healing

Impaired cutaneous wound healing is a major concern for patients suffering from diabetes and for elderly people, and there is a need for an effective treatment. Appropriate in vitro and in vivo approaches are essential for the identification of new target molecules for drug treatments to improve the skin wound healing process. We identified the &#946;3 subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels (Cav&#946;3) as a potential target molecule to influence the wound healing in two independent assays, i.e., the in vitro scratch migration assay and the in vivo dorsal skinfold chamber model. Primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) acutely isolated from wild-type (WT) and Cav&#946;3-deficient mice (Cav&#946;3 KO) or fibroblasts acutely isolated from WT mice treated with siRNA to down-regulate the expression of the Cacnb3 gene, encoding Cav&#946;3, were used. A scratch was applied on a confluent cell monolayer and the gap closure was followed by taking microscopic images at defined time points until complete repopulation of the gap by the migrating cells. These images were analyzed, and the cell migration rate was determined for each condition. In an in vivo assay, we implanted a dorsal skinfold chamber on WT and Cav&#946;3 KO mice, applied a defined circular wound of 2 mm diameter, covered the wound with a glass coverslip to protect it from infections and desiccation, and monitored the macroscopic wound closure over time. Wound closure was significantly faster in Cacnb3-gene-deficient mice. Because the results of the in vivo and the in vitro assays correlate well, the in vitro assay may be useful for the high-throughput screening before validating the in vitro hits by the in vivo wound healing model. What we have shown here for wild-type and Cav&#946;3-deficient mice or cells might also be applicable for specific molecules other than Cav&#946;3.

Here, we present a protocol for an in vitro scratch assay using primary fibroblasts and for an in vivo skin wound healing assay in mice. Both assays are straightforward methods to assess in vitro and in vivo wound healing.

Ensaio de migração de riscos e câmara de dobras cutâneas dorsal para análise in vitro e in vivo da cicatrização de feridas

Impaired cutaneous wound healing is a major concern for patients suffering from diabetes and for elderly people, and there is a need for an effective ...

Quantifying Three-Dimensional Cell Migration Within and Into Granular Hydrogel Biomaterials

Granular hydrogel scaffolds hold significant potential in regenerative medicine, functioning either as carriers for cell delivery or as interfaces for tissue integration. This article introduces two novel approaches for quantifying cell migration within and into granular hydrogels, highlighting the distinct applications of these scaffolds. First, a cell monolayer interface assay that simulates tissue growth into granular hydrogels for integration purposes is presented. Second, a spheroid-based assay is described, designed to track cell movement within the hydrogel matrix, specifically suited for applications involving cell delivery. Both methods enable precise and controlled measurements of cell migration, providing a comprehensive toolkit for researchers utilizing granular hydrogel scaffolds. The motivation for these methods stems from the need for tailored control over cell migration within the scaffold to align with specific applications. By optimizing and standardizing these quantification techniques, researchers can iteratively refine granular hydrogel properties, ensuring their effectiveness in diverse regenerative medicine contexts. This robust set of quantitative tools offers new opportunities to enhance granular hydrogel scaffolds, advancing their use in both cell delivery and tissue integration applications.

A protocol for the quantitative evaluation of 3D cell migration within and into the interface of granular hydrogels is presented here.

Quantificando a migração celular tridimensional dentro e dentro de biomateriais de hidrogel granular

Granular hydrogel scaffolds hold significant potential in regenerative medicine, functioning either as carriers for cell delivery or as interfaces for ...

An Innovative 3D-Printed Insert Designed to Enable Straightforward 2D and 3D Cell Cultures

The classical analyses of indirect communication between different cell types necessitate the use of conditioned media. Moreover, the production of conditioned media remains time-consuming and far from physiological and pathological conditions. Although a few models of co-culture are commercially available, they remain restricted to specific assays and are mostly for two types of cells. 
Here, 3D-printed inserts are used that are compatible with numerous functional assays. The insert allows the separation of one well of a 6-well plate into four compartments. A wide range of combinations can be set. Moreover, windows are designed in each wall of the compartments so that potential intercellular communication between every compartment is possible in the culture medium in a volume-dependent manner. For example, paracrine intercellular communication can be studied between four cell types in monolayer, in 3D (spheroids), or by combining both. In addition, a mix of different cell types can be seeded in the same compartment in 2D or 3D (organoids) format. The absence of a bottom in the 3D-printed inserts allows the usual culture conditions on the plate, possible coating on the plate containing the insert, and direct visualization by optical microscopy. The multiple compartments provide the possibility to collect different cell types independently or to use, in each compartment, different reagents for RNA or protein extraction. In this study, a detailed methodology is provided to use the new 3D-printed insert as a co-culture system. To demonstrate several capacities of this flexible and simple model, previously published functional assays of cell communication were performed in the new 3D-printed inserts and were demonstrated to be reproducible. The 3D-printed inserts and the conventional cell culture using conditioned media led to similar results. In conclusion, the 3D-printed insert is a simple device that can be adapted to numerous models of co-cultures with adherent cell types.

In this paper, a newly designed 3D-printed insert is presented as a model of co-culture and validated through the study of the paracrine intercellular communication between endothelial cells and keratinocytes.

Um inserto inovador impresso em 3D projetado para permitir culturas de células 2D e 3D diretas

The classical analyses of indirect communication between different cell types necessitate the use of conditioned media. Moreover, the production of ...