Yazarlar bu wounder prototipini yapımında Sayın Tam Po Leung, Bay Wong Chi Kin ve teknik becerileri Fen Fakültesi Atölyesi teknik personel, Hong Kong Baptist Üniversitesi ve danışmanlık teşekkür etmek istiyorum.

Wounder parçaları 1. Giriş (Şekil 1) <ol><li> eşit mesafelerde yaralama işaretçilerine sabitleyerek pim tutucu hazırlayın. pipet uçları tutun ve yukarı ve aşağı ayarlanabilir yaralama işaretçilerine hareket ettirerek ucu yüksekliğini ayarlayın. </li><li> 96-kuyu kültür plakaları farklı markalarda ayarlanabilir rehberlik-bar Fit ve yaralama alanı sabit bir pozisyonda olduğundan emin olun. </li><li> altıgen vidayı sıkarak ayarlanabilir yaralama pimini sabitleyin. iki ucunda altıgen başlı kapaklar sıkarak pozisyonda rehberlik-bar Fix. </li></ol> 2. Pin Tutucu genişliği Ayar (Şekil 2) <ol><li> M5 altıgen anahtar ile altıgen başlı kapaklarını gevşetin. </li><li> kılavuz çubukları 96 oyuklu bir kültür plakasına genişliği ile mükemmel uyum sağlar ve böylece çivili her iki taraf için halkalar ayarlama uygun sayıda yerleştirin. NOT: Corning ve Iwaki plakaları büyük halkalar 1 çift ve küçük halkalar 1 çift gerektirir. Şahin ve Nunc plates büyük halkalardan 1 çift gerekir. </li><li> altıgen soket kafası sıkın rehberlik çubuğu düzeltmek için kapaklar. </li></ol> 3. Rehberlik Barlar ayarlanması (Şekil 3) <ol><li> Steril 10-ul plastik pipet uçları ile yaralama pimlerini. </li><li> M5 altıgen anahtar ile altıgen başlı kapaklarını gevşetin. </li><li> wounder tutun ve 96 bölümlü kültür plakasının bir kolonuna yaralama işaretçilerini daldırın. </li><li> ancak kuyu alt dokunmak tüm ipuçları kadar yol gösterici çubukların yüksekliğini ayarlayın. </li><li> altıgen başlı kapaklarını sıkıştırın. wounder şimdi mükemmel kültür plaka üzerinde ve işaretçilerine kuyuların ortasında iyi bir konuma olduğundan oturduğundan emin olun. </li></ol> Pins 4. Kalibrasyon <ol><li> Düz steril bir yüzey (yani Petri kabı) dik wounder tutun ve M3 altıgen anahtar ile tüm altıgen vidayı gevşetin. </li><li> eşit düz steril yüzeyine dokunmayın tüm ipuçları kadar wounder dokunun. &lt;/ Li&gt; <li> pozisyonunda işaretçilerine kilitlemek için tekrar altıgen vidalarını sıkın. </li><li> Düz steril bir yüzeye hafifçe wounder dokunarak her ucu düzgünlüğü kontrol edin. </li></ol> 5. Kaşıma Hücre Tek tabakalı (Şekil 4) <ol><li> % 0.1 jelatin kaplı 96-iyi hücre kültür plakası üzerine tohum insan umbilikal damar endotelyal hücreleri. Ortama 199 Kültür hücreleri,% 20 ısı ile etkisiz hale getirilen fötal sığır serumu,% 1 penisilin / streptomisin ve 0.09 g / L heparin ile takviye edilmiştir. gece boyunca, kullanılmadan önce 37 ° C &#39;de,% 5 karbon dioksit ile nemlendirilmiş bir kuluçka makinesi içinde hücreleri korumak. Hücreler yaralama önce% 100 confluency ulaşması gerekir. </li><li> soldakinden (veya en sağdaki) kültür plaka aynı sütun içinde her bir kuyunun kenarındaki yaralama ipuçları yerleştirin. kuyunun üzerinden diğer tarafa wounder kaydırın; yaralama ipuçları kuyunun dibine dokunmadan emin olun. </li><li> tüm sütunlar için tırmalamak (Adım 5.2) tekrarlayın. </li><li> , Iskarta t yaralama sonraO, orta ve her bir oyuk taze ortam içeren test bileşikleri ile değiştirin. </li></ol> 6. Veri Toplama ve Görüntü Analizi <ol><li> Görüntü dijital kamera (örneğin 10X objektif) bir düşük güç mikroskop kullanılarak hücre tek tabaka mekanik yara ile tüm iyi derhal (t = 0 h) yaralama sonra. </li><li> arzu edildiği takdirde test bileşiklerinin ekleyin ve bir zaman istenilen uzunlukta inkübe edilir. Görüntü İstenilen kuluçka süresinden (t = AH) sonra yeniden yara alanı ile tüm iyi. </li><li> Böyle ImageJ gibi görüntü analiz yazılımı (kullanarak <a href="https://imagej.nih.gov/ij/">https://imagej.nih.gov/ij/</a> ), serbest aracını kullanarak resmin üzerine yaralı bölgeyi ölçer. </li><li> yara kapatma yüzdesini hesaplayın: <img alt="Denklem" src="/files/ftp_upload/55411/55411eq1.jpg" /></li></ol>

<ol>
	<li>Friedl, P., Wolf, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tumour-cell+invasion+and+migration:+diversity+and+escape+mechanisms.">Tumour-cell invasion and migration: diversity and escape mechanisms.</a> Nat Rev Cancer. 3 (5), 362-374 (2003).</li><li>Friedl, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Prespecification+and+plasticity:+shifting+mechanisms+of+cell+migration.">Prespecification and plasticity: shifting mechanisms of cell migration.</a> Curr Opin Cell Biol. 16 (1), 14-23 (2004).</li><li>Lampugnani, M. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cell+migration+into+a+wounded+area+in+vitro.">Cell migration into a wounded area in vitro.</a> Methods Mol Biol. 96, 177-182 (1999).</li><li>Sholley, M. M., Gimbrone, M. A., Cotran, R. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cellular+migration+and+replication+in+endothelial+regeneration:+a+study+using+irradiated+endothelial+cultures.">Cellular migration and replication in endothelial regeneration: a study using irradiated endothelial cultures.</a> Lab Invest. 36 (1), 18-25 (1977).</li><li>Gotlieb, A. I., Spector, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Migration+into+an+in+vitro+experimental+wound:+a+comparison+of+porcine+aortic+endothelial+and+smooth+muscle+cells+and+the+effect+of+culture+irradiation.">Migration into an in vitro experimental wound: a comparison of porcine aortic endothelial and smooth muscle cells and the effect of culture irradiation.</a> Am J Pathol. 103 (2), 271-282 (1981).</li><li>Chen, Y. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Single-cell+migration+chip+for+chemotaxis-based+microfluidic+selection+of+heterogeneous+cell+populations.">Single-cell migration chip for chemotaxis-based microfluidic selection of heterogeneous cell populations.</a> Sci Rep. 18 (5), 9980 (2015).</li><li>Yarrow, J. C., Periman, Z. E., Westwood, N. J., Mitchison, T. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+high-throughput+cell+migration+assay+using+scratch+wound+healing,+a+comparsion+of+image-based+readout+methods.">A high-throughput cell migration assay using scratch wound healing, a comparsion of image-based readout methods.</a> BMC Biotechnol. 4, 21 (2004).</li><li>Lauder, H., Frost, E. E., Hiley, C. R., Fan, T. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantification+of+the+repair+process+involved+in+the+repair+of+a+cell+monolayer+using+an+in+vitro+model+of+mechanical+injury.">Quantification of the repair process involved in the repair of a cell monolayer using an in vitro model of mechanical injury.</a> Angiogenesis. 2 (1), 67-80 (1998).</li><li>Yue, P. Y. K., Leung, E. P. Y., Mak, N. K., Wong, R. N. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+simplified+method+for+quantifying+cell+migration/+wound+healing+in+96-well+plates.">A simplified method for quantifying cell migration/ wound healing in 96-well plates.</a> J. Biomol Screen. 15 (4), 427-433 (2010).</li><li>Yue, P. Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Elucidation+of+the+mechanisms+underlying+the+angiogenic+effects+of+ginsenoside+Rg(1)+in+vivo+and+in+vitro.">Elucidation of the mechanisms underlying the angiogenic effects of ginsenoside Rg(1) in vivo and in vitro.</a> Angiogenesis. 8 (3), 205-216 (2005).</li><li>Kwok, H. H., Chan, L. S., Poon, P. Y., Yue, P. Y., Wong, R. N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ginsenoside-Rg1+induces+angiogenesis+by+the+inverse+regulation+of+MET+tyrosine+kinase+receptor+expression+through+miR-23a.">Ginsenoside-Rg1 induces angiogenesis by the inverse regulation of MET tyrosine kinase receptor expression through miR-23a.</a> Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 287 (3), 276-283 (2015).</li></ol>

Yazarlar hiçbir rakip mali çıkarları olduğunu beyan ederim.

Bizim hücre wounder geleneksel hücre göçü deneyleri sorunlarını çözmede birçok benzersiz özelliklere sahiptir. 8-kanallı mekanik hücre wounder otoklav ile sterilize edilebilir, uzun ömürlü, yüksek dereceli paslanmaz çelik (çelik 304) yapılmıştır. piyasada bulunan 96 oyuklu kültür plakaları neredeyse tüm ticari markalar için ayarlanabilir kılavuz çubuğunun bu mekanik hücre wounder kullanılabilir. Ayarlanabilir kılavuz çubuğunun tasarımı da kazıma alanı her bir merkezinde olmasını sağlar. oyuk bir merkez pozisyonda yara, bir mikroskop kullanılarak görüntü yakalama kolaylaştırabilir. Farklı zaman noktalarında alınan iken görüntüleri bazı varyasyonları sahip, ama iyi alanının neredeyse% 90 düşük büyütme amacı (yani 10X) ile mikroskop ile görülebilir çünkü veri analizi etkilemez. Bu durumda, bir yarı-yüksek veri akışı analizi, 96 oyuklu kültür plakaları 7 &lt;gerçekleştirilebilirsup class = &quot;xref&quot;&gt; 8. Ancak, bu yöntem hala uzun veri analizini gerektiren görüntülerin, çok sayıda gerektirir. Bir otomatik görüntü elde sistemi varsa, bu çözülebilir. wounder bireysel olarak ayarlanabilir pimlerin tasarımı sayesinde, hücre tek tabaka, aynı Düzgün ve keskin yaralar elde etmek için 96 gözlü levha yüzeyi ile temas sağlar. çizilme pimleri sterilize ve her çizilmeye sonra imha ve mekanik hasar olmadan da yüzeyine temas büyük esneklik sağlayabilir edilebilir ticari plastik pipet uçları vardır. Bu avantajları, deney ve soyulmuş alanı boyunca hücre hareketi üzerinde etkisi sırasında örneklerin çapraz kontaminasyonu en aza indirebilirsiniz. Gelecekte, pim yükseklik ayarı adımını ortadan kaldırabilir yay kontrollü pimi gelişecektir. Bu cihazı kullanmak için en kritik adım kazıma sırasında hücre tek tabaka üzerine uygulanan kuvvettir. wounder gerekirSekiz pipet uçları kuyunun dibine değecek biçimde, kültür plakasına karşı dik yapılacak. Gerçekten de, wounder pahalı ve karmaşık ekipman kullanmaksızın hücre göçü deneyi gerçekleştirmek için bir yöntem de sağlar. Bu wounder için protokol basit ve kolaydır. Sonuç olarak, 8-kanal mekanik wounder özel bir yetenek gerektirmez hücre göçü deneyleri için kullanıcı dostu bir cihazdır. Kullanıcılar, hızlı ve basit bir şekilde 9, 10, 11 numune nispeten büyük bir sayıda 96 oyuklu plakalar içinde hücre göçü deneyi gerçekleştirebilir.

Hücre göçü gibi embriyojenez, nöron, anjiyogenez, yara iyileşmesi, mukozal tamiri, normal gelişim ve hastalık durumuna 1 altında epitelyal-mezenkimal-geçişler gibi hücresel süreçleri de önemli bir rol oynar. Bu sinyal molekül etkileşimleri, hücre kutuplaşma, hücre iskeleti yeniden, matris yeniden membran çıkıntı ve dinamik hücre-hücre yapışması modülasyonu 2 olmak üzere çok sayıda içi ve hücresel olayların koordinasyonunu içeren karmaşık bir süreçtir. hücre göçü inceleyerek, hücre hareketi ve bununla ilgili biyokimyasal yollar yol açan kimyasal madde veya biyomoleküllerin keşif ve doğrulama tespit edilebilir. Bu temel süreç böyle hastalık tedavisi ve ilaç hedefleme gibi çeşitli uygulamalar için bir vekil olarak yararlı bir şekilde kullanılabilir. Yaralama deney hücre göçü deneyleri 3 biridir. Burada, birhücrelerin tek tek örnek, kısmen hücre alanı kapsayacak şekilde göç bir soyulmuş alanı üretmek için mekanik araçlar ile kaldırılır. Belirli bir zaman noktasında geri kazanım yüzdesi izlenecektir. Örneklerin çok sayıda tutarken, bu tür örneklerin içinde deneysel maliyet ve çapraz kontaminasyon gibi konular sorunlu olabilir. Pek çok ticari araçlar ve deneyler, hücre göçü 4, 5, 6, çalışmak için uygun olmakla birlikte, bunların çok pahalı ve karmaşık ekipmanlar gerekmektedir ve geliştirmeler de ihtiyaç vardır. Bu nedenlerden dolayı, 8-kanallı mekanik hücre wounder (Şekil 1) olarak geliştirilmiştir. Bizim 8-kanal mekanik hücre wounder yukarıda belirtilen sorunların çözümünde birçok benzersiz özelliklere yer vermiş. Bu 96 gözlü kültür plakası formatında tahlilleri yaralama / hücre göçü gerçekleştirmek için esneklik sağlar. ayarlanabilir guiding bar tasarımı karalama alanı de her merkezi konumda olmasını sağlar. wounder kültür plakalarının çeşitli markalar için geçerlidir, böylece aynı zamanda, yönlendirme çubuklarının yüksekliğinin ayarlanabilir. Son olarak, ayarlanabilir yaralama pimi tasarımı aynı anda ve tekrarlanabilir yaralama 7, 8 ulaşmak için kültür plaka yüzeyi ile pipet uçları eşit teması sağlar.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>96-well cell culture plate</td>
			<td>Nunc</td>
			<td>167008</td>
			<td>Other brands of 96-well cell culture plate can also be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>P10 pipette tips</td>
			<td>Axygen</td>
			<td>301-03-051</td>
			<td>Short P10 pipette tip is more easy to create a clear wound</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Wounder</td>
			<td>R&#38;P Technology Limited</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Medium 199</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>M2520-1L</td>
			<td>For cell culture of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. 
			Use appropirate culture medium and condition for other type of cells.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fetal bovine serum</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>26140079</td>
			<td>For cell culture of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. 
			Use appropirate culture medium and condition for other type of cells.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Penicillin/Streptomycin</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>15140122</td>
			<td>For cell culture of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. 
			Use appropirate culture medium and condition for other type of cells.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Heparin sodium salt from porcine intestinal mucosa</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>H3393</td>
			<td>For cell culture of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. 
			Use appropirate culture medium and condition for other type of cells.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gelatin from bovine skin</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>G9391</td>
			<td>For cell culture of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. 
			Use appropirate culture medium and condition for other type of cells.</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a device for performing cell migration/wound healing in a 96-well plate

Hücre göçü / tahlil yaralama hücre göçü ve anjiyogenez ve tümör metastazı gibi diğer biyolojik süreçleri incelemek için yaygın olarak kullanılan bir yöntemdir. Bu tahlilde, hücreler konfluent tek tabaka oluşturmak için büyütülür ve mekanik bir yara bir cihaz ile çizilerek oluşturulur. Sonra soyulmuş alanına doğru hücrelerinin göç hızı görüntüleme ile izlenebilir. Bizim 8 kanallı mekanik wounder hücre göçü deneyi ile ilişkili sorunların çoğunu çözmek için tasarlanmıştır. Birincisi, bizim wounder kolayca otoklav ile veya ortak dezenfektanlar ile sterilize edilebilir. İkinci olarak, tek tek ayarlanabilen pimleri daha keskin ve tekrarlanabilir yaralar oluşturulabilir, böylece hücre kültür plakası ile temas etmesi. Üçüncü olarak, wounder her iki tarafında kılavuz çubukları her bir tutarlı yaralama pozisyonunu garantiler. ayrıca wounder daha iyi yol tutuşu sağlayabilir yanı sıra çapraz contaminat en aza indirmek için yaralama için tek kullanımlık plastik pipet uçlarının kullanılmasıiyon. Sonuç olarak, hücre wounder standart 96 oyuklu bir kültür plakası kullanarak hücre göçü deneyi gerçekleştirmek için bir kullanıcı dostu ve yeniden üretilebilir bir cihazla araştırmacılar sağlayabilir.

Bu 8-kanal mekanik wounder hücre göçü deneyi gerçekleştirmek için hücre tek tabaka kazımak için imal edilir. Bu özel eğitim olmadan bir dakikadan az 96 oyuklu plakalarda hücre tırmalamak analizleri yapabilir kullanıcı dostu bir cihazdır. Bu wounder yaklaşık 600 um&#39;lik bir düzgün genişlikte ve keskin kenarlı hücre tekli katmanları üzerinde yara alanı neden olabilir (Şekil 5 ve 6). Yaraların genişliği pipet uçları marka ve kullanıcının performansına bağlıdır. Yara genişliği Bu aralık ortak görüntü düşük güç büyütme altında yakalayan (Şekil 7) için uygundur. Görüntü çektikten sonra, yara kapama yüzdesi hesaplanabilir. Bu hücre wounder hücre göçü deneyi ile karşılaşılan sorunların çözümünde farklı stratejiler dahil etti. Ayrıca, çeşitli 96-çukurlu kültür pl hücre göçü Analizleri yapan esneklik sağlarbiçimleri yedik. <img alt="Şekil 1" src="/files/ftp_upload/55411/55411fig1.jpg" /> Şekil 1: Sekiz kanallı mekanik hücre wounder. <a href="http://ecsource.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/55411/55411fig1large.jpg" target="_blank">Bu rakamın büyük halini görmek için lütfen buraya tıklayınız.</a> <img alt="şekil 2" src="/files/ftp_upload/55411/55411fig2.jpg" /> Şekil 2: çivili genişliğini ayarlayın. 96-kuyu plaka sığdırmak için ayarlama halkaları yerleştirin. <a href="http://ecsource.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/55411/55411fig2large.jpg" target="_blank">Bu rakamın büyük halini görmek için lütfen buraya tıklayınız.</a> <img alt="Şekil 3," src="/files/ftp_upload/55411/55411fig3.jpg" /> Şekil 3. Farklı plaka biçimleri sığacak şekilde rehberlik çubukları ayarlayın. </strong&gt; 96 çukurluk plaka uyacak şekilde yukarı ve aşağı rehberlik çubuğunu kaydırın. <a href="http://ecsource.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/55411/55411fig3large.jpg" target="_blank">Bu rakamın büyük halini görmek için lütfen buraya tıklayınız.</a> <img alt="Şekil 4," src="/files/ftp_upload/55411/55411fig4.jpg" /> Şekil 4: ucunun yönünü çizmek. de alt diğer tarafına de alt bir taraftan wounder kaydırarak hücreleri kazıyın. <img alt="Şekil 5," src="/files/ftp_upload/55411/55411fig5.jpg" /> Şekil 5: yaralama sonrası 96 oyuklu plakanın genel bir bakış. Hücre tek tabaka yaklaşık 600 um düzgün genişliği ile keskin kenarlar üreten wounder tarafından yaralanır. <a href="http://ecsource.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/55411/55411fig5large.jpg" target="_blank">Bu rakamın büyük halini görmek için lütfen buraya tıklayınız.</a> &lt;<html> / P&gt; <img alt="Şekil 6," src="/files/ftp_upload/55411/55411fig6.jpg" /> Şekil 6: Bir satır Temsilcisi görüntüleri ve hemen çizilmeye sonra kuyuların bir sütun. Her bir yaranın genişliği nicel analizi. Görüntüler 10X objektif altında yakalanır. <a href="http://ecsource.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/55411/55411fig6large.jpg" target="_blank">Bu rakamın büyük halini görmek için lütfen buraya tıklayınız.</a> <img alt="Şekil 7," src="/files/ftp_upload/55411/55411fig7.jpg" /> Şekil 7: t = 0 h ve t = Sh de Çekilen yara görüntüleri (10X objektif). noktalı çizgi yara bölgesini gösterir ve katı çizgi hücre göçü alanını belirtir. A) insan göbek damarı endotel hücreleri. B) İnsan dermal fibroblast.= &quot;_ Blank&quot; olsun&gt; bu rakamın daha büyük bir versiyonunu görmek için lütfen buraya tıklayınız.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Device for Performing Cell Migration/Wound Healing in a 96-Well Plate at JoVE.com

A Device for Performing Cell Migration/Wound Healing in a 96-Well Plate

Burada, bir 96-yuvalı hücre kültürü plakasının bir yarı-yüksek verimli hücre göçü deneyi gerçekleştirmek için bir protokol mevcut. Bu protokol, bir hücre tek tabaka üzerinde tutarlı çizik yaraları oluşturmak için hızlı, basit ve ekonomik bir yöntemdir.

96 oyuklu bir plaka içerisinde hücre gücü / yara iyileşme gerçekleştirmek için bir cihaz

The cell migration/wounding assay is a commonly used method to study cell migration and other biological processes, such as angiogenesis and tumor ...

a-device-for-performing-cell-migrationwound-healing-in-a-96-well-plate

Nanyang Technological University

Research

JoVE Journal

Developmental Biology

10.4K Görüntüleme.  Hong Kong Baptist University.  Burada, bir 96-yuvalı hücre kültürü plakasının bir yarı-yüksek verimli hücre göçü deneyi gerçekleştirmek için bir protokol mevcut. Bu protokol, bir hücre tek tabaka üzerinde tutarlı çizik yaraları oluşturmak için hızlı, basit ve ekonomik bir yöntemdir. 

Video: A Device for Performing Cell Migration/Wound Healing in a 96-Well Plate

Understanding Early Organogenesis Using a Simplified In Situ Hybridization Protocol in Xenopus

Organogenesis is the study of how organs are specified and then acquire their specific shape and functions during development. The Xenopuslaevis embryo is very useful for studying organogenesis because their large size makes them very suitable for identifying organs at the earliest steps in organogenesis. At this time, the primary method used for identifying a specific organ or primordium is whole mount in situ hybridization with labeled antisense RNA probes specific to a gene that is expressed in the organ of interest. In addition, it is relatively easy to manipulate genes or signaling pathways in Xenopus and in situ hybridization allows one to then assay for changes in the presence or morphology of a target organ. Whole mount in situ hybridization is a multi-day protocol with many steps involved. Here we provide a simplified protocol with reduced numbers of steps and reagents used that works well for routine assays. In situ hybridization robots have greatly facilitated the process and we detail how and when we utilize that technology in the process. Once an in situ hybridization is complete, capturing the best image of the result can be frustrating. We provide advice on how to optimize imaging of in situ hybridization results. Although the protocol describes assessing organogenesis in Xenopus laevis, the same basic protocol can almost certainly be adapted to Xenopus tropicalis and other model systems.

Understanding Early Organogenesis Using a Simplified In Situ Hybridization Protocol in Xenopus

The Xenopus laevis embryo continues to be exceptionally useful in the study of early development due to its large size and ease of manipulation. A simplified protocol for whole mount in situ hybridization protocol is provided that can be used in the identification of specific organs in this model system.

Anlamak Basitleştirilmiş kullanma Erken Organogenez<em&gt; In Situ</emIçinde&gt; Hibridizasyon Protokolü<em&gt; Ksenopus</em

Organogenesis is the study of how organs are specified and then acquire their specific shape and functions during development.  The Xenopuslaevis embryo ...

Gelişim Biyolojisi

Automated Quantification of Hematopoietic Cell &#8211; Stromal Cell Interactions in Histological Images of Undecalcified Bone

Confocal microscopy is the method of choice for the analysis of localization of multiple cell types within complex tissues such as the bone marrow. However, the analysis and quantification of cellular localization is difficult, as in many cases it relies on manual counting, thus bearing the risk of introducing a rater-dependent bias and reducing interrater reliability. Moreover, it is often difficult to judge whether the co-localization between two cells results from random positioning, especially when cell types differ strongly in the frequency of their occurrence. Here, a method for unbiased quantification of cellular co-localization in the bone marrow is introduced. The protocol describes the sample preparation used to obtain histological sections of whole murine long bones including the bone marrow, as well as the staining protocol and the acquisition of high-resolution images. An analysis workflow spanning from the recognition of hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cell types in 2-dimensional (2D) bone marrow images to the quantification of the direct contacts between those cells is presented. This also includes a neighborhood analysis, to obtain information about the cellular microenvironment surrounding a certain cell type. In order to evaluate whether co-localization of two cell types is the mere result of random cell positioning or reflects preferential associations between the cells, a simulation tool which is suitable for testing this hypothesis in the case of hematopoietic as well as stromal cells, is used. This approach is not limited to the bone marrow, and can be extended to other tissues to permit reproducible, quantitative analysis of histological data.

A strategy to quantitatively analyze histological data in the bone marrow is presented. Confocal microscopy of fluorescently labeled cells in tissue sections results in 2-dimensional images, which are automatically analyzed. Co-localization analyses of different cell types are compared to data from simulated images, giving quantitative information about cellular interactions.

Hematopoetik Hücre Otomatik Ölçümü - undekalsifiye Kemik histolojik Görüntüler stromal hücre etkileşimleri

Confocal microscopy is the method of choice for the analysis of localization of multiple cell types within complex tissues such as the bone marrow. ...

Scalable 96-well Plate Based iPSC Culture and Production Using a Robotic Liquid Handling System

Continued advancement in pluripotent stem cell culture is closing the gap between bench and bedside for using these cells in regenerative medicine, drug discovery and safety testing. In order to produce stem cell derived biopharmaceutics and cells for tissue engineering and transplantation, a cost-effective cell-manufacturing technology is essential. Maintenance of pluripotency and stable performance of cells in downstream applications (e.g., cell differentiation) over time is paramount to large scale cell production. Yet that can be difficult to achieve especially if cells are cultured manually where the operator can introduce significant variability as well as be prohibitively expensive to scale-up. To enable high-throughput, large-scale stem cell production and remove operator influence novel stem cell culture protocols using a bench-top multi-channel liquid handling robot were developed that require minimal technician involvement or experience. With these protocols human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were cultured in feeder-free conditions directly from a frozen stock and maintained in 96-well plates. Depending on cell line and desired scale-up rate, the operator can easily determine when to passage based on a series of images showing the optimal colony densities for splitting. Then the necessary reagents are prepared to perform a colony split to new plates without a centrifugation step. After 20 passages (~3 months), two iPSC lines maintained stable karyotypes, expressed stem cell markers, and differentiated into cardiomyocytes with high efficiency. The system can perform subsequent high-throughput screening of new differentiation protocols or genetic manipulation designed for 96-well plates. This technology will reduce the labor and technical burden to produce large numbers of identical stem cells for a myriad of applications.

The protocols described allow laboratories to perform scalable, adherent stem cell culture in high throughput with minimal labor, experience and equipment investment cost using a programmable liquid handling robot and 96-well plates. iPSCs passaged more than 20 times on this system maintained pluripotency, normal karyotypes and differentiated into cardiomyocytes.

Bir Robotik Sıvı İşleme Sisteminin Kullanılması Ölçeklenebilir 96-iyi iPSC Kültür Bazlı Plaka ve Üretim

Continued advancement in pluripotent stem cell culture is closing the gap between bench and bedside for using these cells in regenerative medicine, drug ...

Establishment of a Clinically Relevant Ex Vivo Mock Cataract Surgery Model for Investigating Epithelial Wound Repair in a Native Microenvironment

The major impediment to understanding how an epithelial tissue executes wound repair is the limited availability of models in which it is possible to follow and manipulate the wound response ex vivo in an environment that closely mimics that of epithelial tissue injury in vivo. This issue was addressed by creating a clinically relevant epithelial ex vivo injury-repair model based on cataract surgery. In this culture model, the response of the lens epithelium to wounding can be followed live in the cells&#8217; native microenvironment, and the molecular mediators of wound repair easily manipulated during the repair process. To prepare the cultures, lenses are removed from the eye and a small incision is made in the anterior of the lens from which the inner mass of lens fiber cells is removed. This procedure creates a circular wound on the posterior lens capsule, the thick basement membrane that surrounds the lens. This wound area where the fiber cells were attached is located just adjacent to a continuous monolayer of lens epithelial cells that remains linked to the lens capsule during the surgical procedure. The wounded epithelium, the cell type from which fiber cells are derived during development, responds to the injury of fiber cell removal by moving collectively across the wound area, led by a population of vimentin-rich repair cells whose mesenchymal progenitors are endogenous to the lens1. These properties are typical of a normal epithelial wound healing response. In this model, as in vivo, wound repair is dependent on signals supplied by the endogenous environment that is uniquely maintained in this ex vivo culture system, providing an ideal opportunity for discovery of the mechanisms that regulate repair of an epithelium following wounding.

Establishment of a Clinically Relevant Ex Vivo Mock Cataract Surgery Model for Investigating Epithelial Wound Repair in a Native Microenvironment

Described here is the establishment of a clinically relevant ex vivo mock cataract surgery model that can be used to investigate mechanisms of the injury response of epithelial tissues within their native microenvironment.

Bir Klinik İlgili kurulması<em&gt; Ex Vivo</emYerli mikroçevresinin Epitelyal Yara Tamir incelenmesi için&gt; Mock Katarakt Cerrahisi Modeli

The major impediment to understanding how an epithelial tissue executes wound repair is the limited availability of models in which it is possible to ...

Microinjection for Transgenesis and Genome Editing in Threespine Sticklebacks

The threespine stickleback fish has emerged as a powerful system to study the genetic basis of a wide variety of morphological, physiological, and behavioral phenotypes. The remarkably diverse phenotypes that have evolved as marine populations adapt to countless freshwater environments, combined with the ability to cross marine and freshwater forms, provide a rare vertebrate system in which genetics can be used to map genomic regions controlling evolved traits. Excellent genomic resources are now available, facilitating molecular genetic dissection of evolved changes. While mapping experiments generate lists of interesting candidate genes, functional genetic manipulations are required to test the roles of these genes. Gene regulation can be studied with transgenic reporter plasmids and BACs integrated into the genome using the Tol2 transposase system. Functions of specific candidate genes and cis-regulatory elements can be assessed by inducing targeted mutations with TALEN and CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing reagents. All methods require introducing nucleic acids into fertilized one-cell stickleback embryos, a task made challenging by the thick chorion of stickleback embryos and the relatively small and thin blastomere. Here, a detailed protocol for microinjection of nucleic acids into stickleback embryos is described for transgenic and genome editing applications to study gene expression and function, as well as techniques to assess the success of transgenesis and recover stable lines.

Transgenic manipulations and genome editing are critical for functionally testing the roles of genes and cis-regulatory elements. Here a detailed microinjection protocol for the generation of genomic modifications (including Tol2-mediated fluorescent reporter transgene constructs, TALENs, and CRISPRs) is presented for the emergent model fish, the threespine stickleback.

Threespine Sticklebacks içinde Transgenesis ve Genom Kurgu Mikroenjeksiyon

The threespine stickleback fish has emerged as a powerful system to study the genetic basis of a wide variety of morphological, physiological, and ...

Adenoviral Gene Therapy for Diabetic Keratopathy: Effects on Wound Healing and Stem Cell Marker Expression in Human Organ-cultured Corneas and Limbal Epithelial Cells

The goal of this protocol is to describe molecular alterations in human diabetic corneas and demonstrate how they can be alleviated by adenoviral gene therapy in organ-cultured corneas. The diabetic corneal disease is a complication of diabetes with frequent abnormalities of corneal nerves and epithelial wound healing. We have also documented significantly altered expression of several putative epithelial stem cell markers in human diabetic corneas. To alleviate these changes, adenoviral gene therapy was successfully implemented using the upregulation of c-met proto-oncogene expression and/or the downregulation of proteinases matrix metalloproteinase-10 (MMP-10) and cathepsin F. This therapy accelerated wound healing in diabetic corneas even when only the limbal stem cell compartment was transduced. The best results were obtained with combined treatment. For possible patient transplantation of normalized stem cells, an example is also presented of the optimization of gene transduction in stem cell-enriched cultures using polycationic enhancers. This approach may be useful not only for the selected genes but also for the other mediators of corneal epithelial wound healing and stem cell function.

An example of adenoviral gene therapy in the human diabetic organ-cultured corneas is presented towards the normalization of delayed wound healing and markedly reduced epithelial stem cell marker expression in these corneas. It also describes the optimization of this process in stem cell-enriched limbal epithelial cultures.

Diyabetik Keratopatide için adenoviral Gen Tedavisi: İnsan Organ-kültürlü kornealar ve Limbal Epitel Hücreleri Yara İyileşmesi Üzerine Etkileri ve Hücre Marker İfade Kök

The goal of this protocol is to describe molecular alterations in human diabetic corneas and demonstrate how they can be alleviated by adenoviral gene ...

Rapid Isolation of BMPR-IB+ Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells for Use in a Calvarial Defect Healing Model

Invasive cancers, major injuries, and infection can cause bone defects that are too large to be reconstructed with preexisting bone from the patient's own body. The ability to grow bone de novo using a patient's own cells would allow bony defects to be filled with adequate tissue without the morbidity of harvesting native bone. There is interest in the use of adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) as a source for tissue engineering because these are obtained from an abundant source: the patient's own adipose tissue. However, ASCs are a heterogeneous population and some subpopulations may be more effective in this application than others. Isolation of the most osteogenic population of ASCs could improve the efficiency and effectiveness of a bone engineering process. In this protocol, ASCs are obtained from subcutaneous fat tissue from a human donor. The subpopulation of ASCs expressing the marker BMPR-IB is isolated using FACS. These cells are then applied to an in vivo calvarial defect healing assay and are found to have improved osteogenic regenerative potential compared with unsorted cells.

Adipose-derived stromal cells may be useful for engineering new tissue from a patient's own cells. We present a protocol for the isolation of a subpopulation of human adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) with increased osteogenic potential, followed by application of the cells in an in vivo calvarial healing assay.

BMPR-IB + hızlı İzolasyon Kalvaryum Hata Şifa Modeli Kullanılan Stromal Hücreleri yağ kaynaklı

Invasive cancers, major injuries, and infection can cause bone defects that are too large to be reconstructed with preexisting bone from the patient's own ...

A Novel Mammary Fat Pad Transplantation Technique to Visualize the Vessel Generation of Vascular Endothelial Stem Cells

Endothelial cells (ECs) are the fundamental building blocks of the vascular architecture and mediate vascular growth and remodeling to ensure proper vessel development and homeostasis. However, studies on endothelial lineage hierarchy remain elusive due to the lack of tools to gain access as well as to directly evaluate their behavior in vivo. To address this shortcoming, a new tissue model to study angiogenesis using the mammary fat pad has been developed. The mammary gland develops mostly in the postnatal stages, including puberty and pregnancy, during which robust epithelium proliferation is accompanied by extensive vascular remodeling. Mammary fat pads provide space, matrix, and rich angiogenic stimuli from the growing mammary epithelium. Furthermore, mammary fat pads are located outside the peritoneal cavity, making them an easily accessible grafting site for assessing the angiogenic potential of exogenous cells. This work also describes an efficient tracing approach using fluorescent reporter mice to specifically label the targeted population of vascular endothelial stem cells (VESCs) in vivo. This lineage tracing method, coupled with subsequent tissue whole-mount microscopy, enable the direct visualization of targeted cells and their descendants, through which the proliferation capability can be quantified and the differentiation commitment can be fate-mapped. Using these methods, a population of bipotent protein C receptor (Procr) expressing VESCs has recently been identified in multiple vascular systems. Procr+ VESCs, giving rise to both new ECs and pericytes, actively contribute to angiogenesis during development, homeostasis, and injury repair. Overall, this manuscript describes a new mammary fat pad transplantation and in vivo lineage tracing techniques that can be used to evaluate the stem cell properties of VESCs.

This work demonstrates a novel approach to assess the proliferation, differentiation, and vessel-forming potential of vascular endothelial stem cells (VESCs) through mammary fat pad transplantation followed by whole-mount tissue preparation for microscopic observation. A lineage tracing strategy to investigate the behavior of VESCs in vivo is also presented.

Vasküler Endotelyal Kök Hücrelerin Damar Oluşumunu Görselleştirmek İçin Yeni Bir Göğüs Göğsü Transplantasyon Tekniği

Endothelial cells (ECs) are the fundamental building blocks of the vascular architecture and mediate vascular growth and remodeling to ensure proper ...

Generation of Scaffold-free, Three-dimensional Insulin Expressing Pancreatoids from Mouse Pancreatic Progenitors In Vitro

The pancreas is a complex organ composed of many different cell types that work together to regulate blood glucose homeostasis and digestion. These cell types include enzyme-secreting acinar cells, an arborized ductal system responsible for the transportation of enzymes to the gut, and hormone-producing endocrine cells. 
Endocrine beta-cells are the sole cell type in the body that produce insulin to lower blood glucose levels. Diabetes, a disease characterized by a loss or the dysfunction of beta-cells, is reaching epidemic proportions. Thus, it is essential to establish protocols to investigate beta-cell development that can be used for screening purposes to derive the drug and cell-based therapeutics. While the experimental investigation of mouse development is essential, in vivo studies are laborious and time-consuming. Cultured cells provide a more convenient platform for screening; however, they are unable to maintain the cellular diversity, architectural organization, and cellular interactions found in vivo. Thus, it is essential to develop new tools to investigate pancreatic organogenesis and physiology.
Pancreatic epithelial cells develop in the close association with mesenchyme from the onset of organogenesis as cells organize and differentiate into the complex, physiologically competent adult organ. The pancreatic mesenchyme provides important signals for the endocrine development, many of which are not well understood yet, thus difficult to recapitulate during the in vitro culture. Here, we describe a protocol to culture three-dimensional, cellular complex mouse organoids that retain mesenchyme, termed pancreatoids. The e10.5 murine pancreatic bud is dissected, dissociated, and cultured in a scaffold-free environment. These floating cells self-assemble with mesenchyme enveloping the developing pancreatoid and a robust number of endocrine beta-cells developing along with the acinar and the duct cells. This system can be used to study the cell fate determination, structural organization, and morphogenesis, cell-cell interactions during organogenesis, or for the drug, small molecule, or genetic screening.

Generation of Scaffold-free, Three-dimensional Insulin Expressing Pancreatoids from Mouse Pancreatic Progenitors In Vitro

Here, we present a protocol to generate insulin expressing 3D murine pancreatoids from free-floating e10.5 dissociated pancreatic progenitors and the associated mesenchyme.

İskele-free, üç boyutlu insülin ifade Pancreatoids fare pankreas ataları Vitro gelen nesil

The pancreas is a complex organ composed of many different cell types that work together to regulate blood glucose homeostasis and digestion. These cell ...

Visualizing the Node and Notochordal Plate In Gastrulating Mouse Embryos Using Scanning Electron Microscopy and Whole Mount Immunofluorescence

The post-implantation mouse embryo undergoes major shape changes after the initiation of gastrulation and morphogenesis. A hallmark of morphogenesis is the formation of the transient organizers, the node and notochordal plate, from cells that have passed through the primitive streak. The proper formation of these signaling centers is essential for the development of the body plan and techniques to visualize them are of high interest to mouse developmental biologists. The node and notochordal plate lie on the ventral surface of gastrulating mouse embryos around embryonic day (E) 7.5 of development. The node is a cup-shaped structure whose cells possess a single slender cilium each. The proper subcellular localization and rotation of the cilia in the node pit determines left-right asymmetry. The notochordal plate cells also possess single cilia albeit shorter than those of the node cells. The notochordal plate forms the notochord which acts as an important signaling organizer for somitogenesis and neural patterning. Because the cells of the node and notochordal plate are transiently present on the surface and possess cilia, they can be visualized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Among other techniques used to visualize these structures at the cellular level is whole mount immunofluorescence (WMIF) using the antibodies against the proteins that are highly expressed in the node and notochordal plate. In this report, we describe our optimized protocols to perform SEM and WMIF of the node and notochordal plate in developing mouse embryos to help in the assessment of tissue shape and cellular organization in wild-type and gastrulation mutant embryos.

The node and notochordal plate are transient signaling organizers in developing mouse embryos that can be visualized using several techniques. Here, we describe in detail how to perform two of the techniques to study their structure and morphogenesis: 1) scanning electron microscopy (SEM); and 2) whole mount immunofluorescence (WMIF).

Düğüm ve Notochordal plaka Gastrulating fare embriyo Tarama elektron mikroskobu ve bütün Dağı ayirt kullanarak görselleştirme

The post-implantation mouse embryo undergoes major shape changes after the initiation of gastrulation and morphogenesis. A hallmark of morphogenesis is ...