Die Autoren möchten sich Herr Tam Po Leung, Mr. Wong Chi Kin und das technische Personal der Fakultät Werkstatt, Hong Kong Baptist University, für ihre technischen Fähigkeiten und Beratung bei der Herstellung der Prototyp dieser wounder danken.

1. Einführung in die Teile des wounder (Abbildung 1) <ol><li> Bereiten Sie den Stifthalter durch die Verwundung Stifte in gleichen Abständen zu fixieren. Halten Sie die Pipettenspitzen und stellen Sie die Spitzenhöhe und die einstellbaren Verwundung Stifte nach oben und unten durch Bewegung. </li><li> Den verstellbaren Führungsschiene auf verschiedene Marken von 96-Well-Kulturplatten und stellen Sie sicher, dass die Verwundung Bereich in einer festen Position ist. </li><li> Befestigen Sie den verstellbaren Verwundung Stift durch die Sechskantschraube anziehen. Befestigen Sie den Führungsgriff in der Position, die durch die Kopfkappen Sechskant Anzugs an beiden Enden. </li></ol> 2. Einstellen der Breite des Stifthalters (Abbildung 2) <ol><li> Lösen Sie die Sechskantkappen mit dem M5 Inbusschlüssel. </li><li> Legen Sie eine geeignete Anzahl von Ringen auf beiden Seiten des Stifthalters so eingestellt wird, dass die Führungsstangen passen perfekt mit der Breite der 96-Well-Kulturplatte. HINWEIS: Corning und Iwaki Platten erfordert ein Paar von großen Ringen und 1 Paar kleine Ringe. Falcon und Nunc plAtes benötigen ein Paar große Ringe. </li><li> Ziehen Sie die Sechskantkappen der Führungsstange zu befestigen. </li></ol> 3. Einstellen der Führungsstangen (Abbildung 3) <ol><li> Montieren Sie die Verwundung Stifte mit sterilen 10-ul Kunststoff Pipettenspitzen. </li><li> Lösen Sie die Sechskantkappen mit dem M5 Inbusschlüssel. </li><li> Halten Sie die wounder und tauchen Sie die Verwundung Stifte in eine Spalte einer 96-Well-Kulturplatte. </li><li> Stellen Sie die Höhe der Führungsstangen, bis alle Spitzen kaum den Boden der Vertiefungen berührt. </li><li> Ziehen Sie die Sechskantkappen. Stellen Sie sicher, dass die wounder jetzt perfekt auf der Kulturplatte passt und dass die Stifte sind gut positioniert in der Mitte der Brunnen. </li></ol> 4. Kalibrierung der Pins <ol><li> Halten Sie die wounder senkrecht zu einer flachen sterilen Oberfläche (dh Petrischale) und lösen Sie alle Sechskantschrauben mit dem M3 - Inbusschlüssel. </li><li> Tippen Sie auf die wounder bis alle Spitzen gleichmäßig flach sterile Oberfläche berühren. &lt;/ Li&gt; <li> Ziehen Sie die Sechskantschrauben wieder die Stifte in Position zu verriegeln. </li><li> Schauen Sie sich die Gleichmäßigkeit jeder Spitze durch die wounder sanft auf der flachen sterilen Oberfläche aus. </li></ol> 5. Verkratzen Zellmonolayer (Figur 4) <ol><li> Seed humane Nabelschnur vaskuläre Endothelzellen auf einer 0,1% Gelatine beschichtete 96-Well-Zellkulturplatte. Kulturzellen in Medium 199 mit 20% hitzeinaktiviertem fötalem Rinderserum, 1% Penicillin / Streptomycin und 0,09 g / L Heparin. Pflegen Zellen in einem befeuchteten Inkubator mit 5% Kohlendioxid bei 37 ºC über Nacht vor der Verwendung. Die Zellen sollten 100% Konfluenz erreichen, bevor der Verwundung. </li><li> Legen Sie die Verwundung Spitzen an der linken (oder der ganz rechten) Seite jeder Vertiefung innerhalb der gleichen Spalte der Kulturplatte. Schieben Sie die wounder auf die andere Seite des Bohrlochs; sicherstellen, dass die Verwundung Tipps, um den Boden des Bohrlochs berühren. </li><li> Wiederholen Sie das Kratzen (Schritt 5.2) für alle Spalten. </li><li> Nach Verwundung Verwerfungs ter Medium in jeder Vertiefung und ersetzen Sie sie durch frisches Medium, das Testen von Verbindungen. </li></ol> 6. Datenerfassung und Bildanalyse <ol><li> Bild das ganze auch mit der mechanischen Wunde auf der Zellschicht ein Low-Power - Mikroskop mit Digitalkamera (zB 10X - Objektiv) unmittelbar nach der Verwundung (t = 0 h) verwendet wird . </li><li> In Testverbindungen, wenn für die gewünschte Länge der Zeit gewünscht und brüten. Bild das ganze gut mit dem Wundbereich nach der gewünschten Inkubationszeit (t = &amp; Delta; h). </li><li> Mit Hilfe der Bildanalyse - Software wie ImageJ ( <a href="https://imagej.nih.gov/ij/">https://imagej.nih.gov/ij/</a> ), messen Sie den verwundeten Bereich auf dem Bild mit dem Freihand - Werkzeug. </li><li> Berechnen Sie den Prozentsatz des Wundverschlusses: <img alt="Gleichung" src="/files/ftp_upload/55411/55411eq1.jpg" /></li></ol>

<ol>
	<li>Friedl, P., Wolf, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tumour-cell+invasion+and+migration:+diversity+and+escape+mechanisms.">Tumour-cell invasion and migration: diversity and escape mechanisms.</a> Nat Rev Cancer. 3 (5), 362-374 (2003).</li><li>Friedl, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Prespecification+and+plasticity:+shifting+mechanisms+of+cell+migration.">Prespecification and plasticity: shifting mechanisms of cell migration.</a> Curr Opin Cell Biol. 16 (1), 14-23 (2004).</li><li>Lampugnani, M. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cell+migration+into+a+wounded+area+in+vitro.">Cell migration into a wounded area in vitro.</a> Methods Mol Biol. 96, 177-182 (1999).</li><li>Sholley, M. M., Gimbrone, M. A., Cotran, R. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cellular+migration+and+replication+in+endothelial+regeneration:+a+study+using+irradiated+endothelial+cultures.">Cellular migration and replication in endothelial regeneration: a study using irradiated endothelial cultures.</a> Lab Invest. 36 (1), 18-25 (1977).</li><li>Gotlieb, A. I., Spector, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Migration+into+an+in+vitro+experimental+wound:+a+comparison+of+porcine+aortic+endothelial+and+smooth+muscle+cells+and+the+effect+of+culture+irradiation.">Migration into an in vitro experimental wound: a comparison of porcine aortic endothelial and smooth muscle cells and the effect of culture irradiation.</a> Am J Pathol. 103 (2), 271-282 (1981).</li><li>Chen, Y. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Single-cell+migration+chip+for+chemotaxis-based+microfluidic+selection+of+heterogeneous+cell+populations.">Single-cell migration chip for chemotaxis-based microfluidic selection of heterogeneous cell populations.</a> Sci Rep. 18 (5), 9980 (2015).</li><li>Yarrow, J. C., Periman, Z. E., Westwood, N. J., Mitchison, T. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+high-throughput+cell+migration+assay+using+scratch+wound+healing,+a+comparsion+of+image-based+readout+methods.">A high-throughput cell migration assay using scratch wound healing, a comparsion of image-based readout methods.</a> BMC Biotechnol. 4, 21 (2004).</li><li>Lauder, H., Frost, E. E., Hiley, C. R., Fan, T. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantification+of+the+repair+process+involved+in+the+repair+of+a+cell+monolayer+using+an+in+vitro+model+of+mechanical+injury.">Quantification of the repair process involved in the repair of a cell monolayer using an in vitro model of mechanical injury.</a> Angiogenesis. 2 (1), 67-80 (1998).</li><li>Yue, P. Y. K., Leung, E. P. Y., Mak, N. K., Wong, R. N. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+simplified+method+for+quantifying+cell+migration/+wound+healing+in+96-well+plates.">A simplified method for quantifying cell migration/ wound healing in 96-well plates.</a> J. Biomol Screen. 15 (4), 427-433 (2010).</li><li>Yue, P. Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Elucidation+of+the+mechanisms+underlying+the+angiogenic+effects+of+ginsenoside+Rg(1)+in+vivo+and+in+vitro.">Elucidation of the mechanisms underlying the angiogenic effects of ginsenoside Rg(1) in vivo and in vitro.</a> Angiogenesis. 8 (3), 205-216 (2005).</li><li>Kwok, H. H., Chan, L. S., Poon, P. Y., Yue, P. Y., Wong, R. N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ginsenoside-Rg1+induces+angiogenesis+by+the+inverse+regulation+of+MET+tyrosine+kinase+receptor+expression+through+miR-23a.">Ginsenoside-Rg1 induces angiogenesis by the inverse regulation of MET tyrosine kinase receptor expression through miR-23a.</a> Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 287 (3), 276-283 (2015).</li></ol>

Die Autoren erklären, dass sie keine finanziellen Interessen haben.

Unsere Zelle wounder hat einige einzigartige Eigenschaften in die Probleme der traditionellen Zellmigration Assays zu lösen. Der 8-Kanal-mechanischen Zell wounder ist aus hochwertigem Edelstahl (Stahl 304) mit einer langen Lebensdauer hergestellt, die im Autoklaven sterilisiert werden kann. Fast alle Handelsmarken von 96-Well-Kulturplatten auf dem Markt mit dieser mechanischen Zell wounder verwendet werden, da der verstellbaren Führungsstange. Die Konstruktion der verstellbaren Führungsleiste gewährleistet auch, das...

Zellmigration spielt eine wichtige Rolle bei der zellulären Prozessen, wie der Embryonalentwicklung, der Neurogenese, Angiogenese, Wundheilung, Schleimhautreparatur, epithelial-mesenchymalen-Übergänge unter normalen Entwicklung und Krankheitslage 1. Es ist ein komplizierter Prozess, der die Koordination zahlreicher inter- und intrazelluläre Ereignisse , einschließlich Signalmolekül - Wechselwirkungen, Zellpolarisation, Zytoskelett - Reorganisation, Matrixumbau, Membran Vorsprung und dynamische Zell-Zell - Adhäsion Modulation 2 beinhaltet. Durch das Studium der Zellmigration, die Entdeckung und Validierung von Chemikalien oder Biomoleküle, die zu Zellbewegung und seine verwandten biochemischen Wege bestimmt werden. Dieser grundlegende Prozess kann für verschiedene Anwendungen, wie zum Beispiel der Behandlung von Krankheiten und Drug-Targeting-nutzbringend als Proxy verwendet werden. Die Verwundung Assay ist einer der Zellmigrationsassays 3. Hier wird eineinzelne Probe von Zellen teilweise durch mechanische Mittel entfernt werden, um ein entblößten Bereich zu produzieren, wo Zellen, die den Bereich abdecken wird migrieren. Der Prozentsatz der Rückgewinnung zu einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt wird überwacht werden. Wenn eine große Anzahl von Proben Umgang mit Themen wie der experimentellen Kosten und Kreuzkontamination innerhalb Proben kann problematisch sein. Obwohl viele kommerzielle Tools und Tests für 4 Migration Studium Zelle vorhanden sind, 5, 6, benötigt viele von ihnen teure und komplizierte Ausrüstung und Verbesserungen werden noch benötigt. Aus diesen Gründen ist ein 8-Kanal mechanischen Zell wounder (Abbildung 1) entwickelt. Unsere 8-Kanal-mechanischen Zell wounder hat bei der Lösung der oben genannten Probleme einige einzigartige Eigenschaften eingearbeitet. Es bietet die Flexibilität, die Zellmigration / Verwundung Assays in 96-Well-Kulturplattenformat durchzuführen. Der einstellbare guIding Bar-Design sorgt dafür, dass die Kratzfläche in der zentralen Position jedes gut ist. Auch kann die Höhe der Führungsstangen verstellt werden, so dass die wounder für verschiedene Marken von Kulturplatten anwendbar ist. Schließlich ermöglicht die einstellbare Verwundung Pin - Design einen noch Kontakt der Pipettenspitzen mit der Kulturplatte Oberfläche zu erreichen gleichzeitige und reproduzierbare Verwundung 7, 8.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>96-well cell culture plate</td>
			<td>Nunc</td>
			<td>167008</td>
			<td>Other brands of 96-well cell culture plate can also be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>P10 pipette tips</td>
			<td>Axygen</td>
			<td>301-03-051</td>
			<td>Short P10 pipette tip is more easy to create a clear wound</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Wounder</td>
			<td>R&#38;P Technology Limited</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Medium 199</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>M2520-1L</td>
			<td>For cell culture of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. 
			Use appropirate culture medium and condition for other type of cells.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fetal bovine serum</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>26140079</td>
			<td>For cell culture of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. 
			Use appropirate culture medium and condition for other type of cells.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Penicillin/Streptomycin</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>15140122</td>
			<td>For cell culture of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. 
			Use appropirate culture medium and condition for other type of cells.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Heparin sodium salt from porcine intestinal mucosa</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>H3393</td>
			<td>For cell culture of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. 
			Use appropirate culture medium and condition for other type of cells.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gelatin from bovine skin</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>G9391</td>
			<td>For cell culture of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. 
			Use appropirate culture medium and condition for other type of cells.</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a device for performing cell migration/wound healing in a 96-well plate

Die Zellmigration / Test verwunden ist eine häufig verwendete Methode der Zellmigration und andere biologische Prozesse, wie Angiogenese und Tumormetastasierung zu studieren. In diesem Assay werden die Zellen gezüchtet eine konfluente Monoschicht und eine mechanische Verwundung durch Kratzen mit einem Gerät erzeugt wird, zu bilden. Dann wird die Migrationsrate der Zellen gegenüber dem entblößten Bereich kann durch Bildgebung überwacht werden. Unsere 8-Kanal-mechanischen wounder soll die meisten Probleme mit der Zellmigrationsassay zugeordnet zu bewältigen. Zum einen können unsere wounder leicht durch Autoklavieren oder mit üblichen Desinfektionsmittel sterilisiert werden. Zweitens erlauben die individuell einstellbare Stifte auch mit der Zellkulturplatte in Verbindung, damit scharf und reproduzierbar Wunden geschaffen werden kann. Drittens sorgen die Führungsstäbe auf beiden Seiten der wounder konsistente Verwundung Position in jeder Vertiefung. Die Verwendung von Einweg-Kunststoff-Pipettenspitzen für Verwundung weiter eine bessere Handhabung des wounder bieten kann sowie Quer VERSCHMUTZ zu minimierenIon. Abschließend kann unsere Zelle wounder Forscher bieten mit einer benutzerfreundlichen und reproduzierbare Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Zellmigration Test, um die Standard-96-Well-Kulturplatte verwendet.

Dieser 8-Kanal-mechanische wounder ist so konstruiert, eine Zellschicht, um Kratzer auf der Zellmigration Test durchzuführen. Es ist ein benutzerfreundliches Gerät, das Zell Kratzen Assays in 96-Well-Platten in weniger als einer Minute ohne spezielles Training durchführen können. Diese wounder können Wundflächen auf Zellmonoschichten mit einer gleichmßigen Breite von etwa 600 um und mit scharfen Kanten (5 und 6) einzuführen. Die Breite der Wunden...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Device for Performing Cell Migration/Wound Healing in a 96-Well Plate at JoVE.com

A Device for Performing Cell Migration/Wound Healing in a 96-Well Plate

Hier stellen wir ein Protokoll eine halb hohem Durchsatz Zellmigrationsassay auf einer 96-well Zellkulturplatte durchzuführen. Dieses Protokoll ist eine schnelle, einfache und wirtschaftliche Verfahren in Übereinstimmung Kratzwunden auf einer Zell-Monoschicht zu erzeugen.

Eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung Zellmigration / Wundheilung in einer 96-Well-Platte

The cell migration/wounding assay is a commonly used method to study cell migration and other biological processes, such as angiogenesis and tumor ...

a-device-for-performing-cell-migrationwound-healing-in-a-96-well-plate

Research

JoVE Journal

Developmental Biology

10.4K Aufrufe.  Hong Kong Baptist University.  Hier stellen wir ein Protokoll eine halb hohem Durchsatz Zellmigrationsassay auf einer 96-well Zellkulturplatte durchzuführen. Dieses Protokoll ist eine schnelle, einfache und wirtschaftliche Verfahren in Übereinstimmung Kratzwunden auf einer Zell-Monoschicht zu erzeugen. 

Serie: A Device for Performing Cell Migration/Wound Healing in a 96-Well Plate

Understanding Early Organogenesis Using a Simplified In Situ Hybridization Protocol in Xenopus

Organogenesis is the study of how organs are specified and then acquire their specific shape and functions during development. The Xenopuslaevis embryo is very useful for studying organogenesis because their large size makes them very suitable for identifying organs at the earliest steps in organogenesis. At this time, the primary method used for identifying a specific organ or primordium is whole mount in situ hybridization with labeled antisense RNA probes specific to a gene that is expressed in the organ of interest. In addition, it is relatively easy to manipulate genes or signaling pathways in Xenopus and in situ hybridization allows one to then assay for changes in the presence or morphology of a target organ. Whole mount in situ hybridization is a multi-day protocol with many steps involved. Here we provide a simplified protocol with reduced numbers of steps and reagents used that works well for routine assays. In situ hybridization robots have greatly facilitated the process and we detail how and when we utilize that technology in the process. Once an in situ hybridization is complete, capturing the best image of the result can be frustrating. We provide advice on how to optimize imaging of in situ hybridization results. Although the protocol describes assessing organogenesis in Xenopus laevis, the same basic protocol can almost certainly be adapted to Xenopus tropicalis and other model systems.

Understanding Early Organogenesis Using a Simplified In Situ Hybridization Protocol in Xenopus

The Xenopus laevis embryo continues to be exceptionally useful in the study of early development due to its large size and ease of manipulation. A simplified protocol for whole mount in situ hybridization protocol is provided that can be used in the identification of specific organs in this model system.

Das Verständnis frühen Organogenese das vereinfachte<em&gt; In-situ-</em&gt; Hybridisierung Protokoll<em&gt; Xenopus</em

Organogenesis is the study of how organs are specified and then acquire their specific shape and functions during development.  The Xenopuslaevis embryo ...

Forschung

Entwicklungsbiologie

Automated Quantification of Hematopoietic Cell &#8211; Stromal Cell Interactions in Histological Images of Undecalcified Bone

Confocal microscopy is the method of choice for the analysis of localization of multiple cell types within complex tissues such as the bone marrow. However, the analysis and quantification of cellular localization is difficult, as in many cases it relies on manual counting, thus bearing the risk of introducing a rater-dependent bias and reducing interrater reliability. Moreover, it is often difficult to judge whether the co-localization between two cells results from random positioning, especially when cell types differ strongly in the frequency of their occurrence. Here, a method for unbiased quantification of cellular co-localization in the bone marrow is introduced. The protocol describes the sample preparation used to obtain histological sections of whole murine long bones including the bone marrow, as well as the staining protocol and the acquisition of high-resolution images. An analysis workflow spanning from the recognition of hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cell types in 2-dimensional (2D) bone marrow images to the quantification of the direct contacts between those cells is presented. This also includes a neighborhood analysis, to obtain information about the cellular microenvironment surrounding a certain cell type. In order to evaluate whether co-localization of two cell types is the mere result of random cell positioning or reflects preferential associations between the cells, a simulation tool which is suitable for testing this hypothesis in the case of hematopoietic as well as stromal cells, is used. This approach is not limited to the bone marrow, and can be extended to other tissues to permit reproducible, quantitative analysis of histological data.

A strategy to quantitatively analyze histological data in the bone marrow is presented. Confocal microscopy of fluorescently labeled cells in tissue sections results in 2-dimensional images, which are automatically analyzed. Co-localization analyses of different cell types are compared to data from simulated images, giving quantitative information about cellular interactions.

Automatisierte Quantifizierung Hämatopoetische Zell - Stromal Cell Interactions in histologische Bilder unentkalkte Knochen

Confocal microscopy is the method of choice for the analysis of localization of multiple cell types within complex tissues such as the bone marrow. ...

Scalable 96-well Plate Based iPSC Culture and Production Using a Robotic Liquid Handling System

Continued advancement in pluripotent stem cell culture is closing the gap between bench and bedside for using these cells in regenerative medicine, drug discovery and safety testing. In order to produce stem cell derived biopharmaceutics and cells for tissue engineering and transplantation, a cost-effective cell-manufacturing technology is essential. Maintenance of pluripotency and stable performance of cells in downstream applications (e.g., cell differentiation) over time is paramount to large scale cell production. Yet that can be difficult to achieve especially if cells are cultured manually where the operator can introduce significant variability as well as be prohibitively expensive to scale-up. To enable high-throughput, large-scale stem cell production and remove operator influence novel stem cell culture protocols using a bench-top multi-channel liquid handling robot were developed that require minimal technician involvement or experience. With these protocols human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were cultured in feeder-free conditions directly from a frozen stock and maintained in 96-well plates. Depending on cell line and desired scale-up rate, the operator can easily determine when to passage based on a series of images showing the optimal colony densities for splitting. Then the necessary reagents are prepared to perform a colony split to new plates without a centrifugation step. After 20 passages (~3 months), two iPSC lines maintained stable karyotypes, expressed stem cell markers, and differentiated into cardiomyocytes with high efficiency. The system can perform subsequent high-throughput screening of new differentiation protocols or genetic manipulation designed for 96-well plates. This technology will reduce the labor and technical burden to produce large numbers of identical stem cells for a myriad of applications.

The protocols described allow laboratories to perform scalable, adherent stem cell culture in high throughput with minimal labor, experience and equipment investment cost using a programmable liquid handling robot and 96-well plates. iPSCs passaged more than 20 times on this system maintained pluripotency, normal karyotypes and differentiated into cardiomyocytes.

Scalable Platte mit 96 Vertiefungen Basierend iPSC Kultur und Produktion Mit einem Robotic Flüssigkeitshandhabungssystem

Continued advancement in pluripotent stem cell culture is closing the gap between bench and bedside for using these cells in regenerative medicine, drug ...

Establishment of a Clinically Relevant Ex Vivo Mock Cataract Surgery Model for Investigating Epithelial Wound Repair in a Native Microenvironment

The major impediment to understanding how an epithelial tissue executes wound repair is the limited availability of models in which it is possible to follow and manipulate the wound response ex vivo in an environment that closely mimics that of epithelial tissue injury in vivo. This issue was addressed by creating a clinically relevant epithelial ex vivo injury-repair model based on cataract surgery. In this culture model, the response of the lens epithelium to wounding can be followed live in the cells&#8217; native microenvironment, and the molecular mediators of wound repair easily manipulated during the repair process. To prepare the cultures, lenses are removed from the eye and a small incision is made in the anterior of the lens from which the inner mass of lens fiber cells is removed. This procedure creates a circular wound on the posterior lens capsule, the thick basement membrane that surrounds the lens. This wound area where the fiber cells were attached is located just adjacent to a continuous monolayer of lens epithelial cells that remains linked to the lens capsule during the surgical procedure. The wounded epithelium, the cell type from which fiber cells are derived during development, responds to the injury of fiber cell removal by moving collectively across the wound area, led by a population of vimentin-rich repair cells whose mesenchymal progenitors are endogenous to the lens1. These properties are typical of a normal epithelial wound healing response. In this model, as in vivo, wound repair is dependent on signals supplied by the endogenous environment that is uniquely maintained in this ex vivo culture system, providing an ideal opportunity for discovery of the mechanisms that regulate repair of an epithelium following wounding.

Establishment of a Clinically Relevant Ex Vivo Mock Cataract Surgery Model for Investigating Epithelial Wound Repair in a Native Microenvironment

Described here is the establishment of a clinically relevant ex vivo mock cataract surgery model that can be used to investigate mechanisms of the injury response of epithelial tissues within their native microenvironment.

Einrichtung von einem klinisch relevanten<em&gt; Ex Vivo</em&gt; Mock Kataraktchirurgie Modell zur Untersuchung von epithelialen Wundheilung in einer nativen Mikromilieu

The major impediment to understanding how an epithelial tissue executes wound repair is the limited availability of models in which it is possible to ...

Microinjection for Transgenesis and Genome Editing in Threespine Sticklebacks

The threespine stickleback fish has emerged as a powerful system to study the genetic basis of a wide variety of morphological, physiological, and behavioral phenotypes. The remarkably diverse phenotypes that have evolved as marine populations adapt to countless freshwater environments, combined with the ability to cross marine and freshwater forms, provide a rare vertebrate system in which genetics can be used to map genomic regions controlling evolved traits. Excellent genomic resources are now available, facilitating molecular genetic dissection of evolved changes. While mapping experiments generate lists of interesting candidate genes, functional genetic manipulations are required to test the roles of these genes. Gene regulation can be studied with transgenic reporter plasmids and BACs integrated into the genome using the Tol2 transposase system. Functions of specific candidate genes and cis-regulatory elements can be assessed by inducing targeted mutations with TALEN and CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing reagents. All methods require introducing nucleic acids into fertilized one-cell stickleback embryos, a task made challenging by the thick chorion of stickleback embryos and the relatively small and thin blastomere. Here, a detailed protocol for microinjection of nucleic acids into stickleback embryos is described for transgenic and genome editing applications to study gene expression and function, as well as techniques to assess the success of transgenesis and recover stable lines.

Transgenic manipulations and genome editing are critical for functionally testing the roles of genes and cis-regulatory elements. Here a detailed microinjection protocol for the generation of genomic modifications (including Tol2-mediated fluorescent reporter transgene constructs, TALENs, and CRISPRs) is presented for the emergent model fish, the threespine stickleback.

Mikroinjektions für Transgenese und Genome Editing in Threespine Stichlinge

The threespine stickleback fish has emerged as a powerful system to study the genetic basis of a wide variety of morphological, physiological, and ...

Adenoviral Gene Therapy for Diabetic Keratopathy: Effects on Wound Healing and Stem Cell Marker Expression in Human Organ-cultured Corneas and Limbal Epithelial Cells

The goal of this protocol is to describe molecular alterations in human diabetic corneas and demonstrate how they can be alleviated by adenoviral gene therapy in organ-cultured corneas. The diabetic corneal disease is a complication of diabetes with frequent abnormalities of corneal nerves and epithelial wound healing. We have also documented significantly altered expression of several putative epithelial stem cell markers in human diabetic corneas. To alleviate these changes, adenoviral gene therapy was successfully implemented using the upregulation of c-met proto-oncogene expression and/or the downregulation of proteinases matrix metalloproteinase-10 (MMP-10) and cathepsin F. This therapy accelerated wound healing in diabetic corneas even when only the limbal stem cell compartment was transduced. The best results were obtained with combined treatment. For possible patient transplantation of normalized stem cells, an example is also presented of the optimization of gene transduction in stem cell-enriched cultures using polycationic enhancers. This approach may be useful not only for the selected genes but also for the other mediators of corneal epithelial wound healing and stem cell function.

An example of adenoviral gene therapy in the human diabetic organ-cultured corneas is presented towards the normalization of delayed wound healing and markedly reduced epithelial stem cell marker expression in these corneas. It also describes the optimization of this process in stem cell-enriched limbal epithelial cultures.

Adenoviralen Gentherapie für diabetische Keratopathie: Auswirkungen auf die Wundheilung und Zellmarker Expression in Human Organ kultivierten Hornhäute und Limbale Epithelial Stammzellen

The goal of this protocol is to describe molecular alterations in human diabetic corneas and demonstrate how they can be alleviated by adenoviral gene ...

Rapid Isolation of BMPR-IB+ Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells for Use in a Calvarial Defect Healing Model

Invasive cancers, major injuries, and infection can cause bone defects that are too large to be reconstructed with preexisting bone from the patient's own body. The ability to grow bone de novo using a patient's own cells would allow bony defects to be filled with adequate tissue without the morbidity of harvesting native bone. There is interest in the use of adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) as a source for tissue engineering because these are obtained from an abundant source: the patient's own adipose tissue. However, ASCs are a heterogeneous population and some subpopulations may be more effective in this application than others. Isolation of the most osteogenic population of ASCs could improve the efficiency and effectiveness of a bone engineering process. In this protocol, ASCs are obtained from subcutaneous fat tissue from a human donor. The subpopulation of ASCs expressing the marker BMPR-IB is isolated using FACS. These cells are then applied to an in vivo calvarial defect healing assay and are found to have improved osteogenic regenerative potential compared with unsorted cells.

Adipose-derived stromal cells may be useful for engineering new tissue from a patient's own cells. We present a protocol for the isolation of a subpopulation of human adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) with increased osteogenic potential, followed by application of the cells in an in vivo calvarial healing assay.

Schnelle Isolierung von BMPR-IB + Fettgewebe gewonnene Stromazellen für die Verwendung in einem Schädeldachdefektheilung Modell

Invasive cancers, major injuries, and infection can cause bone defects that are too large to be reconstructed with preexisting bone from the patient's own ...

A Novel Mammary Fat Pad Transplantation Technique to Visualize the Vessel Generation of Vascular Endothelial Stem Cells

Endothelial cells (ECs) are the fundamental building blocks of the vascular architecture and mediate vascular growth and remodeling to ensure proper vessel development and homeostasis. However, studies on endothelial lineage hierarchy remain elusive due to the lack of tools to gain access as well as to directly evaluate their behavior in vivo. To address this shortcoming, a new tissue model to study angiogenesis using the mammary fat pad has been developed. The mammary gland develops mostly in the postnatal stages, including puberty and pregnancy, during which robust epithelium proliferation is accompanied by extensive vascular remodeling. Mammary fat pads provide space, matrix, and rich angiogenic stimuli from the growing mammary epithelium. Furthermore, mammary fat pads are located outside the peritoneal cavity, making them an easily accessible grafting site for assessing the angiogenic potential of exogenous cells. This work also describes an efficient tracing approach using fluorescent reporter mice to specifically label the targeted population of vascular endothelial stem cells (VESCs) in vivo. This lineage tracing method, coupled with subsequent tissue whole-mount microscopy, enable the direct visualization of targeted cells and their descendants, through which the proliferation capability can be quantified and the differentiation commitment can be fate-mapped. Using these methods, a population of bipotent protein C receptor (Procr) expressing VESCs has recently been identified in multiple vascular systems. Procr+ VESCs, giving rise to both new ECs and pericytes, actively contribute to angiogenesis during development, homeostasis, and injury repair. Overall, this manuscript describes a new mammary fat pad transplantation and in vivo lineage tracing techniques that can be used to evaluate the stem cell properties of VESCs.

This work demonstrates a novel approach to assess the proliferation, differentiation, and vessel-forming potential of vascular endothelial stem cells (VESCs) through mammary fat pad transplantation followed by whole-mount tissue preparation for microscopic observation. A lineage tracing strategy to investigate the behavior of VESCs in vivo is also presented.

Eine neuartige Mamma-Fat-Pad-Transplantationstechnik zur Visualisierung der Gefäßerzeugung von vaskulären endothelialen Stammzellen

Endothelial cells (ECs) are the fundamental building blocks of the vascular architecture and mediate vascular growth and remodeling to ensure proper ...

Generation of Scaffold-free, Three-dimensional Insulin Expressing Pancreatoids from Mouse Pancreatic Progenitors In Vitro

The pancreas is a complex organ composed of many different cell types that work together to regulate blood glucose homeostasis and digestion. These cell types include enzyme-secreting acinar cells, an arborized ductal system responsible for the transportation of enzymes to the gut, and hormone-producing endocrine cells. 
Endocrine beta-cells are the sole cell type in the body that produce insulin to lower blood glucose levels. Diabetes, a disease characterized by a loss or the dysfunction of beta-cells, is reaching epidemic proportions. Thus, it is essential to establish protocols to investigate beta-cell development that can be used for screening purposes to derive the drug and cell-based therapeutics. While the experimental investigation of mouse development is essential, in vivo studies are laborious and time-consuming. Cultured cells provide a more convenient platform for screening; however, they are unable to maintain the cellular diversity, architectural organization, and cellular interactions found in vivo. Thus, it is essential to develop new tools to investigate pancreatic organogenesis and physiology.
Pancreatic epithelial cells develop in the close association with mesenchyme from the onset of organogenesis as cells organize and differentiate into the complex, physiologically competent adult organ. The pancreatic mesenchyme provides important signals for the endocrine development, many of which are not well understood yet, thus difficult to recapitulate during the in vitro culture. Here, we describe a protocol to culture three-dimensional, cellular complex mouse organoids that retain mesenchyme, termed pancreatoids. The e10.5 murine pancreatic bud is dissected, dissociated, and cultured in a scaffold-free environment. These floating cells self-assemble with mesenchyme enveloping the developing pancreatoid and a robust number of endocrine beta-cells developing along with the acinar and the duct cells. This system can be used to study the cell fate determination, structural organization, and morphogenesis, cell-cell interactions during organogenesis, or for the drug, small molecule, or genetic screening.

Generation of Scaffold-free, Three-dimensional Insulin Expressing Pancreatoids from Mouse Pancreatic Progenitors In Vitro

Here, we present a protocol to generate insulin expressing 3D murine pancreatoids from free-floating e10.5 dissociated pancreatic progenitors and the associated mesenchyme.

Generation von Gerüst-frei, dreidimensionale Insulin mit dem Ausdruck Pancreatoids vom Maus Pankreas Stammväter In-vitro-

The pancreas is a complex organ composed of many different cell types that work together to regulate blood glucose homeostasis and digestion. These cell ...

Visualizing the Node and Notochordal Plate In Gastrulating Mouse Embryos Using Scanning Electron Microscopy and Whole Mount Immunofluorescence

The post-implantation mouse embryo undergoes major shape changes after the initiation of gastrulation and morphogenesis. A hallmark of morphogenesis is the formation of the transient organizers, the node and notochordal plate, from cells that have passed through the primitive streak. The proper formation of these signaling centers is essential for the development of the body plan and techniques to visualize them are of high interest to mouse developmental biologists. The node and notochordal plate lie on the ventral surface of gastrulating mouse embryos around embryonic day (E) 7.5 of development. The node is a cup-shaped structure whose cells possess a single slender cilium each. The proper subcellular localization and rotation of the cilia in the node pit determines left-right asymmetry. The notochordal plate cells also possess single cilia albeit shorter than those of the node cells. The notochordal plate forms the notochord which acts as an important signaling organizer for somitogenesis and neural patterning. Because the cells of the node and notochordal plate are transiently present on the surface and possess cilia, they can be visualized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Among other techniques used to visualize these structures at the cellular level is whole mount immunofluorescence (WMIF) using the antibodies against the proteins that are highly expressed in the node and notochordal plate. In this report, we describe our optimized protocols to perform SEM and WMIF of the node and notochordal plate in developing mouse embryos to help in the assessment of tissue shape and cellular organization in wild-type and gastrulation mutant embryos.

The node and notochordal plate are transient signaling organizers in developing mouse embryos that can be visualized using several techniques. Here, we describe in detail how to perform two of the techniques to study their structure and morphogenesis: 1) scanning electron microscopy (SEM); and 2) whole mount immunofluorescence (WMIF).

Visualisierung der Knoten und Notochordal Platte In Gastrulating Maus-Embryonen mittels Rasterelektronenmikroskopie und ganze Mount Immunfluoreszenz

The post-implantation mouse embryo undergoes major shape changes after the initiation of gastrulation and morphogenesis. A hallmark of morphogenesis is ...