inducing-hairy-roots-agrobacterium-rhizogenes-mediated-transformation

Inducing Hairy Roots by <em>Agrobacterium rhizogenes</em>-Mediated Transformation in Tartary Buckwheat (<em>Fagopyrum tataricum</em>)

Tartary buckwheat (TB) [Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn] possesses various biological and pharmacological activities because it contains abundant ...

China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences

China Academy Of Chinese Medical Sciences

Global biodiversity is strongly influenced by the decrease in endangered biological species. Predicting the distribution of endangered medicinal plants is necessary for resource conservation. A spatial distribution model-geographic information system for global medicinal plants (GMPGIS)-is used to predict the global potential suitable distribution of four endangered  species, including  and  distributed in low- and middle-latitude,  and  in low-latitude regions of China based on seven bioclimatic variables and 600 occurrence points. Results indicate that areas of  and  are 266.29 × 10⁵ and 77.5 × 10⁵ km², respectively, which are mainly distributed in China and America. By contrast, the areas of  and  are 5.09 × 10⁵ and 2.05 × 10⁵ km², respectively, which are mainly distributed in Brazil and China.  has the widest distribution among the four species. The data also indicate that the mean temperature of coldest quarter is the most critical factor. This scientific prediction can be used as reference for resource conservation of endangered plants and as a guide to search for endangered species in previously unknown areas.

Predicting the Global Potential Distribution of Four Endangered Panax Species in Middle-and Low-Latitude Regions of China by the Geographic Information System for Global Medicinal Plants (GMPGIS).

 plants are relevant officinal and ornamental species that are native in Eastern Asia, and they are the main sources of shikimic acid. Shikimic acid is an important component of Tamiflu, which is recognized for its ability to resist avian influenza by the World Health Organization. To determine areas where 15  species can be grown and to understand the importance of species diversity, we should enhance the prediction of suitable areas.

Global ecological regionalization of 15  species: nature sources of shikimic acid.

The genus , which contains about 30 species around the world and seven species in China, is the source of the medicinal plant , which is commonly used as a hemostatic agent as well as to treat burns and scalds. Here we report the complete chloroplast (cp) genome sequences of four  species (, , , and  var. ). These four  cp genomes exhibit typical quadripartite and circular structures, and are 154,282 to 155,479 bp in length, consisting of large single-copy regions (LSC; 84,405⁻85,557 bp), small single-copy regions (SSC; 18,550⁻18,768 bp), and a pair of inverted repeats (IRs; 25,576⁻25,615 bp). The average GC content was ~37.24%. The four  cp genomes harbored 112 different genes arranged in the same order; these identical sections include 78 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA genes, and four rRNA genes, if duplicated genes in IR regions are counted only once. A total of 39⁻53 long repeats and 79⁻91 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were identified in the four  cp genomes, which provides opportunities for future studies of the population genetics of  medicinal plants. A phylogenetic analysis using the maximum parsimony (MP) method strongly supports a close relationship between  and  var. , followed by , and finally . The availability of these cp genomes provides valuable genetic information for future studies of  identification and provides insights into the evolution of the genus .

Complete Chloroplast Genomes from : Identity and Variation Among Four Species.

Diosgenin, mainly extracted from wild diosgenin-contained  species, is a well-known starting material of steroidal and contraceptive drugs. However, due to large market demand and increasingly ecological damage, wild  species resources available have been gradually declining. Therefore, identification of new potential ecological distribution of diosgenin-contained  species is necessary for diosgenin production.

Predicting the potential global distribution of diosgenin-contained  species.

The endangered rate of medicinal plant exceeds that of endangered plant species. However, blindly introducing medicinal plants in regions without comprehensively considering the involved environmental factors results in diseases and insect pests and the consequent overproof pesticide residue as well as reduces the quality of herbal medicine produced.

Xiangxiao Meng

Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine,
Institute of Chinese Materia Medica,
Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica

China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences

Inducing Hairy Roots by Agrobacterium rhizogenes-Mediated Transformation in Tartary Buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum)