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Chapter 11

Дополнительные роли РНК

Ослабление транскрипции у прокариот
Ослабление транскрипции у прокариот
Transcriptional attenuation occurs when RNA transcription is prematurely terminated due to the formation of a terminator mRNA hairpin ...
Рибопереключатели
Рибопереключатели
Riboswitches are non-coding mRNA domains that regulate the transcription and translation of downstream genes without the help of proteins. Riboswitches ...
Редактирование РНК
Редактирование РНК
RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification where a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) nucleotide sequence is changed by base insertion, deletion, or ...
Регулируемый транспорт мРНК
Регулируемый транспорт мРНК
In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are compartmentalized; an mRNA is first synthesized in the nucleus and then selectively transported to the ...
Сканирование с утечками
Сканирование с утечками
During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG ...
Стабильность мРНК и экспрессия генов
Стабильность мРНК и экспрессия генов
The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the ...
РНК интерференция
РНК интерференция
RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its ...
МикроРНК
МикроРНК
MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA ...
миРНК - малые интерферирующие РНК
миРНК - малые интерферирующие РНК
Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional ...
piRNA - Piwi-взаимодействующие РНК
piRNA - Piwi-взаимодействующие РНК
PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while ...
CRISPR и crRNA
CRISPR и crRNA
Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect ...
lncRNA - длинные некодирующие РНК (Рибозим-лигаза класса I)
lncRNA - длинные некодирующие РНК (Рибозим-лигаза класса I)
In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding ...
Рибозимы
Рибозимы
The term ribozyme is used for RNA that can act as an enzyme. Ribozymes are mainly found in selected viruses, bacteria, plant organelles, and lower ...
Условия на ранней Земле
Условия на ранней Земле
Around 4 billion years ago, oceans began to condense on earth while volcanic eruptions released nitrogen, carbon dioxide, methane, ammonia, and hydrogen ...
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