Эта работа была поддержана исследовательский грант от министерства образования, культуры, спорта, науки и технологии Японии (KAKENHI) для К.Х. (#15 K 01691), Ю.Ф (#15 K 08625), к.ю. (#26461532) и Грант для изучения сложных заболеваний проекта от министерства Здравоохранения, труда и социального обеспечения (к.ю. #201510032A). Мы благодарим группу Edanz (www.edanzediting.com/ac) для редактирования проекта этой рукописи.

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	<li>Huitema, K., van den Dikkenberg, J., Brouwers, J. F., Holthuis, J. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Identification+of+a+family+of+animal+sphingomyelin+synthases.">Identification of a family of animal sphingomyelin synthases.</a> EMBO J. 23 (1), 33-44 (2004).</li><li>Kihara, Y., Mizuno, H., Chun, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Lysophospholipid+receptors+in+drug+discovery.">Lysophospholipid receptors in drug discovery.</a> Exp Cell Res. 333 (2), 171-177 (2015).</li><li>Kihara, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Synthesis+and+degradation+pathways,+functions,+and+pathology+of+ceramides+and+epidermal+acylceramides.">Synthesis and degradation pathways, functions, and pathology of ceramides and epidermal acylceramides.</a> Prog Lipid Res. 63, 50-69 (2016).</li><li>Merrill, A. H., Sullards, M. C., Allegood, J. C., Kelly, S., Wang, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sphingolipidomics:+high-throughput,+structure-specific,+and+quantitative+analysis+of+sphingolipids+by+liquid+chromatography+tandem+mass+spectrometry.">Sphingolipidomics: high-throughput, structure-specific, and quantitative analysis of sphingolipids by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.</a> Methods. 36 (2), 207-224 (2005).</li><li>Houjou, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rapid+and+selective+identification+of+molecular+species+in+phosphatidylcholine+and+sphingomyelin+by+conditional+neutral+loss+scanning+and+MS3.">Rapid and selective identification of molecular species in phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin by conditional neutral loss scanning and MS3.</a> Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 18 (24), 3123-3130 (2004).</li><li>Hama, K., Fujiwara, Y., Tabata, H., Takahashi, H., Yokoyama, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comprehensive+Quantitation+Using+Two+Stable+Isotopically+Labeled+Species+and+Direct+Detection+of+N-Acyl+Moiety+of+Sphingomyelin.">Comprehensive Quantitation Using Two Stable Isotopically Labeled Species and Direct Detection of N-Acyl Moiety of Sphingomyelin.</a> Lipids. , (2017).</li><li>Bligh, E. G., Dyer, W. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+rapid+method+of+total+lipid+extraction+and+purification.">A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification.</a> Can. J. Biochem. Physiol. 37, 911-917 (1959).</li><li>Gu, H., Liu, G., Wang, J., Aubry, A. F., Arnold, M. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Selecting+the+correct+weighting+factors+for+linear+and+quadratic+calibration+curves+with+least-squares+regression+algorithm+in+bioanalytical+LC-MS/MS+assays+and+impacts+of+using+incorrect+weighting+factors+on+curve+stability,+data+quality,+and+assay+performance.">Selecting the correct weighting factors for linear and quadratic calibration curves with least-squares regression algorithm in bioanalytical LC-MS/MS assays and impacts of using incorrect weighting factors on curve stability, data quality, and assay performance.</a> Anal Chem. 86 (18), 8959-8966 (2014).</li><li>Folch, J., Lees, M., Sloane Stanley, G. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+simple+method+for+the+isolation+and+purification+of+total+lipides+from+animal+tissues.">A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipides from animal tissues.</a> J Biol Chem. 226 (1), 497-509 (1957).</li><li>Thomas, M. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ozone-induced+dissociation:+elucidation+of+double+bond+position+within+mass-selected+lipid+ions.">Ozone-induced dissociation: elucidation of double bond position within mass-selected lipid ions.</a> Anal Chem. 80 (1), 303-311 (2008).</li><li>Baba, T., Campbell, J. L., Le Blanc, J. C., Baker, P. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In-depth+sphingomyelin+characterization+using+electron+impact+excitation+of+ions+from+organics+and+mass+spectrometry.">In-depth sphingomyelin characterization using electron impact excitation of ions from organics and mass spectrometry.</a> J Lipid Res. 57 (5), 858-867 (2016).</li><li>Ryan, E., Nguyen, C. Q. N., Shiea, C., Reid, G. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Detailed+Structural+Characterization+of+Sphingolipids+via+193+nm+Ultraviolet+Photodissociation+and+Ultra+High+Resolution+Tandem+Mass+Spectrometry.">Detailed Structural Characterization of Sphingolipids via 193 nm Ultraviolet Photodissociation and Ultra High Resolution Tandem Mass Spectrometry.</a> J Am Soc Mass Spectrom. , (2017).</li><li>Pham, H. T., Ly, T., Trevitt, A. J., Mitchell, T. W., Blanksby, S. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Differentiation+of+complex+lipid+isomers+by+radical-directed+dissociation+mass+spectrometry.">Differentiation of complex lipid isomers by radical-directed dissociation mass spectrometry.</a> Anal Chem. 84 (17), 7525-7532 (2012).</li></ol>

Авторы заявляют, что они имеют никакого конфликта интересов.

В настоящий качественный метод, мы получили MS3 продукта ионов SPC и N-ацил остаток. Важно, чтобы правильно назначить SPC и N-ацил остаток. В этой связи следует отметить, что другие молекулы, содержащие фосфорилхолин также могут быть обнаружены как MS3 продукта ионов. Diacyl ф?...

Сфингомиелин (SM) является общим Сфинголипиды в mammalian клетках. SM-синтезированных внутриклеточно1 и настоящего как прекурсор для других Сфинголипиды, такие как сфингозин-1-фосфата и керамиды, которые имеют решающую роль в иммунной клетки оборота и кожи барьер гомеостаза, соответственно2, 3. Таким образом точный анализ метаболизма SM имеет важное значение для выяснения роли физиологических и патологических Сфинголипиды.
SM состоит из церамида и фосфорилхолин, что связано с 1-гидрокси группы Церамид, которая также состоит из сфингозин и N-ацил остаток. Различные количества углерода и двойную связь в сфингозин и N-ацил общие результаты количество Церамид (и SM) видов. Последние достижения в LC-ЭСИ-MS/MS позволило количественный и качественный анализ SM4,5. В качественном анализе количество углерода и двойные скрепления сфингоидные LCB SM была определена путем назначения продукта Ион спектры LCB. Однако структурная информация N-ацил остаток не было получено непосредственно, потому что его соответствующего продукта ионов не сообщалось и поэтому N-ацил постановление были выведены дифференциального анализа между ионами прекурсоров и ионы продукт, соответствующий LCB в обоих режимах положительных и отрицательных ионов4,5. В настоящем докладе, мы представляем метод для обнаружения продукта ионов LCB и N-ацил группу одновременно в режиме3 МС, с помощью тройной квадрупольного и квадрупольного линейной ионной ловушки масс-спектрометрии, который облегчает точное структурных спекуляции каждого вида SM6.
Ион подавления (или повышение) эффекты, вызванные матрицы в биологических образцах затрудняют точную количественную оценку в анализе LC-ЭСИ-MS, и поэтому, желательно строить калибровочные кривые для всех аналитов интерес в матрице идентичные в биологическом образце. Однако эта стратегия не возможно, потому что это почти невозможно для подготовки всех видов SM в биологических образцах, особенно в всеобъемлющего анализа. Таким образом это практично для построения калибровочной кривой и определения количественного диапазона с помощью представительных видов SM шипами в биологических образцах. Мы использовали два вида гетерогенны помечены SM для построения калибровочной кривой; один был использован для внутреннего стандарта и другой для соединения стандарта. Мы обнаружили небольшое количество гетерогенны помечены SM видов как стандартное соединение с шипами в биологических образцах и успешно получил калибровочной кривой и количественного диапазона6.

<table><tbody><tr><td>PBS</td><td>ThermoFisher</td><td>10010023</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>100 mm tissue culture dish</td><td>IWAKI</td><td>3020-100</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cell scraper</td><td>IWAKI</td><td>9000-220</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Siliconized 2.0 mL tube</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>02-681-321</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Test tube</td><td>IWAKI</td><td>TST SCR 16-100</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Teflon-lined screw cap</td><td>IWAKI</td><td>9998CAP415-15</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Disposable glass tube</td><td>IWAKI</td><td>9832-1310</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>CAPCELL PAK C18 ACR 3 &amp;micro;m 1.5 mm I.D. x 100 mm</td><td>Shiseido</td><td>92223</td><td>Guard cartridge is inserted into cartridge holder, and linked to C18 column</td></tr><tr><td>CAPCELL C18 MGII S-3 2.0 mm x 10 mm GUARD CARTRIDGE</td><td>Shiseido</td><td>12197</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cartridge holder</td><td>Shiseido</td><td>12415</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Acetonitrile</td><td>Wako</td><td>018-19853</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2-Propanol (Isopropyl Alcohol)</td><td>Wako</td><td>161-09163</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Methanol</td><td>Wako</td><td>134-14523</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Formic acid</td><td>Wako</td><td>066-00466</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>28% Ammonia water</td><td>Wako</td><td>016-03146</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sonicator (bath type)</td><td>SHARP</td><td>UT-206H</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Vortex mixer for glass test tube</td><td>TAITEC</td><td>Mix-EVR</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1.4 mL glass vial</td><td>Tomsic</td><td>500-1982</td><td>Samples are stored in 1.4 mL glass vial sealed with screw cap and 8 mm septum at -20&amp;deg;C</td></tr><tr><td>8 mm septum</td><td>Tomsic</td><td>200-3322</td><td>When samples are analyzed, screw caps are replaced with screw caps with slit septum</td></tr><tr><td>Screw cap for 1.4 mm glass vial</td><td>Tomsic</td><td>500-2762</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Screw cap with slit septum</td><td>Shimadzu GLC</td><td>GLCTV-803</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>PVDF 0.22 &amp;micro;m filter</td><td>Millipore</td><td>SLGVR04NL</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Triple quadrupole and quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometry</td><td>SCIEX</td><td>QTRAP4500</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>The software for data acquisition and analysis of product ion spectra</td><td>SCIEX</td><td>Analyst</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>The software for data integration in quantitative analysis</td><td>SCIEX</td><td>MultiQuant</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>HPLC system</td><td>Shimadzu</td><td>Nexera</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Glass bottle</td><td>Sansyo</td><td>85-0002</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>d18:1/24:0 sphingomyelin</td><td>Avanti Polar Lipids</td><td>860592P</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sphingosylphosphorylcholine</td><td>Merck</td><td>567735</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Fetal bovine serum</td><td>ThermoFisher&amp;nbsp;</td><td>26140079</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>L-glutamine</td><td>ThermoFisher&amp;nbsp;</td><td>25030081</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Penicillin and streptomycin</td><td>Sigma</td><td>P4333</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Eagle&amp;rsquo;s minimum essential medium</td><td>Sigma</td><td>M4655</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

quantitative and qualitative method for sphingomyelin by lc-ms using two stable isotopically labeled sphingomyelin species

Мы представляем метод анализа сфингомиелин (SM) качественно и количественно жидкого хроматографии электроспрей ионизации тандем масс-спектрометрия (LC-ЭСИ-МС/МС). SM является общей Сфинголипиды, состоящий из фосфорилхолин и Церамид как компонент гидрофильные и гидрофобные, соответственно. Ряд видов SM присутствуют в клетках млекопитающих из-за разнообразия в сфингоидные длинной цепи базы (LCB) и N-ацил группу в составе Церамид. В настоящем докладе, мы показываем метод оценки количество углерода и двойных связей в LCB и N-ацил группу на основе их соответствующего продукта ионов в экспериментах MS/MS/MS (3МС). Кроме того мы представляем метод количественного анализа для SM с использованием двух стабильных гетерогенны помечены SM видов, что облегчает определение диапазона, используемые в SM количественный. Нынешний метод будет полезным при характеристике различных видов SM в биологических образцов и промышленных продуктов, таких как косметика.

Химически синтезированных d18:1 / см (рис. 1A) и d18:1 24:0 / 24:0 SM в образцах липидов, извлеченные из клеток HeLa (рис. 1Б) были проанализированы LC-ЭСИ-МС3 использованием [M + HCOO]– и [M-CH3]- как первый и второй преку...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Quantitative and Qualitative Method for Sphingomyelin by LC-MS Using Two Stable Isotopically Labeled Sphingomyelin Species at JoVE.com

Quantitative and Qualitative Method for Sphingomyelin by LC-MS Using Two Stable Isotopically Labeled Sphingomyelin Species

Количественные и качественные метод сфингомиелин, LC-MS, с использованием двух стабильных гетерогенны помечены виды сфингомиелин

Здесь мы представляем протокол для количественного определения и квалификацию каждого вида сфингомиелин, используя несколько мониторинг реакции и МС/МС/МС режим, соответственно.

We present a method of analyzing sphingomyelin (SM) qualitatively and quantitatively by liquid chromatography-electrospray Ionization-tandem mass ...

quantitative-qualitative-method-for-sphingomyelin-lc-ms-using-two

Research

JoVE Journal

Biochemistry

9.7K Views.  Teikyo University. Здесь мы представляем протокол для количественного определения и квалификацию каждого вида сфингомиелин, используя несколько мониторинг реакции и МС/МС/МС режим, соответственно.

Video: Quantitative and Qualitative Method for Sphingomyelin by LC-MS Using Two Stable Isotopically Labeled Sphingomyelin Species

An Optimized Protocol for Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay Using Infrared Fluorescent Dye-labeled Oligonucleotides

Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assays (EMSA) are an instrumental tool to characterize the interactions between proteins and their target DNA sequences. Radioactivity has been the predominant method of DNA labeling in EMSAs. However, recent advances in fluorescent dyes and scanning methods have prompted the use of fluorescent tagging of DNA as an alternative to radioactivity for the advantages of easy handling, saving time, reducing cost, and improving safety. We have recently used fluorescent EMSA (fEMSA) to successfully address an important biological question. Our fEMSA analysis provides mechanistic insight into the effect of a missense mutation, G73E, in the highly conserved HMG transcription factor SOX-2 on olfactory neuron type diversification. We found that mutant SOX-2G73E protein alters specific DNA binding activity, thereby causing olfactory neuron identity transformation. Here, we present an optimized and cost-effective step-by-step protocol for fEMSA using infrared fluorescent dye-labeled oligonucleotides containing the LIM-4/SOX-2 adjacent target sites and purified SOX-2 proteins (WT and mutant SOX-2G73E proteins) as a biological example.

We describe here an optimized protocol of fluorescent Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assays (fEMSA) using purified SOX-2 proteins together with infrared fluorescent dye-labeled DNA probes as a case study to tackle an important biological question.

Оптимизированный протокол для электрофоретической подвижности Сдвиг Пробирной с помощью ИК-флуоресцентным красителем-меченных

Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assays (EMSA) are an instrumental tool to characterize the interactions between proteins and their target DNA sequences. ...

An Efficient Method for the Isolation of Highly Purified RNA from Seeds for Use in Quantitative Transcriptome Analysis

Plant seeds accumulate large amounts of storage reserves comprising biodegradable organic matter. Humans rely on seed storage reserves for food and as industrial materials. Gene expression profiles are powerful tools for investigating metabolic regulation in plant cells. Therefore, detailed, accurate gene expression profiles during seed development are required for crop breeding. Acquiring highly purified RNA is essential for producing these profiles. Efficient methods are needed to isolate highly purified RNA from seeds. Here, we describe a method for isolating RNA from seeds containing large amounts of oils, proteins, and polyphenols, which have inhibitory effects on high-purity RNA isolation. Our method enables highly purified RNA to be obtained from seeds without the use of phenol, chloroform, or additional processes for RNA purification. This method is applicable to Arabidopsis, rapeseed, and soybean seeds. Our method will be useful for monitoring the expression patterns of low level transcripts in developing and mature seeds.

We have succeeded in establishing a method for RNA isolation from plant seeds containing large amounts of oils, proteins, and polyphenols, which have inhibitory effects on high-purity RNA isolation. Our method is suitable for monitoring the expression of genes with low level transcripts in seeds.

Эффективный метод для выделения высокоочищенного РНК из семян для использования в количественном анализе Транскриптом

Plant seeds accumulate large amounts of storage reserves comprising biodegradable organic matter. Humans rely on seed storage reserves for food and as ...

A Method for Measuring Metabolism in Sorted Subpopulations of Complex Cell Communities Using Stable Isotope Tracing

Mammalian cell types exhibit specialized metabolism, and there is ample evidence that various co-existing cell types engage in metabolic cooperation. Moreover, even cultures of a single cell type may contain cells in distinct metabolic states, such as resting or cycling cells. Methods for measuring metabolic activities of such subpopulations are valuable tools for understanding cellular metabolism. Complex cell populations are most commonly separated using a cell sorter, and subpopulations isolated by this method can be analyzed by metabolomics methods. However, a problem with this approach is that the cell sorting procedure subjects cells to stresses that may distort their metabolism.
To overcome these issues, we reasoned that the mass isotopomer distributions (MIDs) of metabolites from cells cultured with stable isotope-labeled nutrients are likely to be more stable than absolute metabolite concentrations, because MIDs are formed over longer time scales and should be less affected by short-term exposure to cell sorting conditions. Here, we describe a method based on this principle, combining cell sorting with liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). The procedure involves analyzing three types of samples: (1) metabolite extracts obtained directly from the complex population; (2) extracts of "mock sorted" cells passed through the cell sorter instrument without gating any specific population; and (3) extracts of the actual sorted populations. The mock sorted cells are compared against direct extraction to verify that MIDs are indeed not altered by the cell sorting procedure itself, prior to analyzing the actual sorted populations. We show example results from HeLa cells sorted according to cell cycle phase, revealing changes in nucleotide metabolism.

This article describes a method for studying cellular metabolism in complex communities of multiple cell types, using a combination of stable isotope tracing, cell sorting to isolate specific cell types, and mass spectrometry.

Метод для измерения Метаболизм в отсортированном субпопуляции сложных сообществ клеток с использованием стабильных изотопов Tracing

Mammalian cell types exhibit specialized metabolism, and there is ample evidence that various co-existing cell types engage in metabolic cooperation. ...

Cellular Lipid Extraction for Targeted Stable Isotope Dilution Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analysis

The metabolism of fatty acids, such as arachidonic acid (AA) and linoleic acid (LA), results in the formation of oxidized bioactive lipids, including numerous stereoisomers1,2. These metabolites can be formed from free or esterified fatty acids. Many of these oxidized metabolites have biological activity and have been implicated in various diseases including cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, asthma, and cancer3-7. Oxidized bioactive lipids can be formed enzymatically or by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Enzymes that metabolize fatty acids include cyclooxygenase (COX), lipoxygenase (LO), and cytochromes P450 (CYPs)1,8. Enzymatic metabolism results in enantioselective formation whereas ROS oxidation results in the racemic formation of products.
While this protocol focuses primarily on the analysis of AA- and some LA-derived bioactive metabolites; it could be easily applied to metabolites of other fatty acids. Bioactive lipids are extracted from cell lysate or media using liquid-liquid (l-l) extraction. At the beginning of the l-l extraction process, stable isotope internal standards are added to account for errors during sample preparation. Stable isotope dilution (SID) also accounts for any differences, such as ion suppression, that metabolites may experience during the mass spectrometry (MS) analysis9. After the extraction, derivatization with an electron capture (EC) reagent, pentafluorylbenzyl bromide (PFB) is employed to increase detection sensitivity10,11. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) is used to increase the selectivity of the MS analysis. Before MS analysis, lipids are separated using chiral normal phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The HPLC conditions are optimized to separate the enantiomers and various stereoisomers of the monitored lipids12. This specific LC-MS method monitors prostaglandins (PGs), isoprostanes (isoPs), hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs), hydroxyoctadecadienoic acids (HODEs), oxoeicosatetraenoic acids (oxoETEs) and oxooctadecadienoic acids (oxoODEs); however, the HPLC and MS parameters can be optimized to include any fatty acid metabolites13.
Most of the currently available bioanalytical methods do not take into account the separate quantification of enantiomers. This is extremely important when trying to deduce whether or not the metabolites were formed enzymatically or by ROS. Additionally, the ratios of the enantiomers may provide evidence for a specific enzymatic pathway of formation. The use of SID allows for accurate quantification of metabolites and accounts for any sample loss during preparation as well as the differences experienced during ionization. Using the PFB electron capture reagent increases the sensitivity of detection by two orders of magnitude over conventional APCI methods. Overall, this method, SID-LC-EC-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization APCI-MRM/MS, is one of the most sensitive, selective, and accurate methods of quantification for bioactive lipids.

This protocol will demonstrate the extraction and analysis of free and esterified bioactive fatty acids from cells. Fatty acids are accurately quantified using stable isotope dilution, chiral liquid chromatography, electron capture atmospheric chemical ionization multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry (SID-LC-ECAPCI-MRM/MS).

Сотовая Добыча липидов для целевой Стабильный изотопного разбавления жидкостной хроматографии-масс-спектрометрического анализа

The metabolism of fatty acids, such as arachidonic acid (AA) and linoleic acid (LA), results in the formation of oxidized bioactive lipids, including ...

Bioengineering

Lipid Droplet Isolation for Quantitative Mass Spectrometry Analysis

Lipid droplets are vital to the replication of a variety of different pathogens, most prominently the Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), as the putative site of virion morphogenesis. Quantitative lipid droplet proteome analysis can be used to identify proteins that localize to or are displaced from lipid droplets under conditions such as virus infections. Here, we describe a protocol that has been successfully used to characterize the changes in the lipid droplet proteome following infection with HCV. We use Stable Isotope Labeling with Amino Acids in Cell Culture (SILAC) and thus label the complete proteome of one population of cells with &#34;heavy&#34; amino acids to quantitate the proteins by mass spectrometry. For lipid droplet isolation, the two cell populations (i.e.&#160;HCV-infected/&#34;light&#34; amino acids and uninfected control/&#34;heavy&#34; amino acids) are mixed 1:1 and lysed mechanically in hypotonic buffer. After removing the nuclei and cell debris by low speed centrifugation, lipid droplet-associated proteins are enriched by two subsequent ultracentrifugation steps followed by three washing steps in isotonic buffer. The purity of the lipid droplet fractions is analyzed by western blotting with antibodies recognizing different subcellular compartments. Lipid droplet-associated proteins are then separated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) followed by Coomassie staining. After tryptic digest, the peptides are quantified by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). Using this method, we identified proteins recruited to lipid droplets upon HCV infection that might represent pro- or antiviral host factors. Our method can be applied to a variety of different cells and culture conditions, such as infection with pathogens, environmental stress, or drug treatment.

Lipid droplets are important organelles for the replication of several pathogens, including the Hepatitis C Virus (HCV). We describe a method to isolate lipid droplets for quantitative mass spectrometry of associated proteins; it can be used under a variety of conditions, such as virus infection, environmental stress, or drug treatment.

Липидное Выделение капельного для количественной анализа масс-спектрометрии

Lipid droplets are vital to the replication of a variety of different pathogens, most prominently the Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), as the putative site of ...

LC-MS Analysis of Human Platelets as a Platform for Studying Mitochondrial Metabolism

Perturbed mitochondrial metabolism has received renewed interest as playing a causative role in a range of diseases. Probing alterations to metabolic pathways requires a model in which external factors can be well controlled, allowing for reproducible and meaningful results. Many studies employ transformed cellular models for these purposes; however, metabolic reprogramming that occurs in many cancer cell lines may introduce confounding variables. For this reason primary cells are desirable, though attaining adequate biomass for metabolic studies can be challenging. Here we show that human platelets can be utilized as a platform to carry out metabolic studies in combination with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis. This approach is amenable to relative quantification and isotopic labeling to probe the activity of specific metabolic pathways. Availability of platelets from individual donors or from blood banks makes this model system applicable to clinical studies and feasible to scale up. Here we utilize isolated platelets to confirm previously identified compensatory metabolic shifts in response to the complex I inhibitor rotenone. More specifically, a decrease in glycolysis is accompanied by an increase in fatty acid oxidation to maintain acetyl-CoA levels. Our results show that platelets can be used as an easily accessible and medically relevant model to probe the effects of xenobiotics on cellular metabolism.

Here we show isolated human platelets can be used as an accessible ex vivo model to study metabolic adaptations in response to the complex I inhibitor rotenone. This approach employs isotopic tracing and relative quantification by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and can be applied to a variety of study designs.

ЖХ-МС анализ тромбоцитами человека как платформа для изучения метаболизма митохондрий

Perturbed mitochondrial metabolism has received renewed interest as playing a causative role in a range of diseases. Probing alterations to metabolic ...

Environment

Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Glycosphingolipid Antigens

Glycosphingolipids (GSL's) belong to the glycoconjugate class of biomacromolecules, which bear structural information for significant biological processes such as embryonic development, signal transduction, and immune receptor recognition1-2. They contain complex sugar moieties in the form of isomers, and lipid moieties with variations including fatty acyl chain length, unsaturation, and hydroxylation. Both carbohydrate and ceramide portions may be basis of biological significance. For example, tri-hexosylceramides include globotriaosylceramide (Gal&alpha;4Gal&beta;4Glc&beta;1Cer) and isoglobotriaosylceramide (Gal&alpha;3Gal&beta;4Glc&beta;1Cer), which have identical molecular masses but distinct sugar linkages of carbohydrate moiety, responsible for completely different biological functions3-4. In another example, it has been demonstrated that modification of the ceramide part of alpha-galactosylceramide, a potent agonist ligand for invariant NKT cells, changes their cytokine secretion profiles and function in animal models of cancer and auto-immune diseases5. The difficulty in performing a structural analysis of isomers in immune organs and cells serve as a barrier for determining many biological functions6.
Here, we present a visualized version of a method for relatively simple, rapid, and sensitive analysis of glycosphingolipid profiles in immune cells7-9. This method is based on extraction and chemical modification (permethylation, see below Figure 5A, all OH groups of hexose were replaced by MeO after permethylation reaction) of glycosphingolipids10-15, followed by subsequent analysis using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS) and ion trap mass spectrometry. This method requires 50 million immune cells for a complete analysis. The experiments can be completed within a week. The relative abundance of the various glycosphingolipids can be delineated by comparison to synthetic standards. This method has a sensitivity of measuring 1% iGb3 among Gb3 isomers, when 2 fmol of total iGb3/Gb3 mixture is present9.
Ion trap mass spectrometry can be used to analyze isomers. For example, to analyze the presence of globotriaosylceramide and isoglobtriaosylceramide in the same sample, one can use the fragmentation of glycosphingolipid molecules to structurally discriminate between the two (see below Figure 5). Furthermore, chemical modification of the sugar moieties (through a permethylation reaction) improves the ionization and fragmentation efficiencies for higher sensitivity and specificity, and increases the stability of sialic acid residues. The extraction and chemical modification of glycosphingolipids can be performed in a classic certified chemical hood, and the mass spectrometry can be performed by core facilities with ion trap MS instruments.

A specific and sensitive method to gain insight into the expression profile of glycosphingolipid antigens in immune organs and cells is described. The method takes advantage of the ion trap mass spectrometry allowing step-wise fragmentation of glycosphingolipid molecules for structural analysis in comparison to chemically synthesized standards.

Масс-спектрометрического анализа гликосфинголипид Антигены

Glycosphingolipids (GSL's) belong to the glycoconjugate class of biomacromolecules, which bear structural information for significant biological processes ...

Immunology and Infection

Quantitative Analysis of the Cellular Lipidome of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Using Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Lipids are structurally diverse amphipathic molecules that are insoluble in water. Lipids are essential contributors to the organization and function of biological membranes, energy storage and production, cellular signaling, vesicular transport of proteins, organelle biogenesis, and regulated cell death. Because the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a unicellular eukaryote amenable to thorough molecular analyses, its use as a model organism helped uncover mechanisms linking lipid metabolism and intracellular transport to complex biological processes within eukaryotic cells. The availability of a versatile analytical method for the robust, sensitive, and accurate quantitative assessment of major classes of lipids within a yeast cell is crucial for getting deep insights into these mechanisms. Here we present a protocol to use liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for the quantitative analysis of major cellular lipids of S. cerevisiae. The LC-MS/MS method described is versatile and robust. It enables the identification and quantification of numerous species (including different isobaric or isomeric forms) within each of the 10 lipid classes. This method is sensitive and allows identification and quantitation of some lipid species at concentrations as low as 0.2 pmol/&#181;L. The method has been successfully applied to assessing lipidomes of whole yeast cells and their purified organelles. The use of alternative mobile phase additives for electrospray ionization mass spectrometry in this method can increase the efficiency of ionization for some lipid species and can be therefore used to improve their identification and quantitation.

Quantitative Analysis of the Cellular Lipidome of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Using Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Tandem Mass Spectrometry

We present a protocol using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry to identify and quantify major cellular lipids in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The described method for a quantitative assessment of major lipid classes within a yeast cell is versatile, robust, and sensitive.

Количественный анализ клеточного липидома Сахаромиса Церевизии с использованием жидкой хроматографии в сочетании с тандемной масс-спектрометрией

Lipids are structurally diverse amphipathic molecules that are insoluble in water. Lipids are essential contributors to the organization and function of ...

Preparation of Human Tissues Embedded in Optimal Cutting Temperature Compound for Mass Spectrometry Analysis

Sphingolipids are cellular components that have well-established roles in human metabolism and disease. Mass spectrometry can be used to determine whether sphingolipids are altered in a disease and investigate whether sphingolipids can be targeted clinically. However, properly powered prospective studies that acquire tissues directly from the surgical suite can be time consuming, and technically, logistically, and administratively challenging. In contrast, retrospective studies can take advantage of cryopreserved human specimens already available, usually in large numbers, at tissue biorepositories. Other advantages of procuring tissues from biorepositories include access to information associated with the tissue specimens including histology, pathology, and in some instances clinicopathological variables, all of which can be used to examine correlations with lipidomics data. However, technical limitations related to the incompatibility of optimal cutting temperature compound (OCT) used in the cryopreservation and mass spectrometry is a technical barrier for the analysis of lipids. However, we have previously shown that OCT can be easily removed from human biorepository specimens through cycles of washes and centrifugation without altering their sphingolipid content. We have also previously established that sphingolipids in human tissues cryopreserved in OCT are stable for up to 16 years. In this report, we outline the steps and workflow to analyze sphingolipids in human tissue specimens that are embedded in OCT, including washing tissues, weighing tissues for data normalization, the extraction of lipids, preparation of samples for analysis by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS), mass spectrometry data integration, data normalization, and data analysis.

Sphingolipids are bioactive metabolites with well-established roles in human disease. Characterizing alterations in tissues with mass-spectrometry can reveal roles in disease etiology or identify therapeutic targets. However, the OCT-compound used for cryopreservation in biorepositories interferes with mass-spectrometry. We outline methods to analyze sphingolipids in human tissues embedded in OCT with LC-ESI-MS/MS.

Подготовка тканей человека, встроенных в оптимальное компаундирование температуры резания для масс-спектрометрического анализа

Sphingolipids are cellular components that have well-established roles in human metabolism and disease. Mass spectrometry can be used to determine whether ...

Cancer Research

Скрининг липидных структур с помощью мечения стабильными изотопами

Tracing de novo Lipids using Stable Isotope Labeling LC-TIMS-TOF MS/MS

Lipids are highly diverse, and small changes in lipid structures and composition can have profound effects on critical biological functions. Stable isotope labeling (SIL) offers several advantages for the study of lipid distribution, mobilization, and metabolism, as well as de novo lipid synthesis. The successful implementation of the SIL technique requires the removal of interferences from endogenous molecules. In the present work, we describe a high-throughput analytical protocol for the screening of SIL lipids from biological samples; examples will be shown of lipid de novo identification during mosquito ovary development. The use of complementary liquid chromatography trapped ion mobility spectrometry and mass spectrometry allows for the separation and lipids assignment from a single sample in a single scan (&lt;1 h). The described approach takes advantage of recent developments in data-dependent acquisition and data-independent acquisition, using parallel accumulation in the mobility trap followed by sequential fragmentation and collision-induced dissociation. The measurement of SIL at the fatty acid chain level reveals changes in lipid dynamics during the ovary development of mosquitoes. The lipids de novo structures are confidently assigned based on their retention time, mobility, and fragmentation pattern.

В центре внимания автора: Количественная оценка сложных липидомных образцов с использованием мечения стабильными изотопами

Presented here is a method for screening lipid structures through stable isotope labeling by using their retention time, mobility, and fragmentation.

Отслеживание липидов de novo с помощью мечения стабильными изотопами LC-TIMS-TOF MS/MS

Lipids are highly diverse, and small changes in lipid structures and composition can have profound effects on critical biological functions. Stable ...

Количественные и качественные метод сфингомиелин, LC-MS, с использованием двух стабильных гетерогенны помечены виды сфингомиелин

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