The pleura is a thin membrane surrounding the lungs and lining the chest cavity, with a fluid-filled pleural cavity in between for lung protection and ...

Pleural effusion is the accumulation of fluid between the lungs and chest wall. Based on protein content, it is classified into transudative or exudative ...

Clinical manifestations of pleural effusion secondary to pneumonia include pleuritic chest pain and dyspnea, while the underlying pneumonia can present ...

Flail chest is a traumatic condition that occurs when three or more adjacent ribs fracture in multiple places, causing a section of the chest wall to move ...

Management of a flail chest includes assessing the injury in which healthcare providers collect a detailed history of the traumatic event, including the ...

A pneumothorax is an abnormal accumulation of air in the pleural space between the chest wall and the lungs. This can lead to a loss of the normal ...

The clinical symptoms of patients with a simple pneumothorax often experience sudden, sharp chest pain on the affected side that worsens with breathing or ...