Chapter 14
Fluid Properties
Characteristics of Fluids
Fluids differ from solids mainly in their molecular structure and stress response. Solids have tightly packed molecules with strong intermolecular forces, ...
Density, Specific Weight, Specific Gravity and Compressibility of Fluid
The density of a fluid, defined as mass per unit volume, determines key fluid properties such as buoyancy, pressure distribution, and flow behavior.
For ...
Viscosity of Fluid
Viscosity measures how a fluid resists flowing due to internal friction when layers of the fluid move past each other.
For example, honey flows slowly ...
Types of Fluids
Fluids are classified into two main types: Newtonian and non-Newtonian. Newtonian fluids have a constant viscosity, and their shearing stress is linearly ...
Newtonian Fluid: Problem Solving
A Newtonian fluid has a constant viscosity, meaning the shear stress is directly proportional to the rate of shear strain.
This behavior ensures the fluid ...
Vapor Pressure of Fluid
The vapor pressure, which influences boiling and cavitation, is the pressure exerted by a vapor in equilibrium with its liquid at a given temperature and ...
Surface Tension of Fluid
A steel needle or a razor blade can float on water if placed gently due to surface tension, which arises at the interface between a liquid and a gas or ...
Capillarity in Fluid
Capillarity refers to the movement of liquid in narrow spaces, driven by surface tension and adhesive forces between the liquid and nearby surfaces.
Such ...
Design Example: Deciding Thickness of Lubricating Fluid in a Shaft
A rotating shaft operates inside a bearing housing. The shaft rotates at a specific speed and supports a load, requiring a lubricant with the correct ...
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