Brick durability, strength, and appearance are crucial factors in construction, influencing the choice of bricks for specific applications. The process of freeze-thaw, for instance, significantly affects brick durability. This phenomenon occurs when water absorbed by a brick expands as it freezes, potentially causing damage when it melts and refreezes. Bricks are graded for durability: SW-grade bricks are the most durable, offering high strength and low water absorption, followed by MW-grade and NW-grade bricks.

The strength of bricks is generally quantified by their ability to withstand compressive forces, with typical values ranging from 1500 to 3000 pounds per square inch. This strength is not only a measure of the bricks themselves but also depends on the quality of the mortar used, any reinforcement added, and the overall integrity of the masonry.

The appearance of bricks can vary widely and is affected by several factors. Changes in size and shape and visible damage, such as chips on the face or corners of the brick, impact both aesthetic and functional qualities. For facing bricks and hollow bricks, the extent of chippage is particularly important, as these bricks are often used where visual appeal is a priority.

The color of bricks is primarily derived from the type of clay used, depending on its natural characteristics. Additionally, the surface texture and overall appearance of bricks are shaped by the manufacturing process, including the use of dies, molds, or attachments that imprint or modify the surface of the bricks during production.