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This work reports an innovative silicon-tipped fiber-optic sensing platform (Si-FOSP) for high-resolution and fast-response measurement of a variety of physical parameters, such as temperature, flow, and radiation. Applications of this Si-FOSP span from oceanographic research, mechanical industry, to fusion energy research.
In this article, we introduce an innovative and practically promising fiber-optic sensing platform (FOSP) that we proposed and demonstrated recently. This FOSP relies on a silicon Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) attached to the fiber end, referred to as Si-FOSP in this work. The Si-FOSP generates an interferogram determined by the optical path length (OPL) of the silicon cavity. Measurand alters the OPL and thus shifts the interferogram. Due to the unique optical and thermal properties of the silicon material, this Si-FOSP exhibits an advantageous performance in terms of sensitivity and speed. Furthermore, the mature silicon fabrication industry endows the Si-FOSP with excellent reproducibility and low cost toward practical applications. Depending on the specific applications, either a low-finesse or high-finesse version will be utilized, and two different data demodulation methods will be adopted accordingly. Detailed protocols for fabricating both versions of the Si-FOSP will be provided. Three representative applications and their according results will be shown. The first one is a prototype underwater thermometer for profiling the ocean thermoclines, the second one is a flow meter to measure flow speed in the ocean, and the last one is a bolometer used for monitoring exhaust radiation from magnetically confined high-temperature plasma.
Fiber-optic sensors (FOSs) have been the focus for many researchers due to its unique properties, such as its small size, its low cost, its light weight, and its immunity to electromagnetic interference (EMI)1. These FOSs have found wide applications in many areas such as environmental monitoring, ocean surveillance, oil exploration, and industrial process among others. When it comes to the temperature-related sensing, the traditional FOSs are not superior in terms of resolution and speed for the cases where measurement of minute and fast temperature variations is desirable. These limitations stem from the optical and thermal properties of the ....
1. Fabrication of Low-Finesse Sensors
Si-FOSP as an underwater thermometer for profiling ocean thermoclines
Recent oceanographic research has demonstrated that the blurring of underwater imaging stems not only from turbidity in contaminated waters but also from temperature microstructures in clean ocean17,18. The latter effect has been the focus of many oceanographers, aiming to find an effective way to rectify the blurred images
The choice of the size (length and diameter) of the silicon FPI is made upon the tradeoff between requirements on the resolution and speed. In general, a smaller size provides a higher speed but also reduces the resolution2. A short length is advantageous for obtaining a higher speed, but it is not superior for obtaining a high resolution due to the expanded FWHM of the reflection notches. Using HR coatings to reduce the FWHM can help improve the resolution, but it will limit the dynamic range due.......
This work was supported by U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (Nos. N0017315P0376, N0017315P3755); U.S. Office of Naval Research (Nos. N000141410139, N000141410456); U.S. Department of Energy (Nos. DE-SC0018273, DE-AC02-09CH11466, DE-AC05-00OR22725).
....Name | Company | Catalog Number | Comments |
200 Proof Pure Ethanol | Koptec | V1001 | |
5 Channels Duplex CWDM | Fiber Store | 5MDD-ABS-FSCWDM | |
Butterfly Laser Diode Mounts | Tholabs | LM14S2 | |
CastAway CTD | Yellow Springs Instrument | ||
CTD | Seabird | SBE 19plus | |
Current Meter | Nortek | Vector | |
Data Acquisition Device | National Instruments | NIUSB4366 | |
Digital Oscilloscope | RIGOL | DS1204B | 200 MHz 2 GSa/s |
Diode Laser | Thorlabs | LM9LP | Wavelength: 632 nm |
Fixed BNC Terminator Kit | Thorlabs | FTK01 | |
Function Waveform Generator | RIGOL | DG4162 | 160 MHz 500 GSa/s |
High Precision Cleaver | Fujikura | CT-32 | |
High Reflection Dielectric Coating | Evaporated Coating INC (ECI) | Materials and structure of the coating are unknown | |
I-MON 512 Spectrometer | Ibsen Phtonics | P/N: 1257110 | |
InGaAs Biased Detector | Tholabs | DET01CFC | FC/PC output:0-10V; Quantity: 2 |
Laser Diode | Qphotonic | QFLD-405-20S | Wavelength: 405 nm |
Laser Diode Current Controller | Tholabs | LDC 210C | 1 A and 100 mA range |
Laser Diode Temperature Controller | Tholabs | TEC 200C | Quantity: 2 |
Latex Examination Gloves | HCS | ||
Micro Slides | Corning Incorporated | ||
Narrow Linewidth DFB Laser | Eblana | EP1550-NLW-B06-100FM | Wavelength:1550 nm |
Optical Fiber Fusion Splicer | Sumitomo electric industries, LTD | 3822-2 | |
Optical Microscope and Monitor | Ikegami Tsushinki Company | PM-127 | |
Optical Spectrum Analyzer | Yokogawa | AQ6370C | wavelength range: 600-1700 nm |
Polish Machine | ULTRA TEC | 41076 | |
Post-mountable Irises | Thorlabs | Quantity: 2 | |
Pump Laser | Gooch and Housego | 0400-0974-SM | Wavelength: 980 nm |
Si Amplified Photodetector | Thorlabs | PDA36A | Wavelength: 350-1100 nm |
Silicon wafer | University Wafer | thickness: 10 µm, 200 µm, 75 µm, 40 µm | |
Single mode fiber | Corning | SMF-28 | |
Single Mode Fused Fiber Coupler | Thorlabs | Wavelength: 1550 nm | |
SM 125 interogrator | Micron Optics | ||
Submersible Aquarium Pump | Songlong | SL-403 | |
Superluminscent LED | Denselight Semiconductors | DL-BP1-1501A | wavelength range:1510-1590 nm |
Syringe Pump | Cole Parmer | 74905-02 | |
Travel Translation Stage | Thorlabs | LT1 | |
UV curable glue | Epoxy Technology | PB109077 | |
UVGL-15 Compact UV Lmap | UVP | P/N:95-0017-09 | 254/365 nm |
Variable Optical Attenuators | Tholabs | M-VA/00016951 P/N: VOA50-APC |
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