A subscription to JoVE is required to view this content. Sign in or start your free trial.
A method for establishing afatinib-resistance cell lines from lung adenocarcinoma PC-9 cells was developed, and resistant cells were characterized. The resistant cells can be used to investigate epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor-resistance mechanisms, applicable for patients with non-small cell lung cancer.
Acquired resistance to molecular target inhibitors is a severe problem in cancer therapy. Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related death in most countries. The discovery of "oncogenic driver mutations," such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-activating mutations, and subsequent development of molecular targeted agents of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) (gefitinib, erlotinib, afatinib, dacomitinib, and osimertinib) have dramatically altered lung cancer treatment in recent decades. However, these drugs are still not effective in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) carrying EGFR-activating mutations. Following acquired resistance, the systemic progression of NSCLC remains a significant obstacle in treating patients with EGFR mutation-positive NSCLC. Here, we present a stepwise dose escalation method for establishing three independent acquired afatinib-resistant cell lines from NSCLC PC-9 cells harboring EGFR-activating mutations of 15-base pair deletions in EGFR exon 19. Methods for characterizing the three independent afatinib-resistance cell lines are briefly presented. The acquired resistance mechanisms to EGFR TKIs are heterogeneous. Therefore, multiple cell lines with acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs must be examined. Ten to twelve months are required to obtain cell lines with acquired resistance using this stepwise dose escalation approach. The discovery of novel acquired resistance mechanisms will contribute to the development of more effective and safe therapeutic strategies.
Five tyrosine kinase inhibitors, targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), including gefitinib, erlotinib, afatinib, dacomitinib, and osimertinib are currently available for treating patients with EGFR mutation-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Over the past decade, therapies for such patients have undergone dramatic development with the discovery of new potential EGFR-TKIs. Among patients with lung adenocarcinoma, somatic mutations in EGFR are identified in approximately 50% of Asian and 15% of Caucasian patients1. The most common mutations in EGFR are an L858R point mutation in EGFR exon 21 and 15 base pair (bp) d....
1. Establishment of Three Independent Afatinib-resistant PC-9 Cell Lines
The schema for establishing three afatinib-resistance cell lines from PC-9 cells using a stepwise dose-escalation procedure is shown in Figure 1. Figure 2 shows a decrease in cell proliferation of parental PC-9 cells as the concentration of afatinib is increased, indicating that PC-9 cells are sensitive to afatinib exposure. Figure 3 shows the afatinib-resistance of the three cell lines. None of the .......
Here, we described a method for establishing three independent afatinib-resistant cell lines and characterized these cells by comparison to parental PC-9 cells. By stepwise dose escalation exposure, the parental PC-9 cells acquired resistance to afatinib over a period of 10-12 months. Clinically, the resistance mechanisms to EGFR TKIs are heterogeneous, and therefore, after the initial treatment with afatinib, PC-9 cells were divided into three independent p100 dishes and exposed further to afatinib. Initially, cell grow.......
We thank the member of the Advanced Cancer Translational Research Institute for their thoughtful comments and Editage for their assistance with English language editing. This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI (grant number: 16K09590 to T.Y.).
....Name | Company | Catalog Number | Comments |
afatinib | Selleck | S1011 | |
anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody | cell signaling technology | 4267S | |
bicinchoninc acid assay | sigma | B9643 | |
cell-culture treated 10cm dish | Violamo | 2-8590-03 | |
CELL BANKER1Â | TakaRa | CB011 | cryopreservation media |
CellTiter 96 | Promega | Â G4100 | Â Non-Radioactive Cell Proliferation Assay; Dye solution and Solubilization/Stop solution |
DMSO | Wako | 043-07216 | |
ECL solution | Perkin Elmer | NEL105001EA | |
FBS | gibco | 26140-079 | |
GeneAmp 5700 | Applied Biosystems | fluorescence-based RT-PCR-detection system | |
GraphPad Prism v.7 software | GraphPad, Inc. | a statistical software | |
NanoDrop Lite spectrophotometer | Thermo | spectrophotometer | |
Nonfat dry milk | cell signaling technology | 9999S | |
Pen Strep | gibco | 15140-163 | |
phosphatase inhibitor cocktail 2 | sigma | P5726 | |
phosphatase inhibitor cocktail 3 | sigma | P0044 | |
Powerscan HT microplate reader | BioTek | ||
 Power SYBR Green master mix | Applied Biosystems | SYBR Green master mix | |
protease inhibitor cocktail | sigma | P8340 | |
QIAamp DNA Mini kit | Qiagen | 51306 | DNA purification kit |
QIAquick PCR Purification Kit | QIAGEN | PCR purification kit | |
RPMI-1640Â | Wako | 189-02025 | with L-Glutamine and Phenol Red |
TBST powder | sigma | T9039 | |
Trans-Blot SD Semi-Dry Electrophoretic Transfer cell | Bio-Rad | semi-dry t4ransfer apparatus | |
96 well microplate | Thermo | 130188 |
This article has been published
Video Coming Soon
ABOUT JoVE
Copyright © 2024 MyJoVE Corporation. All rights reserved