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The protocol describes the use of wire myography to evaluate the transmural isometric tension of mesenteric arteries isolated from mice, with special consideration of the modulation by factors released from endothelial cells and perivascular adipose tissues.
Altered vascular tone responsiveness to pathophysiological stimuli contributes to the development of a wide range of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Endothelial dysfunction represents a major culprit for the reduced vasodilatation and enhanced vasoconstriction of arteries. Adipose (fat) tissues surrounding the arteries play important roles in the regulation of endothelium-dependent relaxation and/or contraction of the vascular smooth muscle cells. The cross-talks between the endothelium and perivascular adipose tissues can be assessed ex vivo using mounted blood vessels by a wire myography system. However, optimal settings should be established for arteries derived from animals of different species, ages, genetic backgrounds and/or pathophysiological conditions.
Dilatations and constrictions of arteries are achieved by relaxations and contractions, respectively, of their vascular smooth muscle cells. Changes in vascular responsiveness of small arteries contribute to the homeostatic regulation of arterial blood pressure by autonomic nerves and hormones present in the blood (e.g., catecholamines, angiotensin II, serotonin, vasopressin). At the local level, the vascular responses of smooth muscle cells are modulated by signals from both the endothelial cells of the intima and the adipose tissue surrounding the arteries (Figure 1).
The endothelium is not only a passive bar....
All animals used for the following study were provided by the Laboratory Animal Unit of the Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. Ethical approval was obtained from the departmental Committee on Use of Laboratory Animals for Teaching and Research (CULATR, no.: 4085-16).
1. Preparations
Examination of the length/tension relationships to obtain the normalization factor k
The amount of stretch applied to a vessel segment influences the extent of the actin-myosin interaction and hence the maximal active force developed. Thus, for every type of blood vessel, determining the amount of stretch needed for maximal active force is required for proper myography studies. Here, normalization of t.......
Apart from the endothelial cells, signals derived from PVAT play an important role in the regulation of smooth muscle tone reactivity30. Healthy PVAT releases NO and anti-inflammatory adiponectin to exert an anti-contractile effect on arteries, which is lost under pathological conditions such as obesity and metabolic syndrome31,32. In disease states, PVAT contributes to the development of endothelial dysfunction and other cardiovascular ab.......
This work was financially support by the grants from Research Grant Council of Hong Kong [17124718 and 17121714], Hong Kong Health and Medical Research Fund [13142651 and 13142641], Collaborative Research Fund of Hong Kong [C7055-14G], and the National Basic Research Program of China [973 Program 2015CB553603].
....Name | Company | Catalog Number | Comments |
Acetylcholine | Sigma-Aldrich | A6625 | Stock concentration: 10-1 M Working concentration: 10-10 to 10-5 M |
L-NAME (Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester) | Sigma-Aldrich | N5751 | Stock concentration: 3 x 10-2 M Working concentration: 10-4 M |
Phenylephrine | Sigma-Aldrich | P6126 | Stock concentration: 10-2 M Working concentration: 10-10 to 10-5 M |
U46619 (9,11-dideoxy-9α,11αmethanoepoxy prostaglandin F2α) | Enzo | BML-PG023-0001 | Stock concentration: 10-5 M Working concentration: 1-3 x 10-8 M |
Multiwire myograph | Danish MyoTechnology (DMT) | 620M | |
PowerLab 4/26 | ADInstruments | ML848 | |
Labchart7 | ADInstruments | - | |
Adipo-SIRT1 wild type mice | Laboratory Animal Unit, The University of Hong Kong | CULATR NO.: 4085-16 | |
Silicon-coated Petri dishes | Danish MyoTechnology (DMT) | ||
Tungsten wires | Danish MyoTechnology (DMT) | 300331 | |
Surgical tools |
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