Manufacturing Process for Non-Adhesive Super-Soft Vocal Fold Models

Summary

This study demonstrates the manufacturing of non-sticky and super-soft vocal fold models by introducing a specific way to create the vocal fold layers, providing a detailed description of the manufacturing procedure, and characterizing the properties of the models.

Abstract

This study aims to develop super-soft, non-sticky vocal fold models for voice research. The conventional manufacturing process of silicone-based vocal fold models results in models with undesirable properties, such as stickiness and reproducibility issues. Those vocal fold models are prone to rapid aging, leading to poor comparability across different measurements. In this study, we propose a modification to the manufacturing process by changing the order of layering the silicone material, which leads to the production of non-sticky and highly consistent vocal fold models. We also compare a model produced using this method with a conventionally manufactured vocal fold model that is adversely affected by its sticky surface. We detail the manufacturing process and characterize the properties of the models for potential applications. The outcomes of the study demonstrate the efficacy of the modified fabrication method, highlighting the superior qualities of our non-sticky vocal fold models. The findings contribute to the development of realistic and reliable vocal fold models for research and clinical applications.

Introduction

Vocal fold models are used to simulate and investigate human voice production under normal and pathological conditions^1,2. One of the biggest challenges in creating vocal fold models is to achieve a realistic softness and flexibility that closely approximates those of humans. To achieve these properties, silicone elastomers are often used, which are diluted with high amounts of silicone oil to achieve the corresponding elasticity moduli^3,4. Another crucial factor in creating realistic vocal fold models is layering, as vocal folds consist of multiple la....

Protocol

1. Design of the vocal fold models and 3D printing of parts

1. Create a multi-layered representation of the common M5 geometry of silicone vocal folds using various soft silicone materials. Design the individual parts using computer-aided design (CAD) software. Check the Supplementary Coding File 1, Supplementary Coding File 2, Supplementary Coding File 3, Supplementary Coding File 4, Supplementary Coding File 5, Supplementary Coding File 6, Supplementary Coding File 7, Supplementary Cod.......

Discussion

The manufacturing process presented here involves critical steps that significantly impact its success. Firstly, it should be noted that the presented manufacturing process does not solve the problem of oil saturation in the vocal fold body material but rather circumvents certain negative side effects. The outgassing and the associated shrinkage and surface waviness still persist, albeit to a lesser extent. A solution to these problems would involve the use of an ultra-soft silicone or alternative material that combines .......

Materials

Name	Company	Catalog Number	Comments
3D Printer	ULTIMAKER		Type S5
3D Printing software	ULTIMAKER CURA		Version 5.2.2
CAD Software	Autodesk Inventor		Version 2023
High Speed Camera	XIMEA GmbH		MQ013CG-ON
PLA+ 3D Printer Material	eSun	none	white
Primary silicone	KauPo Plankenhorn	09301-005-000041	EcoFlex 00-30
Release Agent	KauPo Plankenhorn	09291-006-000001	UTS Universal
Secondary silicone	KauPo Plankenhorn	09301-005-000181	DragonSkin NV10
Silicone Thinner	KauPo Plankenhorn	09301-010-000002
Tougth PLA 3D Printer Material	BASF		black