amebas-automatic-midline-extraction-background-subtraction

AMEBaS: Automatic Midline Extraction and Background Subtraction of Ratiometric Fluorescence Time-Lapses of Polarized Single Cells

Cell polarity is a macroscopic phenomenon established by a collection of spatially concentrated molecules and structures that culminate in the emergence ...

University of Milan

Acute kidney injury (AKI) has been associated with increased mortality in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. We compared the mortality predictive accuracy of the 3 AKI definitions used most widely for patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention.

Acute Kidney Injury Definition and In-Hospital Mortality in Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction.

In Arabidopsis thaliana, local wounding and herbivore feeding provoke leaf-to-leaf propagating Ca waves that are dependent on the activity of members of the glutamate receptor-like channels (GLRs). In systemic tissues, GLRs are needed to sustain the synthesis of jasmonic acid (JA) with the subsequent activation of JA-dependent signaling response required for the plant acclimation to the perceived stress. Even though the role of GLRs is well established, the mechanism through which they are activated remains unclear. Here, we report that in vivo, the amino-acid-dependent activation of the AtGLR3.3 channel and systemic responses require a functional ligand-binding domain. By combining imaging and genetics, we show that leaf mechanical injury, such as wounds and burns, as well as hypo-osmotic stress in root cells, induces the systemic apoplastic increase of L-glutamate (L-Glu), which is largely independent of AtGLR3.3 that is instead required for systemic cytosolic Ca elevation. Moreover, by using a bioelectronic approach, we show that the local release of minute concentrations of L-Glu in the leaf lamina fails to induce any long-distance Ca waves.

Long-distance turgor pressure changes induce local activation of plant glutamate receptor-like channels.

Calcium (Ca)-ATPases are ATP-dependent enzymes that transport Ca ions against their electrochemical gradient playing the fundamental biological function of keeping the free cytosolic Ca concentration in the submicromolar range to prevent cytotoxic effects. In plants, type IIB autoinhibited Ca-ATPases (ACAs) are localised both at the plasma membrane and at the endomembranes including endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and tonoplast and their activity is primarily regulated by Ca-dependent mechanisms. Instead, type IIA ER-type Ca-ATPases (ECAs) are present mainly at the ER and Golgi Apparatus membranes and are active at resting Ca. Whereas research in plants has historically focused on the biochemical characterization of these pumps, more recently the attention has been also addressed on the physiological roles played by the different isoforms. This review aims to highlight the main biochemical properties of both type IIB and type IIA Ca pumps and their involvement in the shaping of cellular Ca dynamics induced by different stimuli.

Stefano Buratti

Department of Biosciences

University of Milan

AMEBaS: Automatic Midline Extraction and Background Subtraction of Ratiometric Fluorescence Time-Lapses of Polarized Single Cells