An experimental mouse model of bone metastasis was established following intracardiac delivery of luciferase expressing mammary tumor cells. Tumor development and resulted osteolytic lesion were monitored longitudinally with bioluminescence and micro CT imaging.
Here, we present a protocol describing a streamlined method for the efficient generation of plasmids expressing both the CRISPR enzyme and associated single guide RNA (sgRNAs). Co-transfection of mammalian cells with this sgRNA/CRISPR vector and a dual luciferase reporter vector that examines double-strand break repair allows evaluation of knockout efficiency.
Here, we describe a detailed protocol for an LC-MS-based sequencing method that can be used as a direct method to sequence short RNA (<35 nt per run) without a cDNA intermediate, and as a general method to sequence different nucleotide modifications in a single study at single-base precision.
This protocol presents the clinical application of a 24 G cannula and 3-0 polypropylene suture as a simple and effective method for the exploration of the vas deferens.
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