Yazar, bu yazının hazırlanması için ilk kağıt intravenöz (IV) insülin protokolü ve Devy A. Lee, BSc (Pharm), CMPP veri toplama ve analiz için PharmD Randy Wesnitzer, ona yardım için PharmD Anne Gentry, kabul eder düzenleme ve yazının hazırlanmasında ona yardım.

<ol>
	<li>Umpierrez, G. E., Isaacs, S. D., Bazargan, N., You, X., Thaler, L. M., Ktabchi, A. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hyperglycemia:+an+independent+marker+of+in-hospital+mortality+in+patients+with+undiagnosed+diabetes.">Hyperglycemia: an independent marker of in-hospital mortality in patients with undiagnosed diabetes.</a> J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 87, 978-982 (2002).</li><li>Bochicchio, G. V., Sung, J., Josh, M. I., Bochicchio, K., Johnson, S. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Persistent+hyperglycemia+is+predictive+of+outcome+in+critically+ill+trauma+patients.">Persistent hyperglycemia is predictive of outcome in critically ill trauma patients.</a> J. Trauma. 58, 921-924 (2005).</li><li>Finfer, S., Delaney, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tight+glycemic+control+in+critically+ill+adults.">Tight glycemic control in critically ill adults.</a> JAMA. 300, 963-965 (2008).</li><li>American Diabetes Association. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Standards+of+medical+care+in+diabetes-2008.">Standards of medical care in diabetes-2008.</a> Diabetes Care. 31, S12-S54 (2008).</li><li>Moghissi, E. S., Korytkowski, M. T., DiNardo, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=American+Association+of+Clinical+Endocrinologists+and+American+Diabetes+Association+Consensus+statement+on+inpatient+glycemic+control.">American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American Diabetes Association Consensus statement on inpatient glycemic control.</a> Endocr. Pract. 15, 1-17 (2009).</li><li>. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+NICE-SUGAR+Study+Investigators.+Intensive+versus+conventional+glucose+control+in+critically+ill+patients.">The NICE-SUGAR Study Investigators. Intensive versus conventional glucose control in critically ill patients.</a> N. Engl. J. Med. 360, 1283-1297 (2009).</li><li>Brunkhorst, F. M., Engel, C., Bloos, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Intensive+insulin+therapy+and+pentastarch+resuscitation+in+severe+sepsis.">Intensive insulin therapy and pentastarch resuscitation in severe sepsis.</a> N. Engl. J. Med. 358, 125-139 (2008).</li><li>Griesdale, D. E., de Souza, R. J., van Dam, R. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Intensive+insulin+therapy+and+mortality+among+critically+ill+patients:+a+meta-analysis+including+NICE-SUGAR+study+data.">Intensive insulin therapy and mortality among critically ill patients: a meta-analysis including NICE-SUGAR study data.</a> CMAJ. 180, 821-827 (2009).</li><li>Van den Berghe, G., Wilmer, A., Hermans, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Intensive+insulin+therapy+in+the+medical+ICU.">Intensive insulin therapy in the medical ICU.</a> N. Engl. J. Med. 354, 449-461 (2006).</li><li>Trence, D. L., Kelly, J. L., Hirsch, I. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+rationale+and+management+of+hyperglycemia+for+in-patients+with+cardiovascular+disease:+time+for+change.">The rationale and management of hyperglycemia for in-patients with cardiovascular disease: time for change.</a> J. Clin. Endocrinol Metab. 88, 2430-2437 (2003).</li></ol>

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Bu EndoTool sistemi nedeniyle gelişmiş algoritmalar ve kullanım kolaylığı seçildi. Program ABD Gıda ve İlaç Dairesi (FDA)-temizlenir ve Sağlık Sigortası Taşınabilirlik ve Sorumluluk Yasası (HIPAA) uyumlu olmanın kurum yardımcı olur. Bu ekstra donanım gerektirmeden hastanenin sunucu ve intranet üzerine yüklenebilir. Yazılım hastaya özgü kan glukoz konsantrasyonlarının girişine göre bir hastaya özgü fizyolojik insülin doz eğrisi hesaplamak için matematiksel modelleme kullanır. IV insülin dozu için temel kontrollü matematiğe dayalı karmaşık bir geribildirim mekanizmasıdır. Yazılım hastanın önceki şekeri-birleşmeyle En son dört okumaları analiz etme ve yorumlama 33 algoritmalar kullanır - zaman içinde bu noktada en uygun IV insülin dozunu hesaplamak için. Her bir sonraki kan glikozu okuma girdisi ile, eğrisi damla ayarlanırkan glukoz konsantrasyonlarında aşırı örneğin istediğiniz kanal. Başlangıç ​​hesaplamalarda, örneğin varlığında / kortikosteroid diyabet veya kullanım yokluğunda olarak kan glikozu konsantrasyonlarını etkileyen faktörlerin sistemi hesaplar. CGMS yatak başında doğru ve zamanında doz ve oranının bilgi, eleştirel düşünme sağlar rağmen hala IV insülin yönetimi için gereklidir. Bilgisayar güdümlü yazılım IV insülin oranları ve karbonhidrat alımı ile ilgili son kullanıcı, yeni hasta start-up ve ne bilgisayar kesintileri (yani sunucu kesintilerini) sırasında yapmak için bilgi rehberlik yapmaktadır. Onlar anlamak ve yazılım inanabileceğimi hissedene kadar CGMS uygulanması üzerine, doktorlar bazı ilk direnç vardı. Ancak, tıbbi personel sistemi kullanmak için ne kadar kolay görünce azalmış direnç, onların tavsiyelerini geçersiz başardık ne kadar etkili kan şekeri konsantrasyonları kontrol vardı ve eğer clinicallGerekli y. Genel olarak, hemşireler kağıt protokolleri ile artan hayal kırıklığı nedeniyle CGMS uygulamak için sabırsızlanıyordu. Ancak, başlangıçta CGMS tarafından tavsiye edilen yüksek insülin infüzyon oranları ve bolus doz kabulünde hemşirelerin bazı tereddüt vardı. Zaman zaman, sistemin yaygın kağıt protokoller tarafından tavsiye edilmektedir fazla gol aralığında hasta tutmak için çok daha yüksek infüzyon oranları ve bolus doz tavsiye ederim. Hemşireler yana CGMS öneriler ve nadiren önerilen infüzyon hızı / bolus doz sapan rahat hale gelmiştir. Hastanede yatan hastalarda iyi glisemik kontrolün önemi, literatürde iyi belgelenmiştir. Bu çalışmalar glukoz etkili yatış sırasında kontrol edilir morbidite ve mortalite bir düşüş göstermiştir. Wyoming Tıp Merkezi&#39;nde bir bilgisayarlı glukoz yönetim sistemine kağıt IV insülin protokolleri kullanarak anahtarı substantia sonuçlandıhipoglisemi riskini en aza indirirken Lly hiperglisemi olan hastalarda mevcut kurallara uygun olarak glisemik kontrolü geliştirildi. Iyi glisemik kontrolün yararları ve sağlık çalışanları arasında bilinmesine rağmen, böyle bir strateji uygulamaya (Tablo 2) dikkatli bir planlama aldı. Kağıt protokolünün birden değişiklikler rağmen, hipoglisemi en aza indirirken normoglisemik sağlanması bakımından optimal sonuçlar edildi. Genel olarak, CGMS tüm okumaların daha büyük% 75 hedef konsantrasyonları elde, daha hızlı ve sıkı glikoz kontrolü sağladı. Intravenöz insülin verilirken, hipoglisemi doğal bir korkusu vardır. Bununla birlikte, CGMS kullanımı ile hipoglisemi sıklığı% 1 altında iyi idi.

improving iv insulin administration in a community hospital

Diabetes mellitus, hatta non-diyabetik hastalarda, bir yatan hasta artmış morbidite ve mortalite için önemli bir bağımsız risk faktörü ve yüksek kan glukoz konsantrasyonları ise kötü sonuçlar öngörür. Klinik Endokrinologlar Amerikan Derneği (tarafından 1-4 2008 konsensüs ifadesi AACE) ve American Diabetes Association (ADA), bu &quot;ne olursa olsun sebebin, tümden olumsuz sonuçlar ile ilişkili yatan hastalarda hiperglisemi,&quot; belirtiyor. 5 Bu hiperglisemi bilinen veya diyabeti gibi hastalarda meydana tanımak önemlidir önceden normal glukoz toleransı olan kişilerde akut hastalık sırasında. Yoğun Bakım Değerlendirme-Survival in normoglisemik Glikoz Algoritma Yönetmeliği (NICE-ŞEKER) altı bin yetişkin yoğun bakım ünitesi (YBÜ) yoğun kan şekeri kontrolü ya konvansiyonel glukoz randomize edildi hasta üzerinde yer çalışmada kullanma. kontrolü 6 Hayret, bu deneme yoğun glikoz kontrolü% 14 (p = 0.02 odds oranı, 1.14) tarafından ölüm riskini artırdığını buldular. Buna ek olarak, yoğun bir kontrol grubu ağır hipoglisemi bir artış sıklığı geleneksel kontrol grubu (p &lt;0.001 sırasıyla% 6.8 vs% 0.5) ile karşılaştırıldığında vardı. Bu önemli deneme ve diğer iki den, 7,8 Wyoming Tıp Merkezi (WMC) çıkan hipoglisemi olumsuz etkisi kaçınarak yatan hasta hiperglisemi kontrol edilmesinin önemini fark etti. Bir IV insülin kağıt protokolü, hipoglisemi en aza normoglisemik ulaşma açısından, sonuçlar suboptimal olduğunu WMC fuarlarında kağıt protokolünün kullanımı veri analizi çoklu revizyonu rağmen. Bu nedenle, sistematik bir uygulama planı ile, hastanın kan şekeri düzeylerinin takibi bilgisayarlı glukoz Managemen bir kağıt IV insülin protokolü kullanarak geçildit sistemi. Bilgisayarlı sistem olduğu için kağıt protokolü kullanılarak kan şekeri düzeylerini karşılaştırarak, genel, bilgisayarlı glukoz yönetim sistemi geleneksel kağıt protokolü daha hızlı ve sıkı glikoz kontrolü sonuçlandı, tespit edilmiştir. Özellikle, zaman içinde önemli bir artış ağır hipoglisemi (BG &lt;40 mg / dl), klinik hipoglisemi (BG &lt;70 mg / dl) ve hiperglisemi sıklığı hedef kan glukoz konsantrasyonu aralığı, hem de bir azalma içinde geçirdi (BG&gt; 180 mg / dL), bilgisayarlı glukoz yönetim sisteminin uygulanmasından sonra ilk beş ayında şahit olmuştur. Hipoglisemi riskini en aza indirirken bilgisayarlı sistemi tüm okumaların daha büyük% 75 hedef konsantrasyonları elde etti. Hipoglisemi sıklığı (BG &lt;70 mg / dL) bilgisayar glukoz yönetim sisteminin kullanımı ile% 1 altında iyi oldu.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital at JoVE.com

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Bir önceki yazıda protokol, hedef aralığında kan glukoz konsantrasyonu ölçümleri önemli bir artış içinde bilgisayarlı glukoz yönetim sistemi uygulama sonuçları ile karşılaştırıldığında. Kan glukoz düzeylerini izlemek için bilgisayarlı glukoz yönetim sistemi kullanarak, ağır hipoglisemi (&lt;40 mg / dL), klinik hipoglisemi (&lt;70 mg / dL) ve hiperglisemi (&gt; 180 mg / dl) de görülebilir azalır.

Bir Topluluk Hastanesi IV insülin uygulaması Geliştirilmesi

Diabetes mellitus is a major independent risk factor for increased morbidity and mortality in the hospitalized patient, and elevated blood glucose ...

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18.4K Görüntüleme.  Wyoming Medical Center. Bir önceki yazıda protokol, hedef aralığında kan glukoz konsantrasyonu ölçümleri önemli bir artış içinde bilgisayarlı glukoz yönetim sistemi uygulama sonuçları ile karşılaştırıldığında. Kan glukoz düzeylerini izlemek için bilgisayarlı glukoz yönetim sistemi kullanarak, ağır hipoglisemi (

Video: Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Intranasal Administration of CNS Therapeutics to Awake Mice

Intranasal administration is a method of delivering therapeutic agents to the central nervous system (CNS). It is non-invasive and allows large molecules that do not cross the blood-brain barrier access to the CNS. Drugs are directly targeted to the CNS with intranasal delivery, reducing systemic exposure and thus unwanted systemic side effects1. Delivery from the nose to the CNS occurs within minutes along both the olfactory and trigeminal neural pathways via an extracellular route and does not require drug to bind to any receptor or axonal transport2. Intranasal delivery is a widely publicized method and is currently being used in human clinical trials3.
Intranasal delivery of drugs in animal models allows for initial evaluation of pharmacokinetic distribution and efficacy. With mice, it is possible to administer drugs to awake (non-anesthetized) animals on a regular basis using a specialized intranasal grip. Awake delivery is beneficial because it allows for long-term chronic dosing without anesthesia, it takes less time than with anesthesia, and can be learned and done by many people so that teams of technicians can dose large numbers of mice in short periods. Efficacy of therapeutics administered intranasally in this way to mice has been demonstrated in a number of studies including insulin in diabetic mouse models 4-6 and deferoxamine in Alzheimer's mouse models. 7,8
The intranasal grip for mice can be learned, but is not easy and requires practice, skill, and a precise grip to effectively deliver drug to the brain and avoid drainage to the lung and stomach. Mice are restrained by hand using a modified scruff in the non-dominant hand with the neck held parallel to the floor, while drug is delivered with a pipettor using the dominant hand. It usually takes 3-4 weeks of acclimating to handling before mice can be held with this grip without a stress response. We have prepared this JoVE video to make this intranasal delivery technique more accessible.

A method to intranasally administer drugs to awake mice for the purpose of targeting the brain is described. This method allows for repeat dosing over long periods using intranasal administration of drug without anesthesia, and nose-to-brain delivery with minimal systemic exposure.

Uyanık Fare CNS Therapeutics İntranazal İdaresi

Intranasal administration is a method of delivering  therapeutic agents to the central nervous system (CNS). It is  non-invasive and allows large ...

Tıp

Collecting Saliva and Measuring Salivary Cortisol and Alpha-amylase in Frail Community Residing Older Adults via Family Caregivers

Salivary measures have emerged in bio-behavioral research that are easy-to-collect, minimally invasive, and relatively inexpensive biologic markers of stress. This article we present the steps for collection and analysis of two salivary assays in research with frail, community residing older adults-salivary cortisol and salivary alpha amylase. The field of salivary bioscience is rapidly advancing and the purpose of this presentation is to provide an update on the developments for investigators interested in integrating these measures into research on aging. Strategies are presented for instructing family caregivers in collecting saliva in the home, and for conducting laboratory analyses of salivary analytes that have demonstrated feasibility, high compliance, and yield quality specimens. The protocol for sample collection includes: (1) consistent use of collection materials; (2) standardized methods that promote adherence and minimize subject burden; and (3) procedures for controlling certain confounding agents. We also provide strategies for laboratory analyses include: (1) saliva handling and processing; (2) salivary cortisol and salivary alpha amylase assay procedures; and (3) analytic considerations.

We demonstrate: (1) procedures for collection of salivary samples in cognitive impaired older adults by family caregivers in the home setting, (2) procedures for measuring stress activity via salivary cortisol and alpha amylase, and (3) representative profiles. Protocols that allow researchers to study stress-linked processes advance our understanding of biological sensitivity and susceptibility.

Salivary measures have emerged in bio-behavioral research  that are easy-to-collect, minimally invasive, and relatively inexpensive  biologic markers of ...

Collection, Isolation, and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Human Endocervical Samples

Despite the public health importance of mucosal pathogens (including HIV), relatively little is known about mucosal immunity, particularly at the female genital tract (FGT). Because heterosexual transmission now represents the dominant mechanism of HIV transmission, and given the continual spread of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), it is critical to understand the interplay between host and pathogen at the genital mucosa. The substantial gaps in knowledge around FGT immunity are partially due to the difficulty in successfully collecting and processing mucosal samples. In order to facilitate studies with sufficient sample size, collection techniques must be minimally invasive and efficient. To this end, a protocol for the collection of cervical cytobrush samples and subsequent isolation of cervical mononuclear cells (CMC) has been optimized. Using ex vivo flow cytometry-based immunophenotyping, it is possible to accurately and reliably quantify CMC lymphocyte/monocyte population frequencies and phenotypes. This technique can be coupled with the collection of cervical-vaginal lavage (CVL), which contains soluble immune mediators including cytokines, chemokines and anti-proteases, all of which can be used to determine the anti- or pro-inflammatory environment in the vagina.

The use of cytobrush sampling to collect lymphocytes and monocytes from the endocervix is a minimally invasive technique that provides samples for analysis of female genital tract immunity. In this protocol, we describe the collection of cytobrush samples and immune cell isolation for flow cytometry assays.

Toplama, İzolasyon, ve İnsan endoservikal Akışı Sitometrik Analizi

Despite the public health importance of mucosal pathogens (including HIV), relatively little is known about mucosal immunity, particularly at the female ...

A Radio-telemetric System to Monitor Cardiovascular Function in Rats with Spinal Cord Transection and Embryonic Neural Stem Cell Grafts

High thoracic or cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) can lead to cardiovascular dysfunction. To monitor cardiovascular parameters, we implanted a catheter connected to a radio transmitter into the femoral artery of rats that underwent a T4 spinal cord transection with or without grafting of embryonic brainstem-derived neural stem cells expressing green fluorescent protein. Compared to other methods such as cannula insertion or tail-cuff, telemetry is advantageous to continuously monitor blood pressure and heart rate in freely moving animals. It is also capable of long term multiple data acquisitions. In spinal cord injured rats, basal cardiovascular data under unrestrained condition and autonomic dysreflexia in response to colorectal distension were successfully recorded. In addition, cardiovascular parameters before and after SCI can be compared in the same rat if a transmitter is implanted before a spinal cord transection. One limitation of the described telemetry procedure is that implantation in the femoral artery may influence the blood supply to the ipsilateral hindlimb.

We present a protocol for using a radio-telemetric system to record cardiovascular parameters in T4 spinal cord transected rats eight weeks after embryonic brainstem neural stem cell grafting into the lesion site. Telemetry is an advanced technique to accurately evaluate cardiovascular function in conscious freely moving spinal cord injured rats.

A Radyo-telemetrik Sistemi Omurilik transeksiyonu ve Embriyonik Nöral Hücre Greftler Kök Sıçanlarda Kardiyovasküler Fonksiyonu Monitör

High thoracic or cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) can lead to cardiovascular dysfunction. To monitor cardiovascular parameters, we implanted a catheter ...

Rapid Fractionation and Isolation of Whole Blood Components in Samples Obtained from a Community-based Setting

Collection and processing of whole blood samples in a non-clinical setting offers a unique opportunity to evaluate community-dwelling individuals both with and without preexisting conditions. Rapid processing of these samples is essential to avoid degradation of key cellular components. Included here are methods for simultaneous peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC), DNA, RNA and serum isolation from a single blood draw performed in the homes of consenting participants across a metropolitan area, with processing initiated within 2 hr of collection. We have used these techniques to process over 1,600 blood specimens yielding consistent, high quality material, which has subsequently been used in successful DNA methylation, genotyping, gene expression and flow cytometry analyses. Some of the methods employed are standard; however, when combined in the described manner, they enable efficient processing of samples from participants of population- and/or community-based studies who would not normally be evaluated in a clinical setting. Therefore, this protocol has the potential to obtain samples (and subsequently data) that are more representative of the general population.

We outline a methodology for the processing of whole blood to obtain a variety of components for further analysis. We have optimized a streamlined protocol that enables rapid, high-throughput simultaneous processing of whole blood samples in a non-clinical setting.

Topluluk tabanlı Ayar Elde Edilen Örneklerin hızlı Fraksiyonlama ve Tam Kan Bileşenlerinin İzolasyonu

Collection and processing of whole blood samples in a non-clinical setting offers a unique opportunity to evaluate community-dwelling individuals both ...

A Reproducible Computerized Method for Quantitation of Capillary Density using Nailfold Capillaroscopy

Capillaroscopy is a non-invasive, efficient, relatively inexpensive and easy to learn methodology for directly visualizing the microcirculation. The capillaroscopy technique can provide insight into a patient&#8217;s microvascular health, leading to a variety of potentially valuable dermatologic, ophthalmologic, rheumatologic and cardiovascular clinical applications. In addition, tumor growth may be dependent on angiogenesis, which can be quantitated by measuring microvessel density within the tumor. However, there is currently little to no standardization of techniques, and only one publication to date reports the reliability of a currently available, complex computer based algorithms for quantitating capillaroscopy data.1 This paper describes a new, simpler, reliable, standardized capillary counting algorithm for quantitating nailfold capillaroscopy data. A simple, reproducible computerized capillaroscopy algorithm such as this would facilitate more widespread use of the technique among researchers and clinicians. Many researchers currently analyze capillaroscopy images by hand, promoting user fatigue and subjectivity of the results. This paper describes a novel, easy-to-use automated image processing algorithm in addition to a reproducible, semi-automated counting algorithm. This algorithm enables analysis of images in minutes while reducing subjectivity; only a minimal amount of training time (in our experience, less than 1 hr) is needed to learn the technique.

Capillaroscopy is a non-invasive, efficient, relatively inexpensive and easy-to-learn methodology for directly visualizing capillaries in the microcirculation. However, only one publication to date describes the reliability of a complex software program available for quantitating capillaroscopy data. Here, we present a simple, reliable protocol for quantitating capillaries using a standardized algorithm.

Kapilaroskopi kullanılarak Kılcal Yoğunluk miktar tayini için bir Tekrarlanabilir Bilgisayarlı Yöntem

Capillaroscopy is a non-invasive, efficient, relatively inexpensive and easy to learn methodology for directly visualizing the microcirculation. The ...

Transarterial Administration of Oncolytic Viruses for Locoregional Therapy of Orthotopic HCC in Rats

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a disease with limited treatment options and poor prognosis. In recent years, oncolytic virotherapies have proven themselves to be potentially powerful tools to fight malignancy. Due to the unique dual blood supply in the liver, it is possible to apply therapies locally to orthotopic liver tumors, which are predominantly fed by arterial blood flow. We have previously demonstrated that hepatic arterial delivery of oncolytic viruses results in safe and efficient transduction efficiency of multifocal HCC lesions, resulting in significant prolongation of survival in immune competent rats. This procedure closely mimics the application of transarterial embolization in patients, which is the standard palliative care provided to many HCC patients. The ability to administer tumor therapies through the hepatic artery in rats allows for a highly sophisticated preclinical model for evaluating novel viral vectors under development. Here we describe the detailed protocol for microdissection of the hepatic artery for infusion of oncolytic virus vectors to treat orthotopic HCC.

Oncolytic virotherapies are under development as novel therapeutics for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here we describe a method for locoregional therapy of HCC via hepatic arterial administration of oncolytic virus.

Sıçanlarda Ortotopik HCC Lokorejyonel Tedavisi için oncolytic virüs transarteryel İdaresi

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a disease with limited treatment options and poor prognosis.  In recent years, oncolytic virotherapies have proven ...

Murine Oropharyngeal Aspiration Model of Ventilator-associated and Hospital-acquired Bacterial Pneumonia

Murine infection models are critical for understanding disease pathogenesis and testing the efficacy of novel therapeutics designed to combat causative pathogens. Infectious pneumonia is among the most common infections presented by patients in the clinic and thus warrants an appropriate in vivo model. Typical pneumonia models use intranasal inoculation, which deposits excessive organisms outside the lung, causing off-target complications and symptoms, such as sinusitis, gastritis, enteritis, physical trauma, or microparticle misting to mimic aerosol spread more typical of viral, tuberculous, or fungal pneumonia. These models do not accurately reflect the pathogenesis of typical community- or healthcare-acquired bacterial pneumonia. In contrast, this murine model of oropharyngeal aspiration pneumonia mimics the droplet route in healthcare-acquired pneumonia. Inoculating 50 &#181;L of the bacteria suspension into the oropharynx of anesthetized mice causes reflexive aspiration, which results in pneumonia. With this model, one can examine the pathogenesis of pneumonia-causing pathogens and new treatments to combat these diseases.

Infectious pneumonia is among the most common infections in human. An appropriate in vivo model is critical for understanding disease pathogenesis and testing the efficacy of novel therapeutics. With this murine oropharyngeal aspiration pneumonia model, one can examine the pathogenesis and new treatments against these deadly infections.

Fare Oropharyngeal aspirasyon modeli Ventilatör ilişkili ve hastane edinilen bakteriyel pnömoni

Murine infection models are critical for understanding disease pathogenesis and testing the efficacy of novel therapeutics designed to combat causative ...

A Training Program Using an Agility Ladder for Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Aging impairs physical and cognitive functions and limits daily activities. Agility training can improve or maintain physical functioning in older people. The purpose of this study is to report the physical fitness benefits of a training program for independent community-dwelling older adults using an agility ladder. Each training session lasted approximately 30 minutes, and the benefits were achieved with two sessions per week for 14 weeks. Training was timed and involved four different drills and varying levels of difficulty through time. The exercises were performed at the School of Physical Education of the University of Campinas, S&#227;o Paulo state, Brazil. The study participants (n = 16; mean age of 66.9 &#177; 5.0 years) were instructed to perform the exercises as quickly as possible without making mistakes and were assisted by a physical trainer when they made mistakes. Assessments were performed both before and after training using five functional tests (i.e., Illinois agility, five times sit-to-stand, timed up-and-go, walking usual speed, and one-leg stand). Although the study sample was not compared with a control group, the results indicate that training protocols using an agility ladder are easy and practical and improve physical function performance in older adults.

The aim of this study is to present an agility training program for older people. The feasibility of this program is described, and the training protocol demonstrated by video imaging.

Topluluk-Konut Yaşlı Yetişkinler için Bir Çeviklik Merdiveni Kullanarak Bir Eğitim Programı

Aging impairs physical and cognitive functions and limits daily activities. Agility training can improve or maintain physical functioning in older people. ...

Using a Chemical Biopsy for Graft Quality Assessment

Kidney transplantation is a life-saving treatment for a large number of people with end-stage renal dysfunction worldwide. The procedure is associated with an increased survival rate and greater quality of patient&#8217;s life when compared to conventional dialysis. Regrettably, transplantology suffers from a lack of reliable methods for organ quality assessment. Standard diagnostic techniques are limited to macroscopic appearance inspection or invasive tissue biopsy, which do not provide comprehensive information about the graft. The proposed protocol aims to introduce solid phase microextraction (SPME) as an ideal analytical method for comprehensive metabolomics and lipidomic analysis of all low molecular compounds present in kidneys allocated for transplantation. The small size of the SPME probe enables performance of a chemical biopsy, which enables extraction of metabolites directly from the organ without any tissue collection. The minimum invasiveness of the method permits execution of multiple analyses over time: directly after organ harvesting, during its preservation, and immediately after revascularization at the recipient&#8217;s body. It is hypothesized that the combination of this novel sampling method with a high-resolution mass spectrometer will allow for discrimination of a set of characteristic compounds that could serve as biological markers of graft quality and indicators of possible development of organ dysfunction.

The protocol presents utilization of the chemical biopsy approach followed by comprehensive metabolomic and lipidomic analysis for quality assessment of kidney grafts allocated for transplantation.

Greft Kalite Değerlendirmesi için Kimyasal Biyopsi Kullanımı

Kidney transplantation is a life-saving treatment for a large number of people with end-stage renal dysfunction worldwide. The procedure is associated ...