저자는이 원고의 준비를위한 초기 종이 정맥 주사 (IV) 인슐린 프로토콜과 Devy A. 리, BSC (알약), CMPP의 데이터 수집 및 분석을 위해 PharmD 랜디 Wesnitzer, 그녀에게 도움을 PharmD 앤 젠트를 인정 편집 및 원고 작성 그녀의 센터입니다.

<ol>
	<li>Umpierrez, G. E., Isaacs, S. D., Bazargan, N., You, X., Thaler, L. M., Ktabchi, A. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hyperglycemia:+an+independent+marker+of+in-hospital+mortality+in+patients+with+undiagnosed+diabetes.">Hyperglycemia: an independent marker of in-hospital mortality in patients with undiagnosed diabetes.</a> J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 87, 978-982 (2002).</li><li>Bochicchio, G. V., Sung, J., Josh, M. I., Bochicchio, K., Johnson, S. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Persistent+hyperglycemia+is+predictive+of+outcome+in+critically+ill+trauma+patients.">Persistent hyperglycemia is predictive of outcome in critically ill trauma patients.</a> J. Trauma. 58, 921-924 (2005).</li><li>Finfer, S., Delaney, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tight+glycemic+control+in+critically+ill+adults.">Tight glycemic control in critically ill adults.</a> JAMA. 300, 963-965 (2008).</li><li>American Diabetes Association. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Standards+of+medical+care+in+diabetes-2008.">Standards of medical care in diabetes-2008.</a> Diabetes Care. 31, S12-S54 (2008).</li><li>Moghissi, E. S., Korytkowski, M. T., DiNardo, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=American+Association+of+Clinical+Endocrinologists+and+American+Diabetes+Association+Consensus+statement+on+inpatient+glycemic+control.">American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American Diabetes Association Consensus statement on inpatient glycemic control.</a> Endocr. Pract. 15, 1-17 (2009).</li><li>. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+NICE-SUGAR+Study+Investigators.+Intensive+versus+conventional+glucose+control+in+critically+ill+patients.">The NICE-SUGAR Study Investigators. Intensive versus conventional glucose control in critically ill patients.</a> N. Engl. J. Med. 360, 1283-1297 (2009).</li><li>Brunkhorst, F. M., Engel, C., Bloos, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Intensive+insulin+therapy+and+pentastarch+resuscitation+in+severe+sepsis.">Intensive insulin therapy and pentastarch resuscitation in severe sepsis.</a> N. Engl. J. Med. 358, 125-139 (2008).</li><li>Griesdale, D. E., de Souza, R. J., van Dam, R. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Intensive+insulin+therapy+and+mortality+among+critically+ill+patients:+a+meta-analysis+including+NICE-SUGAR+study+data.">Intensive insulin therapy and mortality among critically ill patients: a meta-analysis including NICE-SUGAR study data.</a> CMAJ. 180, 821-827 (2009).</li><li>Van den Berghe, G., Wilmer, A., Hermans, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Intensive+insulin+therapy+in+the+medical+ICU.">Intensive insulin therapy in the medical ICU.</a> N. Engl. J. Med. 354, 449-461 (2006).</li><li>Trence, D. L., Kelly, J. L., Hirsch, I. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+rationale+and+management+of+hyperglycemia+for+in-patients+with+cardiovascular+disease:+time+for+change.">The rationale and management of hyperglycemia for in-patients with cardiovascular disease: time for change.</a> J. Clin. Endocrinol Metab. 88, 2430-2437 (2003).</li></ol>

이 문서에 대한 생산 및 무료 액세스가 Hospira 주식 회사가 후원합니다

이 EndoTool 시스템은 워낙 정교한 알고리즘 및 사용의 용이성으로 선정되었습니다. 이 프로그램은 미국 식품 의약청 (FDA) 허가이며, 건강 보험 이동성 및 책임 법 (HIPAA)와 호환되는에서 기관을 지원합니다. 그것은 여분의 하드웨어에 대한 필요없이 병원의 서버 및 인트라넷에 로드할 수 있습니다. 소프트웨어는 환자 고유의 혈당 농도의 입력을 기반으로 환자 특정 physiologic 인슐린 먹이지 곡선을 계산하는 수학적 모델링을 사용합니다. IV는 인슐린 주입량을위한 기초는 통제 수학을 기반으로 복잡한 피드백 메커니즘입니다. 소프트웨어는 환자의 이전 포도당 수치 - 통합 네 개의 가장 최근의 수치를 분석하고 해석하는 33 알고리즘을 사용하여 - 시간에 그 시점에 가장 적절한 IV의 인슐린 주입량을 계산합니다. 각 후속 혈당 독서의 항목으로, 커브가 미님하도록 조정됩니다혈당 농도에있는 극단을 이지는. 초기 계산에서 같은 존재 / 코르티 코 스테로이드의 당뇨병 또는 사용 부재​​ 등 혈당 농도를, 영향을 미치는 요인에 대한 시스템 계정. CGMS가 머리맡에서 정확하고시기 적절한 약을 먹이와 속도 정보, 비판적 사고력을 제공하지만 아직 정맥 주사 인슐린 관리가 필요합니다. 컴퓨터 가이드 소프트웨어는 정맥 주사 인슐린 속도와 탄수화물 섭취량에 관한 최종 사용자, 새로운 환자 신생, 그리고 컴퓨터 중단 (즉, 서버 다운 타임) 동안해야 할 정보에 지침을 제공합니다. 그들이 이해하고 소프트웨어를 신뢰할 수 있다고 생각 때까지 CGMS의 구현되면, 의사로부터 몇 가지 초기 저항이있었습니다. 그러나, 의료 직원들이 시스템을 사용하는 것이 얼마나 쉬운봤을 때 감소 저항, 그것은 그들의 권고를 무시할 수 있었던 방법에 효과적인 혈당 농도를 조절 있었고, 만약 clinicall필요한 Y. 전반적으로, 간호사는 종이 프로토콜과의 증가 좌절로 인해 CGMS을 구현 고자했습니다. 그러나 처음 CGMS가 추천되었습니다 높은 인슐린 주입 속도와 bolus 투입을 받아들이는 간호사 출신의 주저가 발생했습니다. 때때로, 시스템은 일반적으로 종이 프로토콜에서 권장하는 것보다 목표 범위에서 환자를 유지하기 훨씬 높은 주입 속도와 bolus 투입을 권장합니다. 간호사 이후 CGMS 권고와 거의 제안된 주입 속도 / bolus 치명적를 이탈하지 편안한되고 있습니다. 입원 환자에서 좋은 glycemic 통제의 중요성이 잘 문학에 문서화되었습니다. 이러한 연구는 포도당을 효과적으로 입원하는 동안 통제되는 병적 상태와 사망률의 감소를 보여주었다. 와이오밍 의학 센터에서 컴퓨터 혈당 관리 시스템에 종이를 정맥 주사 인슐린 프로토콜을 사용의 스위치는 substantia 결과저혈당의 위험을 최소화하면서 베드로 고혈당증 환자의 현재의 지침에 따라 glycemic 컨트롤을 향상. 좋은 glycemic 컨트롤의 장점이 잘 의료 전문가들 사이에서 알려져있다하더라도, 그러한 전략을 실행하면 (표 2)주의 계획했다. 종이 프로토콜의 여러 개정에도 불구하고, 저혈당을 최소화하면서 normoglycemia를 성취 면에서 결과 suboptimal 있었다. 전반적으로, CGMS는 모든 신호보다 75 % 목표 농도를 달성,보다 신속하고 어깨 포도당 통제를 허용했다. 정맥 주사 인슐린을 투여하는 경우 저혈당의 자연적인 공포가있다. 그러나, CGMS의 사용과 저혈당의 유행은 1 % 이하 좋았 었는데.

improving iv insulin administration in a community hospital

당뇨병, 심지어 비 당뇨병 환자에서 입원 환자의 증가 병적 상태와 사망률에 대한 주요 독립적인 위험 요인 및 높은 혈당 농도는 가난한 결과를 예측합니다. 임상 내분비 미국의 협회 (작품 1-4 2,008 합의 성명 AACE)와 미국 당뇨병 협회 (ADA)는 &quot;없이 그 사유, 명백하게 불리한 결과와 관련된 입원 환자에서 고혈당증를.&quot;기로는 5 그런게 고혈당증가 알려진 또는 undiagnosed 당뇨병뿐만 아니라 환자에서 발생 인식하는 것이 중요 이전에 정상적인 포도당 내성있는 사람의 급성 질병 중. 인텐시브 케어 평가 - 서바이벌의 Normoglycemia은 포도당 알고리즘 규정 (NICE-설탕) 육천 성인 중환 자실 (ICU) 집중 포도당 컨트롤 또는 기존의 포도당에 무작위 있었다 환자를 통해 관련 연구를 사용하여. 제어 6 놀랍게도,이 재판은 집중적인 혈당 조절 14 % (; P = 0.02 승률 비율, 1.14)에 의해 사망의 위험을 증가 것으로 나타났습니다. 또한, 집중 제어 그룹에서 심각한 저혈당의 증가 유행은 종래의 제어 그룹 (; P &lt;0.001를 각각 6.8 % 대 0.5 %)에 비해 발생했습니다. 이 중추적인 재판과 다른 두 사람에서 7,8 와이오밍 의료 센터 (WMC)는 결과 저혈당의 부정적인 영향을 피하면서 입원 환자에서 고혈당증를 조절의 중요성을 깨달았다. IV는 인슐린 종이 프로토콜, 저혈당을 최소화하면서 normoglycemia를 달성이라는 측면에서, 결과 suboptimal 것을 WMC 쇼에서 종이 프로토콜의 사용의 데이터 분석의 여러 개정에도 불구하고. 따라서 계획적인 구현 계획을 통해, 환자의 혈당 수준의 모니터링은 컴퓨터 포도당 managemen에 종이를 정맥 주사 인슐린 프로토콜을 사용하여 탔다t 시스템. 컴퓨터 시스템의 그​​것에 종이 프로토콜을 사용하여 혈당 수치를 비교함으로써, 그것은 전체, 컴퓨터 혈당 관리 시스템은 전통적인 종이 프로토콜보다 더 신속하고 더 꽉 포도당 통제으로 이어진, 결정되었다. 특히, 시간에 상당한 증가는 심각한 저혈당 (BG &lt;40 밀리그램 / DL), 임상 저혈당 (BG &lt;70 밀리그램 / DL)과 고혈당증의 유행에 목표 혈당 농도 범위뿐만 아니라 감소 내에서 소비 (BG&gt; 180 밀리그램 / DL)는 컴퓨터 혈당 관리 시스템의 구현 후 첫 5 개월 만에 목격되었다. 저혈당의 위험을 최소화하면서 전산 시스템은 모든 신호에보​​다 큰 75 % 목표 농도를 달성했습니다. 저혈당의 유행은 (BG &lt;70 밀리그램 / DL) 컴퓨터 혈당 관리 시스템의 사용과 1 % 이하 좋았 었는데.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital at JoVE.com

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

이전 종이 프로토콜, 대상 범위 내에서 혈당 농도 측정에 상당한 증가 전산 혈당 관리 시스템 결과의 구현과 비교합니다. 혈당 수치를 모니터링하는 컴퓨터 혈당 관리 시스템을 사용하여 심한 저혈당 (&lt;40 밀리그램 / DL), 임상 저혈당 (&lt;70 밀리그램 / DL)과 고혈당증 (&gt; 180 밀리그램 / DL)도 관찰할 수로 줄어 듭니다.

동네 병원에서 정맥 주사 인슐린 관리 개선

Diabetes mellitus is a major independent risk factor for increased morbidity and mortality in the hospitalized patient, and elevated blood glucose ...

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SCIENTISTS IN ACTION

18.4K 조회수.  Wyoming Medical Center. 이전 종이 프로토콜, 대상 범위 내에서 혈당 농도 측정에 상당한 증가 전산 혈당 관리 시스템 결과의 구현과 비교합니다. 혈당 수치를 모니터링하는 컴퓨터 혈당 관리 시스템을 사용하여 심한 저혈당 (

비디오: Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Intranasal Administration of CNS Therapeutics to Awake Mice

Intranasal administration is a method of delivering therapeutic agents to the central nervous system (CNS). It is non-invasive and allows large molecules that do not cross the blood-brain barrier access to the CNS. Drugs are directly targeted to the CNS with intranasal delivery, reducing systemic exposure and thus unwanted systemic side effects1. Delivery from the nose to the CNS occurs within minutes along both the olfactory and trigeminal neural pathways via an extracellular route and does not require drug to bind to any receptor or axonal transport2. Intranasal delivery is a widely publicized method and is currently being used in human clinical trials3.
Intranasal delivery of drugs in animal models allows for initial evaluation of pharmacokinetic distribution and efficacy. With mice, it is possible to administer drugs to awake (non-anesthetized) animals on a regular basis using a specialized intranasal grip. Awake delivery is beneficial because it allows for long-term chronic dosing without anesthesia, it takes less time than with anesthesia, and can be learned and done by many people so that teams of technicians can dose large numbers of mice in short periods. Efficacy of therapeutics administered intranasally in this way to mice has been demonstrated in a number of studies including insulin in diabetic mouse models 4-6 and deferoxamine in Alzheimer's mouse models. 7,8
The intranasal grip for mice can be learned, but is not easy and requires practice, skill, and a precise grip to effectively deliver drug to the brain and avoid drainage to the lung and stomach. Mice are restrained by hand using a modified scruff in the non-dominant hand with the neck held parallel to the floor, while drug is delivered with a pipettor using the dominant hand. It usually takes 3-4 weeks of acclimating to handling before mice can be held with this grip without a stress response. We have prepared this JoVE video to make this intranasal delivery technique more accessible.

A method to intranasally administer drugs to awake mice for the purpose of targeting the brain is described. This method allows for repeat dosing over long periods using intranasal administration of drug without anesthesia, and nose-to-brain delivery with minimal systemic exposure.

깨어 마우스로 CNS의 치료학의 비강 관리

Intranasal administration is a method of delivering  therapeutic agents to the central nervous system (CNS). It is  non-invasive and allows large ...

연구

의학

Collecting Saliva and Measuring Salivary Cortisol and Alpha-amylase in Frail Community Residing Older Adults via Family Caregivers

Salivary measures have emerged in bio-behavioral research that are easy-to-collect, minimally invasive, and relatively inexpensive biologic markers of stress. This article we present the steps for collection and analysis of two salivary assays in research with frail, community residing older adults-salivary cortisol and salivary alpha amylase. The field of salivary bioscience is rapidly advancing and the purpose of this presentation is to provide an update on the developments for investigators interested in integrating these measures into research on aging. Strategies are presented for instructing family caregivers in collecting saliva in the home, and for conducting laboratory analyses of salivary analytes that have demonstrated feasibility, high compliance, and yield quality specimens. The protocol for sample collection includes: (1) consistent use of collection materials; (2) standardized methods that promote adherence and minimize subject burden; and (3) procedures for controlling certain confounding agents. We also provide strategies for laboratory analyses include: (1) saliva handling and processing; (2) salivary cortisol and salivary alpha amylase assay procedures; and (3) analytic considerations.

We demonstrate: (1) procedures for collection of salivary samples in cognitive impaired older adults by family caregivers in the home setting, (2) procedures for measuring stress activity via salivary cortisol and alpha amylase, and (3) representative profiles. Protocols that allow researchers to study stress-linked processes advance our understanding of biological sensitivity and susceptibility.

Salivary measures have emerged in bio-behavioral research  that are easy-to-collect, minimally invasive, and relatively inexpensive  biologic markers of ...

Collection, Isolation, and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Human Endocervical Samples

Despite the public health importance of mucosal pathogens (including HIV), relatively little is known about mucosal immunity, particularly at the female genital tract (FGT). Because heterosexual transmission now represents the dominant mechanism of HIV transmission, and given the continual spread of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), it is critical to understand the interplay between host and pathogen at the genital mucosa. The substantial gaps in knowledge around FGT immunity are partially due to the difficulty in successfully collecting and processing mucosal samples. In order to facilitate studies with sufficient sample size, collection techniques must be minimally invasive and efficient. To this end, a protocol for the collection of cervical cytobrush samples and subsequent isolation of cervical mononuclear cells (CMC) has been optimized. Using ex vivo flow cytometry-based immunophenotyping, it is possible to accurately and reliably quantify CMC lymphocyte/monocyte population frequencies and phenotypes. This technique can be coupled with the collection of cervical-vaginal lavage (CVL), which contains soluble immune mediators including cytokines, chemokines and anti-proteases, all of which can be used to determine the anti- or pro-inflammatory environment in the vagina.

The use of cytobrush sampling to collect lymphocytes and monocytes from the endocervix is a minimally invasive technique that provides samples for analysis of female genital tract immunity. In this protocol, we describe the collection of cytobrush samples and immune cell isolation for flow cytometry assays.

컬렉션, 격리, 인간 자궁 경부 샘플의 유세포 분석

Despite the public health importance of mucosal pathogens (including HIV), relatively little is known about mucosal immunity, particularly at the female ...

A Radio-telemetric System to Monitor Cardiovascular Function in Rats with Spinal Cord Transection and Embryonic Neural Stem Cell Grafts

High thoracic or cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) can lead to cardiovascular dysfunction. To monitor cardiovascular parameters, we implanted a catheter connected to a radio transmitter into the femoral artery of rats that underwent a T4 spinal cord transection with or without grafting of embryonic brainstem-derived neural stem cells expressing green fluorescent protein. Compared to other methods such as cannula insertion or tail-cuff, telemetry is advantageous to continuously monitor blood pressure and heart rate in freely moving animals. It is also capable of long term multiple data acquisitions. In spinal cord injured rats, basal cardiovascular data under unrestrained condition and autonomic dysreflexia in response to colorectal distension were successfully recorded. In addition, cardiovascular parameters before and after SCI can be compared in the same rat if a transmitter is implanted before a spinal cord transection. One limitation of the described telemetry procedure is that implantation in the femoral artery may influence the blood supply to the ipsilateral hindlimb.

We present a protocol for using a radio-telemetric system to record cardiovascular parameters in T4 spinal cord transected rats eight weeks after embryonic brainstem neural stem cell grafting into the lesion site. Telemetry is an advanced technique to accurately evaluate cardiovascular function in conscious freely moving spinal cord injured rats.

무선 원격 측정 시스템은 척수 절개 및 배아 신경 세포 이식 줄기와 흰쥐의 심장 혈관 기능을 모니터링 할 수

High thoracic or cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) can lead to cardiovascular dysfunction. To monitor cardiovascular parameters, we implanted a catheter ...

Rapid Fractionation and Isolation of Whole Blood Components in Samples Obtained from a Community-based Setting

Collection and processing of whole blood samples in a non-clinical setting offers a unique opportunity to evaluate community-dwelling individuals both with and without preexisting conditions. Rapid processing of these samples is essential to avoid degradation of key cellular components. Included here are methods for simultaneous peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC), DNA, RNA and serum isolation from a single blood draw performed in the homes of consenting participants across a metropolitan area, with processing initiated within 2 hr of collection. We have used these techniques to process over 1,600 blood specimens yielding consistent, high quality material, which has subsequently been used in successful DNA methylation, genotyping, gene expression and flow cytometry analyses. Some of the methods employed are standard; however, when combined in the described manner, they enable efficient processing of samples from participants of population- and/or community-based studies who would not normally be evaluated in a clinical setting. Therefore, this protocol has the potential to obtain samples (and subsequently data) that are more representative of the general population.

We outline a methodology for the processing of whole blood to obtain a variety of components for further analysis. We have optimized a streamlined protocol that enables rapid, high-throughput simultaneous processing of whole blood samples in a non-clinical setting.

지역 사회 기반의 설정에서 획득 샘플의 신속한 분별 및 전체 혈액 성분의 분리

Collection and processing of whole blood samples in a non-clinical setting offers a unique opportunity to evaluate community-dwelling individuals both ...

A Reproducible Computerized Method for Quantitation of Capillary Density using Nailfold Capillaroscopy

Capillaroscopy is a non-invasive, efficient, relatively inexpensive and easy to learn methodology for directly visualizing the microcirculation. The capillaroscopy technique can provide insight into a patient&#8217;s microvascular health, leading to a variety of potentially valuable dermatologic, ophthalmologic, rheumatologic and cardiovascular clinical applications. In addition, tumor growth may be dependent on angiogenesis, which can be quantitated by measuring microvessel density within the tumor. However, there is currently little to no standardization of techniques, and only one publication to date reports the reliability of a currently available, complex computer based algorithms for quantitating capillaroscopy data.1 This paper describes a new, simpler, reliable, standardized capillary counting algorithm for quantitating nailfold capillaroscopy data. A simple, reproducible computerized capillaroscopy algorithm such as this would facilitate more widespread use of the technique among researchers and clinicians. Many researchers currently analyze capillaroscopy images by hand, promoting user fatigue and subjectivity of the results. This paper describes a novel, easy-to-use automated image processing algorithm in addition to a reproducible, semi-automated counting algorithm. This algorithm enables analysis of images in minutes while reducing subjectivity; only a minimal amount of training time (in our experience, less than 1 hr) is needed to learn the technique.

Capillaroscopy is a non-invasive, efficient, relatively inexpensive and easy-to-learn methodology for directly visualizing capillaries in the microcirculation. However, only one publication to date describes the reliability of a complex software program available for quantitating capillaroscopy data. Here, we present a simple, reliable protocol for quantitating capillaries using a standardized algorithm.

Nailfold Capillaroscopy를 사용하여 모세관 밀도의 정량에 대한 재현 전산 방법

Capillaroscopy is a non-invasive, efficient, relatively inexpensive and easy to learn methodology for directly visualizing the microcirculation. The ...

Transarterial Administration of Oncolytic Viruses for Locoregional Therapy of Orthotopic HCC in Rats

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a disease with limited treatment options and poor prognosis. In recent years, oncolytic virotherapies have proven themselves to be potentially powerful tools to fight malignancy. Due to the unique dual blood supply in the liver, it is possible to apply therapies locally to orthotopic liver tumors, which are predominantly fed by arterial blood flow. We have previously demonstrated that hepatic arterial delivery of oncolytic viruses results in safe and efficient transduction efficiency of multifocal HCC lesions, resulting in significant prolongation of survival in immune competent rats. This procedure closely mimics the application of transarterial embolization in patients, which is the standard palliative care provided to many HCC patients. The ability to administer tumor therapies through the hepatic artery in rats allows for a highly sophisticated preclinical model for evaluating novel viral vectors under development. Here we describe the detailed protocol for microdissection of the hepatic artery for infusion of oncolytic virus vectors to treat orthotopic HCC.

Oncolytic virotherapies are under development as novel therapeutics for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here we describe a method for locoregional therapy of HCC via hepatic arterial administration of oncolytic virus.

쥐에서 동소 이식 간세포 암의 국소 치료에 대한 종양 살상 바이러스의 간동맥 관리

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a disease with limited treatment options and poor prognosis.  In recent years, oncolytic virotherapies have proven ...

Murine Oropharyngeal Aspiration Model of Ventilator-associated and Hospital-acquired Bacterial Pneumonia

Murine infection models are critical for understanding disease pathogenesis and testing the efficacy of novel therapeutics designed to combat causative pathogens. Infectious pneumonia is among the most common infections presented by patients in the clinic and thus warrants an appropriate in vivo model. Typical pneumonia models use intranasal inoculation, which deposits excessive organisms outside the lung, causing off-target complications and symptoms, such as sinusitis, gastritis, enteritis, physical trauma, or microparticle misting to mimic aerosol spread more typical of viral, tuberculous, or fungal pneumonia. These models do not accurately reflect the pathogenesis of typical community- or healthcare-acquired bacterial pneumonia. In contrast, this murine model of oropharyngeal aspiration pneumonia mimics the droplet route in healthcare-acquired pneumonia. Inoculating 50 &#181;L of the bacteria suspension into the oropharynx of anesthetized mice causes reflexive aspiration, which results in pneumonia. With this model, one can examine the pathogenesis of pneumonia-causing pathogens and new treatments to combat these diseases.

Infectious pneumonia is among the most common infections in human. An appropriate in vivo model is critical for understanding disease pathogenesis and testing the efficacy of novel therapeutics. With this murine oropharyngeal aspiration pneumonia model, one can examine the pathogenesis and new treatments against these deadly infections.

호흡기 관련 및 병원-획득 세균성 폐 렴의 murine Oropharyngeal 포부 모델

Murine infection models are critical for understanding disease pathogenesis and testing the efficacy of novel therapeutics designed to combat causative ...

A Training Program Using an Agility Ladder for Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Aging impairs physical and cognitive functions and limits daily activities. Agility training can improve or maintain physical functioning in older people. The purpose of this study is to report the physical fitness benefits of a training program for independent community-dwelling older adults using an agility ladder. Each training session lasted approximately 30 minutes, and the benefits were achieved with two sessions per week for 14 weeks. Training was timed and involved four different drills and varying levels of difficulty through time. The exercises were performed at the School of Physical Education of the University of Campinas, S&#227;o Paulo state, Brazil. The study participants (n = 16; mean age of 66.9 &#177; 5.0 years) were instructed to perform the exercises as quickly as possible without making mistakes and were assisted by a physical trainer when they made mistakes. Assessments were performed both before and after training using five functional tests (i.e., Illinois agility, five times sit-to-stand, timed up-and-go, walking usual speed, and one-leg stand). Although the study sample was not compared with a control group, the results indicate that training protocols using an agility ladder are easy and practical and improve physical function performance in older adults.

The aim of this study is to present an agility training program for older people. The feasibility of this program is described, and the training protocol demonstrated by video imaging.

지역 사회 거주 노인을위한 민첩성 사다리를 사용하는 교육 프로그램

Aging impairs physical and cognitive functions and limits daily activities. Agility training can improve or maintain physical functioning in older people. ...

Using a Chemical Biopsy for Graft Quality Assessment

Kidney transplantation is a life-saving treatment for a large number of people with end-stage renal dysfunction worldwide. The procedure is associated with an increased survival rate and greater quality of patient&#8217;s life when compared to conventional dialysis. Regrettably, transplantology suffers from a lack of reliable methods for organ quality assessment. Standard diagnostic techniques are limited to macroscopic appearance inspection or invasive tissue biopsy, which do not provide comprehensive information about the graft. The proposed protocol aims to introduce solid phase microextraction (SPME) as an ideal analytical method for comprehensive metabolomics and lipidomic analysis of all low molecular compounds present in kidneys allocated for transplantation. The small size of the SPME probe enables performance of a chemical biopsy, which enables extraction of metabolites directly from the organ without any tissue collection. The minimum invasiveness of the method permits execution of multiple analyses over time: directly after organ harvesting, during its preservation, and immediately after revascularization at the recipient&#8217;s body. It is hypothesized that the combination of this novel sampling method with a high-resolution mass spectrometer will allow for discrimination of a set of characteristic compounds that could serve as biological markers of graft quality and indicators of possible development of organ dysfunction.

The protocol presents utilization of the chemical biopsy approach followed by comprehensive metabolomic and lipidomic analysis for quality assessment of kidney grafts allocated for transplantation.

이식 품질 평가를 위해 화학 생검 사용

Kidney transplantation is a life-saving treatment for a large number of people with end-stage renal dysfunction worldwide. The procedure is associated ...