Biz el yazması yardım, teknik yardım, de rakamlar ve Fairview Görüntüleme Hizmetleri ile yardım için Jerrald Spencer Jr için Gary Williams için model üretimi ve ölçümleri, Monica Mahre ile yardım için Dionna Gamble, Allison Larson ve Katia Torres kabul etmek istiyorum University of Minnesota. Fon Medtronic Inc ile bir araştırma sözleşmeden Tıp Mühendisliği Enstitüsü (Minnesota Üniversitesi) ve kısmen kabul edildi

Prosedür Tablo 1 işlemi sırasında kullanılan malzemelerin özetlemektedir. Şekil 1, sürecin bir bakış sağlar. 1. Numune ve Tarama Hazırlama <ol><li> Kendi diyastol sonu durumda tamponlu formalin% 10 bunları düzeltmek taze ve daha sonra perfüzyon izole insan kalpleri alın. </li><li> Formalin çoğunluğu kaldırmak amacıyla tarama gün önce suda taranacak kalpleri durulayın. </li><li> Tarayıcı gitmeden önce, bir venogram balon kateter ile her kalp içinde koroner sinüs (CS) ven cannulate. Ya doğrudan görüş altında üstün veya aşağı vena kava veya videoskoplar aracılığıyla CS erişim sağlamak. </li><li> Bir kez yerinde, CS kateter çapa bu venogram kateter balon şişirmek. </li><li> Şekilde dizayn edilmiş bir sünger üzerine bir yapışmalı polimer kap içinde her kalp yerleştirinKalp kendi davranışsal doğru anatomik pozisyonda oturabilir. </li></ol> 2. Bilgisayarlı Tomografi tarar <ol><li> Bir hasta yatar ve tarayıcı ilk kafa yatıyordu sanki CT tarayıcı yatakta belirli bir kalp yerleştirin. </li><li> Buna için, bir ve tuzlu su için bir: iki enjeksiyon iğneleri içeren bir enjektöre venogram kateterin proksimal ucunu. </li><li> Otomatik olarak 5 ml / sn kalp venöz sisteme kontrast 40 ml enjekte edilir. </li><li> Kontrast enjeksiyonu başlatılır sonra CT kalbinde 8 sn tarayın. 0.6 mm kesit kalınlığı ile 512 x 512 piksel çözünürlük için BT ayarlayın. </li><li> Karşıtlığı otomatik olarak dışarı atılması için 5 ml / sn kalp venöz sisteme tuzlu 40 ml enjekte edilir. </li><li> Harici bir sabit disk üzerine CT DICOM görüntüleri ihracat. </li></ol> 3. İmar ve Ölçümler <ol><li> Mimics Yazılım içine CT DICOM resim yüklemek. </li><li> BT imag için bir maske oluşturmaksadece kalp sadece kontrast mevcut vurgulamak için yüksek Hounsfield birimleri ile piksel içerir es. </li><li> Maske sadece büyük kalp damarları içinde kontrast içerecek şekilde doku içine odaları veya dağınık döküldü kontrast çıkarın. </li><li> El kare, belirli bir damar çerçevesinde hava cepleri doldurmak. </li><li> Çıkan maskesi bir 3D nesne oluşturmak. </li><li> Kaba geometrileri ortadan kaldırmak için bu nesne pürüzsüz ve sarın. Video 1 uzayda dönen bu 3 boyutlu modeller biri olduğu bilinmektedir. </li><li> Oluşturulan her bir 3D model için merkez oluşturmak. </li><li> Bu merkez kullanarak, her kalp her büyük gemi için yay uzunluğu, dallanma açısı, kıvrım (ark uzunluğu / doğrusal mesafe) ve çapları ölçmek. Bizim istihdam anatomik isimlendirme Şekil 2&#39;de görüntülenir. </li></ol>

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Çıkar çatışması ilan etti.

Laboratuvarımız çeşitli anatomik araştırmalar için perfüzyon-sabit kalp örneklerinin bir kütüphane geliştiriyor. Bugüne kadar, biz 240 korunmuş örnekleri üzerinde var. Bu örneklerin hazırlanması için kullanılan adres özel yöntemler, daha önce 3 &#39;te tarif edilmiştir. Bu çalışma, insan kalp venöz sistemi haritalama için ve damarlar içinde istihdam kalp cihazların tasarımı için kullanılabilecek bir anatomik veritabanı, gelişimi için yeni bir metodoloji anlatılmaktadır...

anatomical reconstructions of the human cardiac venous system using contrast-computed tomography of perfusion-fixed specimens

Insan kalp damar sistemi içinde karmaşıklığı ve göreli değişkenlik ayrıntılı bir anlaşılması, bu damarların erişimi gerektiren kardiyak cihazların gelişimi için çok önemlidir. Örneğin, kalp damar anatomi Bu nedenle, insan kalp damar sistemleri için anatomik bir parametre veritabanı geliştirilmesi CRT teslimat tasarımında yardımcı olabilir kardiyak resenkronizasyonun uygun şekilde teslim (CRT) 1 için temel sınırlamalar biri olarak bilinir Böyle bir sınırlama aşmak için cihazlar. Bu araştırma projesi olarak, anatomik parametreleri kontrast-bilgisayarlı tomografi (BT) görüntüleme ve modelleme yazılımı (Materialise, Leuven, Belçika) kullanılarak venöz sistemin 3D rekonstrüksiyon elde edilmiştir. Yay uzunluğu, kıvrım, dallanma açısı, koroner sinüs ostium mesafesinde ve damar çapı: Aşağıdaki parametreler her damar için değerlendirildi. CRT pati için potansiyel bir tedavi yöntemidirelektromekanik dissenkroni ile veliler. Kalp yetmezliği hastaların yaklaşık% 10-20 CRT 2 yararlanabilir. Elektromekanik dissenkroni erken ya da geç kalp normal iletim yolu daha miyokard etkinleştirmek ve sözleşme bu parçaları anlamına gelir. CRT olarak, miyokardın dyssynchronous alanları elektriksel stimülasyon ile tedavi edilir. CRT kalp pili genellikle daha yeniden senkronize ritimleri üretmek için sağ atrium (RA), sağ ventrikül (RV) ve sol ventrikül (LV) teşvik pace yol içerir. LV kurşun genellikle son miyokard aktivasyon site içinde bu kaplamak amacıyla, bir kalp damar içinde yerleştirilir. Biz modelleri elde edilen ve analizler bunların hastalar, öğrenciler, klinisyenler ve tıbbi cihaz tasarımcıları için anatomik eğitimi teşvik inanıyoruz. Burada kullanılan yöntemler aynı zamanda gibi insan kalp örneklerin diğer anatomik özellikleri, çalışma için kullanılabilirkoroner arterler. Daha bu araştırmanın eğitim değeri teşvik etmek, bizim ücretsiz web venöz modelleri paylaştı: <a href="http://www.vhlab.umn.edu/atlas" target="_blank">www.vhlab.umn.edu / atlas</a> .

Tablo 2 42 insan kalbi örnekler için büyük kalp damarları için orta anatomik parametreleri sunar. Tüm kalp örnekler bir posterior interventriküler ven (PIV) ve ön interventriküler ven (AIV) içeriyordu. Diğer kalpler bir ya da vardı olmayabilir Bazı örnekler, LV (PVLV), posterolateral ven (PLV), sol lateral ven (LLV), ve / veya ön-yan ven (ALV) birden fazla posterior ven yer Bu özel damarlar iki sunuyoruz. <table border="1"><tbody><tr><td> Kullanılan Malzeme </td><...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Anatomical Reconstructions of the Human Cardiac Venous System using Contrast-computed Tomography of Perfusion-fixed Specimens at JoVE.com

Anatomical Reconstructions of the Human Cardiac Venous System using Contrast-computed Tomography of Perfusion-fixed Specimens

Bu araştırmanın amacı yeniden ve daha sonra kontrast-bilgisayarlı tomografi taramaları üretilen 3D rekonstrüksiyon kullanarak insan kalp venöz sisteminin anatomisi erişmektir.

Kontrast-bilgisayarlı Perfüzyon-sabit Örneklerinin Tomografi kullanarak İnsan Kardiyak Venöz Sistemi anatomik yeniden düzenlemesi

A detailed  understanding of the complexity and relative variability within the human  cardiac venous system is crucial for the development of cardiac ...

anatomical-reconstructions-human-cardiac-venous-system-using-contrast

Research

JoVE Journal

Bioengineering

11.7K Görüntüleme.  University of Minnesota. Bu araştırmanın amacı yeniden ve daha sonra kontrast-bilgisayarlı tomografi taramaları üretilen 3D rekonstrüksiyon kullanarak insan kalp venöz sisteminin anatomisi erişmektir.

Video: Anatomical Reconstructions of the Human Cardiac Venous System using Contrast-computed Tomography of Perfusion-fixed Specimens

Bacterial Detection &amp; Identification Using Electrochemical Sensors

Electrochemical sensors are widely used for rapid and accurate measurement of blood glucose and can be adapted for detection of a wide variety of analytes. Electrochemical sensors operate by transducing a biological recognition event into a useful electrical signal. Signal transduction occurs by coupling the activity of a redox enzyme to an amperometric electrode. Sensor specificity is either an inherent characteristic of the enzyme, glucose oxidase in the case of a glucose sensor, or a product of linkage between the enzyme and an antibody or probe.
Here, we describe an electrochemical sensor assay method to directly detect and identify bacteria. In every case, the probes described here are DNA oligonucleotides. This method is based on sandwich hybridization of capture and detector probes with target ribosomal RNA (rRNA). The capture probe is anchored to the sensor surface, while the detector probe is linked to horseradish peroxidase (HRP). When a substrate such as 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) is added to an electrode with capture-target-detector complexes bound to its surface, the substrate is oxidized by HRP and reduced by the working electrode. This redox cycle results in shuttling of electrons by the substrate from the electrode to HRP, producing current flow in the electrode.

We describe an electrochemical sensor assay method for rapid bacterial detection and identification. The assay involves a sensor array functionalized with DNA oligonucleotide capture probes for ribosomal RNA (rRNA) species-specific sequences. Sandwich hybridization of target rRNA with the capture probe and a horseradish peroxidase-linked DNA oligonucleotide detector probe produces a measurable amperometric current.

Elektrokimyasal Sensörler kullanarak Bakteriyel Algılama ve Tanıma

Electrochemical  sensors are widely used for rapid and accurate measurement of blood glucose and  can be adapted for detection of a wide variety of ...

Biyomühendislik

Culturing Mouse Cardiac Valves in the Miniature Tissue Culture System

Heart valve disease is a major burden in the Western world and no effective treatment is available. This is mainly due to a lack of knowledge of the molecular, cellular and mechanical mechanisms underlying the maintenance and/or loss of the valvular structure. 
Current models used to study valvular biology include in vitro cultures of valvular endothelial and interstitial cells. Although, in vitro culturing models provide both cellular and molecular mechanisms, the mechanisms involved in the 3D-organization of the valve remain unclear. While in vivo models have provided insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying valvular development, insight into adult valvular biology is still elusive. 
In order to be able to study the regulation of the valvular 3D-organization on tissue, cellular and molecular levels, we have developed the Miniature Tissue Culture System. In this ex vivo flow model the mitral or the aortic valve is cultured in its natural position in the heart. The natural configuration and composition of the leaflet are maintained allowing the most natural response of the valvular cells to stimuli. The valves remain viable and are responsive to changing environmental conditions. This MTCS may provide advantages on studying questions including but not limited to, how does the 3D organization affect valvular biology, what factors affect 3D organization of the valve, and which network of signaling pathways regulates the 3D organization of the valve.

Here, we present an ex vivo flow model in which murine cardiac valves can be cultured allowing the study of the biology of the valve.

Minyatür Doku Kültürü Sistemde Fare Kalp Vanalar Kültürleme

Heart valve disease is a major burden in the Western world and no effective treatment is available. This is mainly due to a lack of knowledge of the ...

Construction of Defined Human Engineered Cardiac Tissues to Study Mechanisms of Cardiac Cell Therapy

Human cardiac tissue engineering can fundamentally impact therapeutic discovery through the development of new species-specific screening systems that replicate the biofidelity of three-dimensional native human myocardium, while also enabling a controlled level of biological complexity, and allowing non-destructive longitudinal monitoring of tissue contractile function. Initially, human engineered cardiac tissues (hECT) were created using the entire cell population obtained from directed differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells, which typically yielded less than 50% cardiomyocytes. However, to create reliable predictive models of human myocardium, and to elucidate mechanisms of heterocellular interaction, it is essential to accurately control the biological composition in engineered tissues. 
To address this limitation, we utilize live cell sorting for the cardiac surface marker SIRP&#945; and the fibroblast marker CD90 to create tissues containing a 3:1 ratio of these cell types, respectively, that are then mixed together and added to a collagen-based matrix solution. Resulting hECTs are, thus, completely defined in both their cellular and extracellular matrix composition.
Here we describe the construction of defined hECTs as a model system to understand mechanisms of cell-cell interactions in cell therapies, using an example of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) that are currently being used in human clinical trials. The defined tissue composition is imperative to understand how the hMSCs may be interacting with the endogenous cardiac cell types to enhance tissue function. A bioreactor system is also described that simultaneously cultures six hECTs in parallel, permitting more efficient use of the cells after sorting.

This manuscript describes the creation of defined engineered cardiac tissues using surface marker expression and cell sorting. The defined tissues can then be used in a multi-tissue bioreactor to investigate mechanisms of cardiac cell therapy in order to provide a functional, yet controlled, model system of the human heart.

Tanımlı İnsan Engineered Kalp Dokuların inşaatı Kardiyak Hücre Tedavisinin Mekanizmaları Eğitim için

Human cardiac tissue engineering can fundamentally impact therapeutic discovery through the development of new species-specific screening systems that ...

In Vivo Quantitative Assessment of Myocardial Structure, Function, Perfusion and Viability Using Cardiac Micro-computed Tomography

The use of Micro-Computed Tomography (MicroCT) for in vivo studies of small animals as models of human disease has risen tremendously due to the fact that MicroCT provides quantitative high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) anatomical data non-destructively and longitudinally. Most importantly, with the development of a novel preclinical iodinated contrast agent called eXIA160, functional and metabolic assessment of the heart became possible. However, prior to the advent of commercial MicroCT scanners equipped with X-ray flat-panel detector technology and easy-to-use cardio-respiratory gating, preclinical studies of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in small animals required a MicroCT technologist with advanced skills, and thus were impractical for widespread implementation. The goal of this work is to provide a practical guide to the use of the high-speed Quantum FX MicroCT system for comprehensive determination of myocardial global and regional function along with assessment of myocardial perfusion, metabolism and viability in healthy mice and in a cardiac ischemia mouse model induced by permanent occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD).

In Vivo Quantitative Assessment of Myocardial Structure, Function, Perfusion and Viability Using Cardiac Micro-computed Tomography

This method outlines the use of Quantum Micro-Computed Tomography (MicroCT) to assess cardiac morphology, function, perfusion, metabolism and viability with iodinated contrast agent in mice with experimentally-induced myocardial ischemia. The technique can be applied for non-destructive high-throughput longitudinal in vivo imaging of various animal models of human heart disease.

Miyokard Yapı, Fonksiyon Vivo Kantitatif Değerlendirilmesi yılında Perfüzyon ve Canlılık Kardiyak Mikro-bilgisayarlı Tomografi ile

The use of Micro-Computed Tomography (MicroCT) for in vivo studies of small animals as models of human disease has risen tremendously due to the fact that ...

Using Extraordinary Optical Transmission to Quantify Cardiac Biomarkers in Human Serum

For a biosensing platform to have clinical relevance in point-of-care (POC) settings, assay sensitivity, reproducibility, and ability to reliably monitor analytes against the background of human serum are crucial.
Nanoimprinting lithography (NIL) was used to fabricate, at a low cost, sensing areas as large as 1.5 mm x 1.5 mm. The sensing surface was made of high-fidelity arrays of nanoholes, each with an area of about 140 nm2. The great reproducibility of NIL made it possible to employ a one-chip, one-measurement strategy on 12 individually manufactured surfaces, with minimal chip-to-chip variation. These nanoimprinted localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) chips were extensively tested on their ability to reliably measure a bioanalyte at concentrations varying from 2.5 to 75 ng/mL amidst the background of a complex biofluid-in this case, human serum. The high fidelity of NIL enables the generation of large sensing areas, which in turn eliminates the need for a microscope, as this biosensor can be easily interfaced with a commonly available laboratory light source. These biosensors can detect cardiac troponin in serum with a high sensitivity, at a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.55 ng/mL, which is clinically relevant. They also show low chip-to-chip variance (due to the high quality of the fabrication process). The results are commensurable with widely used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-based assays, but the technique retains the advantages of an LSPR-based sensing platform (i.e., amenability to miniaturization and multiplexing, making it more feasible for POC applications).

This work describes a nanoimprinting lithography method to fabricate high-quality sensing arrays that work on the principle of extraordinary optical transmission. The biosensor is low-cost, robust, easy to use, and can detect cardiac troponin I in serum at clinically relevant concentrations (99th percentile cutoff &#8764;10-400 pg/mL, depending on the assay).

İnsan Serumda kardiyak biyolojik ölçmek için olağanüstü optik iletim kullanma

For a biosensing platform to have clinical relevance in point-of-care (POC) settings, assay sensitivity, reproducibility, and ability to reliably monitor ...

Efficient Generation and Editing of Feeder-free IPSCs from Human Pancreatic Cells Using the CRISPR-Cas9 System

Embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells can self-renew and differentiate into multiple cell types of the body. The pluripotent cells are thus coveted for research in regenerative medicine and are currently in clinical trials for eye diseases, diabetes, heart diseases, and other disorders. The potential to differentiate into specialized cell types coupled with the recent advances in genome editing technologies including the CRISPR/Cas system have provided additional opportunities for tailoring the genome of iPSC for varied applications including disease modeling, gene therapy, and biasing pathways of differentiation, to name a few. Among the available editing technologies, the CRISPR/Cas9 from Streptococcus pyogenes has emerged as a tool of choice for site-specific editing of the eukaryotic genome. The CRISPRs are easily accessible, inexpensive, and highly efficient in engineering targeted edits. The system requires a Cas9 nuclease and a guide sequence (20-mer) specific to the genomic target abutting a 3-nucleotide &#34;NGG&#34; protospacer-adjacent-motif (PAM) for targeting Cas9 to the desired genomic locus, alongside a universal Cas9 binding tracer RNA (together called single guide RNA or sgRNA). Here we present a step-by-step protocol for efficient generation of feeder-independent and footprint-free iPSC and describe methodologies for genome editing of iPSC using the Cas9 ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes. The genome editing protocol is effective and can be easily multiplexed by pre-complexing sgRNAs for more than one target with the Cas9 protein and simultaneously delivering into the cells. Finally, we describe a simplified approach for identification and characterization of iPSCs with desired edits. Taken together, the outlined strategies are expected to streamline generation and editing of iPSC for manifold applications.

This protocol describes in detail the generation of footprint-free induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from human pancreatic cells in feeder-free conditions, followed by editing using CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoproteins and characterization of the modified single-cell clones.

Verimli üretimi ve besleyici-Alerjik IPSCs CRISPR-Cas9 sistemini kullanarak insan pankreas hücreleri düzenleme

Embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells can self-renew and differentiate into multiple cell types of the body. The pluripotent cells are thus coveted ...

A Net Mold-based Method of Scaffold-free Three-Dimensional Cardiac Tissue Creation

This protocol describes a novel and easy net mold-based method to create three-dimensional (3-D) cardiac tissues without additional scaffold material. Human-induced pluripotent stem-cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs), human cardiac fibroblasts (HCFs), and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) are isolated and used to generate a cell suspension with 70% iPSC-CMs, 15% HCFs, and 15% HUVECs. They are co-cultured in an ultra-low attachment "hanging drop" system, which contains micropores for condensing hundreds of spheroids at one time. The cells aggregate and spontaneously form beating spheroids after 3 days of co-culture. The spheroids are harvested, seeded into a novel mold cavity, and cultured on a shaker in the incubator. The spheroids become a mature functional tissue approximately 7 days after seeding. The resultant multilayered tissues consist of fused spheroids with satisfactory structural integrity and synchronous beating behavior. This new method has promising potential as a reproducible and cost-effective method to create engineered tissues for the treatment of heart failure in the future.

This protocol describes a net mold-based method to create three-dimensional scaffold-free cardiac tissues with satisfactory structural integrity and synchronous beating behavior.

Net kalıp tabanlı yöntemi iskele ücretsiz üç boyutlu kalp doku oluşturma

This protocol describes a novel and easy net mold-based method to create three-dimensional (3-D) cardiac tissues without additional scaffold material. ...

Rigid Embedding of Fixed and Stained, Whole, Millimeter-Scale Specimens for Section-free 3D Histology by Micro-Computed Tomography

For over a hundred years, the histological study of tissues has been the gold standard for medical diagnosis because histology allows all cell types in every tissue to be identified and characterized. Our laboratory is actively working to make technological advances in X-ray micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) that will bring the diagnostic power of histology to the study of full tissue volumes at cellular resolution (i.e., an X-ray Histo-tomography modality). Toward this end, we have made targeted improvements to the sample preparation pipeline. One key optimization, and the focus of the present work, is a straightforward method for rigid embedding of fixed and stained millimeter-scale samples. Many of the published methods for sample immobilization and correlative micro-CT imaging rely on placing the samples in paraffin wax, agarose, or liquids such as alcohol. Our approach extends this work with custom procedures and the design of a 3-dimensional printable apparatus to embed the samples in an acrylic resin directly into polyimide tubing, which is relatively transparent to X-rays. Herein, sample preparation procedures are described for the samples from 0.5 to 10 mm in diameter, which would be suitable for whole zebrafish larvae and juveniles, or other animals and tissue samples of similar dimensions. As proof of concept, we have embedded the specimens from Danio, Drosophila, Daphnia, and a mouse embryo; representative images from 3-dimensional scans for three of these samples are shown. Importantly, our methodology leads to multiple benefits including rigid immobilization, long-term preservation of laboriously-created resources, and the ability to re-interrogate samples.

We developed protocols and designed a custom apparatus to enable embedding of millimeter-scale specimens. We present sample preparation procedures with an emphasis on embedding in acrylic resin and polyimide tubing to achieve rigid immobilization and long-term storage of specimens for the interrogation of tissue architecture and cell morphology by micro-CT.

Katı, sabit ve lekeli, genel olarak, milimetre ölçekli örnekler için bölüm ücretsiz 3D Histoloji mikro bilgisayarlı tomografi tarafından katıştırma

For over a hundred years, the histological study of tissues has been the gold standard for medical diagnosis because histology allows all cell types in ...

Intra-cardiac Side-Firing Light Catheter for Monitoring Cellular Metabolism using Transmural Absorbance Spectroscopy of Perfused Mammalian Hearts

Absorbance spectroscopy of cardiac muscle provides non-destructive assessment of cytosolic and mitochondrial oxygenation via myoglobin and cytochrome absorbance respectively. In addition, numerous aspects of the mitochondrial metabolic status such as membrane potential and substrate entry can also be estimated. To perform cardiac wall transmission optical spectroscopy, a commercially available side-firing optical fiber catheter is placed in the left ventricle of the isolated perfused heart as a light source. Light passing through the heart wall is collected with an external optical fiber to perform optical spectroscopy of the heart in near real- time. The transmission approach avoids numerous surface scattering interference occurring in widely used reflection approaches. Changes in transmural absorbance spectra were deconvolved using a library of chromophore reference spectra, providing quantitative measures of all the known cardiac chromophores simultaneously. This spectral deconvolution approach eliminated intrinsic errors that may result from using common dual wavelength methods applied to overlapping absorbance spectra, as well as provided a quantitative evaluation of the goodness of fit. A custom program was designed for data acquisition and analysis, which permitted the investigator to monitor the metabolic state of the preparation during the experiment. These relatively simple additions to the standard heart perfusion system provide a unique insight into the metabolic state of the heart wall in addition to conventional measures of contraction, perfusion, and substrate/oxygen extraction.

Here we introduce a method for using an intra-ventricle optical catheter in perfused hearts to perform absorbance spectroscopy across the heart wall. The data obtained provides robust information on tissue oxygen tension as well as substrate utilization and membrane potential simultaneously with cardiac performance measures in this ubiquitous preparation.

Perfkullanılmış Mammalin kalpleri transmural absorbance spektroskopisi kullanarak hücresel metabolizmayı Izleme için kalp içi yan ateş ışık kateter

Absorbance spectroscopy of cardiac muscle provides non-destructive assessment of cytosolic and mitochondrial oxygenation via myoglobin and cytochrome ...

Use of Micro X-ray Computed Tomography with Phosphotungstic Acid Preparation to Visualize Human Fibromuscular Tissue

Manual dissection and histological observation are common methods used to investigate human tissues. However, manual dissection can damage delicate structures&#160;while processing and histological observation provide limited information through cross-sectional imaging. Micro X-ray computed tomography (microCT) is an effective tool for obtaining three-dimensional information without damaging specimens. However, it shows limited efficiency in differentiating soft tissue parts. Use of contrast-enhancing agents, like phosphotungstic acid (PTA), can solve this problem by improving soft tissue contrast. We implemented microCT with PTA to investigate the human orbicularis retaining ligament (ORL), which is a delicate structure in the orbit area. In this method, harvested specimens are fixed in formalin, dehydrated in serial ethanol solutions, and stained with a PTA solution. After staining, microCT scanning, 3D reconstruction, and analysis are performed. Skin, ligaments, and muscles can be clearly visualized using this method. The specimen size and duration of staining are essential features of the method. The suitable specimen thickness was about 5&#8211;7 mm, above which the process was slowed, and the optimum duration was 5&#8211;7 days, below which an empty hole in the central area occasionally occurred. To maintain the location and direction of small pieces during cutting, sewing on the same region of each part is recommended. Furthermore, preliminary analyses of the anatomical structure are needed to correctly identify each piece. Parafilm can be used to prevent drying, but care should be taken to prevent specimen distortion. Our multidirectional observation showed that the ORL is composed of a multilayered meshwork of continuous plates, rather than thread-like fibers, as reported previously. These results suggest that microCT scanning with PTA is useful for examining specific compartments within complex structures of human tissue. It may be helpful in the analyses of cancer tissues, nerve tissues, and various organs, like the heart and liver.

Micro X-ray computed tomography is effective in obtaining three-dimensional information from undamaged human specimens but has limited success in observing soft tissues. The use of phosphotungstic acid contrast agent can resolve this issue. We implemented this contrast agent to examine human delicate fibromuscular tissues (the orbicularis retaining ligament).

İnsan Fibromusküler Doku Görselleştirmek için Fosfotungstik Asit Hazırlık ile Mikro X-Ray Bilgisayarlı Tomografi Kullanımı

Manual dissection and histological observation are common methods used to investigate human tissues. However, manual dissection can damage delicate ...