Bu çalışma, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (; KL 1415/3-2 ve KL 1415/4-2 DFG) tarafından desteklenmiştir.

1. Hazırlık <ol><li> Kültür kaplarına hazırlanması <ol><li> Çözülme Kollajen Tip 4 de IV O / N ° C ve% 0.1 steril asetik asit içinde çözülür. Kullanmak için ses hücreleri numaralı seribaşı için olduğu yemekler türüne ve sayısına bağlıdır. 2 mg / cm 2 kullanın. </li><li> En az 1 saat oda sıcaklığında inkübe edin ve yemekler için damıtılmış su (A tridest) ile iki kez yıkanır. </li><li> Yemekler düzgün kurumasını bekleyin. </li></ol></li><li> Ortam takviyesi <ol><li> 500 ml orta 1.75 g glukoz ekleyerek kadar 4,5 g / L glikoz düzeyini artırmak. Orta 600 mOsmol ayarlamak için, sırasıyla, 200 ve 100 mOsmol mOsmol tarafından ozmolarite geliştirmek için, 100 mM NaCl ve 100 mM üre ekleyin. </li><li> 600 mOsmol DMEM ortamı,% 1 esansiyel olmayan amino asitler,% 1 ultroser, 500 uM DBcAMP, 20 U / ml nistatin ve 0.25 ug / ml gentamisin (50 ug / ml &#39;lik bir konsantrasyon ile stok solüsyonu 1:200 seyreltme) ekleyin taze hazırlama gününde. </li></ol></li&gt; <li> Enzim çözeltisi <ol><li> 1 mg / ml hiyaluronidaz ile 2.2 mg / ml kollajenaz ekleyin DPBS içeren 0.25 mg / ml gentamisin ve nistatin. 2 böbrek iç medullae parçalamak için bu enzim çözeltisi, 1 ml hazırlayın. Çözelti süzme ile sterilize edilmesi gerekir ve 50 ml Falcon tüpleri içinde depolanır. </li></ol></li></ol> 2. İlköğretim Rat İç Medüller yetiştirme Kanal (IMCD) Hücreleri Toplama Tüm hayvan inceleme işlemleri, yerel ve federal mevzuata uygun olarak yapılacak olan. <ol><li> CO 2 fareler (CO 2 ile doymuş bir kutu içinde) veya izofluran (; 2-2.5% izofluran ile hava akışı 350-400 ml / dk U-400 Anestezi ünitesi, Univentor Ltd, Malta) uyuşturan. Beyazımsı iç ve koyu dış medulla arasındaki sınırın tam tespiti izin kanama için hayvan başını kesmek. Buna ek olarak, kanama izole eritrositlerin sayısını en aza indirir. Böbrekler çıkarın vebuz üzerinde gentamisin ve nystatin (yukarıya bakınız) ile desteklenmiş steril DPBS yıkayın. Bütün adımları steril temiz tezgah koşullar altında yapılacak olan. </li><li> Aşırı sıvı kaldırmak için steril bir kompres üzerine DPBS çözüm böbrek aktarın. Steril forseps ve makas ile yağ böbrek kapsülü çıkarın. </li><li> Böbrek hala kompres sabit dış (kortikal) tarafının uzunlamasına ekseni yanında biraz kesilmiş olması. Tamamen kesmek için, ancak renal pelvis bağlı, tek parça halinde bırakmak değil emin olun. </li><li> Kavisli makas ile dikkatli bir şekilde gül parıltılı dış medulla ile çevrilidir beyazımsı iç medullae, incelemek. Buz üzerinde bir 60 mm kültür çanak gentamisin ve nistatin içeren, DPBS onları toplamak. </li><li> Tüm medullae izole ve buz üzerinde toplanan sonra, sadece tampon ile kaplıdır bir seviyeye DPBS hacmini azaltmak. 5 küpler halinde medullae kesmek için steril bir jilet kullanınmm 3. </li><li> Bir ateşe kısa bir süre tutarak eritin ve steril Pasteur pipet keskin ucunu yuvarlak. Pipet devam etmeden önce soğutulur emin olun. </li><li> Yuvarlak Pasteur pipeti kullanılarak hiyaluronidaz ve kolajenaz (1.3.1) taze olarak hazırlanmış steril bir enzim çözeltisi içeren 50 ml Falcon tüplerine doku süspansiyonu aktarın. Sıkıca kapağını kapatın ve 37 ° C 1.5 için düzenli bir masa su banyosunda sürekli ajitasyon (220 rpm) altında inkübe - 2 saat. </li><li> Süspansiyon ezilerek için, homojen bir süspansiyon bulanık hale gelene kadar yuvarlak Pasteur pipeti (yukarıya bakın) ile bir kaç kez aşağı karışımı pipet ve. </li><li> 300 xg&#39;de 5 dakika ve 16 ° C için süspansiyon santrifüj Süpernatantı atın, pelet tekrar gentamisin ve nystatin ve santrifüj içeren, DPBS iyice tekrar süspansiyon. Bir kez bu yıkama adımı yineleyin. </li><li> Tam takviye orta ve c içine tohum onları hücrelerin tekrar süspansiyonulture yemekler ve / veya mikro-titre iyi plakaları. 2 medullae (1 hayvan) hazırlanması biri 60 mm kültür çanak için yeterli hücreleri verecektir. </li><li> 24 saat sonra, 600 mOsmol DMEM ile iki kez yıkama ve hücreler taze ortam ilave edin. Bir sonraki haftada 2-3 kez hücreleri (Şekil 1) yıkanmalıdır. 6-8 gün sonra tohumlama, IMCD hücre deneyleri için de kullanılabilir. Deney başlamadan önce 24 saat DBcAMP ve nystatin olmadan ortamda bunları tasarlamak unutmayın. Aksi takdirde AQP2 plazma zarında sadece yer alacaktır. </li></ol>

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Yazarlar hiçbir rakip mali çıkarlarının olmadığını beyan ederim.

Biz primer sıçan IMCD hücrelerinin hazırlanması ve kültür için ayrıntılı bir protokol mevcut. Bu yaklaşım bir sıçan 20 hücreleri 21 cm 2 kadar verir. Deney, standart hücre kültürü ekipman gerektirir ve yaklaşık 6 saat içinde, tek bir kişi tarafından yapılabilir. Dolayısıyla, bu yaklaşım, bir standart laboratuar yöntemi olarak uygundur. Primer fare IMCD hücreleri, 96 oyuklu plakalar, 60 mm yemekler arasında, farklı büyüklükte kültür...

A correction was made to <a href="http://www.jove.com/video/50366">Culturing Primary Rat Inner Medullary Collecting Duct Cells</a>. There was an error with an author's name. The author's last name had a typo and was corrected to: Enno Klussmann instead of: Enno Klussman

A correction to author list has been made for article Culturing Primary Rat Inner Medullary Collecting Duct Cells.

Erratum: Culturing Primary Rat Inner Medullary Collecting Duct Cells

Böbreğin toplayıcı ana hücrelerde, arjinin-vasopresin (AVP) su ekleme uyararak su emilimini kontrol plazma zarı içine kanal aquaporin 2 (AQP2). AVP adenilat siklaz ve böylece cAMP oluşumunu uyarıcı G-protein çiftli vazopressin tip-2 reseptörü (V2R) bağlanır. Bu sinyal akışının başlatılması protein kinaz A (PKA) aktivasyonuna yol açar. PKA plazma zarı içine hücre içi veziküllerden yeniden dağıtımı için en önemli tetikleyici olan, 256 (S256) serin de AQP2 fosforile. Membran ekleme ozmotik degrade ve ince ayar vücut su dengesinin birlikte su geri emilimini kolaylaştırır. Nedeniyle AVP salgı veya AVP-aktif sinyal nedenleri veya sapmaları AVP-aracılı su geri emiliminin bozulmasına, ciddi hastalıklar ile ilişkilidir. V2R veya AQP2 mutasyonlar neden azalma su geri emilimini bir elev ise, nefrojenik diabetes insipidus yol açarated kan plazma AVP düzeyi, kronik kalp yetmezliği ve uygunsuz antidiüretik hormon salgılanması (SIADH) en sendromu gibi kardiyovasküler hastalıklar aşırı su geri emilimini ile ilişkilidir. AVP-aracılı su geri emilimini önemi sadece hastalık kendi ima kaynaklanıyor. AQP2 taşıyan için veziküller ve plazma zarı ile füzyon AVP bağlı translokasyon şu anda iyi anlaşılmış değildir kesinlikle cAMP-bağımlı exocytic süreci temsil eder. Bir cAMP bağımlı ekzositozu için diğer örnekleri, böbrek ve H renin salınımı + mide salgı vardır. Bu nedenle renal ana hücrelerde AQP2-translokasyon düzenleyen moleküler mekanizmaların açıklanması, sadece diğer hücre tipleri içindeki moleküler süreçleri anlamak yardımcı olur, ancak, aynı zamanda AVP-aracılı su emiliminin bozuklukları ile bağlantılı hastalıkların tedavisi için yeni terapilere yol açabilecektir . Emekanizmaları kontrol AQP2 lucidating kanalı temel hücre modelleri toplama gerektirir. Bunun için farklı memeli böbrek hücre hatları bir dizi kullanılabilir. Ancak, bu modeller birkaç sakıncaya sahiptir. Birçok hücre sistemlerinde AQP2 protein düzeyi (Tablo 1; M1, HEK293, COS-7, MDCK, LLC-PK1) düşüktür 1-10, ektopik diğerleri aşın insan (MCD4, WT10) 11,12 veya sıçan (CD8) 13 AQP2. MCD4 ve COS-7 hücreleri içinde V2 reseptörü ifade değildir. Bildiğimiz kadarıyla orada böbrek iç medüller toplayıcı, AQP2 ifade en bol olan böbrek bir kısmının türetilmiştir kullanılabilir bir model olarak kalıcı bir hücre hattı, ancak kortikal toplayıcı 1,11,13-16 gelen . Bu tür hücre modelleri örnek, yaygın olarak kullanılan ölümsüzleştirdi mpkCCD (örneğin 17) veya yeni kurulan mTERT-CCD 14 hücre hatları içindir. Her iki hücre hatları ve endojen olarak ifade AQP2 V2R ancak türetilen yanakortikal toplama kanalı büyük olasılıkla kanal (IMCD) hücreleri toplamak iç medüller göre farklı bir proteom içerir. Bunlar örneğin farklı Na ifade etmelidir + taşıma sistemleri. Burada, V2R ve AQP2 endojen ifade kültürü birincil IMCD hücrelere bir protokol mevcut. Bu model, bu nedenle, böbrek toplama kanalında en yakın fizyolojik durumu temsil eder. Kültür kurulması gereğine göre sadece standart laboratuar ekipmanları vb laboratuarlar kolayca bu yaklaşım kabul edebilir.

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culturing primary rat inner medullary collecting duct cells

Arginin-vazopressin (AVP) böbrek kanalı temel hücre toplanması ve böylece ince ayar vücut su dengesi suyun geri emilimini kolaylaştırır. AVP, hücrelerin yüzeyi üzerinde vasopresin V2 alıcıları (V2R) ile bağlanır ve böylece, cAMP sentezini indükler. Bu su kanalı aquaporin 2 (AQP2) fosforlaştıncı değişikliklere yol açan hücresel sinyal sürecini hızlandırır. Protein kinaz A AQP2 phoshorylates ve böylece birincil idrar su geri emilimini kolaylaştırmak plazma zarı içine hücre içi veziküllerden AQP2 en translokasyon tetikler. Asıl hücrelerde hipofiz veya AVP-aktif sinyal gelen AVP serbest sapmaları sırasıyla, merkezi ya da nefrojenik diabetes insipidus neden olabilir; yüksek bir kan plazma AVP düzeyi, kronik kalp yetmezliği ve uygunsuz antidiüretik hormon salgılanması sendromu gibi kardiyovasküler hastalıklar ile ilişkilidir. Burada, cultivati ​​için bir protokol mevcutifade V2R ve AQP2 endojen kanal (IMCD) hücreleri, toplama birincil sıçan iç medüller on. Hücreler AQP2 bölgesinin kontrolü altında yatan moleküler mekanizmaların için uygun olan ve bu nedenle AVP-aracılı su emiliminin bozulmasına ile bağlantılı hastalıkların tedavisi için yeni bir ilaç bulmak için hedefler. IMCD hücreleri sıçan böbrek iç medullae elde edilir ve altı ila sekiz gün tohumlama sonra deneyler için kullanılır. IMCD hücreleri düzenli hücre kültürü yemekleri, matara ve farklı biçimlerde mikro-titre plakalar kültür olabilir, işlem sadece birkaç saat gerektirir ve standart hücre kültürü laboratuarlar için uygundur.

Primer fare IMCD hücreleri başarılı ekimi 6-8 gün tohumlama sonra konfluent tek tabaka (Şekil 2) ile sonuçlanır. 60 mm kültür çanak başına yaklaşık 6 x 10 6 hücre vardır. Bu tip IV kolajen, bir bazal membran bileşeni 18 ile kaplanmış olduğu gibi sıkı bir şekilde hücreler, kültür tabaklarına uygun. Bu nedenle, IMCD hücreleri birkaç ayrıntılı yıkama işlemleri sırasında bile terketmez. Yukarı, kültürlenmiş hücreler,% 80, endojen V2R ve AQP2 if...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Culturing Primary Rat Inner Medullary Collecting Duct Cells at JoVE.com

Culturing Primary Rat Inner Medullary Collecting Duct Cells

Arginin-vazopressin (AVP) böbrek temel hücreleri tarafından su geri emilimini kolaylaştırmak yoluyla vücudun su dengesi ince ayar kontrol eder. Burada, AVP-aracılı su geri emilimini moleküler mekanizmaları hakkında aydınlatılması için uygun toplayıcı kanal hücrelerinin primer sıçan iç medüller yetiştiriciliği için bir protokol mevcut.

Kanal Hücreleri Toplama kültür İlköğretim Rat İç Medüller

Arginine-vasopressin (AVP) facilitates water reabsorption by renal collecting duct principal cells and thereby fine-tunes body water homeostasis. AVP ...

culturing-primary-rat-inner-medullary-collecting-duct-cells

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

14.7K Görüntüleme.  Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine. Arginin-vazopressin (AVP) böbrek temel hücreleri tarafından su geri emilimini kolaylaştırmak yoluyla vücudun su dengesi ince ayar kontrol eder. Burada, AVP-aracılı su geri emilimini moleküler mekanizmaları hakkında aydınlatılması için uygun toplayıcı kanal hücrelerinin primer sıçan iç medüller yetiştiriciliği için bir protokol mevcut.

Video: Culturing Primary Rat Inner Medullary Collecting Duct Cells

Protocol for Culturing Sympathetic Neurons from Rat Superior Cervical Ganglia (SCG)

The superior cervical ganglia (SCG) in rats are small, glossy, almond-shaped structures that contain sympathetic neurons.  These neurons provide sympathetic innervations for the head and neck regions and they constitute a well-characterized and relatively homogeneous population (4).  Sympathetic neurons are dependent on nerve growth factor (NGF) for survival, differentiation and axonal growth and the wide-spread availability of NGF facilitates their culture and experimental manipulation (2, 3, 6).  For these reasons, cultured sympathetic neurons have been used in a wide variety of studies including neuronal development and differentiation, mechanisms of programmed and pathological cell death, and signal transduction (1, 2, 5, and 6).  Dissecting out the SCG from newborn rats and culturing sympathetic neurons is not very complicated and can be mastered fairly quickly.  In this article, we will describe in detail how to dissect out the SCG from newborn rat pups and to use them to establish cultures of sympathetic neurons.  The article will also describe the preparatory steps and the various reagents and equipment that are needed to achieve this.

Protocol for Culturing Sympathetic Neurons from Rat Superior Cervical Ganglia SCG

This is a protocol describing how to isolate and culture primary sympathetic neurons from superior cervical ganglia (SCG) of newborn rat pups.

Rat Üstün Servikal Ganglia (SCG) kültür Sempatik Nöronlar Protokolü

The superior cervical ganglia (SCG) in rats are small, glossy, almond-shaped structures that contain sympathetic neurons.  These neurons provide ...

Biyoloji

Primary Culture of Adult Rat Heart Myocytes

Cultured primary adult rodent heart cells are an important model system for cardiovascular research. Nevertheless, establishment of robust, viable cultured adult myocytes can be a technically challenging, rate-limiting step for many researchers. Here we described a protocol to obtain a high yield of adult rat heart myocytes that remain viable in culture for several days. The heart is isolated and perfused with collagenase and protease under low Ca2+ conditions to recover single myocytes. Ca2+-tolerant cells are obtained by stepwise increases in extracellular Ca2+ concentration in three subsequent wash steps. Cells are filtered, resuspended in culture medium, and plated on laminin coated slips. Cultured myocytes obtained using this protocol are viable for up to four days and are suitable for most experiments including electrophysiology, biochemistry, imaging and molecular biology.

In this paper, we described a typical way to isolate and culture adult rat heart myocytes. Collagenase and protease are used to digest and isolate single myocytes. Myocytes cultured follow this protocol meet most experiment requirements.

Yetişkin Sıçan Kalp miyositler İlköğretim Kültür

Cultured primary adult rodent heart cells are an important model system for cardiovascular research.  Nevertheless, establishment of robust, viable ...

Primary Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells Grown from Explants

Human bronchial epithelial cells are needed for cell models of disease and to investigate the effect of excipients and pharmacologic agents on the function and structure of human epithelial cells. Here we describe in detail the method of growing bronchial epithelial cells from bronchial airway tissue that is harvested by the surgeon at the times of lung surgery (e.g. lung cancer or lung volume reduction surgery). With ethics approval and informed consent, the surgeon takes what is needed for pathology and provides us with a bronchial portion that is remote from the diseased areas. The tissue is then used as a source of explants that can be used for growing primary bronchial epithelial cells in culture. Bronchial segments about 0.5-1cm long and &le;1cm in diameter are rinsed with cold EBSS and excess parenchymal tissue is removed. Segments are cut open and minced into 2-3mm3 pieces of tissue. The pieces are used as a source of primary cells. After coating 100mm culture plates for 1-2 hr with a combination of collagen (30 &mu;g/ml), fibronectin (10 &mu;g/ml), and BSA (10 &mu;g/ml), the plates are scratched in 4-5 areas and tissue pieces are placed in the scratched areas, then culture medium (DMEM/Ham F-12 with additives) suitable for epithelial cell growth is added and plates are placed in an incubator at 37&deg;C in 5% CO2 humidified air. The culture medium is changed every 3-4 days. The epithelial cells grow from the pieces forming about 1.5 cm diameter rings in 3-4 weeks. Explants can be re-used up to 6 times by moving them into new pre-coated plates. Cells are lifted using trypsin/EDTA, pooled, counted, and re-plated in T75 Cell Bind flasks to increase their numbers. T75 flasks seeded with 2-3 million cells grow to 80% confluence in 4 weeks. Expanded primary human epithelial cells can be cultured and allowed to differentiate on air-liquid interface. Methods described here provide an abundant source of human bronchial epithelial cells from freshly isolated tissues and allow for studying these cells as models of disease and for pharmacology and toxicology screening.

Here we describe a detailed method for growing primary human bronchial epithelial cells from explants of human bronchial airway tissue including differentiated growth on an air-liquid interface. This method provides an abundant source of primary cells for investigating the role of the airway epithelium in human lung health and disease.

Eksplantlar gelen Yetiştirilen İlköğretim İnsan Bronşiyal Epitel Hücreleri

Human bronchial epithelial cells are needed for cell models of disease and to investigate the effect of excipients and pharmacologic agents on the ...

Isolation of Basal Cells and Submucosal Gland Duct Cells from Mouse Trachea

The large airways are directly in contact with the environment and therefore susceptible to injury from toxins and infectious agents that we breath in 1. The large airways therefore require an efficient repair mechanism to protect our bodies. This repair process occurs from stem cells in the airways and isolating these stem cells from the airways is important for understanding the mechanisms of repair and regeneration. It is also important for understanding abnormal repair that can lead to airway diseases 2. The goal of this method is to isolate a novel stem cell population from the mouse tracheal submucosal gland ducts and to place these cells in in vitro and in vivo model systems to identify the mechanisms of repair and regeneration of the submucosal glands 3. This production shows methods that can be used to isolate and assay the duct and basal stem cells from the large airways 3.This will allow us to study diseases of the airway, such as cystic fibrosis, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Currently, there are no methods for isolation of submucosal gland duct cells and there are no in vivo models to study the regeneration of submucosal glands.

Here we demonstrate our protocol for isolation of basal and submucosal gland duct cells from mouse tracheas. We also demonstrate the method of injecting stem cells into the dorsal mouse fat pad to create an in vivo model of submucosal gland regeneration.

Fare Trakea gelen Bazal Hücre ve Submukozal Bezi Kanal Hücre İzolasyonu

The large airways are directly in contact with the environment and therefore susceptible to injury from toxins and infectious agents that we breath in 1. ...

Isolation and Primary Culture of Rat Hepatic Cells

Primary hepatocyte culture is a valuable tool that has been extensively used in basic research of liver function, disease, pathophysiology, pharmacology and other related subjects. The method based on two-step collagenase perfusion for isolation of intact hepatocytes was first introduced by Berry and Friend in 1969 1 and, since then, has undergone many modifications. The most commonly used technique was described by Seglenin 1976 2. Essentially, hepatocytes are dissociated from anesthetized adult rats by a non-recirculating collagenase perfusion through the portal vein. The isolated cells are then filtered through a 100 &mu;m pore size mesh nylon filter, and cultured onto plates. After 4-hour culture, the medium is replaced with serum-containing or serum-free medium, e.g. HepatoZYME-SFM, for additional time to culture. These procedures require surgical and sterile culture steps that can be better demonstrated by video than by text. Here, we document the detailed steps for these procedures by both video and written protocol, which allow consistently in the generation of viable hepatocytes in large numbers.

Primary hepatocytes provide a valuable tool to evaluate biochemical, molecular, and metabolic functions in a physiologically relevant experimental system. We describe a reliable protocol for rat in situ liver perfusion, which consistently generates viable hepatocytes up to 1.0 &times; 108 cells per preparation with cell viability between 88 ~ 96%.

Sıçan Karaciğer Hücreleri İzolasyon ve İlköğretim Kültür

Primary hepatocyte culture is a valuable tool that has been extensively used in basic research of liver function, disease, pathophysiology, pharmacology ...

Isolation of Immune Cells from Primary Tumors

Tumors create a unique immunosuppressive microenvironment (tumor microenvironment, TME) whereby leukocytes are recruited into the tumor by various chemokines and growth factors 1,2. However, once in the TME, these cells lose the ability to promote anti-tumor immunity and begin to support tumor growth and down-regulate anti-tumor immune responses 3-4. Studies on tumor-associated leukocytes have mainly focused on cells isolated from tumor-draining lymph nodes or spleen due to the inherent difficulties in obtaining sufficient cell numbers and purity from the primary tumor. While identifying the mechanisms of cell activation and trafficking through the lymphatic system of tumor bearing mice is important and may give insight to the kinetics of immune responses to cancer, in our experience, many leukocytes, including dendritic cells (DCs), in tumor-draining lymph nodes have a different phenotype than those that infiltrate tumors 5,6 . Furthermore, we have previously demonstrated that adoptively-transferred T cells isolated from the tumor-draining lymph nodes are not tolerized and are capable of responding to secondary stimulation in vitro unlike T cells isolated from the TME, which are tolerized and incapable of proliferation or cytokine production 7,8. Interestingly, we have shown that changing the tumor microenvironment, such as providing CD4+ T helper cells via adoptive transfer, promotes CD8+ T cells to maintain pro-inflammatory effector functions 5. The results from each of the previously mentioned studies demonstrate the importance of measuring cellular responses from TME-infiltrating immune cells as opposed to cells that remain in the periphery. To study the function of immune cells which infiltrate tumors using the Miltenyi Biotech isolation system9, we have modified and optimized this antibody-based isolation procedure to obtain highly enriched populations of antigen presenting cells and tumor antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. The protocol includes a detailed dissection of murine prostate tissue from a spontaneous prostate tumor model (TRansgenic Adenocarcinoma of the Mouse Prostate -TRAMP) 10 and a subcutaneous melanoma (B16) tumor model followed by subsequent purification of various leukocyte populations.

In this report, we describe a protocol for isolating highly purified populations of leukocytes that infiltrate tumors. This protocol is adapted from the Miltenyi Biotech protocol to enhance yield and purity for isolating cells from complex tumor tissue.

Primer Tümörler gelen Bağışıklık Hücre İzolasyonu

Tumors create a unique immunosuppressive microenvironment (tumor microenvironment, TME) whereby leukocytes are recruited into the tumor by various ...

Culturing of Human Nasal Epithelial Cells at the Air Liquid Interface

In vitro models using human primary epithelial cells are essential in understanding key functions of the respiratory epithelium in the context of microbial infections or inhaled agents. Direct comparisons of cells obtained from diseased populations allow us to characterize different phenotypes and dissect the underlying mechanisms mediating changes in epithelial cell function. Culturing epithelial cells from the human tracheobronchial region has been well documented, but is limited by the availability of human lung tissue or invasiveness associated with obtaining the bronchial brushes biopsies. Nasal epithelial cells are obtained through much less invasive superficial nasal scrape biopsies and subjects can be biopsied multiple times with no significant side effects. Additionally, the nose is the entry point to the respiratory system and therefore one of the first sites to be exposed to any kind of air-borne stressor, such as microbial agents, pollutants, or allergens. 
Briefly, nasal epithelial cells obtained from human volunteers are expanded on coated tissue culture plates, and then transferred onto cell culture inserts. Upon reaching confluency, cells continue to be cultured at the air-liquid interface (ALI), for several weeks, which creates more physiologically relevant conditions. The ALI culture condition uses defined media leading to a differentiated epithelium that exhibits morphological and functional characteristics similar to the human nasal epithelium, with both ciliated and mucus producing cells. Tissue culture inserts with differentiated nasal epithelial cells can be manipulated in a variety of ways depending on the research questions (treatment with pharmacological agents, transduction with lentiviral vectors, exposure to gases, or infection with microbial agents) and analyzed for numerous different endpoints ranging from cellular and molecular pathways, functional changes, morphology, etc. 
In vitro models of differentiated human nasal epithelial cells will enable investigators to address novel and important research questions by using organotypic experimental models that largely mimic the nasal epithelium in vivo.

Nasal epithelial cells, obtained through superficial scrape biopsy of human volunteers, are expanded and transferred onto tissue culture inserts. Upon reaching confluency, cells are grown at air liquid interface, yielding cultures of ciliated and non-ciliated cells. Differentiated nasal epithelial cell cultures provide viable experimental models for studying the respiratory mucosa.

Hava Sıvı Arayüz İnsan Burun Epitel Hücrelerinin ekimi

In vitro models using human primary  epithelial cells are essential in understanding key functions of the respiratory  epithelium in the context of ...

A Method for Culturing Embryonic C. elegans Cells

C. elegans is a powerful model system, in which genetic and molecular techniques are easily applicable. Until recently though, techniques that require direct access to cells and isolation of specific cell types, could not be applied in C. elegans. This limitation was due to the fact that tissues are confined within a pressurized cuticle which is not easily digested by treatment with enzymes and/or detergents. Based on early pioneer work by Laird Bloom, Christensen and colleagues 1 developed a robust method for culturing C. elegans embryonic cells in large scale. Eggs are isolated from gravid adults by treatment with bleach/NaOH and subsequently treated with chitinase to remove the eggshells. Embryonic cells are then dissociated by manual pipetting and plated onto substrate-covered glass in serum-enriched media. Within 24 hr of isolation cells begin to differentiate by changing morphology and by expressing cell specific markers. C. elegans cells cultured using this method survive for up 2 weeks in vitro and have been used for electrophysiological, immunochemical, and imaging analyses as well as they have been sorted and used for microarray profiling.

A Method for Culturing Embryonic C. elegans Cells

We describe here a revised protocol for large-scale culture of embryonic C. elegans cells. Embryonic C. elegans cells cultured in vitro using this method, appear to differentiate and recapitulate the expression of genes in a cell specific manner. Techniques that require direct access to the cells or isolation of specific cell types from the other tissues can be applied on C. elegans cultured cells.

Kültürleme Embriyonik için bir yöntem<em&gt; C. elegans</em&gt; Hücreler

C. elegans is a powerful model system, in which genetic and molecular techniques are easily applicable. Until recently though, techniques that require ...

Trans-inner Cell Mass Injection of Embryonic Stem Cells Leads to Higher Chimerism Rates

In an effort to increase efficiency in the creation of genetically modified mice via ES Cell methodologies, we present an adaptation to the current blastocyst injection protocol. Here we report that a simple rotation of the embryo, and injection through Trans-Inner cell mass (TICM) increased the percentage of chimeric mice from 31% to 50%, with no additional equipment or further specialized training. 26 different inbred clones, and 35 total clones were injected over a period of 9 months. There was no significant difference in either pregnancy rate or recovery rate of embryos between traditional injection techniques and TICM. Therefore, without any major alteration in the injection process and a simple positioning of the blastocyst and injecting through the ICM, releasing the ES cells into the blastocoel cavity can potentially improve the quantity of chimeric production and subsequent germline transmission.

Here we present a protocol to increase chimera production without the use of new equipment. A simple orientation change of the embryo for injection can increase the number of embryos produced, and potentially reduce the timeline to germline transmission.

Trans-iç hücre embriyonik kök hücrelerin kitle enjeksiyon daha yüksek Chimerism oranları için yol açar.

In an effort to increase efficiency in the creation of genetically modified mice via ES Cell methodologies, we present an adaptation to the current ...

Primary Culture of Rat Adrenocortical Cells and Assays of Steroidogenic Functions

The hormone which the adrenal cortex secretes is vital for animals against stress and diseases. The method described here is the procedure of primary cultured rat adrenal cells and related functional assays (immunofluorescence staining of lipid droplet surface protein, as well as corticosterone analysis). Unlike an in vivo model, the variation of interexperiments in adrenal monolayer cultures is less and the experimental condition is easy to control. Besides, the source of rats is also more stable than other animals, like bovine ones. There are also several human adrenal cell lines (NCI-H295, NCI-H295R, SW13, etc.) that can be used in adrenal studies. However, the steroid production of these lines will still be influenced by numerous factors, which include serum lot number, passage number, mutant/loss of distinct genes, etc. Except for lacking 17&#945;-hydroxylase, the primary culture of rat adrenocortical cells is a better and more convenient technique for studying adrenal physiology. In summary, primary rat adrenal cultures could be a good in vitro platform for researchers to investigate the mechanisms of the reagent of interest in the adrenal gland system.

The hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex is vital for animals against stress and diseases. Here, we present a protocol to culture the primary rat adrenal cells. It could be a good in vitro platform for investigating the mechanisms of the reagent of interest in adrenal steroidogenesis and lipid biosynthesis.

Sıçan Adrenokortikal hücreleri ve deneyleri Steroidogenic fonksiyonların birincil kültür

The hormone which the adrenal cortex secretes is vital for animals against stress and diseases. The method described here is the procedure of primary ...