The authors wish to thank Harene Ranjithakumaran and Stacey Jackson for technical support. This work was supported in part by grants from the National Health and Medical Research Council (R.C.B. Wong, A. P&#233;bay), the University of Melbourne (R.C.B. Wong), Retina Australia (R.C.B. Wong, S.S.C. Hung, A. P&#233;bay) and the Ophthalmic Research Institute of Australia (R.C.B. Wong, S.S.C. Hung, A. P&#233;bay); Australian Research Council Future Fellowship (A. P&#233;bay, FT140100047), Cranbourne Foundation Fellowship (R.C.B. Wong); intramural funding from the National Institutes for Health (R.C.B. Wong, S.S.C. Hung) and operational infrastructure support from the Victorian Government.

bireylerin insan saçı örnek toplama konak kurumlarında insan araştırma etik komitesi tarafından etik onayı gerektirir ve kurumsal kurallarına uygun yapılmalıdır. Mızraplı Saç gelen Keratinositler 1. İzolasyonu <ol><li> Buz O / N (yani, Matrigel) çözülme Ekstrasellüler Matriks (ECM) çözümü. </li><li> Önceden soğutulmuş pipet uçları kullanılarak, soğutulmuş DMEM / F12 ortamında 12 ml 200 ul ECM çözeltisi ilave edilir. Kat her bir seyreltilmiş ECM çözeltisi, 1 ml ile 12 oyuklu plaka. 37 ° C &#39;de, kaplanmış plak O / N inkübe edin. Kullanmadan önce, önceden ısıtılmış DMEM / F12 ortamı ile kaplanmış plaka yıkanır. </li><li> Saç köküne yakın parmakları yerleştirerek ve bir hızlı ve pürüzsüz hareket saç yolma ile bireyin kafasından birincil insan saçı toplamak. Her toplanan saç bozulmamış bir saç folikülü içerdiğini teyit ve saç un büyüme fazını belirlemek için kontrol edinbir mikroskop (Şekil 1) der. <ol><li> Keratinositler ayıklamak için her bireyin 5-10 anagen tüyleri toplayın. Süreç keratinositlerinin başarılı türetme sağlamak için en kısa sürede tüyleri koparıp. Not: Şekil 1 büyüme döngüsünün farklı aşamalarında kılların morfolojisi göstermektedir. Anajen saç ORS olarak bilinen saç uzunluğunu çevreleyen epitel görünür bir dış tabaka ile, bir büyüme aşamasında. Öte yandan, telojen saç dinlenme aşamasında saç temsil eder ve görünür bir ORS sahip değildir, ancak telojen çıkıntı olarak bilinen saç kökü kapsayan hücrelerin net bir top yer alır. </li></ol></li><li> Oda sıcaklığında 5 dakika boyunca yıkama antibiyotik karışımı 10 ml ihtiva eden bir petri çanağı içine numuneler saç. </li><li> Saç şaftının 1 cm - sterilize makas ve forseps kullanarak, sağlam bir saç folikülü ve yaklaşık 0.5 olan bir saç parçası bırakarak, aşırı saç şaft kesti. </li><li> Dikkatle traforseps kullanılarak ECM kaplı plakanın her oyuğuna nsfer 1 saç parçası. </li><li> Saç örnekleri göre - (200 ul ~ 100) bir 1 ml&#39;lik bir pipet kullanarak, nakavt Serum Replacement (KSR) ortam, yaklaşık 3 damla ekleyin. Not: eki ve sonraki keratinosit akıbet için izin vermek için plaka yüzeyine yakın temas içinde saç parçaları tutun. Bu aşamada aşırı medya ekleyerek olabilir saç parçaları float neden olur ve başarılı bir saç eki olasılığını azaltır. </li><li> % 5 CO 2 ile 37 ° C inkübatör saç örnekleri inkübe ve saç köklerinin / N O takmak için izin verir. Nemli saç örneği tutmak için - (200 ul ~ 100) Ertesi gün, yavaşça KSR ortamının başka bir 3 damla ekleyin. </li><li> Saç folikülleri başarıyla eklenmiş onaylamak için günlük saç örnekleri dikkate alın. Genellikle saç köklerinin eki 1-3 gün içinde görülür. Ince tüyleri yüksek olması gibi kalın kıllar, ince kıllar ile karşılaştırıldığında takmak için genellikle daha kolayeğilim eki sürecini engelleyen hangi float. <ol><li> Saç kaplı plaka takılı sonra, kuyuya KSR orta 500 ul ekleyin. Saç örnekleri sıkıca bağlı olmayabilir olarak orta eklerken ekstra özen gösterin. Bu noktadan itibaren, her 2 gün medya değiştirin. Not: Keratinosit çıkıntılar 3-7 gün (Şekil 2A-B) sonra saç fragmanı ORS bölgesinden görünür olmalıdır. Keratinositler sonraki bölümde açıklandığı gibi hücrelerin Pasajlanması 14 gün öncesine kadar büyümeye izin verin. </li></ol></li></ol> 2. Bakım ve Keratinositler arasında Pasajlanması <ol><li> Ön kaplama kaplama maddesi Kit kullanılarak, 6-çukurlu plaka. Kaplama matris solüsyon içerisinde 6.8 ul ve ardından her oyuğa kit, seyreltme ortamı 680 ul ekle. Plaka üzerinde kaplama maddesi solüsyonu homojen dağılımını sağlamak için plakayı sallayın. </li><li> Kaplanmış levha oda sıcaklığında 30 dakika boyunca inkübasyona izin verin. KaldırKeratinositlerin kaplama öncesinde kaplama maddesi solüsyonu. </li><li> 37 ° C&#39;de 2-5 dakika boyunca oyuk başına% 0.25 tripsin 500 ul olan tek bir hücre süspansiyonu içine keratinositler ayrıştırmaları. Serum ihtiva eden kültür (örneğin, fetal sığır serumu (FBS) ortamı) 500 ul tripsin inaktive ve steril bir 15 ml tüp içine toplar. Sterilize forseps kullanarak saç fragmanı çıkarın. </li><li> Bir hemositometre kullanılarak hasat hücrelerinin sayısını belirler. </li><li> X g 200&#39;de 3 dakika boyunca hücreleri Santrifüj. PBS ve tekrar santrifüj hücreleri yıkayın. PBS aspire ve taze keratinosit ortamında hücre pelletini. </li><li> Keratinosit ortamın mevcudiyetinde ECM kaplı plakanın bir kuyuya plaka aşağı 4 x 10 4 keratinositler. % 5 CO2 (Şekil 2C) ile 37 ° C inkübatör keratinositler tutun. Kültür olduğunda ~ Ortam% 80 konfluent her gün ve geçiş hücreleri değiştirmek, WHIch keratinositlerinin geçiş numarası ve çoğalma hızına bağlı olarak yaklaşık 2-7 gün sürebilir. türetilmiş keratinositler standart yavaş dondurma dondurma yöntemleri kullanılarak 16 yeterli dondurulmuş stokları oluşturmak için yaygınlaştırılmalıdır. Not: Tarif edilen kültür koşulları tipik arnavut kaldırımı morfolojisi (Şekil 2C) ile keratinosit homojen popülasyonunun büyümesini desteklemektedir. Bazen, birkaç farklı, büyük ve düz morfolojisi keratinositler ve replikatif potansiyeli kaybetmiş, kültür görülebilir. Keratinositlerin karakterizasyonu sitokeratin 14 karşı antikorlar kullanılarak imüno-boyama ile gerçekleştirilebilir, daha önce tarif edilen 17. Kurulan keratinosit hücre çizgileri aynı zamanda, ticari olarak mevcut bir kit kullanılarak 1-3 geçişten sonra mikoplazma için test edilmelidir. </li></ol> Epizomal vektörlerin kullanılması keratinositlerinden hiPSCs 3. Nesil <ol><li> 6-çukurlu plaka ile ön-kaplama% 0.1 jelatin (2 ml / oyuk). Oda sıcaklığında en az 20 dakika süreyle kaplamak için jelatin izin verir. </li><li> Yeniden programlama deneme için, kullanımı keratinositler geç geçiş 6&#39;dan ayrışır, 37 ° C&#39;de 2-5 dakika boyunca oyuk başına% 0.25 tripsin, 1 ml ile tek bir hücre süspansiyonu içine keratinositler. Ortam serum içeren (ör: FBS ortamı) 1 ml tripsin inaktive ve 15 ml bir tüp içinde toplayın. </li><li> Keratinosit ortamı içinde 200 xg ve tekrar süspansiyon hücreleri 3 dakika boyunca santrifüj hücreleri. Bir jelatinleştirilmiş plaka O / N kuyu başına Levha 1 × 10 5 -1.5 × 10 5 keratinositler. </li><li> Ertesi gün (Gün 0) günü, hücreler% 50-60 konfluent olduğundan emin olmak için plakayı kontrol edin. Not: keratinositler ~% 50 konfluent onlar iyi transfeksiyondan sonra büyümek olmayabilir daha az ise. </li><li> Gün 0 günü, 2 ug plasmid DNA, toplam 8 ul transfeksiyon reaktifi bir oran kullanılarak, keratinositler üzerinde epizomal yeniden programlama vektörlerinin transfeksiyonu gerçekleştirin.<ol><li> 4, plazmidler (pCXLE EGFP, pCXLE-hOct3 / 4-shP53F, pCXLE-HSK, pCXLE-hul) her biri için 0.5 ug al ve düşük serum ortamında (örneğin, OPTI-MEM) 100 ul seyreltin. Not: Plazmid pCXLE EGFP keratinositlerde transfeksiyon verimliliği izlenmesi için kullanılan ve başarılı bir yeniden programlama için gerekli değildir. </li><li> Seyreltilmiş DNA transfeksiyon reaktifi 8 ul ekleyin. Tüp hafifçe vurarak karıştırın. DNA, Reaksiyon karışımı 15 dakika boyunca oda sıcaklığında rahatsız dinlenmeye bırakın. </li><li> Taze ortam ile keratinosit orta değiştirin. </li><li> Yavaşça 4 saat boyunca% 5 CO2 ile 37 ° C inkübatör keratinosit kültürü DNA Reaksiyon karışımı ekleyin ve inkübe edilir. Not: bunlar düşük hayatta kalma sonrası transfeksiyon sergileyen olarak keratinositler uzun süreli transfeksiyon O / N gerçekleştirmek için tavsiye edilmez. </li><li> 4 saat sonra, transfeksiyondan sonra, taze ortam ile keratinosit orta yerine. </li></ol></li><li> Gün 1 (1 gün sonrası transFection), keratinosit orta değiştirmek ve bir floresan mikroskop altında EGFP pozitif hücrelerin yüzdesi tahmin edilerek transfeksiyon etkinliğini kontrol edin. Tipik haliyle&gt;% 60-70 transfeksiyon verimi, bu protokol kullanılarak primer keratinositler gözlenmektedir. </li><li> Aşama 3,5 anlatıldığı gibi 2. Gün, transfeksiyon tekrarlayın. İki ardışık transfeksiyonlar genellikle&gt;% 90 transfeksiyon verim elde ederim. Keratinosit kültürü genellikle ikinci transfeksiyon sonunda izdiham ulaşır. <ol><li> Her yeniden programlama reaksiyon için fare embriyonik fibroblast (MEF) besleyici bir 10 cm çanak hazırlayın. Daha önce tarif edildiği gibi 18 mitotik inaktive MEF besleyiciler hazırlayın. </li><li> Ön kaplama, en az 20 dakika süreyle,% 0.1 jelatin, 5 ml ile 10 cm tabak. FBS ortamında 10 cm çanak başına Plaka 4 × 10 6 mitotik inaktif MEF. Hücreler yerleşmek ve% 5 CO 2 ile 37 ° C inkübatör O / N takmak için izin verin. </li></ol></li><li> Gün 3 günü, haradım 3.2 ve 3.3 açıklandığı gibi% 0.25 tripsin ile keratinositler yelek. KSR ortamı içinde yeniden süspanse edin ve keratinositleri KSR ortamı ile, 10 cm MEF besleyici çanak içine bir 6-yuvalı plaka 1 kuyusundan keratinosit% 90 plaka. </li><li> Itibaren Day 4, her gün KSR orta değiştirin. <ol><li> Alternatif Gün 18 sonra, her ikinci gün kültür ortamı değiştirin. Not: İnsan embriyonik kök hücreleri (hESC) benzeyen tanımlanan sınır ile hiPSC koloniler Gün 14 çıkacak iken Sigara yeniden programlanan keratinositler, çoğalmaya sona erecek - 21. </li></ol></li><li> Itibaren Gün 21 manuel diseksiyon ile hiPSC koloniler izole edin. Yakından birlikte kümelenmiş ve yalnızca açıkça diğerlerinden ayrılır hiPSC koloniler almak vardır hiPSC koloniler kaçının. Not: hiPSC koloniler önce alınabilir, ancak belirlenen sınırları koloni küçük koloni büyüklüğü göz önüne alındığında erken zaman noktalarında belirgin olmayabilir. Yeniden programlama verimliliği fark arasında değişebilirFarklı hasta en keratinositler, ve aynı zamanda geçiş sayısı veya keratinosit proliferasyon hızı gibi diğer faktörler tarafından etkilenir. <ol><li> HiPSC kolonilerinin manuel diseksiyon için, bir mikroskop altında hiPSC kolonileri kesmek için bir 26G iğne kullanın. Uzunluğunda 600 um - 300 civarında küçük parçalar halinde bir hiPSC koloni kesin. HiPSCs klonal çizgi oluşturmak için yeni bir MEF besleyici plakası (2.5 × 10 4 MEF / cm 2) içine bir hiPSC kolonisinden parçaları aktarın. Başlangıçta, kültür 12 kuyu plakası veya organ kültürü yemekleri tek kuyuda her hiPSC klonal çizgi, daha sonra 6 kuyu plaka formatına genişletin. </li><li> MEF besleyiciler üzerinde KSR ortamda hiPSCs kurulan klonal hatları korumak. Kültür kez 70 ulaşır - hiPSC kolonileri ile% 80 confluency ~ çapı 1,5 mm, üreticinin talimatlarına göre standart enzimatik Pasajlanması yöntemleri (Accutase, Dispase veya kollajenaz IV) kullanarak geçiş hiPSCs. </li></ol></li><li> Kurulan hiPSC hattını karakterizes pluripotensini ve in vitro ve / veya in vivo 13,19 üç germ hücreleri temsil ayırt etme yeteneğini doğrulamak için. Ayrıca, piyasada mevcut kitler kullanılarak mikoplazma için rutin kurulan test hiPSC çizgiler patojen içermez sağlamak. Rutin karyotipleme ya da dizi tabanlı kopya sayısı varyasyonu (KNV) analizi ile hiPSC hatlarının genomik istikrarı izlemek. </li></ol>

<ol>
	<li>Takahashi, K., Yamanaka, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Induction+of+pluripotent+stem+cells+from+mouse+embryonic+and+adult+fibroblast+cultures+by+defined+factors.">Induction of pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic and adult fibroblast cultures by defined factors.</a> Cell. 126, 663-676 (2006).</li><li>Takahashi, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Induction+of+pluripotent+stem+cells+from+adult+human+fibroblasts+by+defined+factors.">Induction of pluripotent stem cells from adult human fibroblasts by defined factors.</a> Cell. 131, 861-872 (2007).</li><li>Yu, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Induced+pluripotent+stem+cell+lines+derived+from+human+somatic+cells.">Induced pluripotent stem cell lines derived from human somatic cells.</a> Science. 318, 1917-1920 (2007).</li><li>Okita, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+more+efficient+method+to+generate+integration-free+human+iPS+cells.">A more efficient method to generate integration-free human iPS cells.</a> Nat Methods. 8, 409-412 (2011).</li><li>Park, I. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reprogramming+of+human+somatic+cells+to+pluripotency+with+defined+factors.">Reprogramming of human somatic cells to pluripotency with defined factors.</a> Nature. 451, U141-U141 (2008).</li><li>Okita, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+efficient+nonviral+method+to+generate+integration-free+human-induced+pluripotent+stem+cells+from+cord+blood+and+peripheral+blood+cells.">An efficient nonviral method to generate integration-free human-induced pluripotent stem cells from cord blood and peripheral blood cells.</a> Stem Cells. 31, 458-466 (2013).</li><li>Dowey, S. N., Huang, X., Chou, B. K., Ye, Z., Cheng, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Generation+of+integration-free+human+induced+pluripotent+stem+cells+from+postnatal+blood+mononuclear+cells+by+plasmid+vector+expression.">Generation of integration-free human induced pluripotent stem cells from postnatal blood mononuclear cells by plasmid vector expression.</a> Nat Protoc. 7, 2013-2021 (2012).</li><li>Zhou, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Generation+of+induced+pluripotent+stem+cells+from+urine.">Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells from urine.</a> J Am Soc Nephrol. 22, 1221-1228 (2011).</li><li>Aasen, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Efficient+and+rapid+generation+of+induced+pluripotent+stem+cells+from+human+keratinocytes.">Efficient and rapid generation of induced pluripotent stem cells from human keratinocytes.</a> Nat Biotechnol. 26, 1276-1284 (2008).</li><li>Peters, A., Zambidis, E., Ye, K., Jin, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chapter+16.+Generation+of+nonviral+integration-free+induced+pluripotent+stem+cells+from+plucked+human+hair+follicles.">Chapter 16. Generation of nonviral integration-free induced pluripotent stem cells from plucked human hair follicles.</a> Human Embryonic and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: Lineage-Specific Differentiation Protocols.Springer Protocols Handbooks. , 203-227 (2012).</li><li>Fuchs, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Scratching+the+surface+of+skin+development.">Scratching the surface of skin development.</a> Nature. 445, 834-842 (2007).</li><li>Limat, A., Noser, F. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Serial+cultivation+of+single+keratinocytes+from+the+outer+root+sheath+of+human+scalp+hair+follicles.">Serial cultivation of single keratinocytes from the outer root sheath of human scalp hair follicles.</a> J Invest Dermatol. 87, 485-488 (1986).</li><li>Piao, Y., Hung, S. S., Lim, S. Y., Wong, R. C., Ko, M. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Efficient+generation+of+integration-free+human+induced+pluripotent+stem+cells+from+keratinocytes+by+simple+transfection+of+episomal+vectors.">Efficient generation of integration-free human induced pluripotent stem cells from keratinocytes by simple transfection of episomal vectors.</a> Stem Cells Transl Med. 3, 787-791 (2014).</li><li>Higgins, C. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reprogramming+of+human+hair+follicle+dermal+papilla+cells+into+induced+pluripotent+stem+cells.">Reprogramming of human hair follicle dermal papilla cells into induced pluripotent stem cells.</a> J Invest Dermatol. 132, 1725-1727 (2012).</li><li>Muchkaeva, I. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Generation+of+iPS+Cells+from+Human+Hair+Follice+Dermal+Papilla+Cells.">Generation of iPS Cells from Human Hair Follice Dermal Papilla Cells.</a> Acta naturae. 6, 45-53 (2014).</li><li>Naaldijk, Y., Friedrich-Stockigt, A., Sethe, S., Stolzing, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparison+of+different+cooling+rates+for+fibroblast+and+keratinocyte+cryopreservation.">Comparison of different cooling rates for fibroblast and keratinocyte cryopreservation.</a> J Tissue Eng Regen. , (2013).</li><li>Sporl, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Real-time+monitoring+of+membrane+cholesterol+reveals+new+insights+into+epidermal+differentiation.">Real-time monitoring of membrane cholesterol reveals new insights into epidermal differentiation.</a> J Invest Dermatol. 130, 1268-1278 (2010).</li><li>Conner, D. A., et al., Ausubel, F. N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mouse+embryo+fibroblast+(MEF)+feeder+cell+preparation.">Mouse embryo fibroblast (MEF) feeder cell preparation.</a> Current protocols in molecular biology. 23, Unit 23 22 (2001).</li><li>Pebay, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Essential+roles+of+sphingosine-1-phosphate+and+platelet-derived+growth+factor+in+the+maintenance+of+human+embryonic+stem+cells.">Essential roles of sphingosine-1-phosphate and platelet-derived growth factor in the maintenance of human embryonic stem cells.</a> Stem Cells. 23, 1541-1548 (2005).</li><li>Myung, P., Ito, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dissecting+the+bulge+in+hair+regeneration.">Dissecting the bulge in hair regeneration.</a> J Clin Invest. 122, 448-454 (2012).</li><li>Alonso, L., Fuchs, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+hair+cycle.">The hair cycle.</a> J Cell Sci. 119, 391-393 (2006).</li><li>Robinton, D. A., Daley, G. Q. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+promise+of+induced+pluripotent+stem+cells+in+research+and+therapy.">The promise of induced pluripotent stem cells in research and therapy.</a> Nature. 481, 295-305 (2012).</li><li>Soares, F. A., Sheldon, M., Rao, M., Mummery, C., Vallier, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=International+coordination+of+large-scale+human+induced+pluripotent+stem+cell+initiatives:+Wellcome+Trust+and+ISSCR+workshops+white+paper.">International coordination of large-scale human induced pluripotent stem cell initiatives: Wellcome Trust and ISSCR workshops white paper.</a> Stem cell reports. 3, 931-939 (2014).</li><li>McKernan, R., Watt, F. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=What+is+the+point+of+large-scale+collections+of+human+induced+pluripotent+stem+cells.">What is the point of large-scale collections of human induced pluripotent stem cells.</a> Nat Biotechnol. 31, 875-877 (2013).</li><li>Utikal, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Immortalization+eliminates+a+roadblock+during+cellular+reprogramming+into+iPS+cells.">Immortalization eliminates a roadblock during cellular reprogramming into iPS cells.</a> Nature. 460, U1145-U1112 (2009).</li><li>Xu, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Proliferation+rate+of+somatic+cells+affects+reprogramming+efficiency.">Proliferation rate of somatic cells affects reprogramming efficiency.</a> J Biol Chem. 288, 9767-9778 (2013).</li><li>Liu, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Late+passage+human+fibroblasts+induced+to+pluripotency+are+capable+of+directed+neuronal+differentiation.">Late passage human fibroblasts induced to pluripotency are capable of directed neuronal differentiation.</a> Cell Transplant. 20, 193-203 (2011).</li><li>Huallachain, M., Karczewski, K. J., Weissman, S. M., Urban, A. E., Snyder, M. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Extensive+genetic+variation+in+somatic+human+tissues.">Extensive genetic variation in somatic human tissues.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 109, 18018-18023 (2012).</li><li>Abyzov, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Somatic+copy+number+mosaicism+in+human+skin+revealed+by+induced+pluripotent+stem+cells.">Somatic copy number mosaicism in human skin revealed by induced pluripotent stem cells.</a> Nature. 492, 438-442 (2012).</li></ol>

The authors have no conflict of interest.

Hastaya özgü hiPSCs üretilmesi, in vitro olarak hastalıklı hücre tiplerinde patojenezinin araştırılması için eşsiz bir yaklaşım sunmaktadır ve ayrıca hastalığın fenotipleri kurtarabilir yeni moleküllerin belirlenmesi için ilaç tarama için bir platform sağlar. HiPSCs kullanılarak bu hastalığa modelleme yaklaşımı uzun QT sendromu, Huntington hastalığı, Parkinson hastalığı ve amiyotrofik lateral skleroz 22 de dahil olmak üzere çeşitli hastalıkların, umut vaat ede...

İnsan uyarılmış pluripotent kök hücreleri (hiPSCs) keşif hastaya özgü kök hücrelerin 1-3 üretimi için uygun bir yöntem sağlayan, rejeneratif tıp alanında devrim yarattı. hiPSCs başarılı fibroblastlar 4,5, hematopoietik hücrelerin 6,7, idrar 8 böbrek epitel hücreleri ve 9,10 keratinositler dahil olmak üzere çeşitli somatik hücre tiplerinin, elde edilmiştir. Bugüne kadar, deri fibroblastları ve hematopoietik hücreler hastaya özgü iPSCs üretilmesi için en yaygın olarak kullanılan hücre kaynağıdır. Muhtemelen, bu deri biyopsileri ve kan toplama rutin tıbbi prosedürler ve birçok ülkede kurulmuştur hastanın kan veya cilt örneklerinin büyük biyobankalar olmasından kaynaklanmaktadır. Kan hücreleri ve invazif çıkarma yöntemleri gerektiren deri fibroblast aksine, keratinositler hiPSC üretimi için kolay erişilebilir bir hücre tipini temsil etmektedir. Keratinocytes cildin dış epidermal bariyer oluşturur ve ayrıca çivi ve saç 11&#39;de bulunan keratin bakımından zengin epitel hücreleri vardır. Özellikle, keratinositler saç köklerinin, iç kök kılıfı (IRS) hücreleri (12, Şekil 1) ile birlikte saç gövdesine kaplı bir dış hücresel tabakanın dış kök kılıfı (ORS) bulunabilir. Saç toplama sağlık personelinin yardım gerektirmeyen, basit bir prosedür olduğu gibi hastaların toplamak ve büyük ölçüde hiPSC nesil için hasta örneklerinin koleksiyonu kolaylaştıracak laboratuvarlar, kendi saç örneklerini göndermek için, bir fırsat sağlar. Epidermal keratinositler, aynı zamanda hiPSC üretimi 9,13 başlangıç ​​hücreleri gibi keratinositleri kullanmanın avantajları ekleyerek, fibroblastlar ile karşılaştırıldığında daha yüksek bir yeniden programlama verimliliği ve daha hızlı bir yeniden programlama kinetiği sahiptir. Ayrıca, hiPSCs da saç folikülü içinde diğer hücre popülasyonları kullanılarak üretilebilir,saç folikülü 14,15 tabanında bulunan dermal papilla hücrelerini dahildir. Saç türetilmiş hücreleri kullanarak iPSC nesil Önceki raporlar genellikle retroviral veya lentiviral tabanlı yeniden programlama yöntemlerini 9,14,15 kullanmaktadır. Ancak, bu viral yöntemler yeniden programlama sırasında yabancı transgenlerin istenmeyen genomik entegrasyon tanıtmak. Karşılaştırma olarak, epizomal vektörlerin kullanımı entegrasyonu içermeyen iPSCs 4 oluşturmak için uygun bir non-viral yeniden programlama yöntemi temsil eder. Biz daha önce verimli epizomal vektörler 13 kullanan hiPSCs içine keratinosit yeniden programlamak için basit, düşük maliyetli ve viral olmayan bir yöntem geliştirdik. Burada koparıp saç büyüme ve keratinositler bakım ve hiPSCs oluşturmak için daha sonra yeniden programlama ile ilgili keratinosit türetilmesi dahil olmak üzere, keratinosit türetilmiş hiPSCs, üretimi için ayrıntılı bir protokol sağlar.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Antibiotic Mix:&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>250 ng/ml Antimycotic amphotericin B</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>A2942-20ml</td>
			<td>Antibiotic mix is made up in PBS.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1X Penicillin/Streptomycin</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>15140-122</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PBS (-)</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>14190-144</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Knockout Serum Replacement (KSR) medium:&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>KSR medium is filtered using Stericup (Millipore, #SCGPU05RE) before use. bFGF is added fresh to the media before use.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>20% knockout serum replacement (KSR)</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>10828-028</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DMEM/F12 with glutamax</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>10565-042</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1&#215; MEM non-essential amino acid</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>11140-050</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&#160;0.5&#215; Penicillin/Streptomycin</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>15140-122</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&#160;0.1 mM &#946;-mercaptoethanol</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>21985</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&#160;bFGF (10 ng/ml, added fresh)</td>
			<td>Millipore</td>
			<td>GF003</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Keratinocyte medium:&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&#160;EpiLife with 60&#160;&#181;M Calcium</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>M-EPI-500-CA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1&#215; Human keratinocyte growth supplement (HKGS)</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>S-001-5</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) medium:&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>FBS medium is filtered using Stericup (Millipore, #SCGPU05RE)&#160; before use.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10% fetal bovine serum (FBS)</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>26140079</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DMEM&#160;</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>11995-073</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>0.5&#215; Penicillin/Streptomycin</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>15140-122</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2 mM L-glutamine</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>25030</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>0.25% trypsin-EDTA</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>25200-056</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Extracellular Matrix (ECM):</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Matrigel</td>
			<td>Corning&#160;</td>
			<td>354234</td>
			<td>Aliquot Matrigel stock and store in -80&#176;C following manufacturer&#8217;s instructions. Stock concentration of Matrigel varies slightly from batch to batch (~9mg/ml). We recommend to use 200&#181;l matrigel for coating a 12-well plate (~150&#181;g/well).&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Coating Matrix Kit&#160;</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>R-011-K</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Plasmids:&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td rowspan="5">Note that pCXLE-eGFP is only used for monitoring transfection efficiency and is not required for reprogramming.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>-&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; pCXLE-eGFP</td>
			<td>Addgene</td>
			<td>27082</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>-&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; pCXLE-hOct3/4-shP53F</td>
			<td>Addgene</td>
			<td>27077</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>-&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; pCXLE-hSK</td>
			<td>Addgene</td>
			<td>27078</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>-&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; pCXLE-hUL</td>
			<td>Addgene</td>
			<td>27080</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Transfection reagent Fugene HD</td>
			<td>Promega</td>
			<td>E231B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gelatin (from porcine skin)</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>G1890</td>
			<td>Make up 0.1% gelatin in distilled water. Autoclave before use.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Reduced Serum medium: OPTI-MEM</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>31985062</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Accutase</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>A6964-100ml</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) feeder</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>MEF can be inactivated by mitomycin C treatment or irradiation as described previously 16.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>26G needle</td>
			<td>Terumo</td>
			<td>NN2613R</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>6-well plate (tissue culture treated)</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>353046</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>12-well plate (tissue culture treated)</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>353043</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10 cm dish (tissue culture treated)</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>353003</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dispase</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>17105-041</td>
			<td>Use at 10mg/ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Collagenase IV</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>17104-019</td>
			<td>Use at 1mg/ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TRA-160 antibody</td>
			<td>Millipore</td>
			<td>MAB4360</td>
			<td>Use at 5&#181;g/ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>OCT4 antibody</td>
			<td>Santa Cruz</td>
			<td>SC-5279</td>
			<td>Use at 5&#181;g/ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NANOG antibody</td>
			<td>R&#38;D Systems</td>
			<td>AF1997</td>
			<td>Use at 10&#181;g/ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MycoAlert Detection kit</td>
			<td>Lonza</td>
			<td>LT07-418</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

generation of integration-free human induced pluripotent stem cells using hair-derived keratinocytes

Recent advances in reprogramming allow us to turn somatic cells into human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Disease modeling using patient-specific hiPSCs allows the study of the underlying mechanism for pathogenesis, also providing a platform for the development of in vitro drug screening and gene therapy to improve treatment options. The promising potential of hiPSCs for regenerative medicine is also evident from the increasing number of publications (>7000) on iPSCs in recent years. Various cell types from distinct lineages have been successfully used for hiPSC generation, including skin fibroblasts, hematopoietic cells and epidermal keratinocytes. While skin biopsies and blood collection are routinely performed in many labs as a source of somatic cells for the generation of hiPSCs, the collection and subsequent derivation of hair keratinocytes are less commonly used. Hair-derived keratinocytes represent a non-invasive approach to obtain cell samples from patients. Here we outline a simple non-invasive method for the derivation of keratinocytes from plucked hair. We also provide instructions for maintenance of keratinocytes and subsequent reprogramming to generate integration-free hiPSC using episomal vectors.

anagen (büyüme fazı), katagen (regresyon fazı) ve telojen (dinlenme fazı) 20-21: saç 3 farklı büyüme döngüsünün evreleri geçer. anagen kıl folikülü epitel Birden çok katman içeren; Bu tabakalar ORS, IRS ve saç gövdesine (Şekil 1) içerir. Anagen kıl sonunda ORS ve saç şaft farklılaşma fesih apoptoz ile işaretlenir katajen faza, geçiş uğrar. Son olarak, apoptoz durur ve telojen folikül karakteristik telojen ile sakin olur telojen faza için katajen saç geçiş ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Generation of Integration-free Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using Hair-derived Keratinocytes at JoVE.com

Generation of Integration-free Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using Hair-derived Keratinocytes

This manuscript provides a step-by-step procedure for the derivation and maintenance of human keratinocytes from plucked hair and subsequent generation of integration-free human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) by episomal vectors.

Saç türetilmiş keratinositlerden Kullanarak Entegrasyon serbest İnsan uyarılmış pluripotent kök hücrelerin üretilmesi

Recent advances in reprogramming allow us to turn somatic cells into human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Disease modeling using ...

generation-integration-free-human-induced-pluripotent-stem-cells

Research

JoVE Journal

Developmental Biology

11.4K Görüntüleme.  University of Melbourne. This manuscript provides a step-by-step procedure for the derivation and maintenance of human keratinocytes from plucked hair and subsequent generation of integration-free human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) by episomal vectors. 

Video: Generation of Integration-free Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using Hair-derived Keratinocytes

Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Frozen Buffy Coats using Non-integrating Episomal Plasmids

Somatic cells can be reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by forcing the expression of four transcription factors (Oct-4, Sox-2, Klf-4, and c-Myc), typically expressed by human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Due to their similarity with hESCs, iPSCs have become an important tool for potential patient-specific regenerative medicine, avoiding ethical issues associated with hESCs. In order to obtain cells suitable for clinical application, transgene-free iPSCs need to be generated to avoid transgene reactivation, altered gene expression and misguided differentiation. Moreover, a highly efficient and inexpensive reprogramming method is necessary to derive sufficient iPSCs for therapeutic purposes. Given this need, an efficient non-integrating episomal plasmid approach is the preferable choice for iPSC derivation. Currently the most common cell type used for reprogramming purposes are fibroblasts, the isolation of which requires tissue biopsy, an invasive surgical procedure for the patient. Therefore, human peripheral blood represents the most accessible and least invasive tissue for iPSC generation.
In this study, a cost-effective and viral-free protocol using non-integrating episomal plasmids is reported for the generation of iPSCs from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) obtained from frozen buffy coats after whole blood centrifugation and without density gradient separation.

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) represent a source of patient-specific tissues for clinical applications and basic research. Here, we present a detailed protocol to reprogram human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) obtained from frozen buffy coats into viral-free iPSCs using non-integrating episomal plasmids.

Bütünleşmeyen episomal plasmidler kullanılarak dondurulmuş Buffy tüylerdeki uyarılmış pluripotent kök hücrelerin üretilmesi

Somatic cells can be reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by forcing the expression of four transcription factors (Oct-4, Sox-2, ...

Gelişim Biyolojisi

Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Peripheral T Cells Using Sendai Virus in Feeder-free Conditions

Recently, iPSCs have attracted attention as a new source of cells for regenerative therapies. Although the initial method for generating iPSCs relied on dermal fibroblasts obtained by invasive biopsy and retroviral genomic insertion of transgenes, there have been many efforts to avoid these disadvantages. Human peripheral T cells are a unique cell source for generating iPSCs. iPSCs derived from T cells contain rearrangements of the T cell receptor (TCR) genes and are a source of antigen-specific T cells. Additionally, T cell receptor rearrangement in the genome has the potential to label individual cell lines and distinguish between transplanted and donor cells. For safe clinical application of iPSCs, it is important to minimize the risk of exposing newly generated iPSCs to harmful agents. Although fetal bovine serum and feeder cells have been essential for pluripotent stem cell culture, it is preferable to remove them from the culture system to reduce the risk of unpredictable pathogenicity. To address this, we have established a protocol for generating iPSCs from human peripheral T cells using Sendai virus to reduce the risk of exposing iPSCs to undefined pathogens. Although handling Sendai virus requires equipment with the appropriate biosafety level, Sendai virus infects activated T cells without genome insertion, yet with high efficiency. In this protocol, we demonstrate the generation of iPSCs from human peripheral T cells in feeder-free conditions using a combination of activated T cell culture and Sendai virus.

This protocol describes how to generate induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from human peripheral T cells in feeder-free conditions using a combination of matrigel and Sendai virus vectors containing reprogramming factors.

Besleyici içermeyen şartlar Sendai virüs kullanılarak insan periferik T hücrelerinden uyarılmış pluripotent kök hücrelerin üretilmesi

Recently, iPSCs have attracted attention as a new source of cells for regenerative therapies. Although the initial method for generating iPSCs relied on ...

Generation of Induced-pluripotent Stem Cells Using Fibroblast-like Synoviocytes Isolated from Joints of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients

Mature somatic cells can be reversed into a pluripotent stem cell-like state using a defined set of reprogramming factors. Numerous studies have generated induced-Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) from various somatic cell types by transducing four Yamanaka transcription factors: Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc. The study of iPSCs remains at the cutting edge of biological and clinical research. In particular, patient-specific iPSCs can be used as a pioneering tool for the study of disease pathobiology, since iPSCs can be induced from the tissue of any individual. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease, classified by the destruction of cartilage and bone structure in the joint. Synovial hyperplasia is one of the major reasons or symptoms that lead to these results in RA. Fibroblast-like Synoviocytes (FLSs) are the main component cells in the hyperplastic synovium. FLSs in the joint limitlessly proliferate, eventually invading the adjacent cartilage and bone. Currently, the hyperplastic synovium can be removed only by a surgical procedure. The removed synovium is used for RA research as a material that reflects the inflammatory condition of the joint. As a major player in the pathogenesis of RA, FLSs can be used as a material to generate and investigate the iPSCs of RA patients. In this study, we used the FLSs of a RA patient to generate iPSCs. Using a lentiviral system, we discovered that FLSs can generate RA patient-specific iPSC. The iPSCs generated from FLSs can be further used as a tool to study the pathophysiology of RA in the future.

Here we describe a protocol for generating human induced-pluripotent stem cells from patient-derived fibroblast-like synoviocytes, using a lentiviral system without feeder cells.

Romatoid Artrit Hastalarının Mafsallar İzole fibroblast benzeri sinoviyosit kullanma Kaynaklı-pluripotent Kök Hücre Üretimi

Mature somatic cells can be reversed into a pluripotent stem cell-like state using a defined set of reprogramming factors. Numerous studies have generated ...

Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Melanoma Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocytes

Adoptive transfer of ex vivo expanded autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) can mediate durable and complete responses in significant subsets of patients with metastatic melanoma. Major obstacles of this approach are the reduced viability of transferred T cells, caused by telomere shortening, and the limited number of TILs obtained from patients. Less-differentiated T cells with long telomeres would be an ideal T cell subset for adoptive T cell therapy;however, generating large numbers of these less-differentiated T cells is problematic. This limitation of adoptive T cell therapy can be theoretically overcome by using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) that self-renew, maintain pluripotency, have elongated telomeres, and provide an unlimited source of autologous T cells for immunotherapy. Here, we present a protocol to generate iPSCs using Sendai virus vectors for the transduction of reprogramming factors into TILs. This protocol generates fully reprogrammed, vector-free clones. These TIL-derived iPSCs might be able to generate less-differentiated patient- and tumor-specific T cells for adoptive T cell therapy.

The goal of this protocol is to show the protocol for reprogramming melanoma tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes into induced pluripotent stem cells.

İnsan Melanom tümör-süzücü lemfositler ile ilgili uyarılmış pluripotent kök hücrelerin üretilmesi

Adoptive transfer of ex vivo expanded autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) can mediate durable and complete responses in significant subsets ...

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Generation from Blood Cells Using Sendai Virus and Centrifugation

The recent development of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) proved that mature somatic cells can return to an undifferentiated, pluripotent state. Now, reprogramming is done with various types of adult somatic cells: keratinocytes, urine cells, fibroblasts, etc. Early experiments were usually done with dermal fibroblasts. However, this required an invasive surgical procedure to obtain fibroblasts from the patients. Therefore, suspension cells, such as blood and urine cells, were considered ideal for reprogramming because of the convenience of obtaining the primary cells. Here, we report an efficient protocol for iPSC generation from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). By plating the transduced PBMCs serially to a new, matrix-coated plate using centrifugation, this protocol can easily provide iPSC colonies. This method is also applicable to umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMCs). This study presents a simple and efficient protocol for the reprogramming of PBMCs and CBMCs.

We propose a protocol for reprogramming peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). By plating the transduced blood cells onto matrix-coated plates with centrifugation, iPSCs are successfully induced from floating cells. This technique suggests a simple and effective reprogramming protocol for cells such as PBMCs and CBMCs.

Sendai Virüs ve santrifüj kullanılarak Kan Hücreleri indüklenmiş pluripotent kök hücre Üretimi

The recent development of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) proved that mature somatic cells can return to an undifferentiated, pluripotent ...

Generation of Integration-free Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Using Episomal Vectors

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) hold great promise for disease modeling and regenerative therapies. We previously reported the use of Episomal Vectors (EV) to generate integration-free iPSCs from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PB MNCs). The episomal vectors used are DNA plasmids incorporated with oriP and EBNA1 elements from the Epstein-Barr (EB) virus, which&#160;allow for replication and long-term retainment of plasmids in mammalian cells, respectively. With further optimization, thousands of iPSC colonies can be obtained from 1 mL of peripheral blood. Two critical factors for achieving high reprogramming efficiencies&#160;are: 1) the use of a 2A &#34;self-cleavage&#34; peptide to link OCT4 and SOX2, thus achieving equimolar expression of the two factors; 2) the use of two vectors to express MYC and KLF4 individually. Here we describe a step-by-step protocol for generating integration-free iPSCs from adult peripheral blood samples. The generated iPSCs are integration-free as residual episomal plasmids are undetectable after five passages. Although the reprogramming efficiency is comparable to that of Sendai Virus (SV) vectors, EV plasmids are considerably more economical than the commercially available SV vectors. This affordable EV reprogramming system holds potential for clinical applications in regenerative medicine and provides an approach for the direct reprogramming of PB MNCs to integration-free mesenchymal stem cells, neural stem cells, etc.

This protocol describes a detailed method for efficient generation of integration-free iPSCs from human adult peripheral blood cells. With the use of four oriP/EBNA-based episomal vectors to express the reprogramming factors, KLF4, MYC, BCL-XL, or OCT4 and SOX2, thousands of iPSC colonies can be obtained from 1 mL of peripheral blood.

Epizomal vektörlerin kullanılması insan periferik kan mononükleer hücrelerinden entegrasyon içermeyen uyarılmış pluripotent kök hücrelerin üretilmesi

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) hold great promise for disease modeling and regenerative therapies. We previously reported the use of Episomal ...

Defined and Scalable Generation of Hepatocyte-like Cells from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) possess great value for biomedical research. hPSCs can be scaled and differentiated to all cell types found in the human body. The differentiation of hPSCs to human hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) has been extensively studied, and efficient differentiation protocols have been established. The combination of extracellular matrix and biological stimuli, including growth factors, cytokines, and small molecules, have made it possible to generate HLCs that resemble primary human hepatocytes. However, the majority of procedures still employ undefined components, giving rise to batch-to-batch variation. This serves as a significant barrier to the application of the technology. To tackle this issue, we developed a defined system for hepatocyte differentiation using human recombinant laminins as extracellular matrices in combination with a serum-free differentiation process. Highly efficient hepatocyte specification was achieved, with demonstrated improvements in both HLC function and phenotype. Importantly, this system is easy to scale up using research and GMP-grade hPSC lines&#160;promising advances in cell-based modelling and therapies.

The method presented here describes a scalable and good manufacturing practice (GMP)-ready differentiation system to generate human hepatocyte-like cells from pluripotent stem cells. It serves as a cost-effective and standardized system to generate human hepatocyte-like cells for basic and applied human liver research.

Tanımlı ve hepatosit benzeri Hücrelerinin Ölçeklenebilir Nesil insan pluripotent kök hücreleri gelen

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) possess great value for biomedical research. hPSCs can be scaled and differentiated to all cell types found in the ...

Integration Free Derivation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using Laminin 521 Matrix

Xeno-free and fully defined conditions are key parameters for robust and reproducible generation of homogenous human induced pluripotent stem (hiPS) cells. Maintenance of hiPS cells on feeder cells or undefined matrices are susceptible to batch variances, pathogenic contamination and risk of immunogenicity. Utilizing the defined recombinant human laminin 521 (LN-521) matrix in combination with xeno-free and defined media formulations reduces variability and allows for the consistent generation of hiPS cells. The Sendai virus (SeV) vector is a non-integrating RNA-based system, thus circumventing concerns associated with the potential disruptive effect on genome integrity integrating vectors can have. Furthermore, these vectors have demonstrated relatively high efficiency in the reprogramming of dermal fibroblasts. In addition, enzymatic single cell passaging of cells facilitates homogeneous maintenance of hiPS cells without substantial prior experience of stem cell culture. Here we describe a protocol that has been extensively tested and developed with a focus on reproducibility and ease of use, providing a robust and practical way to generate defined and xeno-free human hiPS cells from fibroblasts.

Robust derivation of human induced pluripotent stem (hiPS) cells was achieved by using non-integrating Sendai virus (SeV) vector mediated reprogramming of dermal fibroblasts. hiPS cell maintenance and clonal expansion was performed using xeno-free and chemically defined culture conditions with recombinant human laminin 521 (LN-521) matrix and Essential E8 (E8) Medium.

Laminin 521 Matrisini Kullanarak İnsan Tarafından Oluşturulan Pluripotent Kök Hücrelerin Entegrasyon Serbest Türevi

Xeno-free and fully defined conditions are key parameters for robust and reproducible generation of homogenous human induced pluripotent stem (hiPS) ...

Generation of Standardized and Reproducible Forebrain-type Cerebral Organoids from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

The human cortex is highly expanded and exhibits a complex structure with specific functional areas, providing higher brain function, such as cognition. Efforts to study human cerebral cortex development have been limited by the availability of model systems. Translating results from rodent studies to the human system is restricted by species differences and studies on human primary tissues are hampered by a lack of tissue availability as well as ethical concerns. Recent development in human pluripotent stem cell (PSC) technology include the generation of three-dimensional (3D) self-organizing organotypic culture systems, which mimic to a certain extent human-specific brain development in vitro. Currently, various protocols are available for the generation of either whole brain or brain-region specific organoids. The method for the generation of homogeneous and reproducible forebrain-type organoids from induced PSC (iPSC), which we previously established and describe here, combines the intrinsic ability of PSC to self-organize with guided differentiation towards the anterior neuroectodermal lineage and matrix embedding to support the formation of a continuous neuroepithelium. More specifically, this protocol involves: (1) the generation of iPSC aggregates, including the conversion of iPSC colonies to a confluent monolayer culture; (2) the induction of anterior neuroectoderm; (3) the embedding of neuroectodermal aggregates in a matrix scaffold; (4) the generation of forebrain-type organoids from neuroectodermal aggregates; and (5) the fixation and validation of forebrain-type organoids. As such, this protocol provides an easily applicable system for the generation of standardized and reproducible iPSC-derived cortical tissue structures in vitro.

Cerebral organoids represent a new model system to investigate early human brain development in vitro. This article provides the detailed methodology to efficiently generate homogeneous dorsal forebrain-type organoids from human induced pluripotent stem cells including critical characterization and validation steps.

Standart ve tekrarlanabilir ön türü beyin Organoids insan nesil Pluripotent kök hücreler indüklenen

The human cortex is highly expanded and exhibits a complex structure with specific functional areas, providing higher brain function, such as cognition. ...

Using Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Hepatocyte-like Cells for Drug Discovery

The ability to differentiate human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) into hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) provides new opportunities to study inborn errors in hepatic metabolism. However, to provide a platform that supports the identification of small molecules that can potentially be used to treat liver disease, the procedure requires a culture format that is compatible with screening thousands of compounds. Here, we describe a protocol using completely defined culture conditions, which allow the reproducible differentiation of human iPSCs to hepatocyte-like cells in 96-well tissue culture plates. We also provide an example of using the platform to screen compounds for their ability to lower Apolipoprotein B (APOB) produced from iPSC-derived hepatocytes generated from a familial hypercholesterolemia patient. The availability of a platform that is compatible with drug discovery should allow researchers to identify novel therapeutics for diseases that affect the liver.

The protocol presented here describes a platform for identifying small molecules for the treatment of liver disease. A step-by-step description is presented detailing how to differentiate iPSCs into cells with hepatocyte characteristics in 96-well plates, and to use the cells to screen for small molecules with potential therapeutic activity.

İnsan kullanarak Pluripotent kök hücre kaynaklı hepatosit benzeri hücreler indüklenen ilaç bulma için

The ability to differentiate human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) into hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) provides new opportunities to study inborn ...