Name: in vitro generation of murine plasmacytoid dendritic cells from common lymphoid progenitors using the ac-6 feeder system
Uploaded: 2015-11-23T17:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 8 min 18 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about In Vitro Generation of Murine Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells from Common Lymphoid Progenitors using the AC-6 Feeder System at JoVE.com

Biz Dr teşekkür ederiz. Belirteçlerin temin Markus Manz ve Irving Weissman. Biz de sırasıyla Tıp ve NTU hastanenin Ulusal Tayvan Üniversitesi Koleji&#39;nde Akış Sitometrik Analizi ve Birinci Hücre Sıralama Çekirdek Tesisi ve İkinci Çekirdek Laboratuvarı tarafından sağlanan hizmeti kabul. Bu çalışma Bilim ve Teknoloji, Tayvan Bakanlığı tarafından desteklenen (EN 102-2320-B-002-030-My3) ve Ulusal Sağlık Araştırma Enstitüleri, Tayvan (IHUK-EX102-10256SI ve IHUK-EX103-10256SI).

C57BL / 6 vahşi tip fare, National Laboratory Animal Center (NLAC), Tayvan &#39;den satın alınmıştır. Tüm fareler yetiştirilir ve belirli bir patojen içermeyen koşullar altında tutuldu. Protokoller ve hayvan kullanımı prosedürleri gözden ve Tıp Ulusal Tayvan Üniversitesi Koleji Kurumsal Hayvan Bakım ve Kullanım Kurulu (İzni No: 20120075) tarafından onaylanmıştır. Ayrıca, araştırmacılar deneyler yaparken hayvanlarda ağrı, acı veya sıkıntı potansiyelini azaltmak için her türlü çabayı. Eldiven yukarıda açıklandığı Tüm işlemler oda sıcaklığında gerçekleştirilmiştir. AC-6 Besleyici hücreler hazırlanması 1. Not: AC-6.21 (AC-6 kısaca) (I. Weissman, Stanford Üniversitesi tarafından temin edilmiştir) stromal hücre hattı 18 RPMI içinde muhafaza edilmelidir 15% ısı ile inaktive edilmiş fetal büyükbaş hayvan serumu (FBS) ile takviye edilmiştir. Besleyici hücreler olarak hizmet etmek, AC-6 hücreleri-γ ışınlanmış 3000 rad (30Gy) onların çoğalmasını önlemek için ko-kültür bir gün önce ile vardır. Not inciOnların geçit sayısı 20 üzerinde ise ac-6 hücre bakım sırasında kalabalık bırakılırsa kendi farklılaşma destekleyen yeteneğini kaybetmek eğilimindedir ya. <ol><li> Yıkama AC-6 hücreleri, bir sefer 1 mL Dulbecco fosfat tamponlu tuz (DPBS) ile aspirasyon ile DPBS çıkarın. AC-6 37 o C&#39;de 3-5 dakika boyunca 0.8 ml tripsin çözeltisi (% 0.05 tripsin ve DPBS içinde 0.5 mM EDTA), sonra% 5 CO2 ve hücreler kültür ortamı 10 hacim için ile seyreltilmesi, reaksiyonu durdurmak Treat tek bir hücre süspansiyonu yapmak. </li><li> 5.9x10 tohum AC-6 hücre 4 hücre / kuyu içine 12-kuyu plakaları ve% 5, 37 o C&#39;de inkübe CO 2 O / N. Not: AC-6 hücrelerinin yoğunluğu cdc nesil lehine olacak bir alt yoğunluğu gibi çok önemlidir. 5.9x10 yoğunluğunda Tohum de AC-6 CLPs gelen pDC&#39;lerde türetilmesi için optimal olan bir sonraki gün, birleşik duruma ulaştılar sağlayacak / 4 hücreleri. </li><li> Γ-ışınlama ile 3000 rad (30 Gy) AC-6 hücreleri ışın tedavisi. Not: Ac-6 ışın tedavisi için kullanılan doz, çoğalan hücreler önlemek ve henüz CLPs DC&#39;lerin farklılaşması için gereken sitokinleri ve hücre-hücre teması sağlamak için yeterince uzun bir canlı tutmak için optimize edilmiştir. </li><li> Kültür ortamı basınçla (% 10 ısı ile inaktive edilmiş FBS, 50 ug / ml gentamisin ve 50 uM β-mersaptoetanol ile RPMI) tam RPMI 1 ml ile değiştirin. </li></ol> Fare 2. İzole BM Hücreleri <ol><li> CO 2 boğulma ve servikal dislokasyon ile fareler Kurban. Bir diseksiyon tepsiye yerleştirin fareler ve% 70 etanol ile sterilize edin. Orta karın bir kesi yapın ve alt ekstremite cilt kapsayan dahil farenin distalinde cilt kaldırın. </li><li> Yarı steril kaput fareler parçalara ayır. Femur ve fibula bırakın, diz ekleminin altında yukarıda femur ve fibula klibi. Makas kullanarak kemiklerden kasları ayırın ve RPMI tamamlamak ml 5 içeren 6 cm&#39;lik petri kemikleri yerleştirin. </li><li> Bir steril kültür kaputu taşıyın. Tam RPMI ile 27G iğnesi bağlı bir 3 ml şırınga doldurun. Makas kullanarak kemiklerin iki ucunu kesti ve yavaşça her iki ucundan bir kez tam RPMI enjekte edilerek kemiklerin dışarı iliği temizlemesini 27G iğne takın. </li><li> Hücreler yukarı ve aşağı 3-5 kez iğne olmadan şırınga kullanılarak kültür çanak nazik pipetleme tek bir hücre süspansiyonu hazırlayın. </li><li> 500 x g&#39;de 5 dakika boyunca santrifüj hücreleri ve süpernatantı süzün. </li><li> 1 ml tampon maddesi ACK (150 mM NH4CI, 10 mM KHCO 3, 0.1 mM EDTA) 1 dakika için inkübe edilmesi ve tam RPMI 10 hacim ile inceltilerek reaksiyon durdurularak ile lizleyin kırmızı kan hücreleri. Hücreler yerçekimi tarafından ölü hücre kümeleri ve doku artıkları aşağı pelet için 5 dakika bekletin. Not: Bu nedeni canlı hücrelerin yerleşme hücre kaybına neden olacak gibi en fazla 5 dk durmayın. </li><li> Yeni bir tüp bırakarak enkaz yavaş yavaş decant hücre içeren süpernatantOrijinal tüp arkasında. </li><li> Daha sonra, pelet hücreleri çıkarmak ve süpernatant atmak için 500 xg&#39;de 5 dakika santrifüj. </li><li> Toplam dengeleme hücrelerin tekrar FACS tampon maddesi (1x PBS +% 2 FBS + 1 mM EDTA) ul 100 (tipik olarak 4-6 x 10 7 BM hücreleri bir fareden elde edilir). </li></ol> 3. FACS Analizi ve CLPs sıralanması <ol><li> Fc reseptörleri bloke etmek için 1-2 dakika için, anti-CD16 / 32 (hibridom üstte yüzen klonu 2.4G2, 50 ul / tepkime veya 1-2 ug / reaksiyonu) FACS tampon maddesi içinde hücrelere (adım 2.9) ekleyin. Not: Anti-CD16 / 32, aynı zamanda granülositler, monositler ve B lenfositleri içeren Fc reseptörlerini eksprese eden hücrelere antikorların spesifik olmayan bağlanmasını önlemek üzere ilave edilir Fc blok olarak adlandırılır. </li><li> Aynı zamanda ortam ışığını kaçınarak, buz üzerinde 15 dakika süre ile (4x10 7 hücreleri için) Aşağıdaki fluoresan boya-etiketli antikorlar ile hücreleri boyayan. Antikorlar: PE-konjuge soy belirteçleri, anti-CD3 içeren (0.2 ug her biri) (17A2), anti-CD8 (53-6,7), anti-B220 (RA3-6B2), anti-CD 19 (eBio1D3), anti-CD11b (M1 / 70), anti-Gr-1 (RB6-8C5), anti- Thy1.1 (HIS51), anti-NK1.1 (PK136), anti-TER119 (TER-119), ve anti-MHC-II (Nimr-4), 0,2 ug anti-c-Kit PerCP Cy5.5- (2B8), 1 ug anti-Sca-1-FITC (D7), 0.4 ug anti-M-CSFR-APC (AFS98) ve 0,2 ug anti-IL-7Rα-PE-Cy7 (A7R34). </li><li> 500 x g&#39;de 5 dakika boyunca 3 ml FACS tamponla hücreleri ve santrifüj yıkayın. </li><li> 300 ul FACS hücreler 40 mcM hücre süzgecinden tampon ve filtre hücreleri tekrar süspansiyon. </li><li> Kalan hücrelerin kurtarmak ve aynı hücre süzgeci kullanılarak tüp ayırma steril FACS nüfuz etmeye ek bir 100 ul FACS tamponu ile tüp yıkayın. </li><li> Sinyal tespiti için uygun filtre ve voltajlar kullanılarak boyanması hemen sonra akım sitometri analizi yapın. PE- ve PE-Cy7-labelded antikorları ve 633 nm las algılamak için 561 nm lazer, FITC-, PerCP-Cy5.5 etiketli antikorları tespit etmek için 488 nm lazer kullanıner APC-etiketli antikor tespit etmek için. </li><li> C-kit int Sca-1 int M-CSFR - - IL-7Rα + (adım 3.2 lekeli gibi) hücre sıralayıcı kullanılarak sırala dışarı CLPs aşağıdaki belirteçler lin göre. Bir yastıkta tam RPMI 8 ml içeren 15 ml tüp sıralanır hücreleri toplayın. </li><li> Çalışmasının sonunda hücre sıralayıcı ile gösterildiği gibi kriteri hücrelerinin mutlak sayısı kaydedilir. Tipik haliyle, 5x10 4 CLPs bir fare BM&#39;lerine elde edilebilir. </li></ol> 4. Coculture CLPs ve AC-6 <ol><li> , 500 x g&#39;de 10 dakika boyunca aşama 3,7 kriteri hücreleri Santrifüj süpernatantı çıkarın ve 5x10 4 hücre / ml civarında bir hücre yoğunluğuna elde etmek için yeterli tam RPMI hücre pelletini. Tohum 500 hücre / çukur olarak aşama 1.4&#39;te hazırlanan besleyici hücreleri ihtiva eden 12 oyuklu plaka. </li><li> Her bir oyuğa 100 ng FL 19 ml / (hu-Flt3L-Ig M. Manz, Üniversite tarafından sağlanan bir ekspresyon sistemi kullanılarak in-house olarak üretilmiştirty Hastanesi Zürich, İsviçre) ve 37 o C, mikroskop altında DC gelişme periyodik görsel izleme ile% 5 CO 2 inkübe. Not: Piyasada mevcut rekombinant insan FL veya fare FL DC gelişimini desteklemek için hu-Flt3L-Ig için bir yedek olarak kullanılabilir. </li><li> 12. günde süpernatan hücreleri toplamak ve elde edilen süpernatantlar birleştiren tam RPMI ortamına 0.5 ml ile bir kez kuyu yıkayın. Bir hücre kazıyıcı ile yapışık hücrelere 0.5 mL taze orta ekleyin ve hurda. </li><li> 500 x g&#39;de 5 dakika boyunca hücre içeren her iki parçadan orta ve santrifüj birleştirin. </li><li> 50 ul FACS tampon Durusu süpernatant ve tekrar süspansiyon hücreleri. 50 ul anti-CD16 / 32 hibridom süpernatant ekleyin ve Fc reseptörleri bloke etmek için 1-2 dakika inkübe edilir. </li><li> Numaralandırmak ve müteakip antikorlar (0,05 ug her biri), anti-CD11c-APC (N418), anti-CD11b-FITC, anti-B220 ve-PE tüm hücreleri leke. </li><li> Tarif olarak yıkayın ve santrifüj hücreleriadım 3.3, d. </li><li> CD11c + 100 ul FACS tamponu kapısı hücrelerinin yeniden süspanse ve CDCS (CD11c + CD11b + B220 -) için analiz ve pDC&#39;lerde (CD11c + CD11b - B220 +) 17. </li></ol>

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Authors have nothing to disclose.

Burada CLPs küçük bir sayı, özellikle bir in vitro kültür DClerin sağlam oluşturulması için bir sistem ve PDC tarif eder. Bu kültür sisteminin benzersiz besleyici olarak AC-6 hücreleri, stromal hücre çizgisi, kullanımına bağlıdır. Bu yaklaşım, IL-7, SCF, M-CSF ve FL 20 gibi yalnızca sitokinleri sağladığı gösterilmiştir, ancak, aynı zamanda, gerekli hücre-hücre teması 21 DC gelişimini desteklemek. AC-6 hücreler, birkaç progenitörlerin 8,16,22...

Dendritik hücreler (DC) bağışıklık tepkilerini 1 kontrolünde önemli bir rol oynamaktadır profesyonel antijen sunan hücrelerdir. DH&#39;ler, heterojen olsa da, genel olarak iki popülasyon olarak sınıflandırılabilir, konvansiyonel DCler (CDCS) ve plazmasitoid DCler (PDC) 2,3. Lenfoid organlara ek olarak, CDCS ve PDC aynı zamanda, akciğer, bağırsak, deri 2 dahil olmak üzere dokuların bulunurlar. CDCS ve pDC&#39;lerde morfolojisi dendrit gibi projeksiyonlar ve daha plazma hücre benzeri olma pDC&#39;lerde şeklini gösteren CDCS ile farklıdır. Buna ek olarak, ortak bir fare DC markör, CD11c, daha çok pDC&#39;lerde göre daha CDCS üzerinde ifade edilir. PDC 2 için, MHC sınıf II yüksek seviyeleri ve kostimülatör moleküller, her ikisi de CD24 + CDCS, - CDCS ve CD11b - Ayrıca, CDCS daha CD11b + CD24 ayrılabilir. Olgun PDC, diğer yandan, selektif Siglec-H ve BST2 4 ifade ettiği gösterilmiştir. Functionally, CDCS PDC olduğundan daha sunan hücrelerin iyi antijen; Ancak, PDC Ben virüs enfeksiyonu veya enflamatuar stimülasyon 5 üzerine interferon türü geniş bir miktarda üretebilir. Her iki CDCS ve PDC kısa ömürlü olduğu ve bu nedenle, sürekli kemik iliği (BM) 6,7 içindeki progenitörlerinden doldurulan olmalıdır. Öldürücü ışınlanmış farelere sık miyeloid progenitör (cmps) ve ortak lenfoid progenitörleri (CLPs) adoptif nakli CDCS ve PDC her iki soy 8-10 elde edilebileceğini göstermektedir. Ancak, RAG1 / 2 ifade ve IgH lokus 11,12 olarak yeniden düzenlenmiş DJ kesimleri sahip pDC&#39;lerde bir alt kümesi vardır. Bu hücreler, aynı zamanda B220 işaretleyicinin ifadesi, bir nükleik asit-algılama reseptörleri (TLR7 / TLR9) ve transkripsiyon faktörlerinin (SPIB ve Bcl11a) 13 de dahil olmak üzere B limfositleri üzerinde, moleküler benzerlikler, lenfoid imzaları olduğuna inanılmaktadır tüm sahiptir. Bu nedenle, CLPs nedeniyle soy benzerlik pDC&#39;lerde in vitro nesil için iyi seçimler olabilir. İnsanlarda ve farelerde hem CDCS ve pDC&#39;lerde sıklığı çok düşük olsa da 6 DH&#39;ler, özellikle de CDCS (örneğin, GM-CSF ya da 11,14 Flt3 ligandı gibi sitokinlerin mevcudiyetinde BM ya da progenitörlerinden in vitro üretilebilir FL ) besleyici içermeyen sistemler kullanılarak 11,15,16. Ancak ne yazık ki, bu FL 11,15,16 kullanılarak in vitro pDC&#39;lerde sayıda üretilmesi mümkün değildir. Daha önce PDC verimli AC-6 besleme sistemi 17 kullanarak CLPs in vitro olarak üretilebilir olduğunu gösterdi. Kültür sisteminde AC-6 stromal hücre çizgisi kullanılarak avantajı, hücre-hücre temas ve CLPs gelen pDC&#39;lerde çok sayıda üretilmesini destekleyen sitokinlerin salgılanmasını sağlamasıdır. Bu sistem ile, üretim oldukça sağlamdır olmasına rağmen, aşağıda anlatılan prosedürlerin dikkat çoğaltma i gereklidirn emri pDC&#39;lerde verimli nesil sağlamak.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Anti-mouse Ly6g/Ly6c (PE), clone RB6-8C5</td><td>Biolegend</td><td>108408</td><td>linage marker</td></tr><tr><td>Anti-mouse NK1.1 (PE), clone PK136</td><td>Biolegend</td><td>108708</td><td>linage marker</td></tr><tr><td>Anti-mouse&amp;nbsp; CD11b (PE), cloneM1/70</td><td>Biolegend</td><td>101208</td><td>linage marker</td></tr><tr><td>Anti-mouse CD19 (PE), clone eBio1D3</td><td>Biolegend</td><td>115508</td><td>linage marker</td></tr><tr><td>Anti-mouse B220 (PE), clone RA3-6B2</td><td>Biolegend</td><td>103208</td><td>linage marker/FACS</td></tr><tr><td>Anti-mouse CD3 (PE), clone 17A2</td><td>Biolegend</td><td>100308</td><td>linage marker</td></tr><tr><td>Anti-mouse CD8a (PE), clone 53-6.7</td><td>Biolegend</td><td>100707</td><td>linage marker</td></tr><tr><td>Anti-mouse MHC-II (PE), clone NIMR-4</td><td>Biolegend</td><td>107608</td><td>linage marker</td></tr><tr><td>Anti-mouse Ter119 (PE), clone TER-119</td><td>Biolegend</td><td>116208</td><td>linage marker</td></tr><tr><td>Anti-mouse Thy1.1 (PE), clone HIS51</td><td>eBioscience</td><td>12-0900-83</td><td>linage marker</td></tr><tr><td>Anti-mouse M-CSFR (APC), clone AFS98</td><td>Biolegend</td><td>135510</td><td>FACS</td></tr><tr><td>Anti-mouse c-Kit (PerCP/Cy5.5), clone 2B8</td><td>Biolegend</td><td>105824</td><td>FACS</td></tr><tr><td>Anti-mouse Sca-1 (FITC), clone D7</td><td>Biolegend</td><td>108106</td><td>FACS</td></tr><tr><td>Anti-mouse IL-7Ra (PE/Cy7), clone A7R34</td><td>Biolegend</td><td>135014</td><td>FACS</td></tr><tr><td>Anti-mouse CD11c (PerCP/Cy5.5), clone N418</td><td>Biolegend</td><td>117328</td><td>FACS</td></tr><tr><td>Anti-mouse CD11b (FITC), clone M1/70</td><td>Biolegend</td><td>101206</td><td>FACS</td></tr><tr><td>FACSAria III</td><td>BD Biosciences</td><td></td><td>Cell sorter</td></tr><tr><td>FACS sorting tube&amp;nbsp;</td><td>BD Biosciences</td><td>352054</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>FlowJo</td><td>FlowJo LLC</td><td></td><td>Flow analysis sofrware</td></tr></tbody></table>

in vitro generation of murine plasmacytoid dendritic cells from common lymphoid progenitors using the ac-6 feeder system

Plazmasitoid dendritik hücreler (PDC) I enfeksiyona veya enflamatuar yanıtlar sırasmda yanıt olarak aktive olmuş (IFN-I) üreten hücreler interferon güçlü bir tipidir. Ne yazık ki, pDC fonksiyonunun çalışma lenfoid organlarda düşük frekansta tarafından engellenmektedir, in vitro DC nesil için mevcut yöntemler ağırlıklı pDC&#39;lerde üzerinde CDCS üretimini tercih. İşte biz verimli in vitro ortak lenfoid atalarıdır (CLPs) den PDC oluşturmak için benzersiz bir yaklaşım sunuyoruz. Spesifik olarak, iletişim kuralı, kemik iliğinden CLPs arındırmak ve Flt3 ligand mevcudiyetinde γ-ışınlanmış AC-6 besleyici hücreler ile coculturing ile PDC oluşturmak için nasıl ayrıntıları açıklanan. Bu kültür sisteminin benzersiz özelliği CLPs AC-6 hücreleri altında göç ve Arnavut kaldırımlı alan oluşturan hücreler, PDC genişletilmesi için kritik bir adım haline olmasıdır. Morfolojik olarak farklı DCler, yani PDC ve CDCS 7, bir bileşim ile yaklaşık 2 hafta sonra elde edildiOptimal koşullarda% 0-90 PDC. Tipik olarak, bu yöntemle üretilen pDC&#39;lerde sayısı kabaca tohumlu CLPs sayısı 100 mislidir. Bu nedenle, bu sağlam bu hücrelerin gelişimi ve fonksiyonu içine daha ileri çalışmalar kolaylaştırmak için gereklidir pDC&#39;lerde sayıda üretmek için hangi yeni bir sistemdir.

4-6x10 7 BM hücrelerinin toplam tipik haliyle femur ve bir 6-8 hafta yaşında, vahşi tipli C57BL / 6 fare tibya izole edilmiştir. CLPs sıralamak için, toplam BM hücrelerinin soy belirteçleri (CD3, CD8, B220, CD19, CD11b, Gr-1, Thy1.1, NK1.1, TER119 ve MHC-II), anti karşı PE-konjuge antikor ile boyanır c-Kit PerCP / Cy5.5, anti-Sca-1-FITC, anti-M-CSFR-APC, anti-IL-7Rα-PE / Cy7, analiz edilir ve bir hücre sınıflandıncısı ile kriteri. CLP için sıralama strateji Şekil <strong...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about In Vitro Generation of Murine Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells from Common Lymphoid Progenitors using the AC-6 Feeder System at JoVE.com

In Vitro Generation of Murine Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells from Common Lymphoid Progenitors using the AC-6 Feeder System

In this study we present an in vitro culture system that can efficiently generate pDCs by co-culturing common lymphoid progenitors with AC-6 feeder cells in the presence of Flt3 ligand.

AC-6 Besleyici Sistemi kullanılarak Ortak Lenfoid progenitörlerin dan Fare plazmositoid dendritik hücreler İn Vitro Nesil

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are powerful type I interferon (IFN-I) producing cells that are activated in response to infection or during ...

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Research

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Immunology and Infection

In Vitro Generation of Murine Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells from Common Lymphoid Progenitors using the AC-6 Feeder System

8.4K Görüntüleme.  National Taiwan University College of Medicine. In this study we present an in vitro culture system that can efficiently generate pDCs by co-culturing common lymphoid progenitors with AC-6 feeder cells in the presence of Flt3 ligand. 

Video: In Vitro Generation of Murine Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells from Common Lymphoid Progenitors using the AC-6 Feeder System

Murine Model of CD40-activation of B cells

Research on B cells has shown that CD40 activation improves their antigen presentation capacity. When stimulated with interleukin-4 and CD40 ligand (CD40L), human B cells can be expanded without difficulties from small amounts of peripheral blood within 14 days to very large amounts of highly-pure CD40-B cells (&gt;109 cells per patient) from healthy donors as well as cancer patients1-4. CD40-B cells express important lymph node homing molecules and can attract T cells in vitro5. Furthermore they efficiently take up, process and present antigens to T cells6,7. CD40-B cells were shown to not only prime na&iacute;ve, but also expand memory T cells8,9. Therefore CD40-activated B cells (CD40-B cells) have been studied as an alternative source of immuno-stimulatory antigen-presenting cells (APC) for cell-based immunotherapy1,5,10. In order to further study whether CD40-B cells induce effective T cell responses in vivo and to study the underlying mechanism we established a cell culture system for the generation of murine CD40-activated B cells. Using splenocytes or purified B cells from C57BL/6 mice for CD40-activation, optimal conditions were identified as follows: Starting from splenocytes of C57BL/6 mice (haplotype H-2b) lymphocytes are purified by density gradient centrifugation and co-cultured with HeLa cells expressing recombinant murine CD40 ligand (tmuCD40L HeLa)11. Cells are recultured every 3-4 days and key components such as CD40L, interleukin-4, -Mercaptoethanol and cyclosporin A are replenished. In this protocol we demonstrate how to obtain fully activated murine CD40-B cells (mCD40B) with similar APC-phenotype to human CD40-B cells (Fig 1a,b). CD40-stimulation leads to a rapid outgrowth and expansion of highly pure (&gt;90%) CD19+ B cells within 14 days of cell culture (Fig 1c,d). To avoid contamination with non-transfected cells, expression of the murine CD40 ligand on the transfectants has to be controlled regularly (Fig 2). Murine CD40-activated B cells can be used to study B-cell activation and differentiation as well as to investigate their potential to function as APC in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, they represent a promising tool for establishing therapeutic or preventive vaccination against tumors and will help to answer questions regarding safety and immunogenicity of this approach12.

In this video, we demonstrate the procedure of CD40-activation and expansion of murine B cells from splenocytes of C57BL/6 mice, which can be used as a model antigen-presenting cell (APC) to study induction of immunity.

Murin Model B hücreleri CD40 aktivasyonu

Research on B cells has shown that CD40 activation improves their antigen presentation capacity. When stimulated with interleukin-4 and CD40 ligand ...

İmmünoloji ve Enfeksiyon

Culture of myeloid dendritic cells from bone marrow precursors

Myeloid dendritic cells (DCs) are frequently used to study the interactions between innate and adaptive immune mechanisms and the early response to infection. Because these are the most potent antigen presenting cells, DCs are being increasingly used as a vaccine vector to study the induction of antigen-specific immune responses. In this video, we demonstrate the procedure for harvesting tibias and femurs from a donor mouse, processing the bone marrow and differentiating DCs in vitro. The properties of DCs change following stimulation: immature dendritic cells are potent phagocytes, whereas mature DCs are capable of antigen presentation and interaction with CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. This change in functional activity corresponds with the upregulation of cell surface markers and cytokine production. Many agents can be used to mature DCs, including cytokines and toll-like receptor ligands. In this video, we demonstrate flow cytometric comparisons of expression of two co-stimulatory molecules, CD86 and CD40, and the cytokine, IL-12, following overnight stimulation with CpG or mock treatment. After differentiation, DCs can be further manipulated for use as a vaccine vector or to generate antigen-specific immune responses by in vitro pulsing using peptides or proteins, or transduced using recombinant viral vectors. 

This video demonstrates the procedure for differentiating myeloid dendritic cells from mouse bone marrow. Isolation of mouse tibia and femur, and processing of bone marrow are demonstrated. Pictures demonstrating cell morphology before and after differentiation, and figures depicting cell phenotype and IL-12 production following maturation using CpG are shown.

Myeloid dendritik hücreler kemik iliği öncüleri Kültür

Myeloid dendritic cells (DCs) are frequently used to study the interactions between innate and adaptive immune mechanisms and the early response to ...

Biyoloji

Generation of Bone Marrow Derived Murine Dendritic Cells for Use in 2-photon Imaging

Several methods for the preparation of murine dendritic cells can be found in the literature. Here, we present a method that produces greater than 85% CD11c high dendritic cells in culture that home to the draining lymph node after subcutaneous injection and present antigen to antigen specific T cells (see video). Additionally, we use Essen Instruments Incucyte to track dendritic cell maturation, where, at day 10, the morphology of the cultured cells is typical of a mature dendritic cell and &lt;85% of cells are CD11chigh. The study of antigen presentation in peripheral lymph nodes by 2-photon imaging revealed that there are three distinct phases of dendritic cell and T cell interaction1, 2. Phase I consists of brief serial contacts between highly motile antigen specific T cells and antigen carrying dendritic cells1, 2. Phase two is marked by prolonged contacts between antigen-specific T cell and antigen bearing dendritic cells1, 2. Finally, phase III is characterized by T cells detaching from dendritic cells, regaining motility and beginning to divide1, 2. This is one example of the type of antigen-specific interactions that can be analyzed by two-photon imaging of antigen-loaded cell tracker dye-labeled dendritic cells.

Antigen presentation in secondary lymphoid organs by dendritic cells is crucial for the initiation of the T cell mediated adaptive immune response. Here we demonstrate the culture of bone marrow derived murine dendritic cells, activation, and labeling for 2-photon imaging.

Kemik İliği Üretimi 2-foton Görüntüleme Kullanım murin Dendritik Hücreler Türetilmiş

Several methods for the preparation of murine dendritic cells can be found in the literature. Here, we present a method that produces greater than 85% ...

Assessing the Development of Murine Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells in Peyer's Patches Using Adoptive Transfer of Hematopoietic Progenitors

This protocol details a method to analyze the ability of purified hematopoietic progenitors to generate plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) in intestinal Peyer&#39;s patch (PP). Common dendritic cell progenitors (CDPs, lin- c-kitlo CD115+ Flt3+) were purified from the bone marrow of C57BL6 mice by FACS and transferred to recipient mice that lack a significant pDC population in PP; in this case, Ifnar-/- mice were used as the transfer recipients. In some mice, overexpression of the dendritic cell growth factor Flt3 ligand (Flt3L) was enforced prior to adoptive transfer of CDPs, using hydrodynamic gene transfer (HGT) of Flt3L-encoding plasmid. Flt3L overexpression expands DC populations originating from transferred (or endogenous) hematopoietic progenitors. At 7-10 days after progenitor transfer, pDCs that arise from the adoptively transferred progenitors were distinguished from recipient cells on the basis of CD45 marker expression, with pDCs from transferred CDPs being CD45.1+ and recipients being CD45.2+. The ability of transferred CDPs to contribute to the pDC population in PP and to respond to Flt3L was evaluated by flow cytometry of PP single cell suspensions from recipient mice. This method may be used to test whether other progenitor populations are capable of generating PP pDCs. In addition, this approach could be used to examine the role of factors that are predicted to affect pDC development in PP, by transferring progenitor subsets with an appropriate knockdown, knockout or overexpression of the putative developmental factor and/or by manipulating circulating cytokines via HGT. This method may also allow analysis of how PP pDCs affect the frequency or function of other immune subsets in PPs. A unique feature of this method is the use of Ifnar-/- mice, which show severely depleted PP pDCs relative to wild type animals, thus allowing reconstitution of PP pDCs in the absence of confounding effects from lethal irradiation.

This protocol describes experimental procedures to assess the differentiation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells in Peyer&#8217;s patch from common dendritic cell progenitors, using techniques involving FACS-mediated cell isolation, hydrodynamic gene transfer, and flow analysis of immune subsets in Peyer&#8217;s patch.

Hematopoetik progenitörlerin Evlatlık Transferi kullanarak Peter Parçacıklannda Murin plazmasitoid dendritik hücreleri Gelişimini değerlendirilmesi

This protocol details a method to analyze the ability of purified hematopoietic progenitors to generate plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) in intestinal ...

An Efficient and High Yield Method for Isolation of Mouse Dendritic Cell Subsets

Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells primarily responsible for acquiring, processing and presenting antigens on antigen presenting molecules to initiate T-cell-mediated immunity. Dendritic cells can be separated into several phenotypically and functionally heterogeneous subsets. Three important subsets of splenic dendritic cells are plasmacytoid, CD8&#945;Pos and CD8&#945;Neg cells. The plasmacytoid DCs are natural producers of type I interferon and are important for anti-viral T cell immunity. The CD8&#945;Neg DC subset is specialized for MHC class II antigen presentation and is centrally involved in priming CD4 T cells. The CD8&#945;Pos DCs are primarily responsible for cross-presentation of exogenous antigens and CD8 T cell priming. The CD8&#945;Pos DCs have been demonstrated to be most efficient at the presentation of glycolipid antigens by CD1d molecules to a specialized T cell population known as invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells. Administration of Flt-3 ligand increases the frequency of migration of dendritic cell progenitors from bone marrow, ultimately resulting in expansion of dendritic cells in peripheral lymphoid organs in murine models. We have adapted this model to purify large numbers of functional dendritic cells for use in cell transfer experiments to compare in vivo proficiency of different DC subsets.

Distinct dendritic cell subsets exist as rare populations in lymphoid organs, and therefore are challenging to isolate in sufficient numbers and purity for immunological experiments. Here we describe a high efficiency, high yield method for isolation of all of the currently known major subsets of mouse splenic dendritic cells.

Fare Dendritik Hücre Alt Grupları İzolasyonunda bir Verimli ve Yüksek Verim Yöntem

Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells primarily responsible for acquiring, processing and presenting antigens on antigen ...

Generation of Immature, Mature and Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells with Differing Metabolic Phenotypes

Immune response results from a complex interplay between the antigen non-specific innate immune system and the antigen specific adaptive immune system. The immune system is a constant balance in maintaining tolerance to self-molecules and reacting rapidly to pathogens. Dendritic cells (DCs) are powerful professional antigen presenting cells that link the innate immune system to the adaptive immune system and balance the adaptive response between self and non-self. Depending on the maturation signals, immature dendritic cells can be selectively stimulated to differentiate into immunogenic or tolerogenic DCs. Immunogenic dendritic cells provide proliferation signals to antigen-specific T cells for clonal expansion; while tolerogenic dendritic cells regulate tolerance by antigen-specific T-cell deletion or clonal expansion of regulatory T-cells. Due to this unique property, dendritic cells are highly sought after as therapeutic agents for cancer and autoimmune diseases. Dendritic cells can be loaded with specific antigens in vitro and injected into the human body to mount a specific immune response both immunogenic and tolerogenic. This work presents a means to generate in vitro from monocytes, immature monocyte derived dendritic cells (moDCs), tolerogenic and mature moDCs that differ in surface marker expression, function and metabolic phenotypes.

Immature dendritic cells can be selectively differentiated into tolerogenic or mature dendritic cells to regulate the balance between immunity and tolerance. This work presents a means to generate from immature monocyte derived dendritic cells (moDCs), in vitro tolerogenic and mature moDCs that differ in metabolic phenotypes.

Metabolik fenotipleri farklı olarak sahip Olgunlaşmamış, Olgun ve tolerojenik Dendritik Hücrelerinin Üretimi

Immune response results from a complex interplay between the antigen non-specific innate immune system and the antigen specific adaptive immune system. ...

Generation of Human Monocyte-derived Dendritic Cells from Whole Blood

Dendritic cells (DCs) recognize foreign structures of different pathogens, such as viruses, bacteria, and fungi, via a variety of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) expressed on their cell surface and thereby activate and regulate immunity. 
The major function of DCs is the induction of adaptive immunity in the lymph nodes by presenting antigens via MHC I and MHC II molecules to na&#239;ve T lymphocytes. Therefore, DCs have to migrate from the periphery to the lymph nodes after the recognition of pathogens at the sites of infection. For in vitro experiments or DC vaccination strategies, monocyte-derived DCs are routinely used. These cells show similarities in physiology, morphology, and function to conventional myeloid dendritic cells. They are generated by interleukin 4 (IL-4) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) stimulation of monocytes isolated from healthy donors. Here, we demonstrate how monocytes are isolated and stimulated from anti-coagulated human blood after peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) enrichment by density gradient centrifugation. Human monocytes are differentiated into immature DCs and are ready for experimental procedures in a non-clinical setting after 5 days of incubation.

Here, we demonstrate how monocytes are isolated by magnetic bead separation from peripheral blood mononuclear cells after density gradient centrifugation of human anti-coagulated blood. Following incubation for 5 days, human monocytes are differentiated into immature dendritic cells and are ready for experimental procedures in a non-clinical setting.

Tüm kan İnsan monosit türevli dendritik hücrelerin oluşumu

Dendritic cells (DCs) recognize foreign structures of different pathogens, such as viruses, bacteria, and fungi, via a variety of pattern recognition ...

Generation of Large Numbers of Myeloid Progenitors and Dendritic Cell Precursors from Murine Bone Marrow Using a Novel Cell Sorting Strategy

Cultures of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDC) generated from mouse bone marrow using Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) have recently been recognized to be more heterogeneous than previously appreciated. These cultures routinely contain moDC as well monocyte-derived macrophages (moMac), and even some less developed cells such as monocytes. The goal of this protocol is to provide a consistent method for identification and separation of the many cell types present in these cultures as they develop, so that their specific functions may be further investigated. The sorting strategy presented here separates cells first into four populations based on expression of Ly6C and CD115, both of which are expressed transiently by cells as they develop in GM-CSF-driven culture. These four populations include Common myeloid progenitors or CMP (Ly6C-, CD115-), granulocyte/macrophage progenitors or GMP (Ly6C+, CD115-), monocytes (Ly6C+, CD115+), and monocyte-derived macrophages or moMac (Ly6C-, CD115+). CD11c is also added to the sorting strategy to distinguish two populations within the Ly6C-, CD115- population: CMP (CD11c-) and moDC (CD11c+). Finally, two populations may be further distinguished within the Ly6C-, CD115+ population based on the level of MHC class II expression. MoMacs express lower levels of MHC class II, while a monocyte-derived DC precursor (moDP) expresses higher MHC class II. This method allows for the reliable isolation of several developmentally distinct populations in numbers sufficient for a variety of functional and developmental analyses. We highlight one such functional readout, the differential responses of these cell types to stimulation with Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs).

Here we provide a method for identifying and isolating large numbers of GM-CSF driven myeloid cells using high speed cell sorting. Five distinct populations (Common myeloid progenitors, granulocyte/macrophage progenitors, monocytes, monocyte-derived macrophages, and monocyte-derived DCs) can be identified based on Ly6C and CD115 expression.

Çok sayıda miyeloid ataları ve dendritik hücre öncüleri fare kemik iliği strateji sıralama bir roman hücre kullanarak gelen nesil

Cultures of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDC) generated from mouse bone marrow using Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) have ...

Development and Functional Characterization of Murine Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells

The immune system operates by maintaining a tight balance between coordinating responses against foreign antigens and maintaining an unresponsive state against self-antigens as well as antigens derived from commensal organisms. The disruption of this immune homeostasis can lead to chronic inflammation and to the development of autoimmunity. Dendritic cells (DCs) are the professional antigen-presenting cells of the innate immune system involved in activating na&#239;ve T cells to initiate immune responses against foreign antigens. However, DCs can also be differentiated into TolDCs that act to maintain and promote T cell tolerance and to suppress effector cells contributing to the development of either autoimmune or chronic inflammation conditions. The recent advancement in our understanding of TolDCs suggests that DC tolerance can be achieved by modulating their differentiation conditions. This phenomenon has led to tremendous growth in developing TolDC therapies for numerous immune disorders caused due to break in immune tolerance. Successful studies in preclinical autoimmunity murine models have further validated the immunotherapeutic utility of TolDCs in the treatment of autoimmune disorders. Today, TolDCs have become a promising immunotherapeutic tool in the clinic for reinstating immune tolerance in various immune disorders by targeting pathogenic autoimmune responses while leaving protective immunity intact. Although an array of strategies has been proposed by multiple labs to induce TolDCs, there is no consistency in characterizing the cellular and functional phenotype of these cells. This protocol provides a step-by-step guide for the development of bone marrow-derived DCs in large numbers, a unique method used to differentiate them into TolDCs with a synthetic triterpenoid 2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9-dien-28-oic acid-difluoro-propyl-amide (CDDO-DFPA), and the techniques used to confirm their phenotype, including analyses of essential molecular signatures of TolDCs. Finally, we show a method to assess TolDC function by testing their immunosuppressive response in vitro and in vivo in a preclinical model of multiple sclerosis.

Here, we present a protocol to develop and characterize tolerogenic dendritic cells (TolDCs) and evaluate their immunotherapeutic utility.

Geliştirme ve işlevsel fare Tolerogenic dendritik hücrelerin karakterizasyonu

The immune system operates by maintaining a tight balance between coordinating responses against foreign antigens and maintaining an unresponsive state ...

Tıp

In Vitro Generation of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells from Common Lymphoid Progenitors

Source: Chang, S., et al. <a href="https://app.jove.com/v/53211">In Vitro Generation of Murine Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells from Common Lymphoid Progenitors using the AC-6 Feeder System.</a> J. Vis. Exp. (2015)
This video demonstrates an in vitro assay to generate plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) from common lymphoid progenitor cells (CLPs). Upon co-culturing purified CLPs with &#947;-irradiated feeder cells in the presence of Fms-like tyrosine kinase-3 ligand (FL), the CLPs differentiate into non-adherent pDCs, the presence of which is confirmed using flow cytometry.

Ortak Lenfoid Progenitörlerden Plazmasitoid Dendritik Hücrelerin İn Vitro Üretimi

Source: Chang, S., et al. In Vitro Generation of Murine Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells from Common Lymphoid Progenitors using the AC-6 Feeder System. J. ...