Bu çalışma hibe numaraları EN 104-2221-e-241-001-My3 altında, Bilim ve Teknoloji, Tayvan Bakanlığı tarafından desteklenen ve EN 105-2627-B-005-002 oldu.

1. Deneysel çip modülü <ol><li> Indiyum kalay oksit (İTO) fotolitografi ve kimyasal ıslak aşındırma işlemleri ile elektrod bir yonga <ol><li> ticari bir 2.600 Å İTO tabakası ile bir İTO substratı (370 mm x 480 mm x 0,5 mm (U x G x Y)) elde (Malzeme Listesi). 4 inçlik hizalama içinde İTO elektrot desenlendirme işlemi için bir cam kesici x 90 mm x 0,5 mm 90 mm boyutlarına İTO substratı dilimleyin. </li><li> Her biri 15 dakika için deiyonize su ile daha sonra aseton ile İTO cam temizlemek için bir ultrason temizleyici kullanın. temiz ve kuru hava ile İTO cam kurulayın. </li><li> İTO cam yüzeyi üzerine pozitif fotorezist çözeltisi 5 ml koyun. </li><li> homojen bir fotodirenç tabakası üretilmesi için 30 saniye boyunca 500 xg&#39;de santrifüj kaplama cihazı kullanın. 5 dakika fotorezist aşırı çözücüyü çıkarmak için daha sonra 90 ° C&#39;de bir sıcak plaka üzerinde pişirilir. </li><li> 3.1 sn t 436 nm&#39;de ultraviyole ışık 14 mW İTO cam Açığatasarlanmış deseni ile film photomask hrough (Malzeme Listesi). </li><li> desenli yolları geliştirmek için 30 saniye boyunca 23 ° C&#39;de 60 mi geliştirme çözeltisi içinde örnek bırakın. 10 dk ışığa sertleşmesine ve fotorezist yapışmasını geliştirmek için daha sonra 120 ° C&#39;de bir ocak pişirin. </li><li> Korunmasız İTO katmanı etch 80 ° C&#39;da, çözelti 60 ml gravür 3 dakika için numune bırakın. </li><li> İTO cam yüzeyi üzerinde ışığa çıkarmak için 60 ml aseton içinde 1 dakika için örnek bırakın. </li><li> Bir cam kesici ile deneysel İTO elektrot çip x 35 mm 62 mm (Şekil 1) boyutlara İTO cam dilimleyin. </li></ol></li></ol><img alt="Şekil 1" src="/files/ftp_upload/54575/54575fig1.jpg" /> Şekil 1:. İTO elektrot çip gösterilen elektrot desenli yollarının 8 çift ile İTO çip fabrikasyon. 15 elektrotlar bulunmaktadır<html> yan kenarında 2 mm x 8 mm ölçüsünde ve merkezi iki yolları aynı elektrot paylaşıyoruz. Bir test kuyudaki elektrot parmakları her çifti arasındaki mesafe 7 mm. <a href="https://www.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/54575/54575fig1large.jpg" target="_blank">Bu rakamın büyük halini görmek için lütfen buraya tıklayınız.</a> <ol start="2"><li> Deneysel çip modülü Construct <ol><li> 15 dakika her biri için, deterjan, daha sonra iyonu giderilmiş su, daha sonra% 95 etanol ve deiyonize su ile, Şekil 2&#39;de gösterildiği gibi, bir ultrasonik temizleyici ticari 8 oyuklu silikon dizi temizleyin. </li><li> temiz, kuru hava üfleyerek 8-iyi silikon dizi kurutun. </li><li> Deneysel çip modülü (Şekil 3) oluşturmak amacıyla İTO yonga içine 8-iyi silikon dizisi basın. Sıkıca silikon dizi ve İTO çip bağlamak. </li></ol></li></ol>54575fig2.jpg &quot;/&gt; Şekil 2:. Silikon kuyu dizisi ticari 8-iyi silikon dizisi aynı anda 8 test örnekleri tutabilir. Her kuyunun boyutu x 8 mm x 8.5 mm (U x G x Y) 11 mm dir. <a href="https://www.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/54575/54575fig2large.jpg" target="_blank">Bu rakamın büyük halini görmek için lütfen buraya tıklayınız.</a> <img alt="Şekil 3," src="/files/ftp_upload/54575/54575fig3.jpg" /> Şekil 3:. Deneysel çip modülü İTO elektrot çip deneysel yonga modülü oluşturmak için 8-iyi silikon dizisi ile takılır. Silikon dizisi ve İTO çip arasındaki yapışma güçlüdür. Bu nedenle, silikon dizisi ve herhangi bir yapıştırıcı madde olarak kullanılmak için bir araya bağ olabilir İTO yongası. <a href="https://www.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/54575/54575fig3large.jpg" target="_blank">Bu rakamın büyük halini görmek için lütfen buraya tıklayınız.</a> 2. Empedans Ölçümü <ol><li> Şekil 4&#39;te gösterildiği gibi empedans okuma modülü oluşturmak için kişisel bilgisayar, kilit-amplifikatör ve anahtar rölesini bağlayın. </li></ol><img alt="Şekil 4," src="/files/ftp_upload/54575/54575fig4.jpg" /> Şekil 4:. Empedans tabanlı aparatın şematik kilit-amplifikatör, anahtar röle ve kişisel bilgisayar empedans okuma modülü içermektedir. Ticari Faz duyarlı kilit-amplifikatör elektrik sinyalleri göndermek ve ayıklamak için kullanılır. Çeşitli İTO cips bağlayan ev yapımı anahtar röle devresi test edilecek iyi olan ve hangi İTO çip belirtmek için kullanılır. 6 fiş toplam bir zaman paylaşımı şekilde 48 örnekleri belirterek anahtarı röle bağlanabilir. dirençli ve test edilen çözeltinin sinyali faz kayması bütün evaporat için kişisel bir bilgisayarda sürekli olarak kaydedilir faz-içi gerçek zamanlıiyon süreç. <a href="https://www.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/54575/54575fig4large.jpg" target="_blank">Bu rakamın büyük halini görmek için lütfen buraya tıklayınız.</a> <ol start="2"><li> Anahtar rölesinin sokete deneysel çip modülü koyun. </li><li> bilgisayar programında girdi parametreleri. Giriş sinyali frekansı (1 kHz), belirtilen kuyu sayısı (0-7), yürütme döngüsü (100), ve dosya (HA). </li></ol> 3. Buharlaşma Deneyleri <ol><li> su içinde, 0, 0.05, 0.5 ve 1 w / v% dört 2.5 mi hyaluronik asit solüsyonu hazırlayın. 14.75 mm x 45 mm x 8 mm (OD x Y x ID) ölçülerinde bir flakon her 2.5 ml örnek çözümü yerleştirin. </li><li> Her çözüm için İTO çip modülü tek bir kuyu için 0.5 ml örnek çözüm ekleyin. </li><li> Tartın ve Elektronik terazi makine tarafından her şişeye başlangıç ​​ağırlığı kaydedin. </li><li> otomatik olarak ölçmek ve faz-içi direnç gerçek zamanlı kayıt bilgisayar programı ve sinyal p yürütmekİTO çip üzerinde belirtilen kuyuların hase kayması. </li><li> tartı yöntem ve empedans yöntemiyle hem aynı yerde aynı anda buharlaşma deneyleri başlayın. </li><li> Tartılır ve planlanan zaman noktalarında elektronik denge makinesi tarafından her flakon ağırlığı kaydedin. </li><li> Tartım yöntemi ve empedans yöntemi toplanan verileri analiz edin. 19 </li></ol>

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Yazarlar ifşa hiçbir şey yok.

Bu empedans tabanlı algılama buharlaşma ölçümü için kritik bir adım test çözeltilerin hazırlanmasıdır. Deiyonize su muazzam empedans nedeniyle kullanılamaz. Bunun yerine, iletken iyonları içeren musluk suyu deneyleri için hyaluronik asit solüsyonu hazırlamak için kullanıldı. Ancak, musluk suyunun elektriksel özellikleri kullanmak için sabit değildi. Bu nedenle, bu çalışmada su nispi bir buharlaşma hızına olarak normalleştirme, buharlaştırma için alternatif ...

Buharlaştırma, sıvı buharlaşmasının türüdür ve sudan oluşan bir topluluğun bir gaz-sıvı arayüz boyunca meydana gelir. yüzeye yakın su molekülleri nedeniyle su moleküllerinin çarpışması sıvının kaçan yeteneğine sahip olmak. buharlaşma oranı buharlaşma sürecinde önemli bir önemli bir faktördür. Genellikle, bir denge ya da hacimsel tüp 1-3 çözümleri buharlaşmasını tespit etmek için yaygın kullanılmaktadır. Ancak, bunun nedeni bir denge ya da hacimsel tüp hassas sınırlamasına buharlaşma oranını ölçmek için uzun bir zaman alır. Bu nedenle, bir duyarlı ve yüksek hassasiyetli enstrüman buharlaşma sürecinin detaya araştırmak için geliştirilmesi gerekmektedir. Elektrokimyasal empedans Spektroskopisi (EIS), hızlı tepki, elektrokimyasal sistem karakterizasyonu 4 yerinde empedans saptanması açısından hassas ve etkili bir deney yöntemidir. Bu nedenle, EIS çeşitli bes uygulanabilirlds, Böyle bir son hücresel davranış 5 ile ilgili çalışmaların, biyoanalitik algılama 6-7, elektroliz 8, iletken polimerlerin 9 ve elektrokimyasal çıkarma 10 olarak. ÇBS sistemleri başarıyla disiplinlerden geniş bir yelpazede uygulanan olmuştu olsa da, buharlaşma araştırma yaptığı başvuruda yayınları son derece az sayıda de mevcuttur. Hyaluronik asit, mutlaka su-bağlayıcı potansiyeli olan yüksek molekül ağırlıklı bir polisakarit, kozmetik uygulamalar için iyi bilinen bir nemlendiricidir. Bir hyaluronik asit molekülü 500 su molekülleri 11 kadar bağlamak ve 1000 kat orijinal hacminin 12 ulaşabilir. Hyaluronik asit son derece küçük bir miktar nemlendirici fonksiyonu 13-14 sahip olabilir. Nedeniyle yüksek nem tutma, hyaluronik asit, dünya çapında 15 yüksek ticari değeri olan kozmetik nemlendirici ürünleri önemli bir bileşeni haline gelmiştir. TOnun çalışma yüksek hız algılama, küçük hacimli numune gereksinimi ve çoklu numune ölçümleri 16-19 özelliğine yeni bir empedans tabanlı aparatın yöntem sunuyor. Bu geleneksel tartı şekilde üzerinde yenilikçi algılama mekanizmasının üstünlüğü doğrulamak için bir yol olarak çözümler arasında göreceli buharlaşma oranı karşılaştırma odaklanarak sunulmuştur.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="848">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="28">
			<td height="28" style="height:28px;width:143px;">95 % ethanol</td>
			<td style="width:292px;">Echo Chemical Co., Ltd., Miaoli, Taiwan</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">484000001103C-00EC</td>
			<td style="width:259px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="45">
			<td height="45" style="height:45px;width:143px;">Acetone</td>
			<td style="width:292px;">Avantor Performance Materials Inc., Center Valley, PA, USA</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">JTB-9005-68</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="30">
			<td height="30" style="height:30px;width:143px;">Development solution</td>
			<td style="width:292px;">Kemitek Industrial Crop., Hsinchu, Taiwan</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">12F01031</td>
			<td style="width:259px;">KTD-1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="30">
			<td height="30" style="height:30px;width:143px;">Etching solution</td>
			<td style="width:292px;">eSolv Technology Co., Taipei, Taiwan</td>
			<td style="width:155px;"></td>
			<td style="width:259px;">EG-462</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="45">
			<td height="45" style="height:45px;width:143px;">Hyaluronic acid</td>
			<td style="width:292px;">Shandong Freda Biopharm Co., Ltd., Jinan, China</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">1010212</td>
			<td>Molecular weight 980k, Cosmetic Grade</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="45">
			<td height="45" style="height:45px;width:143px;">Photoresist solution</td>
			<td style="width:292px;">AZ Electronic Materials Taiwan Co., Ltd., Hsinchu, Taiwan</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">65101M19</td>
			<td style="width:259px;">AZ6112</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="47">
			<td height="47" style="height:47px;width:143px;">8-well silicone array</td>
			<td style="width:292px;">Greiner bio-one Inc., Frickenhausen, Baden-W&#252;rttemberg, Germany</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">FlexiPERM</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="45">
			<td height="45" style="height:45px;width:143px;">ITO glass</td>
			<td style="width:292px;">GemTech Optoelectronics Co., Taoyuan, Taiwan</td>
			<td style="width:155px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:143px;">Vial&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:292px;">Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC., St. Louis, MO, USA</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">854190</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="28">
			<td height="28" style="height:28px;width:143px;">Film photomask</td>
			<td style="width:292px;">Taiwan Mesh Co., Ltd, Taoyuan, Taiwan</td>
			<td style="width:155px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="46">
			<td height="46" style="height:46px;width:143px;">Lock-in amplifier</td>
			<td style="width:292px;">Stanford Research Systems, Inc., Palo Alto, CA, USA</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">SR830</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="66">
			<td height="66" style="height:66px;width:143px;">Switch relay</td>
			<td style="width:292px;">Instrument Technology Research Center, National Applied Research Laboratories, Hsinchu, Taiwan</td>
			<td style="width:155px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:143px;">Electronic balance machine</td>
			<td style="width:292px;">Precisa Co., Dietikon, Switzerland</td>
			<td>XS225A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a high performance impedance-based platform for evaporation rate detection

Bu çalışma, buharlaşma oranının saptanması için yeni bir empedans tabanlı platformun bir yöntem açıklanır. Model bileşik hyaluronik asit gösteri amaçlı burada istihdam edildi. Çözeltilerin çeşitli konsantrasyonları ile nemlendirici gibi model bileşiği birden çok buharlaşma testleri karşılaştırma amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Geleneksel kilo kaybı yaklaşım buharlaşma oranı tespiti için en basit, ancak zaman alıcı, ölçüm tekniği olarak bilinir. Bununla birlikte, açık bir dezavantaj numunenin büyük miktarda gereklidir ve birden fazla örnek testleri aynı anda yapılan edilemez olmasıdır. literatürde ilk kez, bir elektrik empedans algılama çipi başarılı bir zaman paylaşımı, sürekli ve otomatik bir şekilde, gerçek zamanlı bir buharlaştırma inceleme uygulanır. Ayrıca, az test numuneleri 0.5 ml olarak empedans tabanlı cihaz gereklidir, ve büyük bir empedans değişimi, çeşitli seyreltilmiş soluti arasında gösterilmiştirons. Önerilen yüksek hassasiyetli ve hızlı tepki empedans algılama sistemi buharlaşma oranı tespiti açısından geleneksel bir kilo kaybı yaklaşımını daha iyi performans bulunmuştur.

Buharlaşma işlemi sırasında test edilen çözelti içinde iletken iyonları azaltılması çözeltisi hacmi ile konsantre hale geldi ve bu çözeltinin empedansı azalmıştır. kilo kaybı ve her test çözeltisi için buharlaşma devam empedans azalma oranları ölçülmüştür. Karşılaştırma amaçlı olarak, ağırlık kaybı ve empedans azalma oranları veri su normalize edildi ve daha sonra, Şekil 5&#39;in birlikte çizilmiştir. Şekil 5&#39;te gösterildiği gibi, kilo ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A High Performance Impedance-based Platform for Evaporation Rate Detection at JoVE.com

A High Performance Impedance-based Platform for Evaporation Rate Detection

Bu makale çözümleri buharlaşma oranı tespiti için bir empedans tabanlı cihazı sunar. Bu geleneksel bir kilo kaybı yaklaşımı üzerinde net avantajlar sunmaktadır: hızlı yanıt, yüksek hassasiyetli algılama, küçük bir örnek gereksinimi, çoklu numune ölçümleri, temizlik ve yeniden amaçlı kolay sökme.

Buharlaşma Hızı Algılama için bir Yüksek Performanslı Empedans tabanlı Platformu

This paper describes the method of a novel impedance-based platform for the detection of the evaporation rate. The model compound hyaluronic acid was ...

a-high-performance-impedance-based-platform-for-evaporation-rate

Research

JoVE Journal

Engineering

6.4K Görüntüleme.  Hungkuang University.  Bu makale çözümleri buharlaşma oranı tespiti için bir empedans tabanlı cihazı sunar. Bu geleneksel bir kilo kaybı yaklaşımı üzerinde net avantajlar sunmaktadır: hızlı yanıt, yüksek hassasiyetli algılama, küçük bir örnek gereksinimi, çoklu numune ölçümleri, temizlik ve yeniden amaçlı kolay sökme. 

Video: A High Performance Impedance-based Platform for Evaporation Rate Detection

Research and Development of High-performance Explosives

Developmental testing of high explosives for military applications involves small-scale formulation, safety testing, and finally detonation performance tests to verify theoretical calculations. For newly developed formulations, the process begins with small-scale mixes, thermal testing, and impact and friction sensitivity. Only then do subsequent larger scale formulations proceed to detonation testing, which will be covered in this paper. Recent advances in characterization techniques have led to unparalleled precision in the characterization of early-time evolution of detonations. The new technique of Photonic Doppler Velocimetry (PDV) for the measurement of detonation pressure will be shared and compared with traditional fiber-optic detonation velocity and plate-dent calculation of detonation pressure. In particular, the role of aluminum in explosive formulations will be discussed. Recent developments led to the development of explosive formulations that result in reaction of aluminum very early in the detonation product expansion. This enhanced reaction leads to changes in the detonation velocity and pressure due to reaction of the aluminum with oxygen in the expanding gas products.

Developmental testing of high explosives for military applications involves small-scale formulation, safety testing, and finally detonation performance tests to verify theoretical calculations. This paper will share typical development tests associated with the measurement of detonation velocity and detonation pressure.

Yüksek performanslı Patlayıcılar Araştırma ve Geliştirme

Developmental testing of high explosives for military applications involves small-scale formulation, safety testing, and finally detonation performance ...

Mühendislik

Seedless Growth of Bismuth Nanowire Array via Vacuum Thermal Evaporation

Here a seedless and template-free technique is demonstrated to scalably grow bismuth nanowires, through thermal evaporation in high vacuum at RT. Conventionally reserved for the fabrication of metal thin films, thermal evaporation deposits bismuth into an array of vertical single crystalline nanowires over a flat thin film of vanadium held at RT, which is freshly deposited by magnetron sputtering or thermal evaporation. By controlling the temperature of the growth substrate the length and width of the nanowires can be tuned over a wide range. Responsible for this novel technique is a previously unknown nanowire growth mechanism that roots in the mild porosity of the vanadium thin film. Infiltrated into the vanadium pores, the bismuth domains (~ 1 nm) carry excessive surface energy that suppresses their melting point and continuously expels them out of the vanadium matrix to form nanowires. This discovery demonstrates the feasibility of scalable vapor phase synthesis of high purity nanomaterials without using any catalysts.

A protocol for seedless and high yield growth of bismuth nanowire arrays through vacuum thermal evaporation technique is presented.

Vakum Isıl Buharlaşma yoluyla bizmut Nanotel Array Çekirdeksiz Büyüme

Here a seedless and template-free technique is demonstrated to scalably grow bismuth nanowires, through thermal evaporation in high vacuum at RT. ...

Methods for Measuring the Orientation and Rotation Rate of 3D-printed Particles in Turbulence

Experimental methods are presented for measuring the rotational and translational motion of anisotropic particles in turbulent fluid flows. 3D printing technology is used to fabricate particles with slender arms connected at a common center. Shapes explored are crosses (two perpendicular rods), jacks (three perpendicular rods), triads (three rods in triangular planar symmetry), and tetrads (four arms in tetrahedral symmetry). Methods for producing on the order of 10,000 fluorescently dyed particles are described. Time-resolved measurements of their orientation and solid-body rotation rate are obtained from four synchronized videos of their motion in a turbulent flow between oscillating grids with R&#955; = 91. In this relatively low-Reynolds number flow, the advected particles are small enough that they approximate ellipsoidal tracer particles. We present results of time-resolved 3D trajectories of position and orientation of the particles as well as measurements of their rotation rates.

We use 3D printing to fabricate anisotropic particles in the shapes of jacks, crosses, tetrads, and triads, whose alignments and rotations in turbulent fluid flow can be measured from multiple simultaneous video images.

Oryantasyon ve dönme hızının ölçülmesi yöntemleri türbülansına tanecikler 3D basılmış

Experimental methods are presented for measuring the rotational and translational motion of anisotropic particles in turbulent fluid flows. 3D printing ...

Probing C84-embedded Si Substrate Using Scanning Probe Microscopy and Molecular Dynamics

This paper reports an array-designed C84-embedded Si substrate fabricated using a controlled self-assembly method in an ultra-high vacuum chamber. The characteristics of the C84-embedded Si surface, such as atomic resolution topography, local electronic density of states, band gap energy, field emission properties, nanomechanical stiffness, and surface magnetism, were examined using a variety of surface analysis techniques under ultra, high vacuum (UHV) conditions as well as in an atmospheric system. Experimental results demonstrate the high uniformity of the C84-embedded Si surface fabricated using a controlled self-assembly nanotechnology mechanism, represents an important development in the application of field emission display (FED), optoelectronic device fabrication, MEMS cutting tools, and in efforts to find a suitable replacement for carbide semiconductors. Molecular dynamics (MD) method with semi-empirical potential can be used to study the nanoindentation of C84-embedded Si substrate. A detailed description for performing MD simulation is presented here. Details for a comprehensive study on mechanical analysis of MD simulation such as indentation force, Young&#39;s modulus, surface stiffness, atomic stress, and atomic strain are included. The atomic stress and von-Mises strain distributions of the indentation model can be calculated to monitor deformation mechanism with time evaluation in atomistic level.

Probing C84-embedded Si Substrate Using Scanning Probe Microscopy and Molecular Dynamics

This paper reports the nanomaterial fabrication of a fullerene Si substrate inspected and verified by nanomeasurements and molecular dynamic simulation.

C problama<sub&gt; 84</sub&gt; Taramalı Uç Mikroskobu ve Molecular Dynamics Kullanarak Si Maddesini Gömülü

This paper reports an array-designed C84-embedded Si substrate fabricated using a controlled self-assembly method in an ultra-high vacuum chamber. The ...

Scalable Solution-processed Fabrication Strategy for High-performance, Flexible, Transparent Electrodes with Embedded Metal Mesh

Here, the authors report the embedded metal-mesh transparent electrode (EMTE), a new transparent electrode (TE) with a metal mesh completely embedded in a polymer film. This paper also presents a low-cost, vacuum-free fabrication method for this novel TE; the approach combines lithography, electroplating, and imprint transfer (LEIT) processing. The embedded nature of the EMTEs offers many advantages, such as high surface smoothness, which is essential for organic electronic device production; superior mechanical stability during bending; favorable resistance to chemicals and moisture; and strong adhesion with plastic film. LEIT fabrication features an electroplating process for vacuum-free metal deposition and is favorable for industrial mass production. Furthermore, LEIT allows for the fabrication of metal mesh with a high aspect ratio (i.e., thickness to linewidth), significantly enhancing its electrical conductance without adversely losing optical transmittance. We demonstrate several prototypes of flexible EMTEs, with sheet resistances lower than 1 &#937;/sq and transmittances greater than 90%, resulting in very high figures of merit (FoM) &#8211; up to 1.5 x 104 &#8211; which are amongst the best values in the published literature.

This protocol describes a solution-based fabrication strategy for high-performance, flexible, transparent electrodes with fully-embedded, thick metal mesh. Flexible transparent electrodes fabricated by this process demonstrate among the highest reported performances, including ultra-low sheet resistance, high optical transmittance, mechanical stability under bending, strong substrate adhesion, surface smoothness, and environmental stability.

Gömülü Metal Örgülü Yüksek Performanslı, Esnek, Şeffaf Elektrotlar için Ölçeklenebilir Çözeltiyle İşlenmiş Üretim Stratejisi

Here, the authors report the embedded metal-mesh transparent electrode (EMTE), a new transparent electrode (TE) with a metal mesh completely embedded in a ...

Detecting the Water-soluble Chloride Distribution of Cement Paste in a High-precision Way

To improve the accuracy of the chloride distribution along the depth of cement paste under cyclic wet-dry conditions, a new method is proposed to obtain a high-precision chloride profile. Firstly, paste specimens are molded, cured, and exposed to cyclic wet-dry conditions. Then, powder samples at different specimen depths are grinded when the exposure age is reached. Finally, the water-soluble chloride content is detected using a silver nitrate titration method, and chloride profiles are plotted. The key to improving the accuracy of the chloride distribution along the depth is to exclude the error in the powderization, which is the most critical step for testing the distribution of chloride. Based on the above concept, the grinding method in this protocol can be used to grind powder samples automatically layer by layer from the surface inward, and it should be noted that a very thin grinding thickness (less than 0.5 mm) with a minimum error less than 0.04 mm can be obtained. The chloride profile obtained by this method better reflects the chloride distribution in specimens, which helps researchers to capture the distribution features that are often overlooked. Furthermore, this method can be applied to studies in the field of cement-based materials, which require high chloride distribution accuracy.

A protocol for obtaining a water-soluble chloride profile by using a high precision milling method is presented.

Çimento hamuru suda çözünebilir klorür dağılımı bir yüksek-tamlık şekilde tespit

To improve the accuracy of the chloride distribution along the depth of cement paste under cyclic wet-dry conditions, a new method is proposed to obtain a ...

Method for Recording Broadband High Resolution Emission Spectra of Laboratory Lightning Arcs

Lightning is one of the most common and destructive forces in nature and has long been studied using spectroscopic techniques, first with traditional camera film methods and then digital camera technology, from which several important characteristics have been derived. However, such work has always been limited due to the inherently random and non-repeatable nature of natural lightning events in the field. Recent developments in lightning test facilities now allow the reproducible generation of lightning arcs within controlled laboratory environments, providing a test bed for the development of new sensors and diagnostic techniques to understand lightning mechanisms better. One such technique is a spectroscopic system using digital camera technology capable of identifying the chemical elements with which the lightning arc interacts, with these data then being used to derive further characteristics. In this paper, the spectroscopic system is used to obtain the emission spectrum from a 100 kA peak, 100 &#181;s duration lightning arc generated across a pair of hemispherical tungsten electrodes separated by a small air gap. To maintain a spectral resolution of less than 1 nm, several individual spectra were recorded across discrete wavelength ranges, averaged, stitched, and corrected to produce a final composite spectrum in the 450 nm (blue light) to 890 nm (near infrared light) range. Characteristic peaks within the data were then compared to an established publicly available database to identify the chemical element interactions. This method is readily applicable to a variety of other light emitting events, such as fast electrical discharges, partial discharges, and sparking in electrical equipment, apparatus, and systems.

Emission spectroscopy techniques have traditionally been used to analyze inherently random lightning arcs occurring in nature. In this paper, a method developed to obtain the emission spectroscopy from reproducible lightning arcs generated within a laboratory environment is described.

Laboratuvar Yıldırım Yaylar Genişbant Yüksek Çözünürlüklü Emisyon Spectra Kayıt Yöntemi

Lightning is one of the most common and destructive forces in nature and has long been studied using spectroscopic techniques, first with traditional ...

Flow-assisted Dielectrophoresis: A Low Cost Method for the Fabrication of High Performance Solution-processable Nanowire Devices

Flow-assisted dielectrophoresis (DEP) is an efficient self-assembly method for the controllable and reproducible positioning, alignment, and selection of nanowires. DEP is used for nanowire analysis, characterization, and for solution-based fabrication of semiconducting devices. The method works by applying an alternating electric field between metallic electrodes. The nanowire formulation is then dropped onto the electrodes which are on an inclined surface to create a flow of the formulation using gravity. The nanowires then align along the gradient of the electric field and in the direction of the liquid flow. The frequency of the field can be adjusted to select nanowires with superior conductivity and lower trap density. 
In this work, flow-assisted DEP is used to create nanowire field effect transistors. Flow-assisted DEP has several advantages: it allows selection of nanowire electrical properties; control of nanowire length; placement of nanowires in specific areas; control of orientation of nanowires; and control of nanowire density in the device. 
The technique can be expanded to many other applications such as gas sensors and microwave switches. The technique is efficient, quick, reproducible, and it uses a minimal amount of dilute solution making it ideal for the testing of novel nanomaterials. Wafer scale assembly of nanowire devices can also be achieved using this technique, allowing large numbers of samples for testing and large-area electronic applications.

In this paper, flow assisted dielectrophoresis is demonstrated for the self-assembly of nanowire devices. The fabrication of a silicon nanowire field effect transistor is shown as an example.

Akış yoluyla Dielectrophoresis: Yüksek performanslı çözüm processable Nanowire cihazları imalatı için düşük maliyetli bir yöntem

Flow-assisted dielectrophoresis (DEP) is an efficient self-assembly method for the controllable and reproducible positioning, alignment, and selection of ...

Developing High Performance GaP/Si Heterojunction Solar Cells

To improve the efficiency of Si-based solar cells beyond their Shockley-Queisser limit, the optimal path is to integrate them with III-V-based solar cells. In this work, we present high performance GaP/Si heterojunction solar cells with a high Si minority-carrier lifetime and high crystal quality of epitaxial GaP layers. It is shown that by applying phosphorus (P)-diffusion layers into the Si substrate and a SiNx layer, the Si minority-carrier lifetime can be well-maintained during the GaP growth in the molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). By controlling the growth conditions, the high crystal quality of GaP was grown on the P-rich Si surface. The film quality is characterized by atomic force microscopy and high-resolution x-ray diffraction. In addition, MoOx was implemented as a hole-selective contact that led to a significant increase in the short-circuit current density. The achieved high device performance of the GaP/Si heterojunction solar cells establishes a path for further enhancement of the performance of Si-based photovoltaic devices.

Here, we present a protocol to develop high-performance GaP/Si heterojunction solar cells with a high Si minority-carrier lifetime.

Yüksek performanslı GaP/Si Heterojunction güneş hücreleri gelişmekte

To improve the efficiency of Si-based solar cells beyond their Shockley-Queisser limit, the optimal path is to integrate them with III-V-based solar ...

A Silicon-tipped Fiber-optic Sensing Platform with High Resolution and Fast Response

In this article, we introduce an innovative and practically promising fiber-optic sensing platform (FOSP) that we proposed and demonstrated recently. This FOSP relies on a silicon Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) attached to the fiber end, referred to as Si-FOSP in this work. The Si-FOSP generates an interferogram determined by the optical path length (OPL) of the silicon cavity. Measurand alters the OPL and thus shifts the interferogram. Due to the unique optical and thermal properties of the silicon material, this Si-FOSP exhibits an advantageous performance in terms of sensitivity and speed. Furthermore, the mature silicon fabrication industry endows the Si-FOSP with excellent reproducibility and low cost toward practical applications. Depending on the specific applications, either a low-finesse or high-finesse version will be utilized, and two different data demodulation methods will be adopted accordingly. Detailed protocols for fabricating both versions of the Si-FOSP will be provided. Three representative applications and their according results will be shown. The first one is a prototype underwater thermometer for profiling the ocean thermoclines, the second one is a flow meter to measure flow speed in the ocean, and the last one is a bolometer used for monitoring exhaust radiation from magnetically confined high-temperature plasma.

This work reports an innovative silicon-tipped fiber-optic sensing platform (Si-FOSP) for high-resolution and fast-response measurement of a variety of physical parameters, such as temperature, flow, and radiation. Applications of this Si-FOSP span from oceanographic research, mechanical industry, to fusion energy research.

Silikon uçlu Fiber Optik algılama peron ile yüksek çözünürlüklü ve hızlı tepki

In this article, we introduce an innovative and practically promising fiber-optic sensing platform (FOSP) that we proposed and demonstrated recently. This ...