この作品は、助成金番号MOST 104から2221-E-241から001-MY3およびMOST 105から2627-B-005から002の下に、台湾、科学技術省が主催しました。

1.実験チップモジュール<ol><li> フォトリソグラフィおよび化学的ウエットエッチングプロセスによりインジウムスズ酸化物（ITO）電極チップを製造 <ol><li>商業的に2600オングストロームのITO層とITO基板（370ミリメートル×480ミリメートル×0.5ミリメートル（長さx幅x H））を取得する（物質一覧を参照してください）。 4インチアライナにおけるITO電極のパターニングプロセス用のガラスカッターで×90ミリメートル×0.5ミリメートル90ミリメートルの寸法にITO基板をスライス。 </li><li> 15分ごとに、脱イオン水で、次にアセトンでITOガラスをきれいにするために、超音波洗浄器を使用して。きれいな乾いた空気でITOガラスを乾燥させます。 </li><li> ITOガラスの表面上にポジ型フォトレジスト溶液5mlを分配します。 </li><li>均一なフォトレジスト層を生成するために30秒間500×gでスピンコーターを使用してください。その後、フォトレジスト中に過剰の溶媒を追い出すために5分間90℃でホットプレート上で焼きます。 </li><li> 3.1秒のtについて436 nmの紫外線の14ミリワットにITOガラスを露出させます設計したパターンを有するフィルムフォトマスクhrough（物質一覧を参照してください）。 </li><li>パターン化されたルートを開発するために30秒間23℃で60 mLの現像液中に試料を浸します。その後、フォトレジストを硬化し、フォトレジストの密着性を向上させるために10分間、120℃のホットプレート上で焼きます。 </li><li>保護されていないITO層をエッチングするために80℃のエッチング液60mlに3分間サンプルを浸漬。 </li><li> ITOガラスの表面上のフォトレジストを除去し、60 mlのアセトン中で1分間サンプルを浸漬。 </li><li>ガラスカッターで実験的なITO電極チップ（ 図1）のためのx 35ミリメートル62ミリメートルの寸法にITOガラスをスライス。 </li></ol></li></ol><img alt="図1" src="/files/ftp_upload/54575/54575fig1.jpg" /> 図1：ITO 電極チップザが示されている電極パターン化ルートの8組にITOチップを作製しました。 15の電極があります。<html>側縁に×8平方ミリメートルmmの、そして中央の二つの経路が、同じ電極を共有します。試験ウェル中の電極指の各ペア間の距離は7ミリメートルである。 <a href="https://www.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/54575/54575fig1large.jpg" target="_blank">この図の拡大版をご覧になるにはこちらをクリックしてください。</a> <ol start="2"><li> 実験的なチップモジュールを構築 <ol><li>界面活性剤と、図2に示すように、超音波洗浄機を有する市販の8ウェルシリコーン配列を清掃、15分間、次いで、脱イオン水、次いで95％エタノール、及び脱イオン水。 </li><li>清浄な乾燥空気を吹き付けて8ウェルシリコーンアレイを乾燥させます。 </li><li>実験的なチップモジュール（ 図3）を形成するために、ITOチップに8ウェルシリコーン配列を押します。しっかりシリコーンアレイおよびITOチップをバインドします。 </li></ol></li></ol>54575fig2.jpg &quot;/&gt; 図2： シリコーンウェルアレイは、市販の 8ウェルシリコーンアレイは、同時に8試験した試料を保持することができます。各ウェルのサイズは×8ミリメートル×8.5ミリメートル（長さx幅x H）11ミリメートルである。 <a href="https://www.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/54575/54575fig2large.jpg" target="_blank">この図の拡大版をご覧になるにはこちらをクリックしてください。</a> <img alt="図3" src="/files/ftp_upload/54575/54575fig3.jpg" /> 図3：実験チップモジュール ITO電極チップは、実験的なチップモジュールを形成するために、8ウェルシリコーンアレイが取り付けられています。シリコーンアレイとITOチップとの密着性が強いです。したがって、シリコーンアレイおよびITOチップは、任意の接着性物質なしに使用するために一緒に結合することができる。 <a href="https://www.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/54575/54575fig3large.jpg" target="_blank">この図の拡大版をご覧になるにはこちらをクリックしてください。</a> 2.インピーダンス測定<ol><li> 図4に示すように、インピーダンス読み出しモジュールを形成するためのパーソナルコンピュータ、ロックイン増幅器、スイッチ、リレーを接続します。 </li></ol><img alt="図4" src="/files/ftp_upload/54575/54575fig4.jpg" /> 図4：インピーダンスに基づく装置の概略ロックイン増幅器、スイッチ、リレー、およびパーソナルコンピュータは、インピーダンス読み出しモジュールを含みます。商業位相敏感ロックイン増幅器は、電気信号を送信し、抽出するために使用されます。様々なITOチップを接続する自家製スイッチリレー回路を試験するために十分にどのとするITOチップを指定するために使用されます。 6チップの合計は、時間分割で48サンプルを指定するスイッチリレーに接続することができます。リアルタイム同相抵抗し、試験溶液の信号の位相シフトは、全体evaporatパーソナルコンピュータ上で連続的に記録されていますイオンプロセス。 <a href="https://www.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/54575/54575fig4large.jpg" target="_blank">この図の拡大版をご覧になるにはこちらをクリックしてください。</a> <ol start="2"><li>スイッチリレーのソケットに実験的なチップ・モジュールを置きます。 </li><li>コンピュータ・プログラムでの入力パラメータ。入力信号周波数（1kHzで）、指定されたウェル番号（0-7）、実行サイクル（100）、ファイル名（HA）。 </li></ol> 3.蒸発実験<ol><li>水中で0、0.05、0.5および1 w / vの％で4 2.5ミリリットルのヒアルロン酸溶液を準備します。 14.75ミリメートル×45ミリメートル×8ミリメートル（OD X H X ID）を測定バイアルに各2.5ミリリットル試料溶液を配置します。 </li><li>各ソリューションについて、ITOチップモジュールの1ウェルに0.5ミリリットル試料溶液を追加します。 </li><li>電子天秤機により各バイアルの初期重量を計量し、記録します。 </li><li>自動的に測定し、同相抵抗をリアルタイムで記録するためのコンピュータプログラム及び信号pを実行しますITOチップ上の指定された井戸の長谷シフト。 </li><li>計量法とインピーダンス法の両方によって同じ場所で同時に蒸発実験を開始します。 </li><li>スケジュールされた時点で電子天秤機により各バイアルの重量を計量し、記録します。 </li><li>計量法とインピーダンス法で収集されたデータを分析します。19 </li></ol>

<ol>
	<li>Francis, G. W., Bui, Y. T. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Changes+in+the+composition+of+aromatherapeutic+Citrus+oils+during+evaporation.">Changes in the composition of aromatherapeutic Citrus oils during evaporation.</a> Evid.-based Complement Altern. Med. 2015 (421695), 1-6 (2015).</li><li>Ochiai, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Extension+of+a+dynamic+headspace+multi-volatile+method+to+milliliter+injection+volumes+with+full+sample+evaporation:+application+to+green+tea.">Extension of a dynamic headspace multi-volatile method to milliliter injection volumes with full sample evaporation: application to green tea.</a> J. Chromatogr. A. 1421, 103-113 (2015).</li><li>Zribi, W., Aragues, R., Medina, E., Faci, J. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Efficiency+of+inorganic+and+organic+mulching+materials+for+soil+evaporation+control.">Efficiency of inorganic and organic mulching materials for soil evaporation control.</a> Soil Tillage Res. 148, 40-45 (2015).</li><li>Chang, B. Y., Park, S. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Electrochemical+impedance+spectroscopy.">Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.</a> Annu. Rev. Anal. Chem. 3, 207-229 (2010).</li><li>Brooks, E. K., Tobias, M. E., Yang, S., Bone, L. B., Ehrensberger, M. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Influence+of+MC3T3-E1+preosteoblast+culture+on+the+corrosion+of+a+T6-treated+AZ91+alloy.">Influence of MC3T3-E1 preosteoblast culture on the corrosion of a T6-treated AZ91 alloy.</a> J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part B. 104 (2), 253-262 (2016).</li><li>Tabrizi, M. A., Shamsipur, S., Farzin, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+high+sensitive+electrochemical+aptasensor+for+the+determination+of+VEGF165+in+serum+of+lung+cancer+patient.">A high sensitive electrochemical aptasensor for the determination of VEGF165 in serum of lung cancer patient.</a> Biosens. Bioelectron. 74, 764-769 (2015).</li><li>Tran, T. B., Nguyen, P. D., Baek, C., Min, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Electrical+dual-sensing+method+for+real-time+quantitative+monitoring+of+cell-secreted+MMP-9+and+cellular+morphology+during+migration+process.">Electrical dual-sensing method for real-time quantitative monitoring of cell-secreted MMP-9 and cellular morphology during migration process.</a> Biosens. Bioelectron. 77, 631-637 (2016).</li><li>Kruger, A. J., Krieg, H. M., van der Merwe, J., Bessarabov, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evaluation+of+MEA+manufacturing+parameters+using+EIS+for+SO2+electrolysis.">Evaluation of MEA manufacturing parameters using EIS for SO2 electrolysis.</a> Int. J. Hydrog. Energy. 39 (32), 18173-18181 (2014).</li><li>Guler, Z., Sarac, A. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Electrochemical+impedance+and+spectroscopy+study+of+the+EDC/NHS+activation+of+the+carboxyl+groups+on+poly(&#949;-caprolactone)/poly(m-anthranilic+acid)+nanofibers.">Electrochemical impedance and spectroscopy study of the EDC/NHS activation of the carboxyl groups on poly(&#949;-caprolactone)/poly(m-anthranilic acid) nanofibers.</a> Express Polym. Lett. 10 (2), 96-110 (2016).</li><li>Xi, X., Si, G., Nie, Z., Ma, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Electrochemical+behavior+of+tungsten+ions+from+WC+scrap+dissolution+in+a+chloride+melt.">Electrochemical behavior of tungsten ions from WC scrap dissolution in a chloride melt.</a> Electrochim. Acta. 184, 233-238 (2015).</li><li>Olejnik, A., Goscianska, J., Zielinska, A., Nowak, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stability+determination+of+the+formulations+containing+hyaluronic+acid.">Stability determination of the formulations containing hyaluronic acid.</a> Int. J. Cosmetic Sci. 37, 401-407 (2015).</li><li>Marcellin, E., Steen, J. A., Nielsen, L. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Insight+into+hyaluronic+acid+molecular+weight+control.">Insight into hyaluronic acid molecular weight control.</a> Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 98, 6947-6956 (2014).</li><li>Laurent, T. C., Laurent, U. B. G., Fraser, J. R. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+structure+and+function+of+hyaluronan:+An+overview.">The structure and function of hyaluronan: An overview.</a> Immunol. Cell Biol. 74 (2), A1-A7 (1996).</li><li>Papakonstantinou, E., Roth, M., Karakiulakis, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hyaluronic+acid:+A+key+molecule+in+skin+aging.">Hyaluronic acid: A key molecule in skin aging.</a> Derm.-Endocrinol. 4 (3), 253-258 (2012).</li><li>Sze, J. H., Brownlie, J. C., Love, C. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Biotechnological+production+of+hyaluronic+acid:+A+mini+review.">Biotechnological production of hyaluronic acid: A mini review.</a> 3 Biotech. 6, 67 (2016).</li><li>Lin, C. Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Real-time+detection+of+&#946;1+integrin+expression+on+MG-63+cells+using+electrochemical+impedance+spectroscopy.">Real-time detection of &#946;1 integrin expression on MG-63 cells using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.</a> Biosens. Bioelectron. 28 (1), 221-226 (2011).</li><li>Hsiao, S. Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chemical-free+and+reusable+cellular+analysis:+Electrochemical+impedance+spectroscopy+with+a+transparent+ITO+culture+chip.">Chemical-free and reusable cellular analysis: Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy with a transparent ITO culture chip.</a> Int. J. Technol. Hum. Interact. 8 (3), 1-9 (2012).</li><li>Lin, Y. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+real-time+impedance-sensing+chip+for+the+detection+of+emulsion+phase+separation.">A real-time impedance-sensing chip for the detection of emulsion phase separation.</a> Electrophoresis. 34 (12), 1743-1748 (2013).</li><li>Lin, Y. S., Chen, C. Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+novel+evaporation+detection+system+using+an+impedance+sensing+chip.">A novel evaporation detection system using an impedance sensing chip.</a> Analyst. 139 (22), 5781-5784 (2014).</li><li>Tseng, S. F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Graphene-based+chips+fabricated+by+ultraviolet+laser+patterning+for+anelectrochemical+impedance+spectroscopy.">Graphene-based chips fabricated by ultraviolet laser patterning for anelectrochemical impedance spectroscopy.</a> Sens. Actuator B-Chem. 226, 342-348 (2016).</li><li>Pavicic, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Efficacy+of+cream-based+novel+formulations+of+hyaluronic+acid+of+different+molecular+weights+in+anti-wrinkle+treatment.">Efficacy of cream-based novel formulations of hyaluronic acid of different molecular weights in anti-wrinkle treatment.</a> J. Drugs Dermatol. 10 (9), 990-1000 (2011).</li><li>Gotoh, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+the+molecular+weight+of+hyaluronic+acid+and+its+action+mechanisms+on+experimental+joint+pain+in+rats.">Effects of the molecular weight of hyaluronic acid and its action mechanisms on experimental joint pain in rats.</a> Ann. Rheum. Dis. 52 (11), 817-822 (1993).</li><li>Saettone, M. F., Nannipieri, E., Cervetto, L., Eschini, N., Carelli, V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Electrical+impedance+changes+and+water+content+in+O/W+emulsions+during+evaporation.">Electrical impedance changes and water content in O/W emulsions during evaporation.</a> Int. J. Cosmetic Sci. 2 (2), 63-75 (1980).</li><li>Fernandez-Sanchez, C., McNeil, C. J., Rawson, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Electrochemical+impedance+spectroscopy+studies+of+polymer+degradation:+application+to+biosensor+development.">Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy studies of polymer degradation: application to biosensor development.</a> Trac-Trends Anal. Chem. 24 (1), 37-48 (2005).</li></ol>

著者らは、開示することは何もありません。

このインピーダンスベースの検出における蒸発測定のための重要なステップは、試験溶液の調製です。脱イオン水は、その巨大なインピーダンスに使用することはできません。その代わりに、導電性イオンを含む水道水は、実験のためのヒアルロン酸溶液を調製しました。しかし、水道水の電気特性は、使用するために一定ではなかったです。したがって、このような本...

蒸発は液体気化のタイプであり、水の集団的身体の気液界面に沿って発生します。表面付近の水の分子が水分子の衝突に液体から脱出することが可能になります。蒸発速度は、蒸発プロセスの間に重要な鍵となる要因です。一般的に、バランスまたは体積管1-3は、ソリューションの蒸発を検出するために広く使用されています。しかし、不足額または体積管の精度限界に蒸発速度を測定するために長い時間を要します。このため、応答性と高感度の機器は、蒸発プロセスの詳細を探索するために開発されなければなりません。 電気化学インピーダンス分光法（EIS）は、高速応答、電気化学系のキャラクタリゼーション4用のin-situインピーダンス検出の点で敏感かつ効果的な実験的な手段です。したがって、EISは、様々な情けないにも適用することができますLDS、 このような最近の細胞挙動5に関する研究、生物分析センシング6-7、電解8、導電性ポリマー9、及び電気化学的抽出10として。 EISシステムが正常分野の広範囲に適用されたにもかかわらず、蒸発研究への応用の刊行物の非常に少ないが存在します。 ヒアルロン酸は、強力な水結合能力を有する高分子量の多糖類は、化粧品用途のための周知の湿潤剤です。一つのヒアルロン酸分子は500水分子11まで結合して、1000倍元の体積12に到達することができます 。ヒアルロン酸の極めて少量の保湿機能13-14を有することができます。高い保湿に、ヒアルロン酸は、世界中の15の高い商業的価値を持つ化粧品の保湿剤製品の重要な構成要素となっています。 T彼の研究では、高速検出、小容量のサンプル要件、および複数のサンプル測定値16から19を搭載した新規インピーダンスに基づく装置の方法を提示しています。これは、従来の計量方法を超える革新的な検出機構の優位性を検証する方法として、ソリューション間の相対蒸発速度の比較に焦点を提示されます。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="848">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="28">
			<td height="28" style="height:28px;width:143px;">95 % ethanol</td>
			<td style="width:292px;">Echo Chemical Co., Ltd., Miaoli, Taiwan</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">484000001103C-00EC</td>
			<td style="width:259px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="45">
			<td height="45" style="height:45px;width:143px;">Acetone</td>
			<td style="width:292px;">Avantor Performance Materials Inc., Center Valley, PA, USA</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">JTB-9005-68</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="30">
			<td height="30" style="height:30px;width:143px;">Development solution</td>
			<td style="width:292px;">Kemitek Industrial Crop., Hsinchu, Taiwan</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">12F01031</td>
			<td style="width:259px;">KTD-1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="30">
			<td height="30" style="height:30px;width:143px;">Etching solution</td>
			<td style="width:292px;">eSolv Technology Co., Taipei, Taiwan</td>
			<td style="width:155px;"></td>
			<td style="width:259px;">EG-462</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="45">
			<td height="45" style="height:45px;width:143px;">Hyaluronic acid</td>
			<td style="width:292px;">Shandong Freda Biopharm Co., Ltd., Jinan, China</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">1010212</td>
			<td>Molecular weight 980k, Cosmetic Grade</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="45">
			<td height="45" style="height:45px;width:143px;">Photoresist solution</td>
			<td style="width:292px;">AZ Electronic Materials Taiwan Co., Ltd., Hsinchu, Taiwan</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">65101M19</td>
			<td style="width:259px;">AZ6112</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="47">
			<td height="47" style="height:47px;width:143px;">8-well silicone array</td>
			<td style="width:292px;">Greiner bio-one Inc., Frickenhausen, Baden-W&#252;rttemberg, Germany</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">FlexiPERM</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="45">
			<td height="45" style="height:45px;width:143px;">ITO glass</td>
			<td style="width:292px;">GemTech Optoelectronics Co., Taoyuan, Taiwan</td>
			<td style="width:155px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:143px;">Vial&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:292px;">Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC., St. Louis, MO, USA</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">854190</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="28">
			<td height="28" style="height:28px;width:143px;">Film photomask</td>
			<td style="width:292px;">Taiwan Mesh Co., Ltd, Taoyuan, Taiwan</td>
			<td style="width:155px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="46">
			<td height="46" style="height:46px;width:143px;">Lock-in amplifier</td>
			<td style="width:292px;">Stanford Research Systems, Inc., Palo Alto, CA, USA</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">SR830</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="66">
			<td height="66" style="height:66px;width:143px;">Switch relay</td>
			<td style="width:292px;">Instrument Technology Research Center, National Applied Research Laboratories, Hsinchu, Taiwan</td>
			<td style="width:155px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:143px;">Electronic balance machine</td>
			<td style="width:292px;">Precisa Co., Dietikon, Switzerland</td>
			<td>XS225A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a high performance impedance-based platform for evaporation rate detection

本論文では、蒸発速度の検出のための新規のインピーダンスベースのプラットフォームの方法を記載しています。モデル化合物のヒアルロン酸は、デモンストレーションの目的のために、ここで使用しました。溶液中の種々の濃度の湿潤剤のようなモデル化合物に複数の蒸発試験は、比較のために行きました。従来の減量法は、蒸発速度を検出するための最も直接的な、しかし、時間がかかり、測定技術として知られています。しかし、明確な欠点は、試料の大容量が必要とされ、複数のサンプルの試験を同時に行うことができないということです。文献で初めて、電気インピーダンス感知チップが正常時分割、連続的かつ自動的な方法でリアルタイム蒸発調査に適用されます。また、わずか試験試料のmlを0.5として、このインピーダンスベースの装置に必要とされる、大きなインピーダンス変化は、種々の希釈soluti間実証されていますアドオン。提案された高感度と高速応答インピーダンス感知システムは、蒸発速度検出の点で従来の減量方法を上回ることがわかりました。

蒸発プロセス中、試験液中の導電性イオンが減少溶液体積で濃縮なり、この溶液のインピーダンスが減少しました。各試験液の蒸発の進行中の重量損失とインピーダンスの減少率を測定しました。比較のために、体重減少及びインピーダンスの減少率のデータは、水に対して標準化し、その後、図5に併せてプロットした。 図5に示すように 、重量損失は...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A High Performance Impedance-based Platform for Evaporation Rate Detection at JoVE.com

A High Performance Impedance-based Platform for Evaporation Rate Detection

本論文では、ソリューションの蒸発速度検出のためのインピーダンスに基づく装置を提供します。高速応答、高感度の検出、洗浄および再利用の目的のために小さなサンプル要件、複数のサンプル測定、および容易な分解：これは、従来の減量のアプローチを超える明確な利点を提供しています。

蒸発速度検出のための高性能インピーダンスベースのプラットフォーム

This paper describes the method of a novel impedance-based platform for the detection of the evaporation rate. The model compound hyaluronic acid was ...

a-high-performance-impedance-based-platform-for-evaporation-rate

Research

JoVE Journal

Engineering

6.4K ビュー.  Hungkuang University. 本論文では、ソリューションの蒸発速度検出のためのインピーダンスに基づく装置を提供します。高速応答、高感度の検出、洗浄および再利用の目的のために小さなサンプル要件、複数のサンプル測定、および容易な分解：これは、従来の減量のアプローチを超える明確な利点を提供しています。 

ビデオ: A High Performance Impedance-based Platform for Evaporation Rate Detection

Research and Development of High-performance Explosives

Developmental testing of high explosives for military applications involves small-scale formulation, safety testing, and finally detonation performance tests to verify theoretical calculations. For newly developed formulations, the process begins with small-scale mixes, thermal testing, and impact and friction sensitivity. Only then do subsequent larger scale formulations proceed to detonation testing, which will be covered in this paper. Recent advances in characterization techniques have led to unparalleled precision in the characterization of early-time evolution of detonations. The new technique of Photonic Doppler Velocimetry (PDV) for the measurement of detonation pressure will be shared and compared with traditional fiber-optic detonation velocity and plate-dent calculation of detonation pressure. In particular, the role of aluminum in explosive formulations will be discussed. Recent developments led to the development of explosive formulations that result in reaction of aluminum very early in the detonation product expansion. This enhanced reaction leads to changes in the detonation velocity and pressure due to reaction of the aluminum with oxygen in the expanding gas products.

Developmental testing of high explosives for military applications involves small-scale formulation, safety testing, and finally detonation performance tests to verify theoretical calculations. This paper will share typical development tests associated with the measurement of detonation velocity and detonation pressure.

高性能爆薬の研究開発

Developmental testing of high explosives for military applications involves small-scale formulation, safety testing, and finally detonation performance ...

工学

Seedless Growth of Bismuth Nanowire Array via Vacuum Thermal Evaporation

Here a seedless and template-free technique is demonstrated to scalably grow bismuth nanowires, through thermal evaporation in high vacuum at RT. Conventionally reserved for the fabrication of metal thin films, thermal evaporation deposits bismuth into an array of vertical single crystalline nanowires over a flat thin film of vanadium held at RT, which is freshly deposited by magnetron sputtering or thermal evaporation. By controlling the temperature of the growth substrate the length and width of the nanowires can be tuned over a wide range. Responsible for this novel technique is a previously unknown nanowire growth mechanism that roots in the mild porosity of the vanadium thin film. Infiltrated into the vanadium pores, the bismuth domains (~ 1 nm) carry excessive surface energy that suppresses their melting point and continuously expels them out of the vanadium matrix to form nanowires. This discovery demonstrates the feasibility of scalable vapor phase synthesis of high purity nanomaterials without using any catalysts.

A protocol for seedless and high yield growth of bismuth nanowire arrays through vacuum thermal evaporation technique is presented.

真空熱蒸発によりビスマスナノワイヤーアレイの成長シードレス

Here a seedless and template-free technique is demonstrated to scalably grow bismuth nanowires, through thermal evaporation in high vacuum at RT. ...

Methods for Measuring the Orientation and Rotation Rate of 3D-printed Particles in Turbulence

Experimental methods are presented for measuring the rotational and translational motion of anisotropic particles in turbulent fluid flows. 3D printing technology is used to fabricate particles with slender arms connected at a common center. Shapes explored are crosses (two perpendicular rods), jacks (three perpendicular rods), triads (three rods in triangular planar symmetry), and tetrads (four arms in tetrahedral symmetry). Methods for producing on the order of 10,000 fluorescently dyed particles are described. Time-resolved measurements of their orientation and solid-body rotation rate are obtained from four synchronized videos of their motion in a turbulent flow between oscillating grids with R&#955; = 91. In this relatively low-Reynolds number flow, the advected particles are small enough that they approximate ellipsoidal tracer particles. We present results of time-resolved 3D trajectories of position and orientation of the particles as well as measurements of their rotation rates.

We use 3D printing to fabricate anisotropic particles in the shapes of jacks, crosses, tetrads, and triads, whose alignments and rotations in turbulent fluid flow can be measured from multiple simultaneous video images.

乱流で3Dプリント粒子の配向および回転速度を測定するための方法

Experimental methods are presented for measuring the rotational and translational motion of anisotropic particles in turbulent fluid flows. 3D printing ...

Probing C84-embedded Si Substrate Using Scanning Probe Microscopy and Molecular Dynamics

This paper reports an array-designed C84-embedded Si substrate fabricated using a controlled self-assembly method in an ultra-high vacuum chamber. The characteristics of the C84-embedded Si surface, such as atomic resolution topography, local electronic density of states, band gap energy, field emission properties, nanomechanical stiffness, and surface magnetism, were examined using a variety of surface analysis techniques under ultra, high vacuum (UHV) conditions as well as in an atmospheric system. Experimental results demonstrate the high uniformity of the C84-embedded Si surface fabricated using a controlled self-assembly nanotechnology mechanism, represents an important development in the application of field emission display (FED), optoelectronic device fabrication, MEMS cutting tools, and in efforts to find a suitable replacement for carbide semiconductors. Molecular dynamics (MD) method with semi-empirical potential can be used to study the nanoindentation of C84-embedded Si substrate. A detailed description for performing MD simulation is presented here. Details for a comprehensive study on mechanical analysis of MD simulation such as indentation force, Young&#39;s modulus, surface stiffness, atomic stress, and atomic strain are included. The atomic stress and von-Mises strain distributions of the indentation model can be calculated to monitor deformation mechanism with time evaluation in atomistic level.

Probing C84-embedded Si Substrate Using Scanning Probe Microscopy and Molecular Dynamics

This paper reports the nanomaterial fabrication of a fullerene Si substrate inspected and verified by nanomeasurements and molecular dynamic simulation.

Cプロービング<sub&gt; 84</sub&gt;走査型プローブ顕微鏡および分子動力学を用いたSi基板を-embedded

This paper reports an array-designed C84-embedded Si substrate fabricated using a controlled self-assembly method in an ultra-high vacuum chamber. The ...

Scalable Solution-processed Fabrication Strategy for High-performance, Flexible, Transparent Electrodes with Embedded Metal Mesh

Here, the authors report the embedded metal-mesh transparent electrode (EMTE), a new transparent electrode (TE) with a metal mesh completely embedded in a polymer film. This paper also presents a low-cost, vacuum-free fabrication method for this novel TE; the approach combines lithography, electroplating, and imprint transfer (LEIT) processing. The embedded nature of the EMTEs offers many advantages, such as high surface smoothness, which is essential for organic electronic device production; superior mechanical stability during bending; favorable resistance to chemicals and moisture; and strong adhesion with plastic film. LEIT fabrication features an electroplating process for vacuum-free metal deposition and is favorable for industrial mass production. Furthermore, LEIT allows for the fabrication of metal mesh with a high aspect ratio (i.e., thickness to linewidth), significantly enhancing its electrical conductance without adversely losing optical transmittance. We demonstrate several prototypes of flexible EMTEs, with sheet resistances lower than 1 &#937;/sq and transmittances greater than 90%, resulting in very high figures of merit (FoM) &#8211; up to 1.5 x 104 &#8211; which are amongst the best values in the published literature.

This protocol describes a solution-based fabrication strategy for high-performance, flexible, transparent electrodes with fully-embedded, thick metal mesh. Flexible transparent electrodes fabricated by this process demonstrate among the highest reported performances, including ultra-low sheet resistance, high optical transmittance, mechanical stability under bending, strong substrate adhesion, surface smoothness, and environmental stability.

埋め込み金属メッシュを用いた高性能で柔軟で透明な電極のための拡張可能なソリューション処理製作戦略

Here, the authors report the embedded metal-mesh transparent electrode (EMTE), a new transparent electrode (TE) with a metal mesh completely embedded in a ...

Detecting the Water-soluble Chloride Distribution of Cement Paste in a High-precision Way

To improve the accuracy of the chloride distribution along the depth of cement paste under cyclic wet-dry conditions, a new method is proposed to obtain a high-precision chloride profile. Firstly, paste specimens are molded, cured, and exposed to cyclic wet-dry conditions. Then, powder samples at different specimen depths are grinded when the exposure age is reached. Finally, the water-soluble chloride content is detected using a silver nitrate titration method, and chloride profiles are plotted. The key to improving the accuracy of the chloride distribution along the depth is to exclude the error in the powderization, which is the most critical step for testing the distribution of chloride. Based on the above concept, the grinding method in this protocol can be used to grind powder samples automatically layer by layer from the surface inward, and it should be noted that a very thin grinding thickness (less than 0.5 mm) with a minimum error less than 0.04 mm can be obtained. The chloride profile obtained by this method better reflects the chloride distribution in specimens, which helps researchers to capture the distribution features that are often overlooked. Furthermore, this method can be applied to studies in the field of cement-based materials, which require high chloride distribution accuracy.

A protocol for obtaining a water-soluble chloride profile by using a high precision milling method is presented.

セメント ペーストの水溶性塩化物の分布を高精度に検出

To improve the accuracy of the chloride distribution along the depth of cement paste under cyclic wet-dry conditions, a new method is proposed to obtain a ...

Method for Recording Broadband High Resolution Emission Spectra of Laboratory Lightning Arcs

Lightning is one of the most common and destructive forces in nature and has long been studied using spectroscopic techniques, first with traditional camera film methods and then digital camera technology, from which several important characteristics have been derived. However, such work has always been limited due to the inherently random and non-repeatable nature of natural lightning events in the field. Recent developments in lightning test facilities now allow the reproducible generation of lightning arcs within controlled laboratory environments, providing a test bed for the development of new sensors and diagnostic techniques to understand lightning mechanisms better. One such technique is a spectroscopic system using digital camera technology capable of identifying the chemical elements with which the lightning arc interacts, with these data then being used to derive further characteristics. In this paper, the spectroscopic system is used to obtain the emission spectrum from a 100 kA peak, 100 &#181;s duration lightning arc generated across a pair of hemispherical tungsten electrodes separated by a small air gap. To maintain a spectral resolution of less than 1 nm, several individual spectra were recorded across discrete wavelength ranges, averaged, stitched, and corrected to produce a final composite spectrum in the 450 nm (blue light) to 890 nm (near infrared light) range. Characteristic peaks within the data were then compared to an established publicly available database to identify the chemical element interactions. This method is readily applicable to a variety of other light emitting events, such as fast electrical discharges, partial discharges, and sparking in electrical equipment, apparatus, and systems.

Emission spectroscopy techniques have traditionally been used to analyze inherently random lightning arcs occurring in nature. In this paper, a method developed to obtain the emission spectroscopy from reproducible lightning arcs generated within a laboratory environment is described.

実験室雷アークの広帯域高解像度発光スペクトルの記録方法

Lightning is one of the most common and destructive forces in nature and has long been studied using spectroscopic techniques, first with traditional ...

Flow-assisted Dielectrophoresis: A Low Cost Method for the Fabrication of High Performance Solution-processable Nanowire Devices

Flow-assisted dielectrophoresis (DEP) is an efficient self-assembly method for the controllable and reproducible positioning, alignment, and selection of nanowires. DEP is used for nanowire analysis, characterization, and for solution-based fabrication of semiconducting devices. The method works by applying an alternating electric field between metallic electrodes. The nanowire formulation is then dropped onto the electrodes which are on an inclined surface to create a flow of the formulation using gravity. The nanowires then align along the gradient of the electric field and in the direction of the liquid flow. The frequency of the field can be adjusted to select nanowires with superior conductivity and lower trap density. 
In this work, flow-assisted DEP is used to create nanowire field effect transistors. Flow-assisted DEP has several advantages: it allows selection of nanowire electrical properties; control of nanowire length; placement of nanowires in specific areas; control of orientation of nanowires; and control of nanowire density in the device. 
The technique can be expanded to many other applications such as gas sensors and microwave switches. The technique is efficient, quick, reproducible, and it uses a minimal amount of dilute solution making it ideal for the testing of novel nanomaterials. Wafer scale assembly of nanowire devices can also be achieved using this technique, allowing large numbers of samples for testing and large-area electronic applications.

In this paper, flow assisted dielectrophoresis is demonstrated for the self-assembly of nanowire devices. The fabrication of a silicon nanowire field effect transistor is shown as an example.

誘電泳動の流れ支援: 高性能低温硬化型ナノワイヤ デバイス作製のための低コストの方法

Flow-assisted dielectrophoresis (DEP) is an efficient self-assembly method for the controllable and reproducible positioning, alignment, and selection of ...

Developing High Performance GaP/Si Heterojunction Solar Cells

To improve the efficiency of Si-based solar cells beyond their Shockley-Queisser limit, the optimal path is to integrate them with III-V-based solar cells. In this work, we present high performance GaP/Si heterojunction solar cells with a high Si minority-carrier lifetime and high crystal quality of epitaxial GaP layers. It is shown that by applying phosphorus (P)-diffusion layers into the Si substrate and a SiNx layer, the Si minority-carrier lifetime can be well-maintained during the GaP growth in the molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). By controlling the growth conditions, the high crystal quality of GaP was grown on the P-rich Si surface. The film quality is characterized by atomic force microscopy and high-resolution x-ray diffraction. In addition, MoOx was implemented as a hole-selective contact that led to a significant increase in the short-circuit current density. The achieved high device performance of the GaP/Si heterojunction solar cells establishes a path for further enhancement of the performance of Si-based photovoltaic devices.

Here, we present a protocol to develop high-performance GaP/Si heterojunction solar cells with a high Si minority-carrier lifetime.

高パフォーマンス ギャップ/Si ヘテロ接合太陽電池の開発

To improve the efficiency of Si-based solar cells beyond their Shockley-Queisser limit, the optimal path is to integrate them with III-V-based solar ...

A Silicon-tipped Fiber-optic Sensing Platform with High Resolution and Fast Response

In this article, we introduce an innovative and practically promising fiber-optic sensing platform (FOSP) that we proposed and demonstrated recently. This FOSP relies on a silicon Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) attached to the fiber end, referred to as Si-FOSP in this work. The Si-FOSP generates an interferogram determined by the optical path length (OPL) of the silicon cavity. Measurand alters the OPL and thus shifts the interferogram. Due to the unique optical and thermal properties of the silicon material, this Si-FOSP exhibits an advantageous performance in terms of sensitivity and speed. Furthermore, the mature silicon fabrication industry endows the Si-FOSP with excellent reproducibility and low cost toward practical applications. Depending on the specific applications, either a low-finesse or high-finesse version will be utilized, and two different data demodulation methods will be adopted accordingly. Detailed protocols for fabricating both versions of the Si-FOSP will be provided. Three representative applications and their according results will be shown. The first one is a prototype underwater thermometer for profiling the ocean thermoclines, the second one is a flow meter to measure flow speed in the ocean, and the last one is a bolometer used for monitoring exhaust radiation from magnetically confined high-temperature plasma.

This work reports an innovative silicon-tipped fiber-optic sensing platform (Si-FOSP) for high-resolution and fast-response measurement of a variety of physical parameters, such as temperature, flow, and radiation. Applications of this Si-FOSP span from oceanographic research, mechanical industry, to fusion energy research.

高解像度・高速応答の光ファイバーセンシングのシリコン チップを渡したプラットフォーム

In this article, we introduce an innovative and practically promising fiber-optic sensing platform (FOSP) that we proposed and demonstrated recently. This ...