Bir kariyer geliştirme Ödülü gelen Department of Veterans Affairs [BX002797] L.E.W. ve ulusal sağlık Enstitüleri [R01-DK095867] desteklenen ve Amerikan Kalp Derneği [15GRNT25700209] J.C. desteklenen Ulusal Sağlık Enstitüleri [DK093660], Department of Veterans Affairs [BX002190] ve böbrek hastalığı Vanderbilt Merkezi M.H.W. desteklenen Bu malzeme kaynakları ve VA Tennessee Vadisi sağlık sistemine tesislerinin kullanımı ile desteklenen iş sonucudur.

<ol>
	<li>Liu, F., Song, Y., Liu, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hydrodynamics-based+transfection+in+animals+by+systemic+administration+of+plasmid+DNA.">Hydrodynamics-based transfection in animals by systemic administration of plasmid DNA.</a> Gene Ther. 6 (7), 1258-1266 (1999).</li><li>Zhang, G., Budker, V., Wolff, J. 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F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Naked+DNA+delivery+to+whole+pig+cardiac+tissue+by+coronary+sinus+retrograde+injection+employing+non-invasive+catheterization.">Naked DNA delivery to whole pig cardiac tissue by coronary sinus retrograde injection employing non-invasive catheterization.</a> J Gene Med. 12 (11), 920-926 (2010).</li><li>Suda, T., Gao, X., Stolz, D. B., Liu, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Structural+impact+of+hydrodynamic+injection+on+mouse+liver.">Structural impact of hydrodynamic injection on mouse liver.</a> Gene Ther. 14 (2), 129-137 (2007).</li><li>Skrypnyk, N. I., Harris, R. C., de Caestecker, M. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ischemia-reperfusion+model+of+acute+kidney+injury+and+post+injury+fibrosis+in+mice.">Ischemia-reperfusion model of acute kidney injury and post injury fibrosis in mice.</a> J Vis Exp. (78), (2013).</li><li>Woodard, L. E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Kidney-specific+transposon-mediated+gene+transfer+in+vivo.">Kidney-specific transposon-mediated gene transfer in vivo.</a> Sci Rep. 7, 44904 (2017).</li><li>Liang, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Loss+of+glutathione+S-transferase+A4+accelerates+obstruction-induced+tubule+damage+and+renal+fibrosis.">Loss of glutathione S-transferase A4 accelerates obstruction-induced tubule damage and renal fibrosis.</a> Journal of Pathology. 228 (4), 448-458 (2012).</li><li>Liang, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Protective+role+of+insulin-like+growth+factor-1+receptor+in+endothelial+cells+against+unilateral+ureteral+obstruction-induced+renal+fibrosis.">Protective role of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor in endothelial cells against unilateral ureteral obstruction-induced renal fibrosis.</a> Am J Pathol. 185 (5), 1234-1250 (2015).</li><li>Corridon, P. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+method+to+facilitate+and+monitor+expression+of+exogenous+genes+in+the+rat+kidney+using+plasmid+and+viral+vectors.">A method to facilitate and monitor expression of exogenous genes in the rat kidney using plasmid and viral vectors.</a> Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 304 (9), F1217-F1229 (2013).</li><li>Wallace, D. P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tracking+kidney+volume+in+mice+with+polycystic+kidney+disease+by+magnetic+resonance+imaging.">Tracking kidney volume in mice with polycystic kidney disease by magnetic resonance imaging.</a> Kidney Int. 73 (6), 778-781 (2008).</li><li>Woodard, L. E., Wilson, M. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=piggyBac-ing+models+and+new+therapeutic+strategies.">piggyBac-ing models and new therapeutic strategies.</a> Trends Biotechnol. 33 (9), 525-533 (2015).</li><li>Yeikilis, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hydrodynamics+based+transfection+in+normal+and+fibrotic+rats.">Hydrodynamics based transfection in normal and fibrotic rats.</a> World J Gastroenterol. 12 (38), 6149-6155 (2006).</li><li>Thalhofer, C. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vivo+imaging+of+transgenic+Leishmania+parasites+in+a+live+host.">In vivo imaging of transgenic Leishmania parasites in a live host.</a> J Vis Exp. (41), (2010).</li><li>Wooddell, C. I., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Muscle+damage+after+delivery+of+naked+plasmid+DNA+into+skeletal+muscles+is+batch+dependent.">Muscle damage after delivery of naked plasmid DNA into skeletal muscles is batch dependent.</a> Hum Gene Ther. 22 (2), 225-235 (2011).</li><li>Crespo, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hydrodynamic+liver+gene+transfer+mechanism+involves+transient+sinusoidal+blood+stasis+and+massive+hepatocyte+endocytic+vesicles.">Hydrodynamic liver gene transfer mechanism involves transient sinusoidal blood stasis and massive hepatocyte endocytic vesicles.</a> Gene Ther. 12 (11), 927-935 (2005).</li><li>Rocca, C. J., Ur, S. N., Harrison, F., Cherqui, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=rAAV9+combined+with+renal+vein+injection+is+optimal+for+kidney-targeted+gene+delivery:+conclusion+of+a+comparative+study.">rAAV9 combined with renal vein injection is optimal for kidney-targeted gene delivery: conclusion of a comparative study.</a> Gene Ther. 21 (6), 618-628 (2014).</li></ol>

Yazarlar ifşa ve hiçbir çıkar çatışması bildirmek üzere bir şey yok.

Bu protokol için tekrarlanabilir gen ekspresyonu özellikle böbrek de ulaşmak için sağlam bir yöntemi açıklanmıştır. Orta derecede deneyimli bir cerrah elinde transgene okuma duyarlılığını ve 50-%100, fare yaş bağlı olarak çeşitli olması için bu tekniği tarafından transfected fareler yüzdesi bulduk. Luciferase gen ekspresyonu düzeyini arka plan üstüne piggyBac Transpozonlar alma farelerde birkaç ay oldu ve tamamen aynı Transpozonlar11alma immün farelerde bi...

Hidrodinamik kuyruk ven enjeksiyon tekniği gen ekspresyonu fare karaciğer1,2yüksek düzeylerine ulaşmak için yaygın olarak kullanılan bir yol haline gelmiştir. Böbrekler de bu tekniği çok daha alt bir düzeyde, yaklaşık 100-fold daha az3ile transfected. Burada açıklanan hidrodinamik renal pelvis enjeksiyon organ ifade daha önce karaciğer4' te,5 kurulmuş aynı hidrodinamik ilkeleri kullanarak fiziksel yollarla özgüllük denetlemek için basit bir yol sağlar , kas6ve diğer organları7,8. Basınç kullanarak canlı hayvan vivo içinde hücrelerde bu yöntem transfects ve aynı anda hızlı bir şekilde organ hasar inducing sıvı içeren DNA hücre zorlamak için hız9çözüldü. Tarafından insülin şırınga ile birlikte tek bir enjeksiyon kanat kesi10 üzerinden böbrek görselleştirmek için köklü cerrahi teknikleri kullanarak, çeşitli böbrek hücre, interstisyel fibroblastlar esas olarak başarılı transfection bulduk, tübüllerin ve toplama kanal11. Bu fareler diseksiyon diğer organ görüntüleme teknikleri11luciferase tarafından görselleştirmek için yüksek düzeyde transfected değil göstermiştir. Teknik olmayan viral olduğu için plazmid DNA kullanımına transfection için enjeksiyon için gerekli reaktifler hızlı ve kolay hazırlanması izin verir.
Antioksidan glutatyon S-transferaz A4, insülin benzeri büyüme faktörü-1 reseptör ve böbrek beklenen biyolojik etkileri11, ile tüm hormon Eritropoetin ifade için yerelleştirilmiş hidrodinamik iğneleri kullandık 12 , 13. yönetim, enjeksiyon hacmi, DNA dozaj ve organizatörü seçim rotanın ayrıntılı değerlendirme gerçekleştirilen11oldu. Ayrıca, bağışıklık reaksiyonu transgene için bastırmak için her iki piggyBac transposon sistemi ve/veya siklofosfamid tedavisi gösterilmiştir uzun vadeli gen ifadesi sonuçlar11geliştirmek için. Diğer araştırmacılar renal ven yaklaşım saat bir ay14daha büyük bir süre için yüksek transfection verimliliği elde başarı, fareyle kullanmışlardır. Ancak, genetik insan hastalığı taklit fenotipleri düzeltilmesi genellikle yapılma farelerde ilk kanıtı-of-concept olarak en memeli genetik modellerini fare modelleri olduğundan. Renal ven enjeksiyon renal pelvis enjeksiyon için karşılaştırıldığında ve renal pelvis içine enjeksiyon renal ven gen ekspresyonu (yaklaşık on daha yüksek) ve hayatta kalma11için daha üstün olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Renal pelvis idrar üretim dalgalanmalar tolere esnek olduğu için böbrek girdiği ideal bir yoldur ve sık sık ne zaman bile hydronephrosis sırasında genişlemiş, yapısal bütünlüğünü korumak yapabiliyor. Ayrıca, renal pelvis içine enjeksiyon böbrek böbrek kapsülü enjekte sıvı gözle görülür tarafından böbrek intraparenchymal enjeksiyon iyi korunabilmesi izin, piercing olmadan erişebileceğini. Diğer fare organlara girişinin damarlara dışında bir yol var mı ama bir ideal enjeksiyon izi böbrek idrar alanıdır. Ayrıca, renal ven içine enjeksiyon karın boşluğuna kan sızıntı sonuçlandı. Vahşi tipi fare böbrekler toplam böbrek hacmi yaklaşık 0.2 cm3, tek böbrek hacmi yaklaşık renal pelvis tarafından hidrodinamik enjekte sıvı miktarı eşittir olmak manyetik rezonans görüntüleme tarafından tahmin edilmektedir enjeksiyon (100 µL)15. Burada, tüm böbrek tekrarlanabilir transfection elde etmek için hidrodinamik renal pelvis enjeksiyon protokolünün detaylı nüanslar mevcut yaptık.

<table><tbody><tr><td>AnaSed Xylazine</td><td>Patterson Veterinary</td><td>07-808-1947</td><td>Anesthetic - Not controlled substance</td></tr><tr><td>BD Insulin Syringe 0.5 mL 29G 1/2 Inch</td><td>Cardinal Health</td><td>309306</td><td>Required syringes</td></tr><tr><td>Buprenex</td><td>Pharmacist/Veterinarian</td><td></td><td>Analgesia - Controlled Substance</td></tr><tr><td>Dynarex Disposable Towel Drape</td><td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td><td>19-310-671</td><td>Place over heat pad</td></tr><tr><td>EndoFree Plasmid Maxi Kit</td><td>Qiagen</td><td>12362</td><td>Use only endotoxin-free plasmid DNA</td></tr><tr><td>Endosafe Gel-Clot LAL Rapid Positive Control</td><td>Charles River</td><td>PC200</td><td>Positive control for endotoxin test</td></tr><tr><td>Endosafe Gel-Clot LAL Rapid Single Test Vial</td><td>Charles River</td><td>R13500</td><td>Endotoxin test</td></tr><tr><td>Extra Fine Micro Dissecting Scissors</td><td>Roboz Surgical Instrument</td><td>RS-5882</td><td>Surgical tool</td></tr><tr><td>Fisherbrand Instant Sealing Sterilization Pouch - 9&quot;</td><td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td><td>01-812-51</td><td>For autoclaving surgical tools</td></tr><tr><td>Gaymar Heat Pump</td><td>Paragon Medical</td><td>TP-700</td><td>Water-circulating heat pump</td></tr><tr><td>Germinator 500</td><td>Roboz Surgical Instrument</td><td>DS-401</td><td>To reuse surgical tools during surgery</td></tr><tr><td>Graefe Forceps</td><td>Roboz Surgical Instrument</td><td>RS-5136</td><td>Surgical tool</td></tr><tr><td>Graefe Tissue Forceps</td><td>Roboz Surgical Instrument</td><td>RS-5153</td><td>Surgical tool</td></tr><tr><td>Halsey Needle Holder, 5&quot; Length</td><td>Roboz Surgical Instrument</td><td>RS-7841</td><td>Surgical tool</td></tr><tr><td>Heat pads - 15&quot; x 21&quot; - need at least 3</td><td>Paragon Medical</td><td>TP22G</td><td>For use with Gaymar Heat Pump</td></tr><tr><td>IsoFlo (Isoflurane, USP)</td><td>Abbott Animal Health</td><td>5260-04-05</td><td>For imaging and euthanasia</td></tr><tr><td>Isotec Isoflurane Delivery System Vaporizor</td><td>Smiths Medical</td><td>VCT3K2</td><td>For imaging and euthanasia</td></tr><tr><td>Ketamine</td><td>Pharmacist/Veterinarian</td><td></td><td>Anesthetic - Controlled Substance</td></tr><tr><td>Kimwipes</td><td>Kimberly-Clark Professional</td><td>34120</td><td>Laboratory tissues</td></tr><tr><td>Living Image software</td><td>Caliper Life Sciences</td><td></td><td>For live animal imaging</td></tr><tr><td>Luciferin</td><td>Perkin Elmer</td><td>122796</td><td>For live animal imaging</td></tr><tr><td>Nanodrop 2000</td><td>Thermo Scientific</td><td>ND-2000-US-CAN</td><td>Spectrophotometer for DNA measurement</td></tr><tr><td>Prevantics Swabs</td><td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td><td>23-100-110</td><td>For skin surgery prep</td></tr><tr><td>Prolene 5-0 sutures Taper 30&quot;</td><td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td><td>NC0256891</td><td>Non-absorbable sutures for skin</td></tr><tr><td>Puralube Brand Opthalmic Ointment</td><td>Patterson Veterinary</td><td>07-888-2572</td><td>To keep eyes moist during surgery</td></tr><tr><td>Trans IT - QR Hydrodynamic Delivery Solution</td><td>Mirus Bio</td><td>MIR-5240</td><td>Hydrodynamic delivery buffer for diluting DNA</td></tr><tr><td>Vicryl 5-0 Sutures J303H</td><td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td><td>NC9816710</td><td>Absorbable sutures for muscle layer</td></tr><tr><td>Wahl Mini Arco Clipper</td><td>Med-Vet International</td><td>8787-1550</td><td>Shaver for skin prep</td></tr><tr><td>Xenogen IVIS 200</td><td>Caliper Life Sciences</td><td></td><td>For live animal imaging</td></tr></tbody></table>

hydrodynamic renal pelvis injection for non-viral expression of proteins in the kidney

Hidrodinamik enjeksiyon plazmid DNA ve diğer maddeler ile çeşitli dokularda transfect için yerel, yüksek basınçlı bir ortam oluşturur. Hidrodinamik kuyruk ven enjeksiyon, örneğin, hangi karaciğer transfected iyi kurulmuş bir yöntemdir. Bu el yazması plazmid DNA için böbrek özel gen ekspresyonu ile doğrudan fare böbrek iğne ile bir uygulama hidrodinamik ilkeleri açıklar. Fareler anestezi ve böbrek renal pelvis doğrudan bir plazmid DNA içeren çözüm hızlı bir iğne ile takip bir kanat kesi tarafından yararlanılır. İğneyi yerinde on saniye tutulur ve kesi sitesi dikmiş. Ertesi gün, hayvan görüntüleme live, Western blot veya immünhistokimya gen ekspresyonu tahlil için kullanılabilir veya diğer deneyleri seçim transgene için uygun faiz protein tespiti için kullanılır. Gen ifadesinin uzatmak için yayımlanmış yöntemleri transgene için bağışıklık yanıtını inhibe transposon-aracılı transgene entegrasyon ve siklofosfamid tedavisi içerir.

Cerrahi ve enjeksiyon tekniği gerçekleştirmek basit bir kez hakim, hiçbir büyük ekipman veya pahalı malzemeler gerektiren. Yeni Eğer kanat-kesi böbrek ameliyatı, birkaç fare ötenazi için zamanlanmış bir eğitim gün bu ameliyatı ilk denemesinde normalden daha uzun sürebilir çünkü fareler kurtarılan aşağıdaki ameliyat olan değil izin verilmelidir. Alternatif olarak, müfettişler benzer teknikleri ile tanıdık daha çok basit gelebilir. Şekil...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Hydrodynamic Renal Pelvis Injection for Non-viral Expression of Proteins in the Kidney at JoVE.com

Hydrodynamic Renal Pelvis Injection for Non-viral Expression of Proteins in the Kidney

Hidrodinamik Renal Pelvis enjeksiyon böbrek proteinlerin Non-viral ifade

Bu iletişim kuralı yoluyla renal pelvis transgene özellikle böbrek ifadede üretmek için fare böbrek içine plazmid DNA enjekte yöntemi açıklanır.

Hydrodynamic injection creates a local, high-pressure environment to transfect various tissues with plasmid DNA and other substances. Hydrodynamic tail ...

hydrodynamic-renal-pelvis-injection-for-non-viral-expression-proteins

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

18.3K Görüntüleme.  Tennessee Valley Healthcare System. Bu iletişim kuralı yoluyla renal pelvis transgene özellikle böbrek ifadede üretmek için fare böbrek içine plazmid DNA enjekte yöntemi açıklanır.

Video: Hydrodynamic Renal Pelvis Injection for Non-viral Expression of Proteins in the Kidney

Technique to Target Microinjection to the Developing Xenopus Kidney

The embryonic kidney of Xenopus&#160;laevis (frog), the pronephros, consists of a single nephron, and can be used as a model for kidney disease. Xenopus embryos are large, develop externally, and can be easily manipulated by microinjection or surgical procedures. In addition, fate maps have been established for early Xenopus embryos. Targeted microinjection into the individual blastomere that will eventually give rise to an organ or tissue of interest can be used to selectively overexpress or knock down gene expression within this restricted region, decreasing secondary effects in the rest of the developing embryo. In this protocol, we describe how to utilize established Xenopus fate maps to target the developing Xenopus kidney (the pronephros), through microinjection into specific blastomere of 4- and 8-cell embryos. Injection of lineage tracers allows verification of the specific targeting of the injection. After embryos have developed to stage 38 - 40, whole-mount immunostaining is used to visualize pronephric development, and the contribution by targeted cells to the pronephros can be assessed. The same technique can be adapted to target other tissue types in addition to the pronephros.

Technique to Target Microinjection to the Developing Xenopus Kidney

Here, we present a protocol to use fate maps and lineage tracers to target injections into individual blastomeres that give rise to the kidney of Xenopus laevis embryos.

Gelişmekte olan mikroenjeksiyon Hedef Tekniği<em&gt; Xenopus</em&gt; Böbrek

The embryonic kidney of Xenopus&#160;laevis (frog), the pronephros, consists of a single nephron, and can be used as a model for kidney disease. Xenopus ...

Gelişim Biyolojisi

Intravenous Microinjections of Zebrafish Larvae to Study Acute Kidney Injury

In this video article we describe a zebrafish model of AKI using gentamicin as the nephrotoxicant.  The technique consists of intravenous microinjections on 2 dpf zebrafish. This technique represents an efficient and rapid method to deliver soluble substances into the bloodstream of zebrafish larvae, allowing for the injection of 15-20 fish per hour. In addition to AKI studies, this microinjection technique can also be used for other types of experimental studies such as angiography.  We provide a detailed protocol of the technique from equipment required to visual measures of decreased kidney function. In addition, we also demonstrate the process of fixation, whole mount immunohistochemistry with a kidney tubule marker, plastic embedding and sectioning of the larval zebrafish. We demonstrate that zebrafish larvae injected with gentamicin show morphological features consistent with AKI: edema, loss of cell polarity in proximal tubular epithelial cells, and morphological disruption of the tubule.

We describe a technique of microinjecting the aminoglycoside, gentamicin, into 2 days post-fetilization (dpf) zebrafish larvae to induce acute kidney injury (AKI). We also describe a method for whole mount immunohistochemistry, plastic embedding and sectioning of zebrafish larvae to visualize the AKI mediated damage.

Akut Böbrek Sakatlık Eğitim Zebra balığı Larva İntravenöz Microinjections

In this video article we describe a zebrafish model of AKI using gentamicin as the nephrotoxicant.  The technique consists of intravenous microinjections ...

Biyoloji

Microdissection of Primary Renal Tissue Segments and Incorporation with Novel Scaffold-free Construct Technology

Kidney transplantation is now a mainstream therapy for end-stage renal disease. However, with approximately 96,000 people on the waiting list and only one-fourth of these patients achieving transplantation, there is a dire need for alternatives for those with failing organs. In order to decrease the harmful consequences of dialysis along with the overall healthcare costs it incurs, active investigation is ongoing in search of alternative solutions to organ transplantation. Implantable tissue-engineered renal cellular constructs are one such feasible approach to replacing lost renal functionality. Here, described for the first time, is the microdissection of murine kidneys for isolation of living corticomedullary renal segments. These segments are capable of rapid incorporation within scaffold-free endothelial-fibroblast constructs which may enable rapid connection with host vasculature once implanted. Adult mouse kidneys were procured from living donors, followed by stereoscope microdissection to obtain renal segments 200 - 300 &#181;m in diameter. Multiple renal constructs were fabricated using primary renal segments harvested from only one kidney. This method demonstrates a procedure which could salvage functional renal tissue from organs that would otherwise be discarded.

Tissue-engineered renal constructs provide a solution for the organ shortage and deleterious effects of dialysis. Here, we describe a protocol to micro dissect murine kidneys for isolation of cortico-medullary segments. These segments are implanted into scaffold-free cellular constructs, forming renal organoids.

Mikrodiseksiyon birincil böbrek doku parçaları ve roman iskele-Alerjik yapı teknolojisi ile birleşme

Kidney transplantation is now a mainstream therapy for end-stage renal disease. However, with approximately 96,000 people on the waiting list and only ...

Biyomühendislik

Intravascular Delivery of Biologics to the Rat Kidney

The renal microvascular compartment plays an important role in the progression of kidney disease and hypertension, leading to the development of End Stage Renal Disease with high risk of death for cardiovascular events. Moreover, recent clinical studies have shown that renovascular structure and function may have a great impact on functional renal recovery after surgery. Here, we describe a protocol for the delivery of drugs into the renal artery of rats. This procedure offers significant advantages over the frequently used systemic administration as it may allow a more localized therapeutic effect. In addition, the use of rodents in pharmacodynamic analysis of preclinical studies may be cost effective, paving the way for the design of translational experiments in larger animal models. Using this technique, infusion of rat recombinant Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) protein in rats has induced activation of VEGF signaling as shown by increased expression of FLK1, pAKT/AKT, pERK/ERK. In summary, we established a protocol for the intrarenal delivery of drugs in rats, which is simple and highly reproducible.

The administration of drugs for recovery of kidney function requires control of the localization and distribution of the therapeutic compound. Here, we describe in detail a simple technique for intrarenal delivery of drugs in rats. This procedure may be easily performed with no mortality and high reproducibility.

Sıçan Böbrek için Biologies intravasküler teslim

The renal microvascular compartment plays an important role in the progression of kidney disease and hypertension, leading to the development of End Stage ...

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Intrarenal Injection of Escherichia coli in a Rat Model of Pyelonephritis

Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection of the kidney and is most commonly caused by Escherichia coli. Recurrent infections can cause significant renal inflammation and fibrosis ultimately resulting in declining kidney function. Before improved clinical management and prevention of pyelonephritis can be instituted, a reliable animal model must be established in order to study the mechanisms of progression, recurrence, and therapeutic efficacy. The transurethral infection model closely mimics human pyelonephritis but exhibits considerable variation due to its reliance on urethral reflux to transport the bacteria to the kidney. Herein, a detailed surgical protocol for performing bacterial injections into the rat renal pelvis is provided and confirmed by non-invasive Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Using this protocol, animals receive direct exposure to a desired concentration of E. coli bacteria and can fully recover from the surgical procedure with adequate post-operative care. This facilitates subsequent longitudinal MRI assessments of the experimental animal models for comparison with saline (sham) controls. Using this direct delivery approach, the severity of infection is controllable and applicable for mechanistic studies of progression as well as development of novel treatment strategies.

Intrarenal Injection of Escherichia coli in a Rat Model of Pyelonephritis

This manuscript describes a rat surgical model of pyelonephritis using direct intra-renal infection by Escherichia coli into the renal pelvis. The experimental procedure can be utilized to study the pathogenesis of pyelonephritis as well as the associated inflammation and fibrosis.

Intrarenal enjeksiyon<em&gt; Escherichia coli</em&gt; Piyelonefritli Sıçan Modelinde

Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection of the kidney and is most commonly caused by Escherichia coli. Recurrent infections can cause significant renal ...

Direct Drug Delivery to Kidney via the Renal Artery

There is a need for directed injections to enable increased and specific renal exposure for efficient evaluation of drug targets in the renal research field. Accumulation of drugs in certain organs may give rise to adverse and unwanted effects, depending on the nature of injectate. To minimize spillover and/or accumulation in other tissues, the herein described method directs the formulation into the renal artery bloodstream by inserting a catheter in the infra renal aorta, just below where it branches into the renal artery, resulting in the kidney as first reached organ and distributing of formulation throughout the kidney.
This manuscript provides a detailed description of the method, as well as its challenges and difficulties. It guides the experimenter to become skillful with this type of microsurgery that requires accuracy under sterile conditions. Speed is crucial for minimizing the ischemia and practicing the procedure will increase the chance of successful injections without adverse effects. By modulating the time between injection and reperfusion as well as the injected volume, the risk of spillover to other organs is mitigated. 
Note that this technique is suitable for single dosing strategies.

This manuscript describes a method for targeted delivery to a single kidney via a catheter placed in the infrarenal abdominal aorta in the mouse.

Böbrek Atardamarı Ile Böbreğe Doğrudan İlaç Verilmesi

There is a need for directed injections to enable increased and specific renal exposure for efficient evaluation of drug targets in the renal research ...

Delivery of Exogenous Artificially Synthesized miRNA Mimic to the Kidney Using Polyethylenimine Nanoparticles in Several Kidney Disease Mouse Models

microRNAs&#160;(miRNAs), small noncoding RNAs (21-25 bases) that are not translated into proteins, inhibit lots of target messenger RNAs (mRNAs) by destabilizing and inhibiting their translation in various kidney diseases. Therefore, alternation of miRNA expression by exogenous artificially synthesized miRNA mimics is a potentially useful treatment option for inhibiting the development of many kidney diseases. However, because serum RNAase immediately degrades systematically administered exogenous miRNA mimics in vivo, delivery of miRNA to the kidney remains a challenge. Therefore, vectors that can protect exogenous miRNA mimics from degradation by RNAase and significantly deliver them to the kidney are necessary. Many studies have used viral vectors to deliver exogenous miRNA mimics or inhibitors to the kidney. However, viral vectors may cause an interferon response and/or genetic instability. Therefore, the development of viral vectors is also a hurdle for the clinical use of exogenous miRNA mimics or inhibitors. To overcome these concerns regarding viral vectors, we developed a nonviral vector method to deliver miRNA mimics to the kidney using tail vein injection of polyethylenimine nanoparticles (PEI-NPs), which led to significant overexpression of target miRNAs in several mouse models of kidney disease.

Here, we deliver exogenous artificially synthesized miRNA mimics to the kidney via tail vein injection of a nonviral vector and polyethylenimine nanoparticles in several kidney disease mouse models. This led to significant overexpression of target miRNA in the kidney, resulting in inhibited progression of kidney disease in several mouse models.

Çeşitli Böbrek Hastalığı Fare Modellerinde Polietilenimin Nanopartikülleri Kullanılarak Ekzojen Yapay Olarak Sentezlenmiş MiRNA Mimiklerinin Böbreğe Verilmesi

microRNAs&#160;(miRNAs), small noncoding RNAs (21-25 bases) that are not translated into proteins, inhibit lots of target messenger RNAs (mRNAs) by ...

Nephrotoxin Microinjection in Zebrafish to Model Acute Kidney Injury

The kidneys are susceptible to harm from exposure to chemicals they filter from the bloodstream. This can lead to organ injury associated with a rapid decline in renal function and development of the clinical syndrome known as acute kidney injury (AKI). Pharmacological agents used to treat medical circumstances ranging from bacterial infection to cancer, when administered individually or in combination with other drugs, can initiate AKI. Zebrafish are a useful animal model to study the chemical effects on renal function in vivo, as they form an embryonic kidney comprised of nephron functional units that are conserved with higher vertebrates, including humans. Further, zebrafish can be utilized to perform genetic and chemical screens, which provide opportunities to elucidate the cellular and molecular facets of AKI and develop therapeutic strategies such as the identification of nephroprotective molecules. Here, we demonstrate how microinjection into the zebrafish embryo can be utilized as a paradigm for nephrotoxin studies.

Renal injuries incurred from nephrotoxins, which include drugs ranging from antibiotics to chemotherapeutics, can result in complex disorders whose pathogenesis remains incompletely understood. This protocol demonstrates how zebrafish can be used for disease modeling of these conditions, which can be applied to the identification of renoprotective measures.

Zebra balığı Nephrotoxin Mikroenjeksiyon Akut Böbrek Yaralanması Model

The kidneys are susceptible to harm from exposure to chemicals they filter from the bloodstream. This can lead to organ injury associated with a rapid ...

Tavuk Lensi Gelişimi Sırasında Protein Ekspresyonunun İncelenmesi

Microinjection of Recombinant RCAS(A) Retrovirus into Embryonic Chicken Lens

Embryonic chicken (Gallus domesticus) is a well-established animal model for the study of lens development and physiology, given its high degree of similarity with the human lens. RCAS(A) is a replication-competent chicken retrovirus that infects dividing cells, which serves as a powerful tool to study the in situ expression and function of wild-type and mutant proteins during lens development by microinjection into the empty lumen of lens vesicle at early developmental stages, restricting its action to surrounding proliferating lens cells. Compared to other approaches, such as transgenic models and ex vivo cultures, the use of an RCAS(A) replication-competent avian retrovirus provides a highly effective, rapid, and customizable system to express exogenous proteins in chick embryos. Specifically, targeted gene transfer can be confined to proliferative lens fiber cells without the need for tissue-specific promoters. In this article, we will briefly overview the steps needed for recombinant retrovirus RCAS(A) preparation, provide a detailed, comprehensive overview of the microinjection procedure, and provide sample results of the technique.

Yazar Gündemi: Embriyonik Tavuk Lensinde RCAS(A) Retrovirüsünün Mikroenjeksiyonu Yoluyla Lens Gelişimi ve İşlevinin Araştırılması 

This protocol paper describes the methodology of embryonic chicken lens microinjection of an RCAS(A) retrovirus as a tool for studying in situ function and expression of proteins during lens development.

Rekombinant RCAS(A) Retrovirüsünün Embriyonik Tavuk Lensine Mikroenjeksiyonu

Embryonic chicken (Gallus domesticus) is a well-established animal model for the study of lens development and physiology, given its high degree of ...

Hidrodinamik Renal Pelvis enjeksiyon böbrek proteinlerin Non-viral ifade

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Gelişmekte olan mikroenjeksiyon Hedef Tekniği

Akut Böbrek Sakatlık Eğitim Zebra balığı Larva İntravenöz Microinjections

Mikrodiseksiyon birincil böbrek doku parçaları ve roman iskele-Alerjik yapı teknolojisi ile birleşme

Sıçan Böbrek için Biologies intravasküler teslim

Intrarenal enjeksiyon

Böbrek Atardamarı Ile Böbreğe Doğrudan İlaç Verilmesi

Çeşitli Böbrek Hastalığı Fare Modellerinde Polietilenimin Nanopartikülleri Kullanılarak Ekzojen Yapay Olarak Sentezlenmiş MiRNA Mimiklerinin Böbreğe Verilmesi

Zebra balığı Nephrotoxin Mikroenjeksiyon Akut Böbrek Yaralanması Model

Rekombinant RCAS(A) Retrovirüsünün Embriyonik Tavuk Lensine Mikroenjeksiyonu

Rekombinant RCAS(A) Retrovirüsünün Embriyonik Tavuk Lensine Mikroenjeksiyonu