경력 개발 수상에서의 재향 군인 담당 부서 [BX002797] L.E.W. 및 건강의 국가 학회 [R01-DK095867] 및 미국 심 혼 협회 [15GRNT25700209] 제 지원 건강의 국가 학회 [DK093660], 재향 군인 담당 부서 [BX002190], 및 신장 질환에 대 한 밴 더 빌 트 센터 지원 M.H.W. 이 물자 자원 및 버지니아 테네시 밸리 의료 시스템 시설의 사용 지원 작업의 결과 이다.

<ol>
	<li>Liu, F., Song, Y., Liu, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hydrodynamics-based+transfection+in+animals+by+systemic+administration+of+plasmid+DNA.">Hydrodynamics-based transfection in animals by systemic administration of plasmid DNA.</a> Gene Ther. 6 (7), 1258-1266 (1999).</li><li>Zhang, G., Budker, V., Wolff, J. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High+levels+of+foreign+gene+expression+in+hepatocytes+after+tail+vein+injections+of+naked+plasmid+DNA.">High levels of foreign gene expression in hepatocytes after tail vein injections of naked plasmid DNA.</a> Human Gene Therapy. 10, 1735-1737 (1999).</li><li>Fumoto, S., Nishimura, K., Nishida, K., Kawakami, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Three-Dimensional+Imaging+of+the+Intracellular+Fate+of+Plasmid+DNA+and+Transgene+Expression:+ZsGreen1+and+Tissue+Clearing+Method+CUBIC+Are+an+Optimal+Combination+for+Multicolor+Deep+Imaging+in+Murine+Tissues.">Three-Dimensional Imaging of the Intracellular Fate of Plasmid DNA and Transgene Expression: ZsGreen1 and Tissue Clearing Method CUBIC Are an Optimal Combination for Multicolor Deep Imaging in Murine Tissues.</a> PLoS One. 11 (1), e0148233 (2016).</li><li>Yoshino, H., Hashizume, K., Kobayashi, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Naked+plasmid+DNA+transfer+to+the+porcine+liver+using+rapid+injection+with+large+volume.">Naked plasmid DNA transfer to the porcine liver using rapid injection with large volume.</a> Gene Ther. 13 (24), 1696-1702 (2006).</li><li>Kamimura, K., Suda, T., Xu, W., Zhang, G., Liu, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Image-guided,+lobe-specific+hydrodynamic+gene+delivery+to+swine+liver.">Image-guided, lobe-specific hydrodynamic gene delivery to swine liver.</a> Mol Ther. 17 (3), 491-499 (2009).</li><li>Kamimura, K., Zhang, G., Liu, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Image-guided,intravascular+hydrodynamic+gene+delivery+to+skeletal+muscle+in+pigs.">Image-guided,intravascular hydrodynamic gene delivery to skeletal muscle in pigs.</a> Mol Ther. 18 (1), 93-100 (2010).</li><li>Suda, T., Liu, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hydrodynamic+gene+delivery:+its+principles+and+applications.">Hydrodynamic gene delivery: its principles and applications.</a> Mol.Ther. 15 (12), 2063-2069 (2007).</li><li>Alino, S. F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Naked+DNA+delivery+to+whole+pig+cardiac+tissue+by+coronary+sinus+retrograde+injection+employing+non-invasive+catheterization.">Naked DNA delivery to whole pig cardiac tissue by coronary sinus retrograde injection employing non-invasive catheterization.</a> J Gene Med. 12 (11), 920-926 (2010).</li><li>Suda, T., Gao, X., Stolz, D. B., Liu, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Structural+impact+of+hydrodynamic+injection+on+mouse+liver.">Structural impact of hydrodynamic injection on mouse liver.</a> Gene Ther. 14 (2), 129-137 (2007).</li><li>Skrypnyk, N. I., Harris, R. C., de Caestecker, M. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ischemia-reperfusion+model+of+acute+kidney+injury+and+post+injury+fibrosis+in+mice.">Ischemia-reperfusion model of acute kidney injury and post injury fibrosis in mice.</a> J Vis Exp. (78), (2013).</li><li>Woodard, L. E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Kidney-specific+transposon-mediated+gene+transfer+in+vivo.">Kidney-specific transposon-mediated gene transfer in vivo.</a> Sci Rep. 7, 44904 (2017).</li><li>Liang, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Loss+of+glutathione+S-transferase+A4+accelerates+obstruction-induced+tubule+damage+and+renal+fibrosis.">Loss of glutathione S-transferase A4 accelerates obstruction-induced tubule damage and renal fibrosis.</a> Journal of Pathology. 228 (4), 448-458 (2012).</li><li>Liang, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Protective+role+of+insulin-like+growth+factor-1+receptor+in+endothelial+cells+against+unilateral+ureteral+obstruction-induced+renal+fibrosis.">Protective role of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor in endothelial cells against unilateral ureteral obstruction-induced renal fibrosis.</a> Am J Pathol. 185 (5), 1234-1250 (2015).</li><li>Corridon, P. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+method+to+facilitate+and+monitor+expression+of+exogenous+genes+in+the+rat+kidney+using+plasmid+and+viral+vectors.">A method to facilitate and monitor expression of exogenous genes in the rat kidney using plasmid and viral vectors.</a> Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 304 (9), F1217-F1229 (2013).</li><li>Wallace, D. P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tracking+kidney+volume+in+mice+with+polycystic+kidney+disease+by+magnetic+resonance+imaging.">Tracking kidney volume in mice with polycystic kidney disease by magnetic resonance imaging.</a> Kidney Int. 73 (6), 778-781 (2008).</li><li>Woodard, L. E., Wilson, M. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=piggyBac-ing+models+and+new+therapeutic+strategies.">piggyBac-ing models and new therapeutic strategies.</a> Trends Biotechnol. 33 (9), 525-533 (2015).</li><li>Yeikilis, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hydrodynamics+based+transfection+in+normal+and+fibrotic+rats.">Hydrodynamics based transfection in normal and fibrotic rats.</a> World J Gastroenterol. 12 (38), 6149-6155 (2006).</li><li>Thalhofer, C. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vivo+imaging+of+transgenic+Leishmania+parasites+in+a+live+host.">In vivo imaging of transgenic Leishmania parasites in a live host.</a> J Vis Exp. (41), (2010).</li><li>Wooddell, C. I., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Muscle+damage+after+delivery+of+naked+plasmid+DNA+into+skeletal+muscles+is+batch+dependent.">Muscle damage after delivery of naked plasmid DNA into skeletal muscles is batch dependent.</a> Hum Gene Ther. 22 (2), 225-235 (2011).</li><li>Crespo, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hydrodynamic+liver+gene+transfer+mechanism+involves+transient+sinusoidal+blood+stasis+and+massive+hepatocyte+endocytic+vesicles.">Hydrodynamic liver gene transfer mechanism involves transient sinusoidal blood stasis and massive hepatocyte endocytic vesicles.</a> Gene Ther. 12 (11), 927-935 (2005).</li><li>Rocca, C. J., Ur, S. N., Harrison, F., Cherqui, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=rAAV9+combined+with+renal+vein+injection+is+optimal+for+kidney-targeted+gene+delivery:+conclusion+of+a+comparative+study.">rAAV9 combined with renal vein injection is optimal for kidney-targeted gene delivery: conclusion of a comparative study.</a> Gene Ther. 21 (6), 618-628 (2014).</li></ol>

저자는 공개 관심 없음 충돌 선언 하는 것도 있다.

이 프로토콜에서 신장에 특히 재현 유전자 발현을 달성 하기 위한 강력한 메서드를 설명 합니다. 적당히 경험 있는 외과 의사의 손에 우리 쥐 마우스 나이 따라 50-100%의 범위와는 transgene의 판독의 감도에이 기술에 의해 페의 비율을 발견 했다. Luciferase 유전자 발현의 수준 배경 위에서 마우스 piggyBac transposons 수신에 몇 달 동안 되었고 완전히 immunocompromised 쥐 같은 transposons11</sup...

유체역학 꼬리 정 맥 주입 기술은 마우스 간1,2유전자 발현의 높은 수준을 달성 하기 위해 일반적으로 사용 되는 되고있다. 신장은 또한 훨씬 더 낮은 수준, 약 100 적은3에서이 기술에 의해 페. 여기에 설명 된 유체역학 신장 골반 사출 간4,5 이전 설립 되었습니다 동일한 유체역학 원리를 사용 하 여 물리적 수단을 통해 장기 식의 특이성을 제어 하는 간단한 방법 제공 ,6, 근육 및 다른 기관7,8. 이 메서드는 압력을 사용 하 여 셀 vivo에서 동물에 transfects와 동시에 신속 하 게 기관에 손상을 유발 셀에 액체 포함 DNA를 강제로 속도 해결9. 인슐린 주사기에 의해 단일 주사 함께 측면 절 개10 통해 신장 시각화 확고 외과 기술을 사용 하 여, 우리는 다양 한 종류의 신장 세포, 주로 간 질 성 섬유 아 세포의 성공적인 transfection 발견 tubules, 그리고 모으는 덕트11. 이러한 쥐의 해 부 다른 장기 luciferase 이미징 기법11여 시각화 충분히 높은 수준에서 페 하지는 보이고 있다. 기술은 아닌 바이러스 이기 때문에, transfection에 대 한 플라스 미드 DNA의 사용 사출에 필요한 시 약의 빠르고 쉬운 준비를 허용 합니다.
우리 항 산화 glutathione S-전이 효소 A4, 인슐린 같은 성장 인자 1 수용 체 모두 예상된 생물학적 효과11, 와 함께 신장에서 호르몬 리스로 표현 하는 지역화 된 유체역학 주사를 사용 12 , 13. 경로 관리, 주입 량, DNA 복용량, 및 발기인 선택의 상세한 평가 수행된11되었습니다. 또한, 두 piggyBac transposon 시스템 또는 cyclophosphamide 치료는 transgene 면역 반응 억제를 장기 진 식 결과11을 개선 하기 위해 표시 되었습니다. 다른 조사 성공, 한 달14보다 큰 시간 동안 높은 transfection 효율을 달성 쥐에서 신장 정 맥 접근을 사용 했습니다. 그러나, 인간의 질병을 흉내 낸 고기의 유전 수정 일반적으로 수행 됩니다 마우스 처음 개념 증명으로 이후 가장 포유류 유전자 모델은 마우스 모델. 우리 신장 골반 주입에 신장 정 맥 주입을 비교 하 고 신장 골반에 주입 (약 10 배 더 높은) 유전자 발현 및 생존11신장 정 맥에 우수한 발견. 신장 골반 신장에 항목의 이상적인 경로 때문에 용납 소변 생산에 변동에 유연 이며 종종 hydronephrosis 동안 넓힐 경우에 그것의 구조적 무결성을 유지할 수 있습니다. 또한, 신장 골반에 주입 주입된 유체 가시 intraparenchymal 주입 보다는 더 나은 신장에 의해 유지 될 수 있도록 신장 캡슐을 관통 하지 않고 신장에 대 한 액세스를 허용 합니다. 다른 마우스 장기 맥 관 구조, 다른 항목의 경로 필요가 없습니다 하지만 신장 비뇨 기 공간 이상적인 사출 사이트입니다. 또한, 신장 정 맥에 주사는 복 부 구멍으로 혈액의 누설에 결과. 야생-타입 마우스 신장의 총 신장 볼륨 단일 신장의 볼륨은 약 신장 골반 유체에 의해 주입 액체의 양을에 약 0.2 c m3를 자기 공명 영상으로 추정 되었다 주입 (100 µ L)15. 여기, 우리는 가능 신장 재현할 transfection를 달성 하기 위해 유체역학 신장 골반 주입 프로토콜의 자세한 뉘앙스의 모든.

<table><tbody><tr><td>AnaSed Xylazine</td><td>Patterson Veterinary</td><td>07-808-1947</td><td>Anesthetic - Not controlled substance</td></tr><tr><td>BD Insulin Syringe 0.5 mL 29G 1/2 Inch</td><td>Cardinal Health</td><td>309306</td><td>Required syringes</td></tr><tr><td>Buprenex</td><td>Pharmacist/Veterinarian</td><td></td><td>Analgesia - Controlled Substance</td></tr><tr><td>Dynarex Disposable Towel Drape</td><td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td><td>19-310-671</td><td>Place over heat pad</td></tr><tr><td>EndoFree Plasmid Maxi Kit</td><td>Qiagen</td><td>12362</td><td>Use only endotoxin-free plasmid DNA</td></tr><tr><td>Endosafe Gel-Clot LAL Rapid Positive Control</td><td>Charles River</td><td>PC200</td><td>Positive control for endotoxin test</td></tr><tr><td>Endosafe Gel-Clot LAL Rapid Single Test Vial</td><td>Charles River</td><td>R13500</td><td>Endotoxin test</td></tr><tr><td>Extra Fine Micro Dissecting Scissors</td><td>Roboz Surgical Instrument</td><td>RS-5882</td><td>Surgical tool</td></tr><tr><td>Fisherbrand Instant Sealing Sterilization Pouch - 9&quot;</td><td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td><td>01-812-51</td><td>For autoclaving surgical tools</td></tr><tr><td>Gaymar Heat Pump</td><td>Paragon Medical</td><td>TP-700</td><td>Water-circulating heat pump</td></tr><tr><td>Germinator 500</td><td>Roboz Surgical Instrument</td><td>DS-401</td><td>To reuse surgical tools during surgery</td></tr><tr><td>Graefe Forceps</td><td>Roboz Surgical Instrument</td><td>RS-5136</td><td>Surgical tool</td></tr><tr><td>Graefe Tissue Forceps</td><td>Roboz Surgical Instrument</td><td>RS-5153</td><td>Surgical tool</td></tr><tr><td>Halsey Needle Holder, 5&quot; Length</td><td>Roboz Surgical Instrument</td><td>RS-7841</td><td>Surgical tool</td></tr><tr><td>Heat pads - 15&quot; x 21&quot; - need at least 3</td><td>Paragon Medical</td><td>TP22G</td><td>For use with Gaymar Heat Pump</td></tr><tr><td>IsoFlo (Isoflurane, USP)</td><td>Abbott Animal Health</td><td>5260-04-05</td><td>For imaging and euthanasia</td></tr><tr><td>Isotec Isoflurane Delivery System Vaporizor</td><td>Smiths Medical</td><td>VCT3K2</td><td>For imaging and euthanasia</td></tr><tr><td>Ketamine</td><td>Pharmacist/Veterinarian</td><td></td><td>Anesthetic - Controlled Substance</td></tr><tr><td>Kimwipes</td><td>Kimberly-Clark Professional</td><td>34120</td><td>Laboratory tissues</td></tr><tr><td>Living Image software</td><td>Caliper Life Sciences</td><td></td><td>For live animal imaging</td></tr><tr><td>Luciferin</td><td>Perkin Elmer</td><td>122796</td><td>For live animal imaging</td></tr><tr><td>Nanodrop 2000</td><td>Thermo Scientific</td><td>ND-2000-US-CAN</td><td>Spectrophotometer for DNA measurement</td></tr><tr><td>Prevantics Swabs</td><td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td><td>23-100-110</td><td>For skin surgery prep</td></tr><tr><td>Prolene 5-0 sutures Taper 30&quot;</td><td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td><td>NC0256891</td><td>Non-absorbable sutures for skin</td></tr><tr><td>Puralube Brand Opthalmic Ointment</td><td>Patterson Veterinary</td><td>07-888-2572</td><td>To keep eyes moist during surgery</td></tr><tr><td>Trans IT - QR Hydrodynamic Delivery Solution</td><td>Mirus Bio</td><td>MIR-5240</td><td>Hydrodynamic delivery buffer for diluting DNA</td></tr><tr><td>Vicryl 5-0 Sutures J303H</td><td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td><td>NC9816710</td><td>Absorbable sutures for muscle layer</td></tr><tr><td>Wahl Mini Arco Clipper</td><td>Med-Vet International</td><td>8787-1550</td><td>Shaver for skin prep</td></tr><tr><td>Xenogen IVIS 200</td><td>Caliper Life Sciences</td><td></td><td>For live animal imaging</td></tr></tbody></table>

hydrodynamic renal pelvis injection for non-viral expression of proteins in the kidney

유체역학 주입 transfect 다양 한 조직 플라스 미드 DNA와 다른 물질을 지역, 고압 환경을 만듭니다. 유체역학 꼬리 정 맥 주입, 예를 들어 간 페 될 수 있는 잘 설립 방법입니다. 이 원고는 신장 관련 유전자 발현에 대 한 플라스 미드 DNA와 직접 마우스 신장의 주입에 의해 유체역학 원리의 응용을 프로그램을 설명합니다. 쥐 취 고 신장 신장 골반에 직접 플라스 미드 DNA를 포함 하는 솔루션의 빠른 주입 다음 측면 절 개 하 여 노출 됩니다. 바늘은 10 초에 대 한 장소에 보관 하 고 절 개 사이트 봉합. 다음 날, 라이브 동물 영상, 서쪽 오 점 또는 immunohistochemistry 유전자 발현 분석 결과를 사용할 수 있습니다 또는 관심사의 단백질의 검출에 사용 되는 선택의 transgene에 적합 한 다른 분석 실험. 유전자 발현을 연장 하기 위해 게시 방법은 transgene 면역 반응을 억제 하 중재 하는 transposon transgene 통합과 cyclophosphamide 치료를 포함 합니다.

수술 및 주입 기술 하 게 수행 하기 위해 한번 마스터, 주요 장비 또는 비싼 물자를 요구 있습니다. 새로운 측면 절 개 신장 수술을 하는 경우 1 훈련 일 안락사 예정 여러 쥐에 있는 쥐 복구 된 다음 수술 때문에 하지 않습니다이 수술에서 첫 번째 시도 보다 훨씬 더 오래 걸릴 수 있습니다 허용 되어야 한다. 또는, 유사한 기술을 익힐 수 사관 간단 하 찾을 수 있습니다. <stron...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Hydrodynamic Renal Pelvis Injection for Non-viral Expression of Proteins in the Kidney at JoVE.com

Hydrodynamic Renal Pelvis Injection for Non-viral Expression of Proteins in the Kidney

유체역학 신장 골반 주입은 신장에서 단백질의 비 바이러스 성 표현에 대 한

이 프로토콜에는 신장에 특히 transgene 식 생산 하 신 골반을 통해 마우스 신장에 플라스 미드 DNA를 주입 하는 방법을 설명 합니다.

Hydrodynamic injection creates a local, high-pressure environment to transfect various tissues with plasmid DNA and other substances. Hydrodynamic tail ...

hydrodynamic-renal-pelvis-injection-for-non-viral-expression-proteins

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

18.3K 조회수.  Tennessee Valley Healthcare System. 이 프로토콜에는 신장에 특히 transgene 식 생산 하 신 골반을 통해 마우스 신장에 플라스 미드 DNA를 주입 하는 방법을 설명 합니다.

비디오: Hydrodynamic Renal Pelvis Injection for Non-viral Expression of Proteins in the Kidney

Technique to Target Microinjection to the Developing Xenopus Kidney

The embryonic kidney of Xenopus&#160;laevis (frog), the pronephros, consists of a single nephron, and can be used as a model for kidney disease. Xenopus embryos are large, develop externally, and can be easily manipulated by microinjection or surgical procedures. In addition, fate maps have been established for early Xenopus embryos. Targeted microinjection into the individual blastomere that will eventually give rise to an organ or tissue of interest can be used to selectively overexpress or knock down gene expression within this restricted region, decreasing secondary effects in the rest of the developing embryo. In this protocol, we describe how to utilize established Xenopus fate maps to target the developing Xenopus kidney (the pronephros), through microinjection into specific blastomere of 4- and 8-cell embryos. Injection of lineage tracers allows verification of the specific targeting of the injection. After embryos have developed to stage 38 - 40, whole-mount immunostaining is used to visualize pronephric development, and the contribution by targeted cells to the pronephros can be assessed. The same technique can be adapted to target other tissue types in addition to the pronephros.

Technique to Target Microinjection to the Developing Xenopus Kidney

Here, we present a protocol to use fate maps and lineage tracers to target injections into individual blastomeres that give rise to the kidney of Xenopus laevis embryos.

개발에 미세 주입을 대상으로 기술<em&gt; Xenopus의</em&gt; 신장

The embryonic kidney of Xenopus&#160;laevis (frog), the pronephros, consists of a single nephron, and can be used as a model for kidney disease. Xenopus ...

연구

발생학

Intravenous Microinjections of Zebrafish Larvae to Study Acute Kidney Injury

In this video article we describe a zebrafish model of AKI using gentamicin as the nephrotoxicant.  The technique consists of intravenous microinjections on 2 dpf zebrafish. This technique represents an efficient and rapid method to deliver soluble substances into the bloodstream of zebrafish larvae, allowing for the injection of 15-20 fish per hour. In addition to AKI studies, this microinjection technique can also be used for other types of experimental studies such as angiography.  We provide a detailed protocol of the technique from equipment required to visual measures of decreased kidney function. In addition, we also demonstrate the process of fixation, whole mount immunohistochemistry with a kidney tubule marker, plastic embedding and sectioning of the larval zebrafish. We demonstrate that zebrafish larvae injected with gentamicin show morphological features consistent with AKI: edema, loss of cell polarity in proximal tubular epithelial cells, and morphological disruption of the tubule.

We describe a technique of microinjecting the aminoglycoside, gentamicin, into 2 days post-fetilization (dpf) zebrafish larvae to induce acute kidney injury (AKI). We also describe a method for whole mount immunohistochemistry, plastic embedding and sectioning of zebrafish larvae to visualize the AKI mediated damage.

급성 신장 상해를 공부하기 위해 Zebrafish 애벌레의 정맥 Microinjections

In this video article we describe a zebrafish model of AKI using gentamicin as the nephrotoxicant.  The technique consists of intravenous microinjections ...

생물학

Microdissection of Primary Renal Tissue Segments and Incorporation with Novel Scaffold-free Construct Technology

Kidney transplantation is now a mainstream therapy for end-stage renal disease. However, with approximately 96,000 people on the waiting list and only one-fourth of these patients achieving transplantation, there is a dire need for alternatives for those with failing organs. In order to decrease the harmful consequences of dialysis along with the overall healthcare costs it incurs, active investigation is ongoing in search of alternative solutions to organ transplantation. Implantable tissue-engineered renal cellular constructs are one such feasible approach to replacing lost renal functionality. Here, described for the first time, is the microdissection of murine kidneys for isolation of living corticomedullary renal segments. These segments are capable of rapid incorporation within scaffold-free endothelial-fibroblast constructs which may enable rapid connection with host vasculature once implanted. Adult mouse kidneys were procured from living donors, followed by stereoscope microdissection to obtain renal segments 200 - 300 &#181;m in diameter. Multiple renal constructs were fabricated using primary renal segments harvested from only one kidney. This method demonstrates a procedure which could salvage functional renal tissue from organs that would otherwise be discarded.

Tissue-engineered renal constructs provide a solution for the organ shortage and deleterious effects of dialysis. Here, we describe a protocol to micro dissect murine kidneys for isolation of cortico-medullary segments. These segments are implanted into scaffold-free cellular constructs, forming renal organoids.

서 주 신장 조직 세그먼트와 소설 비 계 없는 건설 기술 관

Kidney transplantation is now a mainstream therapy for end-stage renal disease. However, with approximately 96,000 people on the waiting list and only ...

생체공학

Intravascular Delivery of Biologics to the Rat Kidney

The renal microvascular compartment plays an important role in the progression of kidney disease and hypertension, leading to the development of End Stage Renal Disease with high risk of death for cardiovascular events. Moreover, recent clinical studies have shown that renovascular structure and function may have a great impact on functional renal recovery after surgery. Here, we describe a protocol for the delivery of drugs into the renal artery of rats. This procedure offers significant advantages over the frequently used systemic administration as it may allow a more localized therapeutic effect. In addition, the use of rodents in pharmacodynamic analysis of preclinical studies may be cost effective, paving the way for the design of translational experiments in larger animal models. Using this technique, infusion of rat recombinant Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) protein in rats has induced activation of VEGF signaling as shown by increased expression of FLK1, pAKT/AKT, pERK/ERK. In summary, we established a protocol for the intrarenal delivery of drugs in rats, which is simple and highly reproducible.

The administration of drugs for recovery of kidney function requires control of the localization and distribution of the therapeutic compound. Here, we describe in detail a simple technique for intrarenal delivery of drugs in rats. This procedure may be easily performed with no mortality and high reproducibility.

쥐의 신장에 생물의 혈관 배달

The renal microvascular compartment plays an important role in the progression of kidney disease and hypertension, leading to the development of End Stage ...

의학

Intrarenal Injection of Escherichia coli in a Rat Model of Pyelonephritis

Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection of the kidney and is most commonly caused by Escherichia coli. Recurrent infections can cause significant renal inflammation and fibrosis ultimately resulting in declining kidney function. Before improved clinical management and prevention of pyelonephritis can be instituted, a reliable animal model must be established in order to study the mechanisms of progression, recurrence, and therapeutic efficacy. The transurethral infection model closely mimics human pyelonephritis but exhibits considerable variation due to its reliance on urethral reflux to transport the bacteria to the kidney. Herein, a detailed surgical protocol for performing bacterial injections into the rat renal pelvis is provided and confirmed by non-invasive Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Using this protocol, animals receive direct exposure to a desired concentration of E. coli bacteria and can fully recover from the surgical procedure with adequate post-operative care. This facilitates subsequent longitudinal MRI assessments of the experimental animal models for comparison with saline (sham) controls. Using this direct delivery approach, the severity of infection is controllable and applicable for mechanistic studies of progression as well as development of novel treatment strategies.

Intrarenal Injection of Escherichia coli in a Rat Model of Pyelonephritis

This manuscript describes a rat surgical model of pyelonephritis using direct intra-renal infection by Escherichia coli into the renal pelvis. The experimental procedure can be utilized to study the pathogenesis of pyelonephritis as well as the associated inflammation and fibrosis.

경동맥 내 주사<em&gt; 대장균</em&gt; 신우 신염의 쥐 모델에서

Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection of the kidney and is most commonly caused by Escherichia coli. Recurrent infections can cause significant renal ...

Direct Drug Delivery to Kidney via the Renal Artery

There is a need for directed injections to enable increased and specific renal exposure for efficient evaluation of drug targets in the renal research field. Accumulation of drugs in certain organs may give rise to adverse and unwanted effects, depending on the nature of injectate. To minimize spillover and/or accumulation in other tissues, the herein described method directs the formulation into the renal artery bloodstream by inserting a catheter in the infra renal aorta, just below where it branches into the renal artery, resulting in the kidney as first reached organ and distributing of formulation throughout the kidney.
This manuscript provides a detailed description of the method, as well as its challenges and difficulties. It guides the experimenter to become skillful with this type of microsurgery that requires accuracy under sterile conditions. Speed is crucial for minimizing the ischemia and practicing the procedure will increase the chance of successful injections without adverse effects. By modulating the time between injection and reperfusion as well as the injected volume, the risk of spillover to other organs is mitigated. 
Note that this technique is suitable for single dosing strategies.

This manuscript describes a method for targeted delivery to a single kidney via a catheter placed in the infrarenal abdominal aorta in the mouse.

신장 동맥을 통해 신장에 직접 약물 전달

There is a need for directed injections to enable increased and specific renal exposure for efficient evaluation of drug targets in the renal research ...

Delivery of Exogenous Artificially Synthesized miRNA Mimic to the Kidney Using Polyethylenimine Nanoparticles in Several Kidney Disease Mouse Models

microRNAs&#160;(miRNAs), small noncoding RNAs (21-25 bases) that are not translated into proteins, inhibit lots of target messenger RNAs (mRNAs) by destabilizing and inhibiting their translation in various kidney diseases. Therefore, alternation of miRNA expression by exogenous artificially synthesized miRNA mimics is a potentially useful treatment option for inhibiting the development of many kidney diseases. However, because serum RNAase immediately degrades systematically administered exogenous miRNA mimics in vivo, delivery of miRNA to the kidney remains a challenge. Therefore, vectors that can protect exogenous miRNA mimics from degradation by RNAase and significantly deliver them to the kidney are necessary. Many studies have used viral vectors to deliver exogenous miRNA mimics or inhibitors to the kidney. However, viral vectors may cause an interferon response and/or genetic instability. Therefore, the development of viral vectors is also a hurdle for the clinical use of exogenous miRNA mimics or inhibitors. To overcome these concerns regarding viral vectors, we developed a nonviral vector method to deliver miRNA mimics to the kidney using tail vein injection of polyethylenimine nanoparticles (PEI-NPs), which led to significant overexpression of target miRNAs in several mouse models of kidney disease.

Here, we deliver exogenous artificially synthesized miRNA mimics to the kidney via tail vein injection of a nonviral vector and polyethylenimine nanoparticles in several kidney disease mouse models. This led to significant overexpression of target miRNA in the kidney, resulting in inhibited progression of kidney disease in several mouse models.

여러 신장 질환 마우스 모델에서 폴리에틸레니민 나노입자를 사용하여 신장에 외인성 인공 합성 miRNA 모방체의 전달

microRNAs&#160;(miRNAs), small noncoding RNAs (21-25 bases) that are not translated into proteins, inhibit lots of target messenger RNAs (mRNAs) by ...

Nephrotoxin Microinjection in Zebrafish to Model Acute Kidney Injury

The kidneys are susceptible to harm from exposure to chemicals they filter from the bloodstream. This can lead to organ injury associated with a rapid decline in renal function and development of the clinical syndrome known as acute kidney injury (AKI). Pharmacological agents used to treat medical circumstances ranging from bacterial infection to cancer, when administered individually or in combination with other drugs, can initiate AKI. Zebrafish are a useful animal model to study the chemical effects on renal function in vivo, as they form an embryonic kidney comprised of nephron functional units that are conserved with higher vertebrates, including humans. Further, zebrafish can be utilized to perform genetic and chemical screens, which provide opportunities to elucidate the cellular and molecular facets of AKI and develop therapeutic strategies such as the identification of nephroprotective molecules. Here, we demonstrate how microinjection into the zebrafish embryo can be utilized as a paradigm for nephrotoxin studies.

Renal injuries incurred from nephrotoxins, which include drugs ranging from antibiotics to chemotherapeutics, can result in complex disorders whose pathogenesis remains incompletely understood. This protocol demonstrates how zebrafish can be used for disease modeling of these conditions, which can be applied to the identification of renoprotective measures.

Zebrafish의에서 콩팥 세포 독소 미세 주입은 급성 신장 손상을 모델링하기

The kidneys are susceptible to harm from exposure to chemicals they filter from the bloodstream. This can lead to organ injury associated with a rapid ...

닭 수정체 발달 중 단백질 발현 연구

Microinjection of Recombinant RCAS(A) Retrovirus into Embryonic Chicken Lens

Embryonic chicken (Gallus domesticus) is a well-established animal model for the study of lens development and physiology, given its high degree of similarity with the human lens. RCAS(A) is a replication-competent chicken retrovirus that infects dividing cells, which serves as a powerful tool to study the in situ expression and function of wild-type and mutant proteins during lens development by microinjection into the empty lumen of lens vesicle at early developmental stages, restricting its action to surrounding proliferating lens cells. Compared to other approaches, such as transgenic models and ex vivo cultures, the use of an RCAS(A) replication-competent avian retrovirus provides a highly effective, rapid, and customizable system to express exogenous proteins in chick embryos. Specifically, targeted gene transfer can be confined to proliferative lens fiber cells without the need for tissue-specific promoters. In this article, we will briefly overview the steps needed for recombinant retrovirus RCAS(A) preparation, provide a detailed, comprehensive overview of the microinjection procedure, and provide sample results of the technique.

저자 스포트라이트: Investigating Lens Development and Function Through Microinjection of RCAS(A) Retrovirus in Embryonic Chicken Lens(배아 닭 수정체에서 RCAS(A) 레트로바이러스의 미세주입을 통한 렌즈 발달 및 기능 조사) 

This protocol paper describes the methodology of embryonic chicken lens microinjection of an RCAS(A) retrovirus as a tool for studying in situ function and expression of proteins during lens development.

재조합 RCAS(A) 레트로바이러스를 배아 닭 수정체에 미세주입

Embryonic chicken (Gallus domesticus) is a well-established animal model for the study of lens development and physiology, given its high degree of ...

유체역학 신장 골반 주입은 신장에서 단백질의 비 바이러스 성 표현에 대 한

요약

더 많은 비디오 탐색

이 비디오의 챕터

개발에 미세 주입을 대상으로 기술

급성 신장 상해를 공부하기 위해 Zebrafish 애벌레의 정맥 Microinjections

서 주 신장 조직 세그먼트와 소설 비 계 없는 건설 기술 관

쥐의 신장에 생물의 혈관 배달

경동맥 내 주사

신장 동맥을 통해 신장에 직접 약물 전달

여러 신장 질환 마우스 모델에서 폴리에틸레니민 나노입자를 사용하여 신장에 외인성 인공 합성 miRNA 모방체의 전달

Zebrafish의에서 콩팥 세포 독소 미세 주입은 급성 신장 손상을 모델링하기

재조합 RCAS(A) 레트로바이러스를 배아 닭 수정체에 미세주입

재조합 RCAS(A) 레트로바이러스를 배아 닭 수정체에 미세주입