Name: organotypic culture method to study the development of embryonic chicken tissues
Uploaded: 2018-08-25T12:30:00.000+00:00
Duration: 5 min 12 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Organotypic Culture Method to Study the Development Of Embryonic Chicken Tissues at JoVE.com

Yazarlar protokol gelişiminde ön çalışmaları için Gregory Haller (Mount Saint Vincent Üniversitesi) teşekkür etmek istiyorum. Yazarlar ayrıca onun teknik uzmanlık ve filme ve üretim el yazması ses/görüntü bölümü ile ilgili yardım için Nicholas Jones (Mount Saint Vincent Üniversitesi) teşekkür etmek istiyorum. Daniel Andrews MSVU ve Doğa Bilimleri ve Mühendislik Araştırma Konseyi, Kanada (NSERC) yolu ile bir lisans öğrenci Araştırma Ödülü fon tarafından desteklenmiştir. Tamara A. Franz-Odendaal bir NSERC bulma Grant tarafından desteklenir.

Not: embriyo aşamaları için tablo hazırlama Hamburger ve Hamilton12 (HH) kullanmaktadır.
1. embriyo kuluçka
<ol><li>Steril, ısı kontrollü kuluçka 37 ° C ± 1 ° C ve ~ %40 Nem, döllenmiş tavuk yumurtası kuluçkaya.</li>
	<li>Yumurta 1 çevirmek her gün ve HH34 için kuluçkaya kurmalarına izin (8 gün sonrası döllenme).</li>
</ol>2. hazırlık ve sterilizasyon malzemeleri
<ol><li>12 embriyolar, distile su, % 0,85 piliç salin, 12 Cam pipetler, 1 kutu kağıt mendil, yarı gözenekli filtre kağıdı karelerinin 24 2.5 cm x 2,5 cm ve 24 2.5 cm x 2,5 cm kare çelik tel 1 L, 2 L mesh aşağıya doğru kavisli kenarlar ile basınçlı kap için. Malzemeler, sterilize etmek otoklav 121 ° c en az 15 dakika onları. Not: Malzemelerin ısıyla önceden yapılabilir.</li>
	<li>Kuluçka makinesi ile % 70 etanol yan, raflar ve kapı silerek sterilize. Place 2 plastik kaplar autoclaved içeren distile su içinde nem korumak için kuluçka makinesi. 37 ° C ± 1 ° C ve ~ %40 nem için kültür kuluçka prewarm. Kuluçka makinesi tamamen karanlık olduğundan emin olun; Kapıyı şeffaf ise, folyo ile kapak.</li>
	<li>100 mL besin orta ve 1 mL penisilin kültür kuluçka makinesine koyarak prewarm.</li>
	<li>Bir kağıt havlu ile çalışma alanı kapsayacak ve % 70 etanol ile püskürtülerek tezgah sterilize. Forseps, diseksiyon makası, jilet ve % 70 etanol plastik bir kaşıkla 2 çift benzer bir şekilde sterilize.</li>
	<li>Yer 12 steril 100 mm Petri yemekler ve 24 35 mm Steril Petri yemekler kullanmak için bankta. Bulaşıkları bir steril torba kadar kullanmak kalır emin olun.</li>
</ol>3. embriyo hazırlık
Not: Bu noktadan itibaren kültürler kirletici önlemek için koruyucu toz yüzünü maske takmak. Bir bakteri veya mantar enfeksiyonu kültür berbat olacak ve bunu hızlı bir şekilde kuluçka makinesi bütün kültürlerde yayılan bir risk olduğunu.
<ol><li>Çatlamak yumurta açın ve embriyo %0.85 piliç serum fizyolojik içeren bir 100 mm Petri kabına aktarın. Anatomik özellikleri göre embriyo Hamburger ve yönergeleri12 basamak Hamilton'da açıklanan ve embriyo onaylamak HH34 aşamasıdır.</li>
	<li>Boyun kesme ve steril bir jilet kullanarak orta hat, embriyo Başkanı bisect. Steril forseps kullanarak, beyin kaldırın. Gaga olduğu gibi bırakma.</li>
</ol>4. kültür Kur
<ol><li>35 mm Petri yemekler bir 100 mm Petri kabına içinde yer 2.</li>
	<li>Çelik tel örgü içinde her 35 mm Petri kabına yerleştirin.</li>
	<li>Forseps kullanarak, 1 bisected başkanları 2.5 cm x 2,5 cm yarı gözenekli filtre kağıt parçası için yukarı dönük olacak şekilde göz aktarabilirsiniz. Doku güvenli ve kapalı hafifçe eğerek kayma değil emin olun.</li>
	<li>Forseps kullanarak, dikkatlice göz doku ve filtre kağıdı 1 35 mm Petri yemekler, üst göz dokusuyla yükseltilmiş bir sahne oluşturma çelik tel örgü üstüne koyun.</li>
	<li>4.3 ve diğer yarısı kafa ile 4.4 numaralı adımları yineleyin.</li>
	<li>Filtre kağıdı düzeyine ulaşıncaya kadar steril cam pipet kullanarak dikkatle her 35 mm Petri kabına doğrudan besin orta ekleyin. Besin orta yarım baş daldırın değil.</li>
	<li>10.000 U/mL penisilin-streptomisin 50 µL her Petri kabına besin ortamda ekleyin.</li>
	<li>Doku kağıt küçük bir kare kat ve 100 mm içinde Petri kabına yerleştirin. Autoclaved distile suyla nemlendirin.</li>
	<li>Kültür çanak 4 gün için 37 ° C ± 1 ° C ve ~ %40 Nem, steril, karanlık kuluçka yerleştirin.</li>
	<li>Her embriyo için 3 ve 4 numaralı adımları yineleyin. Not: Embriyo sayısı belirli denemeyi bağlı olacaktır; burada, biz 12 embriyolar için protokol tanımlamak.</li>
</ol>5. kültür bakım
<ol><li>Bir kez günlük, taze, autoclaved distile su ile kuluçka plastik kaplar kontör.</li>
	<li>Günlük tüm kültürler için bakteriyel veya mantar enfeksiyonları kontrol. Bu parçalanmış veya orta rengi değişti kültürler bulaşmış. Bulaşmış bütün kültürler atmak.</li>
</ol>6. fiksasyon
<ol><li>Kültür, aşağıdaki tüm yemekler kuluçka makinesi kaldırabilirsiniz.</li>
	<li>Forseps bir çift kullanarak, doku gözyaşı için dikkat çekici filtre kağıdı--dan göz yavaşça çıkarın.</li>
	<li>Göz doku %4 paraformaldehyde 1 fosfat tamponlu tuz gecede 4 ° C'de x veya % 10 formalin gecede, oda sıcaklığında tarafsız tamponlanmış düzeltin.</li>
	<li>Doku 4 ° C'de 1 fosfat tamponlu tuz x saklayın.</li>
</ol>

<ol>
	<li>Franz-Odendaal, T. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Towards+understanding+the+development+of+scleral+ossicles+in+the+chicken,+Gallus+gallus.">Towards understanding the development of scleral ossicles in the chicken, Gallus gallus.</a> Developmental Dynamics. 237 (11), 3240-3251 (2008).</li><li>Scholey, J. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Functions+of+motor+proteins+in+echinoderm+embryos:+an+argument+in+support+of+antibody+inhibition+experiments.">Functions of motor proteins in echinoderm embryos: an argument in support of antibody inhibition experiments.</a> Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton. 39 (4), 257-260 (1998).</li><li>Horakova, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effect+of+FGFR+inhibitors+on+chicken+limb+development.">Effect of FGFR inhibitors on chicken limb development.</a> Development, Growth &amp; Differentiation. 56 (8), 555-572 (2014).</li><li>Gerlach, G. F., Morales, E. E., Wingert, R. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Microbead+Implantation+in+the+Zebrafish+Embryo.">Microbead Implantation in the Zebrafish Embryo.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. (101), e52943 (2015).</li><li>Luz-Madrigal, A., Grajales-Esquivel, E., Del Rio-Tsonis, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Electroporation+of+Embryonic+Chick+Eyes.">Electroporation of Embryonic Chick Eyes.</a> Bio-protocol. 5 (12), e1498 (2015).</li><li>Roach, H. I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Long-term+organ+culture+of+embryonic+chick+femora:+a+system+for+investigating+bone+and+cartilage+formation+at+an+intermediate+level+of+organization.">Long-term organ culture of embryonic chick femora: a system for investigating bone and cartilage formation at an intermediate level of organization.</a> Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. 5 (1), 85-100 (1990).</li><li>Jung, H. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Local+inhibitory+action+of+BMPs+and+their+relationships+with+activators+in+feather+formation:+implications+for+periodic+patterning.">Local inhibitory action of BMPs and their relationships with activators in feather formation: implications for periodic patterning.</a> Developmental Biology. 196 (1), 11-23 (1998).</li><li>McKinnell, I. W., Turmaine, M., Patel, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sonic+Hedgehog+functions+by+localizing+the+region+of+proliferation+in+early+developing+feather+buds.">Sonic Hedgehog functions by localizing the region of proliferation in early developing feather buds.</a> Developmental Biology. 272 (1), 76-88 (2004).</li><li>Smith, E. L., Kanczler, J. M., Oreffo, R. O. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+new+take+on+an+old+story:+chick+limb+organ+culture+for+skeletal+niche+development+and+regenerative+medicine+evaluation.">A new take on an old story: chick limb organ culture for skeletal niche development and regenerative medicine evaluation.</a> European Cells &amp; Materials. 26, 91-106 (2013).</li><li>Sato, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+Vitro+Spermatogenesis+in+Explanted+Adult+Mouse+Testis+Tissues.">In Vitro Spermatogenesis in Explanted Adult Mouse Testis Tissues.</a> PLoS One. 10 (6), e0130171 (2015).</li><li>Ochoa-Villarreal, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Plant+cell+culture+strategies+for+the+production+of+natural+products.">Plant cell culture strategies for the production of natural products.</a> BMB Reports. 49 (3), 149-158 (2016).</li><li>Hamburger, V., Hamilton, H. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+series+of+normal+stages+in+the+development+of+the+chick+embryo.">A series of normal stages in the development of the chick embryo.</a> Journal of Morphology. 88 (1), 49-92 (1951).</li><li>Yu, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+developmental+biology+of+feather+follicles.">The developmental biology of feather follicles.</a> The International Journal of Developmental Biology. 48, 181-191 (2004).</li><li>Jabalee, J., Hillier, S., Franz-Odendaal, T. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+investigation+of+cellular+dynamics+during+the+development+of+intramembranous+bones:+the+scleral+ossicles.">An investigation of cellular dynamics during the development of intramembranous bones: the scleral ossicles.</a> Journal of Anatomy. 223 (4), 311-320 (2013).</li><li>Trowell, O. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+culture+of+mature+organs+in+a+synthetic+medium.">The culture of mature organs in a synthetic medium.</a> Experimental Cell Research. 16 (1), 118-147 (1959).</li><li>Pinto, C. B., Hall, B. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Toward+an+understanding+of+the+epithelial+requirement+for+osteogenesis+in+scleral+mesenchyme+of+the+embryonic+chick.">Toward an understanding of the epithelial requirement for osteogenesis in scleral mesenchyme of the embryonic chick.</a> Journal of Experimental Zoology. 259 (1), 92-108 (1991).</li><li>Mbiene, J. P., MacCallum, D. K., Mistretta, C. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Organ+cultures+of+embryonic+rat+tongue+support+tongue+and+gustatory+papilla+morphogenesis+in+vitro+without+intact+sensory+ganglia.">Organ cultures of embryonic rat tongue support tongue and gustatory papilla morphogenesis in vitro without intact sensory ganglia.</a> Journal of Comparative Neurology. 377 (3), 324-340 (1997).</li><li>Cloney, K., Franz-Odendaal, T. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Optimized+ex-ovo+culturing+of+chick+embryos+to+advanced+stages+of+development.">Optimized ex-ovo culturing of chick embryos to advanced stages of development.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. (95), e52129 (2015).</li><li>Korn, M. J., Cramer, K. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Windowing+chicken+eggs+for+developmental+studies.">Windowing chicken eggs for developmental studies.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. (8), e306 (2007).</li></ol>

Yazarlar ifşa gerek yok.

Bu iletişim kuralı bir tavuk gözünden embriyonik gün 8 (HH34) büyüme elde etmek için kurulan doku kültürü teknikleri kullanır vitro 4 gün için. Bu kılavuz kültür Yöntem aslında Trowell15tarafından tanımlanmıştır. Biz en iyi duruma getirilmiş bir protokol kullanan embriyonik tavuk göz15ayrı doku katmanları arasında endüktif sinyalleri çalışma için kılavuz ile yarı geçirgen bir zar olan Pinto ve Hall'ın 1991 çalışma<sup class=...

Embriyonik tavuk (Gallus gallus) biyoloji alanında yaygın olarak kullanılan bir mükemmel model organizmadır. Kuluçka süresinin yaklaşık 21 gün olduğunu ve birçok yumurta aynı anda, hızlı ve verimli deneme yapma inkübe. Belki de en önemlisi, embriyo da kolaylıkla, yoğun çalışma temel gelişimsel süreçleri ve genler ve proteinler bu işlemler sürücü etkinleştirme yönetilebilir.
Embriyonik tavuk göz üzerinden farklı dokuların birçok diğer vücut sistemleri için benzer bir dizi etkileşim gelişir karmaşık bir organdır. Bu yöntem, gelişmiş gelişim aşamasında özellikle bu dokuların gelişimi çalışma sağlar. Örneğin, çok katmanlı retina sinir sisteminin gelişimi eğitim görenler için özel ilgi olabilir. Kornea, vitreal vücut, objektif, sklera ve göz kapakları gibi diğer göz dokuların çalışma alternatif yöntemleri araştırmacılar yararı vardır. Tavuk embriyonik göz de düz kemikleri, Intramembranous kemik indüksiyon ve ossifikasyon omurgalılar1çalışma için bir model olarak kullanılan scleral kemikçiklerdeki bir dizi içerir.
Şu anda, embriyonik geliştirme eğitim için kullanılan bir yöntem vardır. İnhibitör antikorlar veya diğer inhibitör molekülleri2,3, microinjections cerrahi olarak inhibitörü4' te batırılmış lastikteki implante ve adım5 tümleyici genler için kullanılabilir tüm yöntem vardır ya da bir embriyo ilgi proteinler. Benzer yöntemleri upregulate proteinler için kullanılır. Bu yöntemleri sınırlamaları değildir. Örneğin, kimyasallar embriyonik gelişim alter için kullanıldığında, embriyo üzerinde ölümcül etkileri değerlendirilecek gerekir ve bu uygulamanın, Beka sağlamak için düşük dozda yerelleştirilmiş sitelere yukarıda belirtilen yöntemlerden kısıtlar embriyo.
Vitro doku kültürü organizmalar geniş bir geliştirme eğitim için kullanılan ve bazı yukarıda belirtilen sınırlamaları bypass için kullanılabilir. Örneğin, femora6, tüy tomurcukları7,8ve bacaklarda9 tavuk tüm doku kültürü yöntemleri, fare10 ve kökleri testis ve köklerini bitkiler11olarak kullanarak incelenmiştir. Bu yöntemler bilim adamları yüksek derecede sıcaklık dalgalanma ve besin durumu değiştirme yeteneği gibi doku geliştirme üzerinde kontrol vermek. Bütün embriyo dokudan yalıtım da böylece düzenleme çalışmaları daha yüksek konsantrasyonlarda küresel ölçekte etkinleştirme kimyasalların ölümcül etkileri çok daha az duyarlı kolaylaştırır. Vitro kültürü bir diğer önemli avantajı doku'nın hücresel ortamı korunması olduğunu; dokuların düzenleme farklı doku türlerine9arasındaki etkileşimler çalışma edinerek nispeten değişmeden kalır. Böylece, deneysel açılır kapılar için ek kültür vitro değil vivo içinde veya ovo içinde modelleri mevcuttur yaklaşıyor.
Şu anda, kimyasallar kullanarak embriyonik tavuk göz gelişimi eğitimi özellikle meydan okuyor. Bir dizi extraembryonic membranlar lastikteki veya kimyasal uygulamak üzere embriyo, kapak; o zaten zor bir yöntem daha da zorlaştıran, büyüdükçe embriyo Ayrıca yumurta içinde çok aktif. Bu iletişim kuralı göz ve aynı zamanda göz içinde gelişim süreçlerini incelemek için yeni fırsatlar sağlarken bu engelleri ortadan kaldırarak onun çevre dokular kolay erişim sağlar. Bu iletişim kuralı embriyonik göz içinde scleral kemikçiklerdeki indüksiyon çalışmaya kurulmuştur.

<table><tbody><tr><td>35 mm cell culture petri dishes</td><td>Corning</td><td>353001</td><td>easy grip tissue culture dish, polystyrene, non-pyrogenic</td></tr><tr><td>100 mm cell culture petri dishes</td><td>Corning</td><td>353003</td><td>tissue culture dish, polystyrene, non-pyrogenic</td></tr><tr><td>paper tissue</td><td>Kimtech</td><td>34155</td><td>Kimtech Science Brand Task Wipers, 280 per carton</td></tr><tr><td>wire mesh</td><td>n/a</td><td>n/a</td><td>stainless steel wire mesh (grid size 0.7 mm)</td></tr><tr><td>disposable glass pipettes</td><td>VWR</td><td>14673-010</td><td>Borosilicate glass disposable 5 3/4&quot;</td></tr><tr><td>nutrient medium</td><td>Gibco</td><td>12591-038</td><td>Fitton-Jackson Modification, [+] L-glutamine with phenol red (BGJB)</td></tr><tr><td>penicillin-streptomycin</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>P4458</td><td>10000 units/mL penicillin streptomycin solution stabilised</td></tr><tr><td>filter paper</td><td>Whatman</td><td>1454 090</td><td>semi-porous filter paper 90mm</td></tr><tr><td>fertilized chicken eggs</td><td>Dalhousie University Agricultural College</td><td>n/a</td><td>can be obtained from local farms</td></tr><tr><td>sodium chloride (NaCl)</td><td>EMD</td><td>SX0420-3</td><td>sodium chloride crystals, reagent grade</td></tr><tr><td>1 L glass bottle</td><td>VWR</td><td>89000-240</td><td>1 L pyrex autoclavable glass bottle</td></tr><tr><td>ethanol</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>BP82011</td><td>70% molecular biology grade</td></tr><tr><td>tupperware containers</td><td>n/a</td><td>n/a</td><td>store-bought and sterilized with EtOH</td></tr><tr><td>disposable razor blades</td><td>VWR</td><td>55411-050</td><td>single edge industrial razor blades (surgical carbon steel)</td></tr><tr><td>plastic spoons</td><td>n/a</td><td>n/a</td><td>store-bought and sterilized with EtOH</td></tr><tr><td>dust mask</td><td>3M</td><td>n/a</td><td>3M 8500 Comfort Mask</td></tr><tr><td>paraformaldehyde</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>P6148</td><td>paraformaldehyde, reagent grade, crystalline</td></tr><tr><td>neutral-buffered formalin</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>72210</td><td>10% neutral buffered formalin</td></tr><tr><td>phosphate buffered saline (PBS)</td><td>n/a</td><td>n/a</td><td>10X phosphate buffered saline pH 7.4 (137mM NaCl, 2.5mM KCl, 4.3mM Na&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;HPO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;, 1.4mM KH&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;PO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;)</td></tr><tr><td>15 ml falcon tubes</td><td>VWR</td><td>21008-216</td><td>presterilized centrifuge tubes</td></tr><tr><td>forceps</td><td>FST</td><td>n/a</td><td>fine forceps</td></tr><tr><td>chick saline&amp;nbsp;</td><td>n/a</td><td>n/a&amp;nbsp;</td><td>0.85% NaCl</td></tr><tr><td>tinfoil</td><td>n/a</td><td>n/a</td><td>store-bought</td></tr><tr><td>paper towel</td><td>n/a</td><td>n/a</td><td>store-bought</td></tr></tbody></table>

organotypic culture method to study the development of embryonic chicken tissues

Embriyonik tavuk genellikle omurgalı geliştirme için bir güvenilir model organizma kullanılır. Onun erişilebilirlik ve kısa kuluçka dönemi yapar deneme için ideal. Şu anda, tavuk embriyo gelişimsel bu yollar çalışmanın inhibitörleri ve uyuşturucu yerelleştirilmiş sitelerde ve çeşitli yöntemler kullanarak düşük konsantrasyonlarda uygulayarak yapılır. Vitro doku kültürü, konak organizmanın aynı anda birçok fiziksel sınırlamalar mevcut embriyolar için duyarlılık gibi bütün embriyo ile çalışırken atlayarak sırasında ayrılmış dokuların çalışma sağlayan bir tekniktir ölümcül kimyasal yüksek dozda. Burada, kültür gelişimsel süreçleri ötesinde şu anda kurulan yöntemleri incelenmesi için yeni fırsatlar sunan embriyonik tavuk yarım baş vitro, kültür için protokol bir organotypic mevcut.

Bu yöntemi kullanarak, embriyonik tavuk gözün gelişimi (HH34) 8 günün vitro 4 gündür kültürlü. Dört gün içinde ovo gelişimi için HH38 karşılık gelir.
Bu kodlamayla Yöntem geliştirme tüy tomurcukları göz çevreleyen ve göz kapakları (Şekil 1B) destekler. Bu tüy tüy bud geliştirme kodlamayla döneminde başlatılan ovo içinde1...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Organotypic Culture Method to Study the Development Of Embryonic Chicken Tissues at JoVE.com

Organotypic Culture Method to Study the Development Of Embryonic Chicken Tissues

Embriyonik tavuk doku gelişimi çalışmaya Organotypic kültür yöntemi

Burada, embriyonik tavuk organları büyümeye Protokolü kültür bir organotypic mevcut tüp bebek. Bu yöntemi kullanarak, embriyonik tavuk doku gelişimi, kültür ortamı üzerinde kontrol yüksek derecede korunarak okudu.

The embryonic chicken is commonly used as a reliable model organism for vertebrate development. Its accessibility and short incubation period makes it ...

organotypic-culture-method-to-study-development-embryonic-chicken

Research

JoVE Journal

Developmental Biology

5.9K Görüntüleme.  Mount Saint Vincent University. Burada, embriyonik tavuk organları büyümeye Protokolü kültür bir organotypic mevcut tüp bebek. Bu yöntemi kullanarak, embriyonik tavuk doku gelişimi, kültür ortamı üzerinde kontrol yüksek derecede korunarak okudu.

Video: Organotypic Culture Method to Study the Development Of Embryonic Chicken Tissues

Optimized Ex-ovo Culturing of Chick Embryos to Advanced Stages of Development

Research in anatomy, embryology, and developmental biology has largely relied on the use of model organisms. In order to study development in live embryos model organisms, such as the chicken, are often used. The chicken is an excellent model organism due to its low cost and minimal maintenance, however they present observational challenges because they are enclosed in an opaque eggshell. In order to properly view the embryo as it develops, the shell must be windowed or removed. Both windowing and ex ovo techniques have been developed to assist researchers in the study of embryonic development. However, each of the methods has limitations and challenges. Here, we present a simple, optimized ex ovo culture technique for chicken embryos that enables the observation of embryonic development from stage HH 19 into late stages of development (HH 40), when many organs have developed. This technique is easy to adopt in both undergraduate classes and more advanced research laboratories where embryo manipulations are conducted.

Optimized Ex-ovo Culturing of Chick Embryos to Advanced Stages of Development

Viewing and accessing the chicken embryo during development can be challenging. We have developed an ex ovo method that is simple, cost effective, and can easily be used in a classroom or research setting. This method provides access to the embryo into late stages of embryonic development (HH 40).

Optimize<em&gt; Ex-ovo</em&gt; Kalkınma Gelişmiş Aşamaları Chick Embriyolar ekimi

Research in anatomy, embryology, and developmental biology has largely relied on the use of model organisms. In order to study development in live embryos ...

Gelişim Biyolojisi

A Submerged Filter Paper Sandwich for Long-term Ex Ovo Time-lapse Imaging of Early Chick Embryos

Due to its availability, low cost, flat geometry, and transparency, the ex ovo chick embryo has become a major vertebrate animal model for the study of morphogenetic events, such as gastrulation2, neurulation3-5, somitogenesis6, heart bending7,8, and brain formation9-13, during early embryogenesis. Key to understanding morphogenetic processes is to follow them dynamically by time-lapse imaging. The acquisition of time-lapse movies of chick embryogenesis ex ovo has been limited either to short time windows or to the need for an incubator to control temperature and humidity around the embryo14. Here, we present a new technique to culture chick embryos ex ovo for high-resolution time-lapse imaging using transmitted light microscopy. The submerged filter paper sandwich is a variant of the well-established filter paper carrier technique (EC-culture)1 and allows for the culturing of chick embryos without the need for a climate chamber. The embryo is sandwiched between two identical filter paper carriers and is kept fully submerged in a simple, temperature-controlled medium covered by a layer of light mineral oil. Starting from the primitive streak stage (Hamburger-Hamilton stage 5, HH5)15 up to at least the 28-somite stage (HH16)15, embryos can be cultured with either their ventral or dorsal side up. This allows the acquisition of time-lapse movies covering about 30 hr of embryonic development. Representative time-lapse frames and movies are shown. Embryos are compared morphologically to an embryo cultured in the standard EC-culture.
The submerged filter paper sandwich provides a stable environment to study early dorsal and ventral morphogenetic processes. It also allows for live fluorescence imaging and micromanipulations, such as microsurgery, bead implantation, microinjection, gene silencing, and electroporation, and has a strong potential to be combined with immersion objectives for laser-based imaging (including light-sheet microscopy).

A Submerged Filter Paper Sandwich for Long-term Ex Ovo Time-lapse Imaging of Early Chick Embryos

Here, we present a new technique to culture chick embryos ex ovo for time-lapse imaging using transmitted light and fluorescence microscopy. The submerged filter paper sandwich is a variant of the well-established filter paper carrier technique1 that allows for the culturing of chick embryos fully-submerged in a liquid culture medium.

Uzun vadede bir Batık Filtre Kağıdı Sandviç<em&gt; Ex Ovo</emErken Civciv Embriyolar&gt; Time-lapse Görüntüleme

Due to its availability, low cost, flat geometry, and transparency, the ex ovo chick embryo has become a major vertebrate animal model for the study of ...

Method for Culture of Early Chick Embryos ex vivo (New Culture)

The chick embryo is a valuable tool in the study of early embryonic development. Its transparency, accessibility and ease of manipulation, make it an ideal tool for studying  the formation and patterning of brain, neural tube, somite and heart primordia. Applications of chick embryo culture include electroporation of DNA or RNA constructs in order to analyze gene function, grafts of growth factor coated beads such as FGFs and BMPs , as well as whole mount in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. This video demonstrates the different steps in chick embryo culture; First, the embryo is explanted in saline. Then, the embryo is centered on a glass ring. The membranes surrounding the embryo are lifted along the walls of the ring. The ring is then placed in a culture dish containing a pool of albumine. The culture dish is sealed and placed in a humid chamber, where the embryo is cultured for up to 24 hrs. Finally, the embryo is removed from the ring, fixed and processed for further applications. A troubleshooting guide is also presented.

Method for Culture of Early Chick Embryos ex vivo New Culture

This video demonstrates New culture, a method by which chick embryos are cultured outside the egg for up to 24 hr. This method enables one to study early development (primitive streak to 14 som.), a period corresponding to E7-9 in mouse. Applications of this technique include electroporation, in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry.

Erken Civciv Embriyolar ex vivo (Kültür) Kültür Yöntemi

The chick embryo is a valuable tool in the study of early embryonic development. Its transparency, accessibility and ease of manipulation, make it an ...

Biyoloji

Two-step Approach to Explore Early- and Late-stages of Organ Formation in the Avian Model: The Thymus and Parathyroid Glands Organogenesis Paradigm

The avian embryo, as an experimental model, has been of utmost importance for seminal discoveries in developmental biology. Among several approaches, the formation of quail-chicken chimeras and the use of the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) to sustain the development of ectopic tissues date back to the last century. Nowadays, the combination of these classical techniques with recent in vitro methodologies offers novel prospects to further explore organ formation.
Here we describe a two-step approach to study early- and late-stages of organogenesis. Briefly, the embryonic region containing the presumptive territory of the organ is isolated from quail embryos and grown in vitro in an organotypic system (up to 48 h). Cultured tissues are subsequently grafted onto the CAM of a chicken embryo. After 10 days of in ovo development, fully formed organs are obtained from grafted tissues. This method also allows the modulation of signaling pathways by the regular administration of pharmacological agents and tissue genetic manipulation throughout in vitro and in ovo developmental steps. Additionally, developing tissues can be collected at any time-window to analyze their gene-expression profile (using quantitative PCR (qPCR), microarrays, etc.) and morphology (assessed with conventional histology and immunochemistry).
The described experimental procedure can be used as a tool to follow organ formation outside the avian embryo, from the early stages of organogenesis to fully formed and functional organs.

This article provides an updated approach to the classical quail-chicken chimera system to study organ formation, by combining novel in vitro and in ovo experimental procedures.

İlk - ve geç-aşamalarında Organ oluşumu kuş modelindeki keşfetmek için iki adımlı yaklaşım: timus ve paratiroid bezleri Organogenesis paradigma

The avian embryo, as an experimental model, has been of utmost importance for seminal discoveries in developmental biology. Among several approaches, the ...

Chicken Embryo Spinal Cord Slice Culture Protocol

Slice cultures can facilitate the manipulation of embryo development both pharmacologically and through gene manipulations. In this reduced system, potential lethal side effects due to systemic drug applications can be overcome. However, culture conditions must ensure that normal development proceeds within the reduced environment of the slice. We have focused on the development of the spinal cord, particularly that of spinal motor neurons. We systematically varied culture conditions of chicken embryo slices from the point at which most spinal motor neurons had been born. We assayed the number and type of motor neurons that survived during the culture period and the position of those motor neurons compared to that in vivo. We found that serum type and neurotrophic factors were required during the culture period and were able to keep motor neurons alive for at least 24 hr and allow those motor neurons to migrate to appropriate positions in the spinal cord. We present these culture conditions and the methodology of preparing the embryo slice cultures using eviscerated chicken embryos embedded in agarose and sliced using a vibratome.

Slice cultures facilitate the manipulation of embryo development by gene and pharmacological perturbations. However, culture conditions must ensure that normal development can proceed within the reduced environment of the slice. We illustrate a protocol that facilitates normal spinal cord development to proceed for at least 24 hr.

Tavuk embriyo Omurilik Dilim Kültür Protokolü

Slice cultures can facilitate the manipulation of  embryo development both pharmacologically and through gene manipulations. In  this reduced system, ...

Nörobilim

Isolation of Embryonic Tissues and Formation of Quail-Chicken Chimeric Organs Using The Thymus Example

The capacity to isolate embryonic tissues was an essential step for establishing the quail-chicken chimera system, which in turn has provided undisputed contributions to unveiling key processes in developmental biology.
Herein is described an optimized method to isolate embryonic tissues from quail and chickens by microsurgery and enzymatic digestion while preserving its biological properties. After isolation, tissues from both species are associated in an in vitro organotypic assay for 48 h. Quail and chicken tissues can be discriminated by distinct nuclear features and molecular markers allowing the study of the cellular cross-talk between heterospecific association of tissues. This approach is, therefore, a useful tool for studying complex tissue interactions in developmental processes with highly dynamic spatial modifications, such as those occurring during pharyngeal morphogenesis and the formation of the foregut endoderm-derived organs. This experimental approach was first developed to study the epithelial-mesenchymal interactions during early-stages of thymus formation. In this, the endoderm-derived prospective thymic rudiment and mesoderm-derived mesenchyme, were isolated from quail and chicken embryos, respectively.
The capacity of the associated tissues to generate organs can be further tested by grafting them onto the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of a chicken embryo. The CAM provides nutrients and allows gas exchanges to the explanted tissues. After 10 days of in ovo development, the chimeric organs can be analyzed in the harvested explants by conventional morphological methods. This procedure also allows studying tissue-specific contributions during organ formation, from its initial development (in vitro development) to the final stages of organogenesis (in ovo development).
Finally, the improved isolation method also provides three-dimensionally (3D) preserved embryonic tissues, that can also be used for high-resolution topographical analysis of tissue-specific gene-expression patterns.

This article provides a method to isolate pure embryonic tissues from quail and chicken embryos that can be combined to form ex vivo chimeric organs.

Yalıtım embriyonik doku ve timus örnek kullanarak bıldırcın-tavuk Chimeric organ oluşumu

The capacity to isolate embryonic tissues was an essential step for establishing the quail-chicken chimera system, which in turn has provided undisputed ...

An ex-ovo Chicken Embryo Culture System Suitable for Imaging and Microsurgery Applications

Understanding the relationships between genetic and microenvironmental factors that drive normal and malformed embryonic development is fundamental for discovering new therapeutic strategies. Advancements in imaging technology have enabled quantitative investigation of the organization and maturing of the body plan, but later stage embryonic morphogenesis is less clear. Chicken embryos are an attractive vertebrate animal model system for this application because of its ease of culture and surgical manipulation. Early embryos can be cultured for a short time on filter paper rings, which enables complete optical access for cell patterning and fate studies1,2. Studying advanced developmental processes such as cardiac morphogenesis are traditionally performed through a window of the eggshell3-5, but this technique limits optical access due to window size. We previously developed a simple method to culture whole embryos ex-ovo on hexagonal weigh boats for up to 10 days, which enabled high resolution imaging via ultrasonography6,7. These cultures were difficult to transport, limiting the types of imaging tools available for live experiments. We here present an improved shell-less culture system with a cost-effective, portable environmental chamber. Eggs were cracked onto a hammock created by a polyurethane membrane (cling wrap) affixed circumferentially to a plastic cup partially filled with sterile water. The dimensions of the circumference and depth of the hammock were both critical to maintain surface tension, while the mechanics of the hammock and water beneath helped dampen vibrations induced by transportation. A small footprint circulating water bath was also developed to enable continuous temperature control during experimentation. We demonstrate the ability to culture embryos in this way for at least 14 days without morphogenic defect or delay and employ this system in several microsurgical and imaging applications.

An ex-ovo Chicken Embryo Culture System Suitable for Imaging and Microsurgery Applications

In this article, we present a simple methodology to enable long-term ex-ovo avian embryo culture. This technique is ideal for longitudinal experimentation requiring complete optical accessibility and/or sterile transportation in avian embryos.

Bir Eski-ovo</emGörüntüleme ve Mikrocerrahi Uygulamaları için uygundur> Tavuk Embriyo Kültürü Sistemi

Understanding the relationships between genetic and microenvironmental factors that drive normal and malformed embryonic development is fundamental for ...

Analysis of Cell Differentiation, Morphogenesis, and Patterning During Chicken Embryogenesis Using the Soaked-Bead Assay

A multitude of genetic programs is activated during embryonic development that orchestrates cell differentiation to generate an astounding diversity of somatic cells, tissues, and organs. The precise activation of these genetic programs is regulated by morphogens, diffusible molecules that direct cell fate at different thresholds. Understanding how genetic activation coordinates morphogenesis requires the study of local interactions triggered by morphogens during development. The use of beads soaked in proteins or drugs implanted into distinct regions of the embryo enables studying the role of specific molecules in the establishment of digits and other developmental processes. This experimental technique provides information on the control of cell induction, cell fate, and pattern formation. Thus, this soaked bead assay is an extremely powerful and valuable experimental tool applicable to other embryonic models.

The soaked bead assay involves targeted delivery of test reagent at any developmental time point to study the regulation of cell differentiation and morphogenesis. A detailed protocol, applicable to any experimental animal model, for preparing three different types of soaked beads and implanting these in the interdigit of a chicken embryo is presented.

Islatılmış Boncuk Tahlili Kullanılarak Tavuk Embriyogenezi Sırasında Hücre Farklılaşması, Morfogenez ve Desenleme Analizi

A multitude of genetic programs is activated during embryonic development that orchestrates cell differentiation to generate an astounding diversity of ...

Avian Embryonic Skin Explant Kültür Protokollerinin Kapsamlı Bir Derlemesi

Using Avian Skin Explants to Study Tissue Patterning and Organogenesis

The developing avian skin during embryogenesis is a unique model that can provide valuable insights into tissue patterning. Here three variations on skin explant cultures to examine different aspects of skin development are described. First, ex vivo organ cultures and manipulations offer researchers opportunities to observe and study the development of feather buds directly. Skin explant culture can grow for 7 days enabling direct analysis of cellular behavior and 4D imaging at intervals during this growth period. This also allows for physical and molecular manipulations of culture conditions to visualize tissue response. For example, growth factor-coated beads can be applied locally to induce changes in feather patterning in a limited area. Alternatively, viral transduction can be delivered globally in the culture media to up or downregulate gene expression. Second, the skin recombination protocol allows researchers to investigate tissue interactions between the epidermis and mesenchyme that are derived from different skin regions, different life stages, or different species. This affords an opportunity to test the time window in which the epithelium is competent to respond to signals and its ability to form different skin appendages in response to signals from different mesenchymal sources. Third, skin reconstitution using dissociated dermal cells overlaid with intact epithelium resets skin development and enables the study of the initial processes of periodic patterning. This approach also enhances our ability to manipulate gene expression among the dissociated cells before creating the reconstituted skin explant. This paper provides the three culture protocols and exemplary experiments to demonstrate their utility.

Yazar Spotlight: Mevcut Deneysel Kuş Derisi Eksplant Metodolojilerine İlişkin Bakış

Here we describe protocols for three types of avian embryonic skin explant cultures that can be used to examine tissue interactions, 4D imaging timelapse movie (3D plus time), global or local perturbation of molecular function, and systems biology characterization.

Doku Desenini ve Organogenezi İncelemek için Kuş Derisi Eksplantlarının Kullanılması

The developing avian skin during embryogenesis is a unique model that can provide valuable insights into tissue patterning. Here three variations on skin ...

Embriyonik tavuk doku gelişimi çalışmaya Organotypic kültür yöntemi

Özet

Daha Fazla Video Keşfet

Bu videodaki bölümler

Optimize

Uzun vadede bir Batık Filtre Kağıdı Sandviç

Erken Civciv Embriyolar ex vivo (Kültür) Kültür Yöntemi

İlk - ve geç-aşamalarında Organ oluşumu kuş modelindeki keşfetmek için iki adımlı yaklaşım: timus ve paratiroid bezleri Organogenesis paradigma

Tavuk embriyo Omurilik Dilim Kültür Protokolü

Yalıtım embriyonik doku ve timus örnek kullanarak bıldırcın-tavuk Chimeric organ oluşumu

Bir Eski-ovo Tavuk Embriyo Kültürü Sistemi

Islatılmış Boncuk Tahlili Kullanılarak Tavuk Embriyogenezi Sırasında Hücre Farklılaşması, Morfogenez ve Desenleme Analizi

Doku Desenini ve Organogenezi İncelemek için Kuş Derisi Eksplantlarının Kullanılması

Doku Desenini ve Organogenezi İncelemek için Kuş Derisi Eksplantlarının Kullanılması