Bu malzeme temel bilim araştırma programı aracılığıyla Ulusal Araştırma Vakfı, Kore (Bilim Bakanlığı, ICT ve gelecek planlama (NMK-2017R1A2B4008053) ve Ticaret Bakanlığı, sanayi ve enerji (tarafından finanse edilen NMG) tarafından desteklenen çalışma dayanır MOTIE, Kore) Endüstriyel teknoloji yenilik Program No 10052802 ve teknoloji (KIAT) teşvik programı aracılığıyla ilerleme ekonomik işbirliği bölgesi (N0002310) Sanayi için Kore Enstitüsü altında.

1. bir AAO filtresi (Şekil 1) kullanarak Nano-küçük Multiscale yapısı yüzey imalatı
<ol><li>Gözenek boyutu, yükseklik ve 200 nm, 60 µm ve 25 mm, çapı bir AAO filtresiyle sırasıyla satın alabilirsiniz.</li>
	<li>1.2. 5 min için % 99.8 ve izopropil alkol (IPA) % 99.9 ile aseton kullanmak üzere 100 mikron kalınlığında sahip polietilen tereftalat (PET) film yüzeyini temizlemek ve 3 dk bir hava silah kullanarak tamamen kuru.</li>
	<li>Evde beslenen hayvan film kirletici madde olmadan düz bir yüzeye yerleştirin ve UV tedavi edilebilir poliüretan-akrilat (PUA) bir 0.1 mL damla eklemek-reçine bir viskozite yüzeyine 257.4 CPS ile yazın.</li>
	<li>AAO filtre bağlı yerleştirin ve düzgün, kauçuk silindir çapı 32 mm kullanarak basın. Silindir art arda ve dikkatle ne zaman acele basılması gerekir bu yüzden reçine yayılmasını görsel olarak doğrulanır. Dikkat: AAO filtre kırılgan ve aşırı güç uygulanırsa zarar.</li>
	<li>Sonra haddeleme, UV ışık dalga boyu 365 ile evde beslenen hayvan ve AAO filtre (reçine kullanarak ekli) ile yapılan numune maruz 30 nm reçine tedavi için s.</li>
	<li>Filtre çözülmeye tedavi numune 100 mL 2 M NaOH çözeltisi 10 dk içinde bırakın. Not: SEM görüntüleri göstermek kesit ve yüzey yapısı (Şekil 2).</li>
	<li>Numune DI su ile temizlik, sonra bir hava silah kullanarak 3 dakikadır kurumasını. Not: EDX analiz doğruladı Na ve Al algılanamadı ve tamamen edildi (Şekil 3) kazınmış.</li>
</ol>2. yüzey işlemleri
<ol><li>UV Ozon tedavisi</li>
	<li>Örnek 5 min için IPA ve DI su kullanarak nano-mikro multiscale yapılar ile temizlik, sonra bir hava silah 3 dakikadır kullanarak kuru.</li>
	<li>Numune (yan multiscale yapıları ile) multiscale yapıların tarafında ışınlatayım 60 dk için UV ışınları (185-254 nm dalga boyları) kullanarak. Not: UV Ozon cihazları 25 mW/cm2bir şiddeti vardır.</li>
	<li>Octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) kendinden montajlı</li>
	<li>Torpido içinde sıcak bir tabak yerleştirin ve bir buhar biriktirme işlemi için bir N2 ortamı korumak.</li>
	<li>Numune kenarına bir cam ya da yapışkan bant kullanarak düz plaka üzerinde düzeltmek. Cam veya plaka boyutunu bir ölçek (ile 8 mm çapında ve 13 mm yükseklik) üst kapsayacak kadar büyük olduğundan emin olun.</li>
	<li>Kabı sıcak plaka ile 5 "x 7" yerleştirin ve bir pipet kullanarak kabı 2 mL OTS çözeltisi ekleyin.</li>
	<li>Cam kabı kapağı veya numune kabı aşağı doğru bakan ile görülen, plaka.</li>
	<li>60 dk 100 ° C, o zaman kaldır torpido örneği az işlemde. Not: kabı ve torpido OTS-kaplama işleminden sonra temizlenmesi gerekir.</li>
</ol>3. Yağlama maddeleri enjekte edilerek işlevsel yüzey imalatı
<ol><li>Yaklaşık 0.2 mL mevduat perfluorocarbon (PFC) sıvı OTS kaplı üzerine nanofiber derleme kendi kendine toplanan.</li>
	<li>Bir optik mikroskobu ile bir objektif lens kullanarak X-20 X 5 PFC ıslatma sürecinin gözlemlemek.</li>
	<li>Aşırı PFC sıvı örnekleri dikey konumda bir kaç saatliğine yerleştirerek kaldırın.</li>
</ol>

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Yazarlar ifşa rakip hiçbir mali ilgi alanlarına sahip.

Kendi kendine toplanan nanofiber montaj imalatı anahtar adımda kırılgan AAO filtre reçine kauçuk silindirler ile uygularken kesilmez sağlamaktır. Aslında, AAO filtre gravür adım önce herhangi bir noktada kesilmez sağlanmış. AAO filtre çapı 25 mm, belgili tanımlık substrate boyutunu yaklaşık 30 x 30 mm çünkü.
Kendi kendine toplanan nanofiber derleme uygun yüzey işlem aracılığıyla çeşitli fonksiyonel yüzeylerin sağlamamıza olanak tanır. Basma sonra birincil yüzey hidrofilik, ama değiştirilebilir ve UV Ozon tedavisi ve yüzey enerji değişikliği için OTS kaplama sonra tabi tarafından hidrofobik hale. Ayrıca, önerilen multiscale gözenekli yapıları sıvı yağ-infüzyon süreci ile kaygan bir yüzeye dönüştürülebilir.
Nano-mikro multiscale yapıları ile yüzey opak, muhtemelen toplanan nanofibers düzensizliği nedeniyle ve bu özelliği optik uygulamalarda istihdam edilecek. Böylece, sonraki çalışmalarda, UV-Vis-IR spektrometre kullanılarak substrat optik özelliklerini araştıracağız. Beklediğimiz gibi yüzeyler optik özelliklerini dağınık yansıma ışık gerektiren endüstriler için uygulanabilir.

Nano tanecikleri, nanotüpler ve nanofibers bilimsel topluluk ilgisini çekti var gibi onlar elektrik, biyomedikal, optik ve yüzey dahil olmak üzere çeşitli uygulamalarda benzersiz özellikleri göstermek gibi nano yapılar dokulu 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8mühendislik. Özellikle, nanofibers yaygın olarak gerilebilir ve şeffaf elektrotlar9, giyilebilir sensörler10,11, bağlantıları12,13ve nano-optik uygulamalarında kullanılmaktadır 14. kendinden montajlı gibi sol-jel yöntemi, nano yapıların imalatı, taş baskı ve çoğaltma15,16,17,18, çeşitli yöntemler arasında çünkü basit, uygun maliyetli ve ilgili çeşitli tedavi edilebilir malzemeleri21,22 19,20, doğrudan çoğaltma bir şablonu kullanarak gelecek vaat eden bir yöntem şu anda kabul , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26.
Nano ölçekli gözenekler ve mikro ölçekli yüksekliği çok sayıda sahip multiscale yapısı sayesinde AAO yaygın şablon olarak nanofibers ve bir yüksek en-boy oranı27,28,29 ile nanotüpler imalatı için kullanılır , 30. ancak, yüksek bir en boy oranı, yüzey gerilimi nedeniyle nanofibers kolayca31,32,33toplam eğilimindedir. Bu oranı 5: 1'den küçük olan ayrı ayrı toplama33,34izole ise mevcut araştırma bir en boy oranı 15: 1'den büyük olan nanofibers dik duruyorum değil ama bunun yerine toplam, kanıtlamıştır. Kapiller kuvvetleri ve yüzey gerilimi nanofiber imalat sırasında süreçleri biridir bir etchant kullanarak alümina kaldırılması üzerine önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. En boy oranını artırır zaman, yüzey gerilimi nanofibers arasında daha yakın onları bir başkasına, toplama neden çekmek eğilimindedir. Çeşitli çalışmalarda özellikle polimer ve metalik nanofibers gözlenen bu tür toplama35, engellemek için yöntem üzerinde odaklanmıştır. Bir sıvı nanofibers arasında boşluk kaplar, yüzey gerilimi azalır çünkü bunlar arasında Topaklanmayı hidrasyon nanofiber yüzey azaltabilir. Ayrıca, freeze-drying yöntemi nanofibers arasındaki yüzey gerilimini azaltarak toplama de azaltabilir. Ancak, çeşitli çabalara rağmen nanofibers yüksek bir en boy oranıyla düzleştirme bir meydan kalır.
Bu amaçla, biz toplama fenomeni pozitif bir şekilde istismar tarafından karışık nanofiber multiscale yapıların imalatı için benzersiz bir yöntem raporu. Nanofiber yapısı bir AAO filtre ve poliüretan-akrilat (PUA) kullanarak burada, baskılı-yazın reçineler ile 257.4 viskozite cP. UV nano Künye litografi (UV-NIL) gerçekleştirildikten sonra kalıp NaOH çözüm ile kazınmış. Önerilen multiscale yapıları karakterize etmek için toplanan nanofibers ve yüzey wettability ile örnek desen davranışlarını kaplama ile kendi kendine monte monolayer gibi uygun yüzey işlemleri ve UV Ozon tedavisi sonra araştırma . Ayrıca, önerdiğimiz multiscale gözenekli yüzey bir yağ-infüzyon işlem kullanarak sadece bir kaygan yüzeyi için dönüştürülebilir.

<table><tbody><tr><td>MINS 511RM</td><td>Minuta Tech</td><td></td><td>UV curable resin</td></tr><tr><td>Octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS)</td><td>Aldrich</td><td></td><td>Surface treatment</td></tr><tr><td>Sodium oxidanide</td><td>SAMCHUN</td><td></td><td>Etching solution</td></tr><tr><td>Anopore Inoganic Membranes</td><td>Whatman</td><td></td><td>25mm/0.2&amp;micro;m</td></tr><tr><td>MT-UV-A 47</td><td>Meiji Techno</td><td></td><td>UV curing equipment</td></tr><tr><td>UVC-30</td><td>Jaesung Engineering</td><td></td><td>UVO treatment equipment</td></tr><tr><td>Smart Drop Plus</td><td>FEMTOFAB</td><td></td><td>Contact angle measurement</td></tr><tr><td>Fluorinert FC-70</td><td>3M</td><td></td><td>liquid mixture of completely fluorinated aliphatic compounds</td></tr><tr><td>Polyethylene terephthalate film</td><td>Sunchem</td><td></td><td>Substrate</td></tr><tr><td>Acetone (99.8%)</td><td>Daejung</td><td></td><td>Cleaning solution</td></tr><tr><td>Isopropyl alcohol (99.9%)</td><td>Daejung</td><td></td><td>Cleaning solution</td></tr><tr><td>Rubber roller</td><td>Hwahong</td><td></td><td>For application of resin</td></tr><tr><td>Corning Stirring Hot Plates</td><td>Corning</td><td></td><td>Hot plate equipment (5&quot; x 7&quot;)</td></tr></tbody></table>

multiscale structures aggregated by imprinted nanofibers for functional surfaces

Multiscale yüzey yapıları yüzey cihazlar birçok potansiyel uygulamaları nedeniyle artan ilgi çekmiştir. Ancak, bir varolan alanında facile, düşük maliyetli ve yüksek işlem hacmi yöntemiyle hibrid mikro-nano yapıların imalatı mücadeledir. Bu zorlukları aşmak için bu kağıt sadece bir baskı işlemi bir anodik alüminyum oksit (AAO) filtreli ve nanofibers bir buharlaşma kendini toplama süreci kullanarak multiscale yapılar imal etmek bir protokol öneren. Nanofibers düzeltmek için nişan önceki girişimleri farklı olarak yüksek boy oranları ile multiscale toplanan nanofibers için bir benzersiz imalat yöntemi göstermektedir. Ayrıca, yüzey morfolojisi ve bu yapıların çeşitli sıvılar üzerinde wettability çok fonksiyonlu yüzeylerde bunların kullanımı kolaylaştırmak için araştırıldı.

Biz bir basma kalıp olarak bir AAO filtresi kullanarak multiscale nano-micro hybrid yapılar imalatı için hızlı ve basit bir yöntem gösterdi. İşlemin tamamı 30 dk (Şekil 4) aldı. NaOH kullanarak büyütme işlemi geçiyor sonra sonuç yüzey bir opak renk benzer yüzey gerginliği neden toplanan nanofiber derleme nedeniyle orijinal AAO filtre sergilenen belirtilmişti. Ayrıca, bir EDX analiz sonuçları AAO filtre ıslak kimyasal aşındırma (Şekil 3) tarafından tamamen kaldırıldığını doğruladı.
Yüzey özellikleri tarafından atılan su damlacıkları numune 5 μL yüzeyine temas açısı ölçerek belirlenmiştir. AAO-filtre-aracılı Künye sürecinde kullanılan malzemeler superhydrophilicity sergi ve uydurma multiscale yapıları otomatik olarak toplanan nanofibers nedeniyle son derece gözenekli ağları var çünkü su damlacıkları anında olma eğilimi yüzeylerde emilir. Ancak, hydrophilicity uygun yüzey işlemleri kullanarak hydrophobicity için değiştirilebilir. Gösterdi biz gösterildiği Şekil 5, baskılı multiscale yapıları yüzeyine OTS kaplama sonra yaklaşık 117 ° temas açısı ile hidrofobik bir yüzey olacak şekilde değiştirilmiştir. Buna ek olarak, UV Ozon tedavisi yaklaşık 10 ° (Şekil 6) tarafından yüzey temas açısı daha da artırabilirsiniz. Sırayla OTS kaplama ve UV Ozon tedavisi baskılı yüzeyine gerçekleştirdikten sonra elde edilen kişi açı 134 ° (Şekil 7) artış doğrulandı.
Yüzey ve OTS kaplama ile numune kesit olan bir çukur yapıda toplama nano-elyaf (Şekil 5), göster. Boyutu ve yönü bu çukur yapının düzensiz; Ancak, bu fenomen örnek tüm yüzeyi oluştu. İçin UV ozon tedavi süreci36 maruz bırakıldı sonra numune yüzeyinin pürüzsüz oldu (Şekil 6 ve Şekil 7). Bu da neden UV Ozon tedavisi işleminden sonra yüzeye temas açısı artmış olduğunu. Bu olay da aynı şekilde numune yüzeyinde oluştu ve hata iletişim açının daha az 3 °.
<img alt="Figure 1" class="xfigimg" src="/files/ftp_upload/58356/58356fig1.jpg"> Resim 1: bir yapı ile çözünür alüminyum oksit imalatı için yordam. <a href="https://www.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/58356/58356fig1large.jpg" target="_blank">Bu rakam daha büyük bir versiyonunu görüntülemek için buraya tıklayınız.</a>
<img alt="Figure 2" class="xfigimg" src="/files/ftp_upload/58356/58356fig2.jpg"> Şekil 2: SEM görüntüleri yüzey ve kesit gösterilen gravür işleminden sonra bir nano-mikro multiscale yapısının. <a href="https://www.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/58356/58356fig2large.jpg" target="_blank">Bu rakam daha büyük bir versiyonunu görüntülemek için buraya tıklayınız.</a>
<img alt="Figure 3" class="xfigimg" src="/files/ftp_upload/58356/58356fig3.jpg"> Şekil 3: sonuç bir EDX analiz sonra nano-mikro multiscale yapıları bir AAO filtresini kullanarak fabrikasyon gravür. <a href="https://www.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/58356/58356fig3large.jpg" target="_blank">Bu rakam daha büyük bir versiyonunu görüntülemek için buraya tıklayınız.</a>
<img alt="Figure 4" class="xfigimg" src="/files/ftp_upload/58356/58356fig4.jpg"> Şekil 4: nano-küçük multiscale yapısı nanofibers toplama sonra tam gravür tarafından imalatı için şematik. <a href="https://www.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/58356/58356fig4large.jpg" target="_blank">Bu rakam daha büyük bir versiyonunu görüntülemek için buraya tıklayınız.</a>
<img alt="Figure 5" class="xfigimg" src="/files/ftp_upload/58356/58356fig5.jpg"> Şekil 5: nano-küçük yapısı ve yüzey temas açısı OTS kaplama sonra. <a href="https://www.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/58356/58356fig5large.jpg" target="_blank">Bu rakam daha büyük bir versiyonunu görüntülemek için buraya tıklayınız.</a>
<img alt="Figure 6" class="xfigimg" src="/files/ftp_upload/58356/58356fig6.jpg"> Şekil 6: nano-küçük yapısı ve yüzey UV ozon tedavisinden sonra temas açısı. <a href="https://www.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/58356/58356fig6large.jpg" target="_blank">Bu rakam daha büyük bir versiyonunu görüntülemek için buraya tıklayınız.</a>
<img alt="Figure 7" class="xfigimg" src="/files/ftp_upload/58356/58356fig7.jpg"> Şekil 7: OTS kaplama ve UV Ozon tedavisi yüzey ve nano-mikro yapısı üzerinde sırayla yaptıktan sonra temas açısı. <a href="https://www.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/58356/58356fig7large.jpg" target="_blank">Bu rakam daha büyük bir versiyonunu görüntülemek için buraya tıklayınız.</a>

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Multiscale Structures Aggregated by Imprinted Nanofibers for Functional Surfaces at JoVE.com

Multiscale Structures Aggregated by Imprinted Nanofibers for Functional Surfaces

Fonksiyonel yüzeyler için baskılı Nanofibers tarafından toplanan multiscale yapıları

Sunulan bir anodik alüminyum oksit filtresini kullanarak fabrikasyon nanofibers toplayarak, fonksiyonel yüzeyler için nano-mikro multiscale yapılar imal etmek kolay bir yöntemdir.

Multiscale surface structures have attracted increasing interest owing to several potential applications in surface devices. However, an existing ...

multiscale-structures-aggregated-imprinted-nanofibers-for-functional

Nanyang Technological University

Research

JoVE Journal

Engineering

6.5K Görüntüleme.  Changwon National University. Sunulan bir anodik alüminyum oksit filtresini kullanarak fabrikasyon nanofibers toplayarak, fonksiyonel yüzeyler için nano-mikro multiscale yapılar imal etmek kolay bir yöntemdir.

Video: Multiscale Structures Aggregated by Imprinted Nanofibers for Functional Surfaces

Nanomoulding of Functional Materials, a Versatile Complementary Pattern Replication Method to Nanoimprinting

We describe a nanomoulding technique which allows low-cost nanoscale patterning of functional materials, materials stacks and full devices. Nanomoulding combined with layer transfer enables the replication of arbitrary surface patterns from a master structure onto the functional material. Nanomoulding can be performed on any nanoimprinting setup and can be applied to a wide range of materials and deposition processes. In particular we demonstrate the fabrication of patterned transparent zinc oxide electrodes for light trapping applications in solar cells.

We describe a nanomoulding technique which allows low-cost nanoscale patterning of functional materials, materials stacks and full devices. Nanomoulding can be performed on any nanoimprinting setup and can be applied to a wide range of materials and deposition processes.

Fonksiyonel Malzemelerin Nanomoulding, Nanoimprinting bir yönlü Tamamlayıcı Desen Çoğaltma Yöntemi

We describe a nanomoulding technique which  allows low-cost nanoscale patterning of functional materials, materials stacks  and full devices. Nanomoulding ...

Mühendislik

Manufacturing of Three-dimensionally Microstructured Nanocomposites through Microfluidic Infiltration

Microstructured composite beams reinforced with complex three-dimensionally (3D) patterned nanocomposite microfilaments are fabricated via nanocomposite in&#64257;ltration of 3D interconnected microfluidic networks. The manufacturing of the reinforced beams begins with the fabrication of microfluidic networks, which involves layer-by-layer deposition of fugitive ink filaments using a dispensing robot, filling the empty space between filaments using a low viscosity resin, curing the resin and finally removing the ink.&#160;Self-supported 3D structures with other geometries and many layers (e.g.&#160;a few hundreds layers) could be built using this method. The resulting tubular micro&#64258;uidic networks are then infiltrated with thermosetting nanocomposite suspensions containing nanofillers (e.g.&#160;single-walled carbon nanotubes), and subsequently cured. The infiltration is done by applying a pressure gradient between two ends of the empty network (either by applying a vacuum or vacuum-assisted microinjection). Prior to the infiltration, the nanocomposite suspensions are prepared by dispersing nanofillers into polymer matrices using ultrasonication and three-roll mixing methods. The nanocomposites (i.e.&#160;materials infiltrated) are then solidified under UV exposure/heat cure, resulting in a 3D-reinforced composite structure. The technique presented here enables the design of functional nanocomposite macroscopic products for microengineering applications such as actuators and sensors.

Three-dimensional (3D) microstructured composite beams are fabricated through the directed and localized infiltration of nanocomposites into 3D porous microfluidic networks. The flexibility of this manufacturing method enables the utilization of different thermosetting materials and nanofillers in order to achieve a variety of functional 3D reinforced nanocomposite macroscopic products.

Mikroakışkan Sızma yoluyla üç boyutlu mikrostrüktürlü nanokompozitlerin İmalat

Microstructured composite beams reinforced with complex three-dimensionally (3D) patterned nanocomposite microfilaments are fabricated via nanocomposite ...

Kimya

ECM Protein Nanofibers and Nanostructures Engineered Using Surface-initiated Assembly

The extracellular matrix (ECM) in tissues is synthesized and assembled by cells to form a 3D fibrillar, protein network with tightly regulated fiber diameter, composition and organization. In addition to providing structural support, the physical and chemical properties of the ECM play an important role in multiple cellular processes including adhesion, differentiation, and apoptosis. In vivo, the ECM is assembled by exposing cryptic self-assembly (fibrillogenesis) sites within proteins. This process varies for different proteins, but fibronectin (FN) fibrillogenesis is well-characterized and serves as a model system for cell-mediated ECM assembly. Specifically, cells use integrin receptors on the cell membrane to bind FN dimers and actomyosin-generated contractile forces to unfold and expose binding sites for assembly into insoluble fibers. This receptor-mediated process enables cells to assemble and organize the ECM from the cellular to tissue scales. Here, we present a method termed surface-initiated assembly (SIA), which recapitulates cell-mediated matrix assembly using protein-surface interactions to unfold ECM proteins and assemble them into insoluble fibers. First, ECM proteins are adsorbed onto a hydrophobic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) surface where they partially denature (unfold) and expose cryptic binding domains. The unfolded proteins are then transferred in well-defined micro- and nanopatterns through microcontact printing onto a thermally responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PIPAAm) surface. Thermally-triggered dissolution of the PIPAAm leads to final assembly and release of insoluble ECM protein nanofibers and nanostructures with well-defined geometries. Complex architectures are possible by engineering defined patterns on the PDMS stamps used for microcontact printing. In addition to FN, the SIA process can be used with laminin, fibrinogen and collagens type I and IV to create multi-component ECM nanostructures. Thus, SIA can be used to engineer ECM protein-based materials with precise control over the protein composition, fiber geometry and scaffold architecture in order to recapitulate the structure and composition of the ECM in vivo.

A method to obtain nanofibers and complex nanostructures from single or multiple extracellular matrix proteins is described. This method uses protein-surface interactions to create free-standing protein-based materials with tunable composition and architecture for use in a variety of tissue engineering and biotechnology applications.

ECM Protein Nanofiberler ve Nanoyapılar İşlenmiş Kullanılarak Yüzey başlatılan Meclisi

The extracellular matrix (ECM) in tissues is synthesized and assembled by cells to form a 3D fibrillar, protein network with tightly regulated fiber ...

Biyomühendislik

Fabricating Reactive Surfaces with Brush-like and Crosslinked Films of Azlactone-Functionalized Block Co-Polymers

In this paper, fabrication methods that generate novel surfaces using the azlactone-based block co-polymer, poly (glycidyl methacrylate)-block-poly (vinyl dimethyl azlactone) (PGMA-b-PVDMA), are presented. Due to the high reactivity of azlactone groups towards amine, thiol, and hydroxyl groups, PGMA-b-PVDMA surfaces can be modified with secondary molecules to create chemically or biologically functionalized interfaces for a variety of applications. Previous reports of patterned PGMA-b-PVDMA interfaces have used traditional top-down patterning techniques that generate non-uniform films and poorly controlled background chemistries. Here, we describe customized patterning techniques that enable precise deposition of highly uniform PGMA-b-PVDMA films in backgrounds that are chemically inert or that have biomolecule-repellent properties. Importantly, these methods are designed to deposit PGMA-b-PVDMA films in a manner that completely preserves azlactone functionality through each processing step. Patterned films show well-controlled thicknesses that correspond to polymer brushes (~90 nm) or to highly crosslinked structures (~1-10 &#956;m). Brush patterns are generated using either the parylene lift-off or interface directed assembly methods described and are useful for precise modulation of overall chemical surface reactivity by adjusting either the PGMA-b-PVDMA pattern density or the length of the VDMA block. In contrast, the thick, crosslinked PGMA-b-PVDMA patterns are obtained using a customized micro-contact printing technique and offer the benefit of higher loading or capture of secondary material due to higher surface area to volume ratios. Detailed experimental steps, critical film characterizations, and trouble-shooting guides for each fabrication method are discussed.

Surface fabrication methods for patterned deposition of nanometer thick brushes or micron thick, crosslinked films of an azlactone block co-polymer are reported. Critical experimental steps, representative results, and limitations of each method are discussed. These methods are useful for creating functional interfaces with tailored physical features and tunable surface reactivity.

Fırça benzeri ile reaktif yüzeyler imalatı ve Azlactone Functionalized blok ortak polimerler çapraz filmleri

In this paper, fabrication methods that generate novel surfaces using the azlactone-based block co-polymer, poly (glycidyl methacrylate)-block-poly (vinyl ...

Electrospun Nanofiber Scaffolds with Gradations in Fiber Organization

The goal of this protocol is to report a simple method for generating nanofiber scaffolds with gradations in fiber organization and test their possible applications in controlling cell morphology/orientation. Nanofiber organization is controlled with a new fabrication apparatus that enables the gradual decrease of fiber organization in a scaffold. Changing the alignment of fibers is achieved through decreasing deposition time of random electrospun fibers on a uniaxially aligned fiber mat. By covering the collector with a moving barrier/mask, along the same axis as fiber deposition, the organizational structure is easily controlled. For tissue engineering purposes, adipose-derived stem cells can be seeded to these scaffolds. Stem cells undergo morphological changes as a result of their position on the varied organizational structure, and can potentially differentiate into different cell types depending on their locations. Additionally, the graded organization of fibers enhances the biomimicry of nanofiber scaffolds so they more closely resemble the natural orientations of collagen nanofibers at tendon-to-bone insertion site compared to traditional scaffolds. Through nanoencapsulation, the gradated fibers also afford the possibility to construct chemical gradients in fiber scaffolds, and thereby further strengthen their potential applications in fast screening of cell-materials interaction and interfacial tissue regeneration. This technique enables the production of continuous gradient scaffolds, but it also can potentially produce fibers in discrete steps by controlling the movement of the moving barrier/mask in a discrete fashion.

Here, we present a protocol to fabricate electrospun nanofiber scaffolds with gradated organization of fibers and explore their applications in regulating cell morphology/orientation. Gradients with regard to physical and chemical properties of the nanofiber scaffolds offer a wide variety of applications in the biomedical field.

Fiber Teşkilatı geçişleri ile electrospun Nanolif iskeleleri

The goal of this protocol is to report a simple method for generating nanofiber scaffolds with gradations in fiber organization and test their possible ...

Expanding Nanopatterned Substrates Using Stitch Technique for Nanotopographical Modulation of Cell Behavior

Substrate nanotopography has been shown to be a potent modulator of cell phenotype and function. To dissect nanotopography modulation of cell behavior, a large area of nanopatterned substrate is desirable so that enough cells can be cultured on the nanotopography for subsequent biochemical and molecular biology analyses. However, current nanofabrication techniques have limitations to generate highly defined nanopatterns over a large area. Herein, we present a method to expand nanopatterned substrates from a small, highly defined nanopattern to a large area using stitch technique. The method combines multiple techniques, involving soft lithography to replicate poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) molds from a well-defined mold, stitch technique to assemble multiple PDMS molds to a single large mold, and nanoimprinting to generate a master mold on polystyrene (PS) substrates. With the PS master mold, we produce PDMS working substrates and demonstrate nanotopographical modulation of cell spreading. This method provides a simple, affordable yet versatile avenue to generate well-defined nanopatterns over large areas, and is potentially extended to create micro-/nanoscale devices with hybrid components.

A protocol for producing a large area of nanopatterned substrate from small nanopatterned molds for study of nanotopographical modulation of cell behavior is presented.

Hücre Davranış Nanotopographical Modülasyon için nano Substratları kullanma Dikiş Tekniği Genişleyen

Substrate nanotopography has been shown to be a potent modulator of cell phenotype and function. To dissect nanotopography modulation of cell behavior, a ...

Fabrication of a Multiplexed Artificial Cellular MicroEnvironment Array

Cellular microenvironments consist of a variety of cues, such as growth factors, extracellular matrices, and intercellular interactions. These cues are well orchestrated and are crucial in regulating cell functions in a living system. Although a number of researchers have attempted to investigate the correlation between environmental factors and desired cellular functions, much remains unknown. This is largely due to the lack of a proper methodology to mimic such environmental cues in vitro, and simultaneously test different environmental cues on cells. Here, we report an integrated platform of microfluidic channels and a nanofiber array, followed by high-content single-cell analysis, to examine stem cell phenotypes altered by distinct environmental factors. To demonstrate the application of this platform, this study focuses on the phenotypes of self-renewing human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). Here, we present the preparation procedures for a nanofiber array and the microfluidic structure in the fabrication of a Multiplexed Artificial Cellular MicroEnvironment (MACME) array. Moreover, overall steps of the single-cell profiling, cell staining with multiple fluorescent markers, multiple fluorescence imaging, and statistical analyses, are described.

This article describes the detailed methodology to prepare a Multiplexed Artificial Cellular MicroEnvironment (MACME) array for high-throughput manipulation of physical and chemical cues mimicking in vivo cellular microenvironments and to identify the optimal cellular environment for human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) with single-cell profiling.

Çoğaltılmış yapay hücresel MicroEnvironment dizi imalatı

Cellular microenvironments consist of a variety of cues, such as growth factors, extracellular matrices, and intercellular interactions. These cues are ...

Fabrication of Gradient Nanopattern by Thermal Nanoimprinting Technique and Screening of the Response of Human Endothelial Colony-forming Cells

Nanotopography can be found in various extracellular matrices (ECMs) around the body and is known to have important regulatory actions upon cellular reactions. However, it is difficult to determine the relation between the size of a nanostructure and the responses of cells owing to the lack of proper screening tools. Here, we show the development of reproducible and cost-effective gradient nanopattern plates for the manipulation of cellular responses. Using anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) as a master mold, gradient nanopattern plates with nanopillars of increasing diameter ranges [120-200&#8239;nm (GP 120/200), 200-280&#8239;nm (GP 200/280), and 280-360&#8239;nm (GP 280/360)] were fabricated by a thermal imprinting technique. These gradient nanopattern plates were designed to mimic the various sizes of nanotopography in the ECM and were used to screen the responses of human endothelial colony-forming cells (hECFCs). In this protocol, we describe the step-by-step procedure of fabricating gradient nanopattern plates for cell engineering, techniques of cultivating hECFCs from human peripheral blood, and culturing hECFCs on nanopattern plates.

Here, we present a protocol for the fabrication of gradient nanopattern plates via thermal nanoimprinting and the method of screening responses of human endothelial progenitor cells to the nanostructures. By using the described technology, it is possible to produce a scaffold that can manipulate cell behavior by physical stimuli.

Termal Nanoimprinting teknik ve insan endotel hücreleri koloni oluşturan yanıt testi ile taranması degrade Nanopattern imalatı

Nanotopography can be found in various extracellular matrices (ECMs) around the body and is known to have important regulatory actions upon cellular ...

Procedure for Fabricating Biofunctional Nanofibers

Electrospinning is an effective processing method for preparing nanofibers decorated with functional groups. Nanofibers decorated with functional groups may be utilized to study material-biomarker interactions i.e. act as biosensors with potential as single molecule detectors. We have developed an effective approach for preparing functional polymers where the functionality has the capacity of specifically binding with a model protein. In our model system, the functional group is 2,4-dinitrophenyl (DNP) and the protein is anti-DNP IgE (Immunoglobulin E). The functional polymer, &alpha;,&omega;-bi[2,4-dinitrophenyl caproic][poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(2-methoxystyrene)-b-poly(ethylene oxide)] (CDNP-PEO-P2MS-PEO-CDNP), is prepared by anionic living polymerization. The difunctional initiator utilized in the polymerization was prepared by electron transfer reaction of &alpha;-methylstyrene and potassium (mirror) metal. The 2-methoxystyrene monomer was added first to the initiator, followed by the addition of the second monomer, ethylene oxide, and finally the living polymer was terminated by methanol. The &alpha;,&omega;-dihydroxyl polymer [HO-PEO-P2MS-PEO-OH] was reacted with N-2,4-DNP-&isin;-amino caproic acid, by DCC coupling, resulting in the formation of &alpha;,&omega;-bi[2,4-dinitrophenylcaproic][poly(ethyleneoxide)-b-poly(2-methoxystyrene)-b-poly(ethylene oxide)] (CDNP-PEO-P2MS-PEO-CDNP). The polymers were characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR and Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC). The molecular weight distributions of the polymers were narrow (1.1-1.2) and polymers with molecular weights greater than 50,000 was used in this study. The polymers were yellow powders and soluble in tetrahydrofuran. A water soluble CDNP-PEO-P2MS-PEO-CDNP/ DMEG (dimethoxyethylene glycol) complex binds and achieves steady state binding with solution IgE within a few seconds. Higher molecular weight (water insoluble i.e. around 50,000) CDNP-PEO-P2MS-PEO-CDNP polymers, containing 1% single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) were processed into electroactive nanofibers (100 nm to 500 nm in diameter) on silicon substrate. Fluorescence spectroscopy shows that anti-DNP IgE interacts with the nanofibers by binding with the DNP functional groups decorating the fibers. These observations suggest that appropriately functionalized nanofibers hold promise for developing biomarker detection device.

An efficient approach for preparing nanofibers decorated with functional groups capable of specifically interacting with proteins is described. The approach first requires the preparation of a polymer functionalized with the appropriate functional group. The functional polymer is fabricated into nanofibers by electrospinning. The effectiveness of the binding of the nanofibers with a protein is studied by confocal microscopy.

Biofunctional Nanoliflerin Yapımı İçin Prosedür

Electrospinning is an effective processing method for preparing nanofibers decorated with functional groups. Nanofibers decorated with functional groups ...

Biyoloji

Bitkilere verimli biyomolekül ve boya iletimi için karbon nanofiber dizilerinin kullanılması

Using Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanofiber Arrays on Rigid or Flexible Substrates for Delivery of Biomolecules and Dyes to Plants

The delivery of biomolecules and impermeable dyes to intact plants is a major challenge. Nanomaterials are up-and-coming tools for the delivery of DNA to plants. As exciting as these new tools are, they have yet to be widely applied. Nanomaterials fabricated on rigid substrate (backing) are particularly difficult to successfully apply to curved plant structures. This study describes the process for microfabricating vertically aligned carbon nanofiber arrays and transferring them from a rigid to a flexible substrate. We detail and demonstrate how these fibers (on either rigid or flexible substrates) can be used for transient transformation or dye (e.g., fluorescein) delivery to plants. We show how VACNFs can be transferred from rigid silicon substrate to a flexible SU-8 epoxy substrate to form flexible VACNF arrays. To overcome the hydrophobic nature of SU-8, fibers in the flexible film were coated with a thin silicon oxide layer (2-3 nm). To use these fibers for delivery to curved plant organs, we deposit a 1 &#181;L droplet of dye or DNA solution on the fiber side of VACNF films, wait 10 min, place the films on the plant organ and employ a swab with a rolling motion to drive fibers into plant cells. With this method, we have achieved dye and DNA delivery in plant organs with curved surfaces.

Yazar Spotlight: Karbon Nanofiber Dizilerle İnovasyon Yaparak Tesis Dönüşümünün Kilidini Açmak 

Here we describe methods for microfabricating vertically aligned carbon nanofibers (VACNFs), transferring VACNFs to flexible substrates, and applying VACNFs on both rigid and flexible substrates to plants for biomolecule and dye delivery.

Biyomoleküllerin ve boyaların bitkilere verilmesi için sert veya esnek substratlar üzerinde dikey olarak hizalanmış karbon nanofiber dizilerinin kullanılması

The delivery of biomolecules and impermeable dyes to intact plants is a major challenge. Nanomaterials are up-and-coming tools for the delivery of DNA to ...