A.S., AIRC (IG #28807) ve PRIN (#P2022YE2MX) tarafından desteklenmektedir. M.M., AIRC-FIRC bursu (#25558) tarafından desteklenmektedir. ADN, AB - Yeni Nesil AB, PNRR Misyon 4 Bileşen 2, Yatırım 1.5 tarafından finanse edilen İnovasyon Ekosistemi Roma Technopole tarafından desteklenmektedir ECS00000024.

Kanser-Bağışıklık Döngüsünün Akış Sitometrisi Tabanlı İzlenmesi 

<ol>
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I., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Immunocompetent+cancer-on-chip+models+to+assess+immuno-oncology+therapy.">Immunocompetent cancer-on-chip models to assess immuno-oncology therapy.</a> Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 173, 281-305 (2021).</li><li>Lorenzi, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Type+I+IFNs+control+antigen+retention+and+survival+of+CD8&#945;(+)+dendritic+cells+after+uptake+of+tumor+apoptotic+cells+leading+to+cross-priming.">Type I IFNs control antigen retention and survival of CD8&#945;(+) dendritic cells after uptake of tumor apoptotic cells leading to cross-priming.</a> J Immun. 186 (9), 5142-5150 (2011).</li><li>Musella, M., Manic, G., Galassi, C., Vitale, I., Sistigu, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cytofluorometric+assessment+of+dendritic+cell-mediated+uptake+of+cancer+cell+apoptotic+bodies.">Cytofluorometric assessment of dendritic cell-mediated uptake of cancer cell apoptotic bodies.</a> Methods Enzymol. 632, 39-54 (2020).</li><li>Lucarini, V., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Combining+Type+I+Interferons+and+5-Aza-2'-Deoxycitidine+to+improve+antitumor+response+against+melanoma.">Combining Type I Interferons and 5-Aza-2'-Deoxycitidine to improve antitumor response against melanoma.</a> J Invest Dermatol. 137 (1), 159-169 (2017).</li><li>Guti&#233;rrez-Mart&#237;nez, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cross-presentation+of+cell-associated+antigens+by+MHC+Class+I+in+dendritic+cell+subsets.">Cross-presentation of cell-associated antigens by MHC Class I in dendritic cell subsets.</a> Front Immunol. 6, 363 (2015).</li><li>Joffre, O. P., Segura, E., Savina, A., Amigorena, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cross-presentation+by+dendritic+cells.">Cross-presentation by dendritic cells.</a> Nat Rev Immunol. 12 (8), 557-569 (2012).</li><li>Hegde, P. S., Karanikas, V., Evers, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+where,+the+when,+and+the+how+of+immune+monitoring+for+cancer+immunotherapies+in+the+era+of+checkpoint+inhibition.">The where, the when, and the how of immune monitoring for cancer immunotherapies in the era of checkpoint inhibition.</a> Clin Cancer Res. 22 (8), 1865-1874 (2016).</li><li>Lee, R. Y., Ng, C. W., Rajapakse, M. P., Ang, N., Yeong, J. P. S., Lau, M. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+promise+and+challenge+of+spatial+omics+in+dissecting+tumour+microenvironment+and+the+role+of+AI.">The promise and challenge of spatial omics in dissecting tumour microenvironment and the role of AI.</a> Front Oncol. 13, 1172314 (2023).</li><li>Lewis, S. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Spatial+omics+and+multiplexed+imaging+to+explore+cancer+biology.">Spatial omics and multiplexed imaging to explore cancer biology.</a> Nat Methods. 18 (9), 997-1012 (2021).</li><li>Wu, Y., Cheng, Y., Wang, X., Fan, J., Gao, Q. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Spatial+omics:+Navigating+to+the+golden+era+of+cancer+research.">Spatial omics: Navigating to the golden era of cancer research.</a> Clin Transl Med. 12 (1), 696 (2022).</li><li>Vandereyken, K., Sifrim, A., Thienpont, B., Voet, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Methods+and+applications+for+single-cell+and+spatial+multi-omics.">Methods and applications for single-cell and spatial multi-omics.</a> Nat Rev Genet. 24 (8), 494-515 (2023).</li><li>Cheung, M., Campbell, J. J., Whitby, L., Thomas, R. J., Braybrook, J., Petzing, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Current+trends+in+flow+cytometry+automated+data+analysis+software.">Current trends in flow cytometry automated data analysis software.</a> Cytometry A. 99 (10), 1007-1021 (2021).</li><li>Zitvogel, L., Pitt, J. M., Daill&#232;re, R., Smyth, M. J., Kroemer, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mouse+models+in+oncoimmunology.">Mouse models in oncoimmunology.</a> Nat Rev Cancer. 16 (12), 759-773 (2016).</li></ol>

Yazarların açıklanacak herhangi bir çıkar çatışması yoktur.

Antikanser immün yanıtının izlenmesi, TME'de rol oynayan ve üstünlük için sürekli bir savaşı destekleyen karmaşık moleküler ve hücresel etkileşimleri aydınlatmak ve anlamak için son derece önemlidir23. Burada, kanser-bağışıklık döngüsünü oluşturan adımların izlenmesi ve karakterizasyonu için basit bir mFC ve ToC destekli protokolü detaylandırıyoruz. Küçük varyasyonlarla, murin hücre hatlarına ve fare kaynaklı bağışıklık hücrelerine dayanan bu protokol...

Son birkaç on yılda, immünoterapi, kanser tedavisi için en son seçeneklerin ön saflarında yer almıştır. Bağışıklık sistemini antitümör amaçlarla kullanmak, tarihsel olarak kötü prognozlara sahip çeşitli hematolojik ve katı malignitelerde hasta yararı için güçlü bir kavram kanıtı sağlamıştır. İmmünoterapi, aksi takdirde tedavi edilmesi zor kanserler için bir fırsat sunduğundan, şaşırtıcı derecede hızlı bir ilerleme hızı yaşamaktadır. Bu tür bir ilerleme, en azından kısmen, kanser hücreleri ve bağışıklık hücreleri arasındaki etkileşimin rafine bir şekilde anlaşılmasına bağlanabilir. Bu etkileşim, bağışıklık sisteminin kanser-bağışıklık döngüsü olarak adlandırılan kanser hücrelerini yok etmek için ateşlediği ileri beslemeli bir "motora" benzer. Bu antikanser bağışıklık tepkisi üç ana seviyede ilerler: tanıma, işleme ve reaksiyon. İlk olarak, tanıma aşamasında, tümör oluşumu sırasında üretilen tümör antijenleri (Ag'ler), tümör mikroçevresinde ölen kanser hücreleri tarafından salınır (TME, adım 1) ve tümöre sızan dendritik hücreler tarafından yutulur (DC'ler, adım 2). Daha sonra, işleme aşamasında, DC'ler, yakalanan tümör Ag'lerinin epitoplarını majör histouyumluluk kompleksi (MHC) molekülleri aracılığıyla sunar, yüzeylerinde daha yüksek seviyelerde kostimülatör molekülleri eksprese eder (aşama 3) ve yüklerini saf CD8 T hücrelerine çapraz sunmak için tümör boşaltan lenf düğümlerine (dLN'ler) hareket eder (CD8N, adım 4). Tüm bu adımlar, tümör Ag'ye özgü çapraz astarlı CD8 T hücrelerinin (CD8C-P) aktive edildiği, efektör CD8 T (CD8E) hücrelerine olgunlaştığı ve klonal bir genişlemeye uğradığı son reaksiyon sürecinde birleşir (aşama 5). CD8E hücreleri daha sonra dLN'leri terk eder ve kan yoluyla TME'ye (adım 6) gider, burada T hücresi reseptörü (TCR) ile akraba tümörleri Ags arasındaki etkileşim yoluyla kanser hücrelerini spesifik olarak tanır ve bunlara bağlanır, sitotoksik molekülleri serbest bırakır [yani, interferon (IFN)-γ, perforinler ve granzimler (Grzs)] ve kanser hücrelerini öldürür (adım 7)1, 2. Kanser hücresinin öldürülmesi, kanser-bağışıklık döngüsünü beslemek için daha fazla tümör Ag'sinin salınmasına yol açar. Nitekim, tüm bu adımlar sayesinde, bağışıklık sistemi kanser hücrelerini tahmin edilenden çok daha sık yok eder ve reddeder. Ancak kanser hastalarında bu adımlardan en az biri düzgün çalışmaz. Biz ve diğerleri, kanser hücrelerinin ya daha agresif ve bağışıklık ayrıcalıklı varyantlara evrimleşerek ya da T hücresi etkinliğiniengelleyerek bağışıklık tepkisini durdurmaya çalıştığınıgösterdik 3,4,5 ya da T hücresi etkinliğini 6,7 engelleyerek.
Kanser araştırmaları ve kanser ilacı geliştirme, onko-immünoloji olarak adlandırılan kanser ve bağışıklık hücreleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesine izin veren deneysel modellere dayanır. Burada, onko-immünoloji döngüsünün her adımını kapsamlı bir şekilde yeniden üreten ve immünosürveyans ve nihayetinde immüno-düzenlemenin fenotipik ve fonksiyonel özellik setlerinin hızlı ve net bir görünümü sunulan hızlı, güvenilir, tekrarlanabilir ve düşük maliyetli in vitro modeller açıklanmaktadır.
Multiparametrik akış sitometrisi (mFC), kanser klinik çalışmalarında temel kanser araştırmaları, teşhisi ve translasyonel araştırmalarda en başarılı tek hücreli analitik araçlardan biridir. Her hücrede aynı anda daha fazla özellik yakalamaya izin verdiği için mFC, onko-immünolojide altın standart bir analiz platformu olarak yerini almıştır. Yüksek hassasiyet ve özgüllüğü, TME 8,9,10'dan olduğu gibi, heterojen ve hatta heterotipik hücre süspansiyonlarından tek bir hücre düzeyinde çoklu protein ekspresyon paternlerini ve fonksiyonel özellikleri hızlı ve tekrarlanabilir bir şekilde ölçme olasılığı ile birleştirir. Hem fenotipik hem de fonksiyonel ifade kalıpları zamana duyarlı olduğundan, deney tasarımına, uygun panellerin, kontrollerin ve titre edilmiş antikorların seçimine ve uygun numune işleme ve enstrümantasyon kullanımına dikkat edilmesi, sonuçların güvenilirliği, karşılaştırılabilirliği ve tekrarlanabilirliği için kritik öneme sahiptir ve deney sonucunu güvenle yorumlamak için kritik öneme sahiptir11.
Çip üzerinde tümör mikroakışkan cihazlar (ToC'ler), kanser ve bağışıklık hücresi dinamiklerinin in vitro mikro ölçekli biyomimetiklerine ve etkileşimlerine izin vererek TME'yi modeller 12,13,14,15. Spesifik olarak, ToC'ler, iki boyutlu (2D) veya üç boyutlu (3D) kültür ayarlarında organize edilmiş çeşitli hücre tiplerini barındırabilen ve yüksek doğrulukla modelleme yapabilen ve yüksek hassasiyetle kontrol edebilen çok kanallı mikroakışkan hücre kültürü cihazlarıdır, heterotipik hücresel etkileşimler ve TME12'de fizyolojik olarak meydana gelen kimyasal gradyan akışları gibi temel yapısal ve fonksiyonel birimleri, 13,14,15. Özellikle, immün kemocazibe ve yörüngelerin yanı sıra kanser hücreleri ile immün hücre etkileşimi, gerçek zamanlı olarak izlenebilir ve hızlandırılmış mikroskopi ve otomatik izleme analiziile ölçülebilir 5,12,13,14,15,16. Ayrıca, İçindekiler, kanserin başlangıcını ve ilerlemesini ve tedaviye yanıtı düzenleyen önemli süreçleri hem analiz etme hem de manipüle etme imkanı sunar17.
Bu makalede, kanser Ag'lerinin DC aracılı fagositozu (aşama 1-3), T hücresi çapraz hazırlama (adım 4), aktivasyon ve klonal genişleme (sonuncusu 5-etinil-2'-deoksiüridin (EdU) ve Cu (I) katalizli siklo ekleme [tıklama] teknolojisi, son derece hassas ve doğru bir metodoloji aracılığıyla, adım 5), TME'ye CD8E hücresi homing (adım 6) ve son olarak CD8E hücresi aracılı kanser hücresi öldürme (adım 7, Şekil 1).
Bu çalışma, kanser-bağışıklık döngüsünü incelemek için basit, hızlı ve güvenilir standart protokoller oluşturma çabasına katkıda bulunur. mFC ve ToC modellerinin kanser araştırmalarına, TME dinamiklerine ve tedaviye yanıta iyileştirilmesi ve entegrasyonu, bu modeller deneysel kontrol ile birlikte biyolojik doğruluk sağladığı için büyük bir potansiyele sahiptir. Bu nedenle, bu protokol, bireysel hücre oyuncularının rollerini ve doğal ve edinilmiş immünosürveyans üzerindeki karşılıklı etkileşimlerini karakterize etmeyi, izlemeyi ve zamanında manevra yapmayı mümkün kılarak kanser-bağışıklık döngüsünün aşamalı bir şekilde yeniden oluşturulmasına yardımcı olur. Bu, sonuçta, tümörleri alt etmek ve klinik bakıma rehberlik etmek için kritik bilgiler sağlarken, hayvan çalışmalarının rafine edilmesine, azaltılmasına ve değiştirilmesine yardımcı olacaktır. Son olarak, mFC ve ToC avantajları ve sınırlamaları eleştirel bir şekilde tartışılır ve onko-immünoloji araştırmalarını ve tedavisini ilerletmek için en son teknolojilerle (örneğin, tek hücreli ve hatta hücre altı çözünürlükte yüksek plex uzamsal analizler) karşılaştırılır.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>1.5 mL microtubes&#160;</td>
			<td>Eppendorf</td>
			<td>30120086</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>100 kV e-beam litography</td>
			<td>Vistec</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>100 mm Petri dishes&#160;</td>
			<td>Greiner Bio One</td>
			<td>664160</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>12-well plates</td>
			<td>Euroclone</td>
			<td>&#160;ET3012</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>15 and 50 mL tubes</td>
			<td>Corning&#160;</td>
			<td>352096; 352070</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>40 &#956;m cell strainer&#160;</td>
			<td>Corning&#160;</td>
			<td>CLS431750</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>5 mL polystyrene tubes&#160;</td>
			<td>Greiner Bio-One</td>
			<td>120180</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>70 &#956;m cell strainer&#160;</td>
			<td>Corning&#160;</td>
			<td>CLS431751</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>75 cm2 cell culture treated flask</td>
			<td>Euroclone</td>
			<td>&#160;ET7076</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Adsorbent wipes</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Allumin foil</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>anti-mouse CD107a (LAMP-1) Antibody</td>
			<td>Miltenyi Biotec</td>
			<td>130-111-319</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>anti-mouse CD25 (7D4) Antibody&#160;</td>
			<td>Miltenyi Biotec</td>
			<td>130-118-678</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>anti-mouse CD3 (17A2) Antibody</td>
			<td>BioLegend</td>
			<td>100206</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Aptes</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>440140</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BD Cytofix/Cytoperm Plus Fixation/Permeabilization Solution Kit with BD GolgiPlug</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>555028</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BD GolgiPlug Protein Transport Inhibitor (Containing Brefeldin A)</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>555029</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BD GolgiStop Protein Transport Inhibitor (Containing Monensin)</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>554724</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bovine serum albumin (BSA)</td>
			<td>US Biological, Salem</td>
			<td>A1312</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CD11c Monoclonal Antibody (N418)</td>
			<td>eBioscience</td>
			<td>12-0114-81</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CD137 (4-1BB) Monoclonal Antibody (17B5)</td>
			<td>eBioscience</td>
			<td>17-1371-82</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CD3 Monoclonal Antibody (17A2)</td>
			<td>eBioscience</td>
			<td>25-0032-82</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CD44 Monoclonal Antibody (IM7)</td>
			<td>eBioscience</td>
			<td>11-0441-82</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CD45 Monoclonal Antibody (30-F11)</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>MCD4528</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CD69 Monoclonal Antibody (H1.2F3)</td>
			<td>eBioscience</td>
			<td>48-0691-82</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CD8a Monoclonal Antibody (53-6.7)</td>
			<td>eBioscience</td>
			<td>11-0081-82</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CD8a Monoclonal Antibody (53-6.7)</td>
			<td>eBioscience</td>
			<td>17-0081-82</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CD95 (APO-1/Fas) Monoclonal Antibody (15A7)</td>
			<td>eBioscience</td>
			<td>53-0951-82</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cell counting slides</td>
			<td>Kova International</td>
			<td>87144E</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Chromium quartz masks</td>
			<td>MB W&#38;A, Germany</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Click-iT Plus EdU Alexa Fluor 647 Flow Cytometry Assay Kit</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>C10635</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CytoFLEX Flow Cytometer</td>
			<td>Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dead Cell Removal Kit</td>
			<td>Miltenyi Biotec</td>
			<td>130-090-101</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dulbecco&#39;s Phosphate-Buffered Saline (D-PBS)</td>
			<td>EuroClone</td>
			<td>ECB4053L</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EDTA</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>AM9260G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fetal bovine serum (FBS)</td>
			<td>EuroClone</td>
			<td>ECS0180L</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Flowjo v10.0.7</td>
			<td>Flowjo, LLC</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Granzyme B Monoclonal Antibody (NGZB)</td>
			<td>eBioscience</td>
			<td>12-8898-82</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>H2O2</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>H2SO4</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>hotplate</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Humified cell culture incubator (37&#176;, 5% CO2)</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ice machine</td>
			<td>Brema Ice Makers</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>IFN gamma Monoclonal Antibody (XMG1.2)</td>
			<td>eBioscience</td>
			<td>11-7311-82</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Illustrator CC 2015</td>
			<td>Adobe Systems Inc.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ImageJ</td>
			<td>National Institute of Health</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Incucyte 2022A Software</td>
			<td>Sartorius</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Incucyte Cytotox Dye for Counting Dead Cells</td>
			<td>Sartorius</td>
			<td>4632</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Incucyte SX5 Live-Cell Analysis System&#160;</td>
			<td>Sartorius</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>JuLi Smart Fluorescent Live Cell Imaging Microscope</td>
			<td>Bulldog Bio</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Laboratory bench</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Laboratory refrigerator (4&#176;C)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Laboratory Safety Cabinet (Class II)</td>
			<td>Angelantoni</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>L-glutamine 200 mM</td>
			<td>EuroClone</td>
			<td>ECB3004D</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>LIVE/DEAD Fixable Aqua Dead Cell Stain Kit</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>L34957</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>LIVE/DEAD Fixable Near-IR Dead Cell Stain Kit</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>L10119</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MACS columns</td>
			<td>Miltenyi Biotec</td>
			<td>130-042-201; 130-042-401&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MACS separators</td>
			<td>Miltenyi Biotec</td>
			<td>130-042-10; 130-042-302</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MCA205 mouse fibrosarcoma cell line</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>SCC173</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microbiologically controlled animal facility equipped with Class II safety cabine</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MicroCL 21R Microcentrifuge</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>75002552</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microsoft Excel&#160;</td>
			<td>Microsoft, Redmond&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mouse: C57BL/6J</td>
			<td>The Jackson Laboratory</td>
			<td>000664</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Naive CD8a+ T Cell Isolation Kit, mouse</td>
			<td>Miltenyi Biotec</td>
			<td>130-096-543</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nikon ECLIPSE Ts2</td>
			<td>Nikon Instruments Inc.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NIS-Elements BR 5.30.0064-BIT</td>
			<td>Nikon Instruments Inc.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Optical litography</td>
			<td>EVG</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Penicillin G sodium salt and streptomycin sulfate</td>
			<td>EuroClone</td>
			<td>ECB3001D/1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pipet aid</td>
			<td>Drummond Scientific Co., Broomall, PA</td>
			<td>&#160;4-000-201</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pipettes</td>
			<td>Eppendorf</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PKH67 Fluorescent Cell Linker Kits</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>PKH67GL-1KT</td>
			<td>fluorescent cell linker&#160; kit</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>plastic coverslip</td>
			<td>IBIDI</td>
			<td>10812</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Propidium Iodide</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>P1304MP</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Reactive Ion Etching system</td>
			<td>Oxford plasmalab</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Roswell Park Memorial Institute 1640 (RPMI 1640)</td>
			<td>EuroClone</td>
			<td>ECB9006L</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>serological pipettes (2 mL, 5 mL, 10 mL, 25 mL)</td>
			<td>Corning- Millipore-Sigma; St. Louis, 
			MO</td>
			<td>CLS4486; CLS4487; CLS4488; CLS4489</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SL 16 Centrifuge Series</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>75004031</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sterile scalpels, surgical forceps, scissors and pliers</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sterile tips (1&#8211;10 &#956;L, 20&#8211;200 &#956;L, 1000 &#956;L)</td>
			<td>EuroClone Spa, Milan, Italy</td>
			<td>ECTD00010; ECTD00020; ECTD00200; ECTD01005</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SU-8 3000 series</td>
			<td>MicroChem corp, Newton, (MA)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Suite of dermal biopsy punches</td>
			<td>Kai Medical, Tedpella</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sylgard 184</td>
			<td>Dowsil, Dow Corning</td>
			<td>101697</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TCR beta Monoclonal Antibody (H57-597)</td>
			<td>eBioscience</td>
			<td>12-5961-82</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Thermostatic bath</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Timer</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TMCS&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>92360</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trypan Blue Stain (0.4%)</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>15250061</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trypsin-EDTA w/ Phenol Red</td>
			<td>EuroClone</td>
			<td>ECM0920</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vacuum dessicator</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

co-culture in vitro systems to reproduce the cancer-immunity cycle

Temel kanser araştırmaları ve etkili karşı saldırı tedavilerinin geliştirilmesi, kanser-bağışıklık döngüsü olarak adlandırılan kanser ve bağışıklık hücreleri arasındaki etkileşimleri detaylandıran deneysel çalışmalara dayanmaktadır. Multiparametrik akış sitometrisi (mFC) ve çip üzerinde tümör mikroakışkan cihazları (ToC'ler) ile birleştirilmiş in vitro ko-kültür sistemleri, kanser-bağışıklık döngüsünün her adımının basit, hızlı ve güvenilir bir şekilde izlenmesini ve karakterizasyonunu sağlar ve kanser immünosürveyansı ile immünoevazyon arasındaki dengeyi bozmaktan sorumlu mekanizmaların tanımlanmasına yol açar. Kanser ve bağışıklık hücreleri arasındaki dinamik etkileşimlerin kapsamlı bir şekilde anlaşılması, tümörleri alt etmek için kritik bilgiler sağlar ve hastalarda terapötik kişiselleştirme ve optimizasyonun hızını hızlandırır. Spesifik olarak, burada, murin kanseri hücre dizilerinde ve fareden türetilen bağışıklık hücrelerinde kanser-bağışıklık döngüsünün her adımının dinamik karmaşıklıklarını çözmek ve immünosürveyansa odaklanmak için basit bir mFC ve ToC destekli protokolü detaylandırıyoruz. Bu protokolün zaman ve maliyetle ilgili özellikleri göz önüne alındığında, kesinlikle büyük ölçekte uygulanabilir. Ayrıca, küçük varyasyonlarla, bu protokol hem insan kanser hücre hatlarına hem de insan periferik kan kaynaklı bağışıklık hücrelerine uyarlanabilir ve bağışıklık yanıtının biyobelirteçlerini tanımlamak için spesifik yolların genetik ve / veya farmakolojik inhibisyonu ile birleştirilebilir.

Over the past few decades, immunotherapy has been at the forefront of cutting-edge options for cancer treatment. Harnessing the immune system with antitumor purposes has provided powerful proof-of-concept for patient benefit across diverse hematologic and solid malignancies with historically poor prognoses. As immunotherapy is offering an opportunity for otherwise hard-to-treat cancers, it is experiencing an astoundingly rapid pace of progress. Such progress can be, at least in part, attributed to the refined understanding of the interplay between cancer cells and immune cells. This interplay resembles a feed-forward &#34;engine&#34; the immune system ignites to destroy cancer cells, the so-called cancer-immunity cycle. This anticancer immune response progresses across three main levels: recognition, processing, and reaction. Firstly, in the phase of recognition, tumor antigens (Ags) produced during tumor formation are released by dying cancer cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME, step 1) and engulfed by tumor-infiltrating dendritic cells (DCs, step 2). Next, in the phase of processing, DCs present the epitopes of the captured tumor Ags through the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, express on their surface higher levels of costimulatory molecules (step 3), and move to tumor-draining lymph nodes (dLNs) to cross-present their cargo to na&#239;ve CD8 T cells (CD8N, step 4). All these steps converge in the final process of reaction during which tumor Ag-specific cross-primed CD8 T cells (CD8C-P) are activated, mature into effector CD8 T (CD8E) cells, and undergo a clonal expansion (step 5). CD8E cells then leave the dLNs and home through the blood to the TME (step 6) where they specifically recognize and bind to cancer cells through the interaction between their T cell receptor (TCR) and their cognate tumor Ags, release cytotoxic molecules [i.e., interferon (IFN)-&#947;, perforins and granzymes (Grzs)] and kill cancer cells (step 7)1,2. Cancer cell killing leads to the release of further tumor Ags to fuel the cancer-immunity cycle. As a matter of fact, through all these steps, the immune system destroys and rejects cancer cells far more often than supposed. However, in cancer patients, at least one of these steps does not work properly. We and others showed that cancer cells seek to stall the immune response by either evolving into more aggressive and immune-privileged variants3,4,5 or hampering T-cell effectiveness6,7.
Cancer research and cancer drug development both rely on experimental models that allow the study of the relationship between cancer and immune cells, the so-called onco-immunology. Here are described fast, reliable, reproducible, and low-cost in vitro models that comprehensively reproduce each step of the onco-immunology cycle and is offered a rapid and clear view of the phenotypic and functional feature sets of immunosurveillance and eventually immunoediting.
Multiparametric flow cytometry (mFC) is one of the most successful single-cell analytical tools in fundamental cancer research, diagnosis, and translational research in cancer clinical trials. As it allows to simultaneously capture more features in each cell, mFC has earned its place as a gold-standard analysis platform in onco-immunology. It couples high sensitivity and specificity with the possibility to measure multiple protein expression patterns and functional properties quickly and reproducibly at a single cell level from heterogeneous and even heterotypic cell suspensions, as those from the TME8,9,10. As both phenotypic and functional expression patterns are time-sensitive, careful attention to experiment design, the selection of suitable panels, controls, and titred antibodies, and to appropriate sample processing and instrumentation use are critical for the reliability, comparability, and reproducibility of results and to confidently interpret experiment outcome11.
Tumor-on-a-chip microfluidic devices (ToCs) model the TME by allowing in vitro microscale biomimetics of cancer and immune cell dynamics and interplays12,13,14,15. Specifically, ToCs are multichannel microfluidic cell-culture devices able to host diverse cell types organized in either two-dimensional (2D) or three-dimensional (3D) culture settings and able to model with high fidelity and to control with high precision, key structural and functional units such as heterotypic cellular interactions and flows of chemical gradients that physiologically occur in the TME12,13,14,15. In particular, immune chemoattraction and trajectories as well as immune cell interaction with cancer cells, can be monitored in real-time and quantified by time-lapse microscopy and automated tracking analysis5,12,13,14,15,16. Furthermore, ToCs offer the possibility to both analyze and manipulate crucial processes regulating cancer onset and progression and response to therapy17.
In this article, mFC with ToCs are combined to study all the levels of the anticancer immune response going through DC-mediated phagocytosis of cancer Ags (steps 1-3), T cell cross-priming (step 4), activation and clonal expansion (the last by means of 5-ethynyl-2&#39;-deoxyuridine (EdU) and Cu(I)-catalyzed cycloaddition [click] technology, a highly sensitive and accurate methodology, step 5), CD8E cell homing to the TME (step 6) and, finally CD8E-cell-mediated cancer cell killing (step 7, Figure 1).
This work contributes to the effort toward establishing simple, fast, and reliable standard protocols to study the cancer-immunity cycle. The improvement and integration of mFC and ToC models into cancer research, TME dynamics, and response to therapy hold great potential as these models provide biological fidelity along with experimental control. Hence, this protocol helps recreate, in a stepwise manner, the cancer-immunity cycle by making it possible to characterize, monitor, and timely maneuver the roles of individual cell players and their reciprocal interactions upon natural and acquired immunosurveillance. This ultimately will help refine, reduce, and replace animal studies while providing critical insights to outsmart tumors and guide clinical care. Finally, mFC and ToC advantages and limitations are critically discussed and compared with state-of-the-art technologies (e.g., high plex spatial analyses at single cell and even sub-cellular resolution) to push onco-immunology research and therapy forward.

Kanser-Bağışıklık Döngüsünün İzlenmesi ve Tümör Mikroçevre Dinamiklerinin Araştırılması

Kanser-Bağışıklık Döngüsünü Çoğaltmak için İn Vitro Sistemlerde Ko-Kültür

This protocol allows simple, faster, and reliable monitoring and characterization of each step of the cancer immunity cycle, and thus led to the identification of the mechanisms responsible for keeping the balance between cancer-immune surveillance and immune evasion. The interaction and evolution of cancer and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment have emerged as crucial factors detecting therapeutic outcomes. Currently, several technologies are advancing research in our field, including flow cytometry, single-cell transcriptomics, special transcriptomics, proteomics, tumor-on-a-chip models, and in-vivo models.Our protocol offers significant advantages over other techniques as it provides a simple, fast, reliable, and low cost method for monitoring and characterizing each step of the cancer immunity cycle. In the future, we want to study the dynamics of the tumor microenvironment and immunogenic and immune therapies.

Çapraz sunum21,22 için özelleşmiş ve Şekil 2A'da gösterildiği gibi kapılı, yaygın olarak bilinen fagosit alt kümesi olan CD11c+ DC'lerin, daha önce PKH67 floresan hücre bağlayıcısı ile etiketlenmiş UV ışınlanmış MCA205 kanser hücrelerinden apoptotik cisimleri yutma yeteneği mFC tarafından değerlendirildi. Beklendiği gibi, CD11c + DC'ler, apoptotik MCA205 hücrelerini in vitro ola...

Burada, kanser-bağışıklık döngüsünü oluşturan adımları izlemek ve karakterize etmek için basit, hızlı ve güvenilir bir multiparametrik akış sitometrisi ve çip üzerinde tümör destekli protokolü detaylandırıyoruz. Gerçekten de, kanser ve bağışıklık hücreleri arasındaki etkileşimlerin kapsamlı bir şekilde anlaşılması, tümörleri alt etmek ve klinik bakıma rehberlik etmek için kritik bilgiler sağlar.

Fundamental cancer research and the development of effective counterattack therapies both rely on experimental studies detailing the interactions between ...

co-culture-in-vitro-systems-to-reproduce-the-cancer-immunity-cycle

Research

JoVE Journal

Cancer Research

Co-Culture In Vitro Systems to Reproduce the Cancer-Immunity Cycle

467 Görüntüleme.  Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore. Bu protokol, kanser bağışıklık döngüsünün her adımının basit, daha hızlı ve güvenilir bir şekilde izlenmesine ve karakterizasyonuna izin verir ve böylece kanser-bağışıklık sürveyansı ile bağışıklıktan kaçınma arasındaki dengeyi korumaktan sorumlu mekanizmaların tanımlanmasına yol açar. Tümör mikroçevresindeki kanser ve bağışıklık hücrelerinin etkileşimi ve evrimi, terapötik sonuçları tespit eden çok önemli fa...

Video: Kanser-Bağışıklık Döngüsünün İzlenmesi ve Tümör Mikroçevre Dinamiklerinin Araştırılması

Fundamental cancer research and the development of effective counterattack therapies both rely on experimental studies detailing the interactions between cancer and immune cells, the so-called cancer-immunity cycle. In vitro co-culture systems combined with multiparametric flow cytometry (mFC) and tumor-on-a-chip microfluidic devices (ToCs) enable simple, fast, and reliable monitoring and characterization of each step of the cancer-immunity cycle and lead to the identification of the mechanisms responsible for tipping the balance between cancer immunosurveillance and immunoevasion. A thorough understanding of the dynamic interplays between cancer and immune cells provides critical insights to outsmart tumors and will accelerate the pace of therapeutic personalization and optimization in patients. Specifically, here we detail a straightforward mFC- and ToC-assisted protocol for unraveling the dynamic complexities of each step of the cancer-immunity cycle in murine cancer cell lines and mouse-derived immune cells and focus on immunosurveillance. Considering the time- and cost-related features of this protocol, it is certainly feasible on a large scale. Moreover, with minor variations, this protocol can be both adapted to human cancer cell lines and human peripheral-blood-derived immune cells and combined with genetic and/or pharmacologic inhibition of specific pathways in order to identify biomarkers of immune response.

Here, we detail a simple, fast, and reliable multiparametric flow cytometry- and tumor-on-a-chip-assisted protocol to monitor and characterize the steps constituting the cancer-immunity cycle. Indeed, a thorough understanding of the interplays between cancer and immune cells provides critical insights to outsmart tumors and guide clinical care.

Kanser Araştırmaları

Inducing Cancer Cell Death and Evaluating CD8 T Cells Activation Through Co-Culture and Flow Cytometry Analysis

To begin, plate 3 times 10 to the power of 6MCA205 fibrosarcoma cells in 10 milliliters of complete growth medium in a 100 millimeters Petri dish. Irradiate cells with ultraviolet light and incubate at 37 degrees Celsius with 5%carbon dioxide for at least six hours to let them die. Wash in vitro differentiated dendritic cells, or DCs, twice, at 1100G for four minutes in a complete growth medium.Count the bone marrow-derived empty DCs using the Trypan blue dye exclusion test. Centrifuge the irradiated cancer cells at 1100G for five minutes. Set the co-culture of empty DCs with irradiated apoptotic cells at a two to one ratio in a 12-well plate for 24 hours at 37 degrees Celsius and 5%carbon dioxide.The next day, wash the cells twice at 1100G for five minutes in 10 milliliters of complete growth medium in 15 milliliter tubes. For cell surface staining, re-suspend the bone marrow-derived DCs in 20 microliters of cold FACS buffer and incubate for 20 minutes at four degrees Celsius in the dark. After washing the cells with FACS buffer, add 100 microliters of PBS containing vitality fixable near-infrared dye for 30 minutes.Wash the cells once with PBS before re-suspending them in the FACS buffer. Identify the cells of interest based on their FSCA and SSCA properties. Then plot FSCA and FSCH to exclude cell doublets and clumps from the analysis.Plot 780 to 60 nanometer emission band pass filter area and SSCA to remove dead cells. Using 575 to 26 and 530 to 30 nanometer emission band pass filters, detect cell positivity for CD11C marker and PKH67 fluorescent cell linker in two parameter density plots. After counting, culture the CD8 T cells with bone marrow-derived DCs that had taken up apoptotic MCA205 cells at a two to five to one ratio at 37 degrees Celsius and 5%carbon dioxide for 72 hours.Add EdU to the co-culture medium at 10 micromolar final concentration and incubate for 16 to 20 hours. Centrifuge the CD8 cross prime twice at 1100G for five minutes and stain for surface markers in cold FACS buffer for 20 minutes at four degrees Celsius in the dark. After washing the cells twice in FACS buffer, re-suspend them in 100 microliters of PBS containing the vitality fixable aqua dye for 30 minutes.Wash the cell suspensions once with three milliliters of 1%BSA in PBS in flow tubes. Add 100 microliters of 4%paraformaldehyde for 15 minutes for cell fixation. Incubate the cells in 100 microliters of saponin-based permeabilization and wash reagent for 15 minutes.Add 500 microliters of the reaction cocktail and incubate for 30 minutes in the dark. After washing, re-suspend the cells in 100 microliters of saponin-based permeabilization and wash reagent. Identify the cells of interest based on their FSEA and SSEA properties.Then plot FSEA and FSEH to exclude cell doublets and clumps from the analysis. Plot 525 to 50 nanometer emission band pass filter area and SSCA to remove dead cells. Using 530 to 30 and 575 to 26 nanometer emission band pass filter density plots, detect cells'positivity for CD8a and CD3.Analyze cells for Alexa Fluor 647 EdU incorporation in a single parameter histogram using a 660 to 620 nanometer band pass emission filter. CD11c positive dendritic cells effectively engulfed apoptotic MCA205 cancer cells at 37 degrees Celsius, demonstrating temperature-dependent phagocytosis in early cancer immunity cycle stages. After phagocytosis, dendritic cells showed increased levels of CD86 and MHC-II along with reduced levels of PDL1.The clonal expansion of CD8 positive T cells once activated by mature dendritic cells was evident with approximately 20%proliferation rate. Using tumor-on-chip models, the chemotactic response of these T cells towards cancer cell released alarmins was observed.

Kanser Hücresi Ölümünün İndüklenmesi ve CD8 T Hücrelerinin Aktivasyonunun Ko-Kültür ve Akış Sitometrisi Analizi ile Değerlendirilmesi

Enhancing CD8 T Cell Responses Through Re-stimulation with Cancer Cells and Evaluation of Tumor Reactivity

After recovering CD8 cross-primed from coculture, centrifuge them at 1100 g for 10 minutes in 10 milliliters of complete growth medium. Resuspend 1 x 10 to the power of 7 total cells in 100 microliters of dead cell removal microbeads, and incubate for 15 minutes at room temperature. Place separation columns in the magnetic separator, and rinse them with binding buffer.Transfer cell suspensions into separation columns, and collect the flow-through. After washing the column, collect the unlabeled cells that pass through, and combine them with previously collected flow-through. Centrifuge enriched live CD8 cross-primed at 1100 g for five minutes in a complete growth medium.After counting, culture CD8 cross-primed cells with fresh MCA205 cells at a two-to-one ratio in 12 well plates, and incubate at 37 degrees Celsius and 5%carbon dioxide for 72 hours. Before recovering CD8 effector, add monensin and brefeldin to the cancer immune cell cocultures for six hours. Then recover CD8 effector, and centrifuge twice at 1100 g for five minutes.Resuspend cells in three different primary antibody mixes prepared in cold FACS buffer, and incubate for 20 minutes at four degrees Celsius, protecting from light. Add 100 microliters of fixation solution to the cell palate from Mix C and incubate for 20 minutes at four degrees Celsius in the dark. Resuspend the cells in a cold wash buffer, and incubate for 30 minutes at four degrees Celsius.After washing cells twice in FACS buffer, add 100 microliters of PBS containing the Vitality Fixable Aqua Dye to cell pellets for 30 minutes. Identify cells of interest based on their FSCA and SSCA properties. Then plot FSCA and FSCH to exclude cell doublets and clumps from the analysis.Plot 525/50 nanometer emission band-pass filter and SSCA to remove dead cells, Using 660/20 and 780/60 nanometer emission band-pass filters, detect cell positivity for CDAA and CD3 in two parameter density plots. Further, analyze cells for CD44, CD25, and CD69 markers for CD137 marker, and for interferon gamma positive and granzyme B for Mix A, B, and C, respectively. For tumor killing assay, supplement the coculture medium with a real-time cell death quantification dye.After warming the plate to 37 degrees Celsius in the live cell analysis system, perform data scanning every two hours for up to 72 hours. Centrifuge the cells twice at 1000 g for five minutes. Stain cells for surface markers with 20 microliters of cold FACS buffer and incubate for 20 minutes at four degrees celsius in the dark.Then add the vitality dye propidium iodide to stain the cells for a gating strategy. Identify the cells of interest based on their FSCA and SSCA properties. Then plot FSCA and FSCH to exclude cell doublets and clumps from the analysis.Use a 450/50 nanometer emission band pass filter to detect cancer cells negative for CD45. In a single parameter histogram, using a 610/620 nanometer band-pass emission filter, analyze cells for propidium iodide incorporation as mean fluorescent intensity. Through multi-parameter flow cytometry, the surface expression levels of the early activation marker CD69, late activation markers CD44 and CD25, membrane expression of CD137, and CD107, tumor reactivity markers were enhanced.The intracellular levels of cytotoxic molecules, granzyme B, and interferon gamma positive were progressively and significantly increased, reaching a peak of expression at 72 hours of coculture. Cognate cocultured MCA205 cells underwent significant levels of CD8 effector mediated death.